[{"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to M. Sixt, T. Bollenbach, and E. Martin-Blanco for advice and the service facilities of the IST Austria and MPI-CBG for continuous help. M.B., G.S., S.W.G., and C.-P.H. synergistically and equally developed the presented ideas and the experimental and theoretical approaches. M.B. and P.C. performed the experiments; G.S. developed the theory; and R.H., F.O., and J.R. contributed to the experimental work. This work was supported by a grant from the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (I930-B20) to C.-P.H., S.W.G., and G.S.","citation":{"short":"M. Behrndt, G. Salbreux, P. Campinho, R. Hauschild, F. Oswald, J. Roensch, S. Grill, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Science 338 (2012) 257–260.","apa":"Behrndt, M., Salbreux, G., Campinho, P., Hauschild, R., Oswald, F., Roensch, J., … Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2012). Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143</a>","ieee":"M. Behrndt <i>et al.</i>, “Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 338, no. 6104. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 257–260, 2012.","mla":"Behrndt, Martin, et al. “Forces Driving Epithelial Spreading in Zebrafish Gastrulation.” <i>Science</i>, vol. 338, no. 6104, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2012, pp. 257–60, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143\">10.1126/science.1224143</a>.","ama":"Behrndt M, Salbreux G, Campinho P, et al. Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation. <i>Science</i>. 2012;338(6104):257-260. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143\">10.1126/science.1224143</a>","chicago":"Behrndt, Martin, Guillaume Salbreux, Pedro Campinho, Robert Hauschild, Felix Oswald, Julia Roensch, Stephan Grill, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Forces Driving Epithelial Spreading in Zebrafish Gastrulation.” <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2012. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143</a>.","ista":"Behrndt M, Salbreux G, Campinho P, Hauschild R, Oswald F, Roensch J, Grill S, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2012. Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation. Science. 338(6104), 257–260."},"_id":"2950","scopus_import":"1","department":[{"_id":"CaHe"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","issue":"6104","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_type":"closed access","external_id":{"isi":["000309712300046"],"pmid":["23066079"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Contractile actomyosin rings drive various fundamental morphogenetic processes ranging from cytokinesis to wound healing. Actomyosin rings are generally thought to function by circumferential contraction. Here, we show that the spreading of the enveloping cell layer (EVL) over the yolk cell during zebrafish gastrulation is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring. In contrast to previous suggestions, we find that this ring functions not only by circumferential contraction but also by a flow-friction mechanism. This generates a pulling force through resistance against retrograde actomyosin flow. EVL spreading proceeds normally in situations where circumferential contraction is unproductive, indicating that the flow-friction mechanism is sufficient. Thus, actomyosin rings can function in epithelial morphogenesis through a combination of cable-constriction and flow-friction mechanisms."}],"day":"12","author":[{"id":"3ECECA3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Behrndt, Martin","last_name":"Behrndt","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Salbreux","full_name":"Salbreux, Guillaume"},{"last_name":"Campinho","id":"3AFBBC42-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Campinho, Pedro","first_name":"Pedro","orcid":"0000-0002-8526-5416"},{"last_name":"Hauschild","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","first_name":"Robert"},{"first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Oswald","full_name":"Oswald, Felix"},{"last_name":"Roensch","full_name":"Roensch, Julia","id":"4220E59C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Julia"},{"first_name":"Stephan","full_name":"Grill, Stephan","last_name":"Grill"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"252ABD0A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Control of Epithelial Cell Layer Spreading in Zebrafish","grant_number":"I930-B20"}],"date_updated":"2026-07-29T10:07:18Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:30Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143","publication_status":"published","publication":"Science","publist_id":"3778","year":"2012","type":"journal_article","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"1403","status":"public"}]},"isi":1,"volume":338,"intvolume":"       338","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"SSU"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation","month":"10","page":"257 - 260","corr_author":"1","quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"oa_version":"None","article_type":"original","doi":"10.1126/science.1224143","date_published":"2012-10-12T00:00:00Z"},{"status":"public","doi":"10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394","date_published":"2011-06-09T00:00:00Z","day":"09","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224241106_Ilastik_Interactive_learning_and_segmentation_toolkit","open_access":"1"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sommer","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105","first_name":"Christoph M"},{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Straehle","full_name":"Straehle, Christoph"},{"last_name":"Köthe","full_name":"Köthe, Ullrich","first_name":"Ullrich"},{"first_name":"Fred A.","full_name":"Hamprecht, Fred A.","last_name":"Hamprecht"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"month":"06","article_processing_charge":"No","keyword":["image segmentation","biomedical imaging","three dimensional displays","neurons","retina","observers","image color analysis"],"title":"Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit","abstract":[{"text":"Segmentation is the process of partitioning digital images into meaningful regions. The analysis of biological high content images often requires segmentation as a first step. We propose ilastik as an easy-to-use tool which allows the user without expertise in image processing to perform segmentation and classification in a unified way. ilastik learns from labels provided by the user through a convenient mouse interface. Based on these labels, ilastik infers a problem specific segmentation. A random forest classifier is used in the learning step, in which each pixel's neighborhood is characterized by a set of generic (nonlinear) features. ilastik supports up to three spatial