---
_id: '1513'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Insects of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) use a wide range of mechanisms
    of sex determination, including genetic sex determination, paternal genome elimination,
    and haplodiploidy. Genetic sex determination, the prevalent mode, is generally
    controlled by a pair of XY sex chromosomes or by an XX/X0 system, but different
    configurations that include additional sex chromosomes are also present. Although
    this diversity of sex determining systems has been extensively studied at the
    cytogenetic level, only the X chromosome of the model pea aphid Acyrthosiphon
    pisum has been analyzed at the genomic level, and little is known about X chromosome
    biology in the rest of the order.\r\n\r\nIn this study, we take advantage of published
    DNA- and RNA-seq data from three additional Hemiptera species to perform a comparative
    analysis of the gene content and expression of the X chromosome throughout this
    clade. We find that, despite showing evidence of dosage compensation, the X chromosomes
    of these species show female-biased expression, and a deficit of male-biased genes,
    in direct contrast to the pea aphid X. We further detect an excess of shared gene
    content between these very distant species, suggesting that despite the diversity
    of sex determining systems, the same chromosomal element is used as the X throughout
    a large portion of the order. "
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Arka
  full_name: Pal, Arka
  id: 6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425
  last_name: Pal
  orcid: 0000-0002-4530-8469
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
citation:
  ama: 'Pal A, Vicoso B. The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation, dosage
    compensation and sex-biased expression. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. 2015;7(12):3259-3268.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">10.1093/gbe/evv215</a>'
  apa: 'Pal, A., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2015). The X chromosome of hemipteran insects:
    Conservation, dosage compensation and sex-biased expression. <i>Genome Biology
    and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215</a>'
  chicago: 'Pal, Arka, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects:
    Conservation, Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression.” <i>Genome Biology
    and Evolution</i>. Oxford University Press, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Pal and B. Vicoso, “The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation,
    dosage compensation and sex-biased expression,” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 12. Oxford University Press, pp. 3259–3268, 2015.'
  ista: 'Pal A, Vicoso B. 2015. The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation,
    dosage compensation and sex-biased expression. Genome Biology and Evolution. 7(12),
    3259–3268.'
  mla: 'Pal, Arka, and Beatriz Vicoso. “The X Chromosome of Hemipteran Insects: Conservation,
    Dosage Compensation and Sex-Biased Expression.” <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 12, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 3259–68, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215">10.1093/gbe/evv215</a>.'
  short: A. Pal, B. Vicoso, Genome Biology and Evolution 7 (2015) 3259–3268.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:27Z
date_published: 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-23T14:18:15Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1093/gbe/evv215
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000366498700008'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 2b56b8c2e2a1d4cc3c9cb8daba26dd9b
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:17:29Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:00Z
  file_id: '5284'
  file_name: IST-2016-496-v1+1_Genome_Biol_Evol-2015-Pal-3259-68.pdf
  file_size: 858027
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:00Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv215
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 3259 - 3268
project:
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
publication: Genome Biology and Evolution
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '5664'
pubrep_id: '496'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The X chromosome of hemipteran insects: Conservation, dosage compensation
  and sex-biased expression'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 7
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '1577'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Contrary to the pattern seen in mammalian sex chromosomes, where most Y-linked
    genes have X-linked homologs, the Drosophila X and Y chromosomes appear to be
    unrelated. Most of the Y-linked genes have autosomal paralogs, so autosome-to-Y
    transposition must be the main source of Drosophila Y-linked genes. Here we show
    how these genes were acquired. We found a previously unidentified gene (flagrante
    delicto Y, FDY) that originated from a recent duplication of the autosomal gene
    vig2 to the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Four contiguous genes were
    duplicated along with vig2, but they became pseudogenes through the accumulation
    of deletions and transposable element insertions, whereas FDY remained functional,
    acquired testis-specific expression, and now accounts for ∼20% of the vig2-like
    mRNA in testis. FDY is absent in the closest relatives of D. melanogaster, and
    DNA sequence divergence indicates that the duplication to the Y chromosome occurred
    ∼2 million years ago. Thus, FDY provides a snapshot of the early stages of the
    establishment of a Y-linked gene and demonstrates how the Drosophila Y has been
    accumulating autosomal genes.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
  Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), FAPERJ, and CAPES (to A.B.C.), and National Institutes
  of Health Grant R01 GM64590 (to A.G.C. and A.B.C.).\r\nWe thank M. Vibranovski,
  C. Bergman, and the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project for access to unpublished
  data; M. Vibranovski, R. Hoskins, S. Celniker, C. Kennedy, J. Carlson, S. Galasinski,
  B. Wakimoto, J. Yasuhara, G. Sutton, M. Kuhner, J. Felsenstein, and C. Santos for
  help in various steps of the work; and B. Bitner-Mathe, R. Ventura, the members
  of the A.B.C. and A.G.C. laboratories, and two reviewers for many valuable comments
  on the manuscript."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Antonio
  full_name: Carvalho, Antonio
  last_name: Carvalho
- first_name: Beatriz
  full_name: Vicoso, Beatriz
  id: 49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vicoso
  orcid: 0000-0002-4579-8306
- first_name: Claudia
  full_name: Russo, Claudia
  last_name: Russo
- first_name: Bonnielin
  full_name: Swenor, Bonnielin
  last_name: Swenor
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Clark, Andrew
  last_name: Clark
citation:
  ama: Carvalho A, Vicoso B, Russo C, Swenor B, Clark A. Birth of a new gene on the
    Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. <i>PNAS</i>. 2015;112(40):12450-12455.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112">10.1073/pnas.1516543112</a>
  apa: Carvalho, A., Vicoso, B., Russo, C., Swenor, B., &#38; Clark, A. (2015). Birth
    of a new gene on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. <i>PNAS</i>. National
    Academy of Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112</a>
  chicago: Carvalho, Antonio, Beatriz Vicoso, Claudia Russo, Bonnielin Swenor, and
    Andrew Clark. “Birth of a New Gene on the Y Chromosome of Drosophila Melanogaster.”
    <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112</a>.
  ieee: A. Carvalho, B. Vicoso, C. Russo, B. Swenor, and A. Clark, “Birth of a new
    gene on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 112, no.
    40. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 12450–12455, 2015.
  ista: Carvalho A, Vicoso B, Russo C, Swenor B, Clark A. 2015. Birth of a new gene
    on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. PNAS. 112(40), 12450–12455.
  mla: Carvalho, Antonio, et al. “Birth of a New Gene on the Y Chromosome of Drosophila
    Melanogaster.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 112, no. 40, National Academy of Sciences, 2015,
    pp. 12450–55, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112">10.1073/pnas.1516543112</a>.
  short: A. Carvalho, B. Vicoso, C. Russo, B. Swenor, A. Clark, PNAS 112 (2015) 12450–12455.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:49Z
date_published: 2015-10-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-06-18T17:49:06Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: BeVi
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1516543112
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000363125400061'
  pmid:
  - '26385968'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516543112
intvolume: '       112'
isi: 1
issue: '40'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603513/
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 12450 - 12455
pmid: 1
publication: PNAS
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '5594'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Birth of a new gene on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 112
year: '2015'
...