plus one spectral dimension and makes use of all dimensions in the feature calculation. ilastik provides realtime feedback that enables the user to interactively refine the segmentation result and hence further fine-tune the classifier. An uncertainty measure guides the user to ambiguous regions in the images. Real time performance is achieved by multi-threading which fully exploits the capabilities of modern multi-core machines. Once a classifier has been trained on a set of representative images, it can be exported and used to automatically process a very large number of images (e.g. using the CellProfiler pipeline). ilastik is an open source project and released under the BSD license at www.ilastik.org.","lang":"eng"}],"extern":"1","conference":{"start_date":"2011-03-30","name":"ISBI: International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging","end_date":"2011-04-02","location":"Chicago, Illinois, USA"},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","year":"2011","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","type":"conference","date_updated":"2023-02-23T14:13:38Z","citation":{"chicago":"Sommer, Christoph M, Christoph Straehle, Ullrich Köthe, and Fred A. Hamprecht. “Ilastik: Interactive Learning and Segmentation Toolkit.” In <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Micro</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394\">https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>.","ista":"Sommer CM, Straehle C, Köthe U, Hamprecht FA. 2011. Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro. ISBI: International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging.","short":"C.M. Sommer, C. Straehle, U. Köthe, F.A. Hamprecht, in:, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Micro, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011.","apa":"Sommer, C. M., Straehle, C., Köthe, U., &#38; Hamprecht, F. A. (2011). Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit. In <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro</i>. Chicago, Illinois, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394\">https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>","ama":"Sommer CM, Straehle C, Köthe U, Hamprecht FA. Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit. In: <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Micro</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 2011. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394\">10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>","ieee":"C. M. Sommer, C. Straehle, U. Köthe, and F. A. Hamprecht, “Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit,” in <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro</i>, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2011.","mla":"Sommer, Christoph M., et al. “Ilastik: Interactive Learning and Segmentation Toolkit.” <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Micro</i>, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394\">10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>."},"date_created":"2021-08-19T11:49:58Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394","_id":"9943","department":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"publication":"2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1945-7928"],"isbn":["978-1-4244-4127-3"],"eissn":["1945-8452"]},"publication_status":"published"},{"status":"public","day":"18","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Ekaterina","id":"41DB591E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Papusheva, Ekaterina","last_name":"Papusheva"},{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Heisenberg","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Integrin- and cadherin-mediated adhesion is central for cell and tissue morphogenesis, allowing cells and tissues to change shape without loosing integrity. Studies predominantly in cell culture showed that mechanosensation through adhesion structures is achieved by force-mediated modulation of their molecular composition. The specific molecular composition of adhesion sites in turn determines their signalling activity and dynamic reorganization. Here, we will review how adhesion sites respond to mecanical stimuli, and how spatially and temporally regulated signalling from different adhesion sites controls cell migration and tissue morphogenesis."}],"external_id":{"isi":["000281006400009"],"pmid":["20717145"]},"issue":"16","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","citation":{"short":"E. Papusheva, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, EMBO Journal 29 (2010) 2753–2768.","apa":"Papusheva, E., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2010). Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182\">https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>","ama":"Papusheva E, Heisenberg C-PJ. Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. 2010;29(16):2753-2768. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182\">10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>","ieee":"E. Papusheva and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis,” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 29, no. 16. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2753–2768, 2010.","mla":"Papusheva, Ekaterina, and Carl-Philipp J. Heisenberg. “Spatial Organization of Adhesion: Force-Dependent Regulation and Function in Tissue Morphogenesis.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 29, no. 16, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 2753–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182\">10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>.","chicago":"Papusheva, Ekaterina, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Spatial Organization of Adhesion: Force-Dependent Regulation and Function in Tissue Morphogenesis.” <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182\">https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>.","ista":"Papusheva E, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2010. Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis. EMBO Journal. 29(16), 2753–2768."},"_id":"4157","department":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"CaHe"}],"scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1038/emboj.2010.182","date_published":"2010-08-18T00:00:00Z","page":"2753 - 2768","oa_version":"Submitted Version","pmid":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2924654/","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"month":"08","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis","intvolume":"        29","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"}],"isi":1,"volume":29,"type":"journal_article","year":"2010","date_updated":"2025-09-30T09:29:30Z","publication":"EMBO Journal","publication_status":"published","publist_id":"1962","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:17Z"}]