---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '2950'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Contractile actomyosin rings drive various fundamental morphogenetic processes
    ranging from cytokinesis to wound healing. Actomyosin rings are generally thought
    to function by circumferential contraction. Here, we show that the spreading of
    the enveloping cell layer (EVL) over the yolk cell during zebrafish gastrulation
    is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring. In contrast to previous suggestions,
    we find that this ring functions not only by circumferential contraction but also
    by a flow-friction mechanism. This generates a pulling force through resistance
    against retrograde actomyosin flow. EVL spreading proceeds normally in situations
    where circumferential contraction is unproductive, indicating that the flow-friction
    mechanism is sufficient. Thus, actomyosin rings can function in epithelial morphogenesis
    through a combination of cable-constriction and flow-friction mechanisms.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: SSU
acknowledgement: We are grateful to M. Sixt, T. Bollenbach, and E. Martin-Blanco for
  advice and the service facilities of the IST Austria and MPI-CBG for continuous
  help. M.B., G.S., S.W.G., and C.-P.H. synergistically and equally developed the
  presented ideas and the experimental and theoretical approaches. M.B. and P.C. performed
  the experiments; G.S. developed the theory; and R.H., F.O., and J.R. contributed
  to the experimental work. This work was supported by a grant from the Fonds zur
  Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  (DFG) (I930-B20) to C.-P.H., S.W.G., and G.S.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Behrndt, Martin
  id: 3ECECA3A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Behrndt
- first_name: Guillaume
  full_name: Salbreux, Guillaume
  last_name: Salbreux
- first_name: Pedro
  full_name: Campinho, Pedro
  id: 3AFBBC42-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Campinho
  orcid: 0000-0002-8526-5416
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Hauschild, Robert
  id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hauschild
  orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: Oswald, Felix
  last_name: Oswald
- first_name: Julia
  full_name: Roensch, Julia
  id: 4220E59C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Roensch
- first_name: Stephan
  full_name: Grill, Stephan
  last_name: Grill
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: Behrndt M, Salbreux G, Campinho P, et al. Forces driving epithelial spreading
    in zebrafish gastrulation. <i>Science</i>. 2012;338(6104):257-260. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143">10.1126/science.1224143</a>
  apa: Behrndt, M., Salbreux, G., Campinho, P., Hauschild, R., Oswald, F., Roensch,
    J., … Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2012). Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish
    gastrulation. <i>Science</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143</a>
  chicago: Behrndt, Martin, Guillaume Salbreux, Pedro Campinho, Robert Hauschild,
    Felix Oswald, Julia Roensch, Stephan Grill, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Forces
    Driving Epithelial Spreading in Zebrafish Gastrulation.” <i>Science</i>. American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143</a>.
  ieee: M. Behrndt <i>et al.</i>, “Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish
    gastrulation,” <i>Science</i>, vol. 338, no. 6104. American Association for the
    Advancement of Science, pp. 257–260, 2012.
  ista: Behrndt M, Salbreux G, Campinho P, Hauschild R, Oswald F, Roensch J, Grill
    S, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2012. Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation.
    Science. 338(6104), 257–260.
  mla: Behrndt, Martin, et al. “Forces Driving Epithelial Spreading in Zebrafish Gastrulation.”
    <i>Science</i>, vol. 338, no. 6104, American Association for the Advancement of
    Science, 2012, pp. 257–60, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143">10.1126/science.1224143</a>.
  short: M. Behrndt, G. Salbreux, P. Campinho, R. Hauschild, F. Oswald, J. Roensch,
    S. Grill, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Science 338 (2012) 257–260.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:30Z
date_published: 2012-10-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-29T10:07:18Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: CaHe
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1126/science.1224143
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000309712300046'
  pmid:
  - '23066079'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224143
intvolume: '       338'
isi: 1
issue: '6104'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 257 - 260
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 252ABD0A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: I930-B20
  name: Control of Epithelial Cell Layer Spreading in Zebrafish
publication: Science
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
publist_id: '3778'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '1403'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Forces driving epithelial spreading in zebrafish gastrulation
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 338
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '9943'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Segmentation is the process of partitioning digital images into meaningful
    regions. The analysis of biological high content images often requires segmentation
    as a first step. We propose ilastik as an easy-to-use tool which allows the user
    without expertise in image processing to perform segmentation and classification
    in a unified way. ilastik learns from labels provided by the user through a convenient
    mouse interface. Based on these labels, ilastik infers a problem specific segmentation.
    A random forest classifier is used in the learning step, in which each pixel's
    neighborhood is characterized by a set of generic (nonlinear) features. ilastik
    supports up to three spatial plus one spectral dimension and makes use of all
    dimensions in the feature calculation. ilastik provides realtime feedback that
    enables the user to interactively refine the segmentation result and hence further
    fine-tune the classifier. An uncertainty measure guides the user to ambiguous
    regions in the images. Real time performance is achieved by multi-threading which
    fully exploits the capabilities of modern multi-core machines. Once a classifier
    has been trained on a set of representative images, it can be exported and used
    to automatically process a very large number of images (e.g. using the CellProfiler
    pipeline). ilastik is an open source project and released under the BSD license
    at www.ilastik.org.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christoph M
  full_name: Sommer, Christoph M
  id: 4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sommer
  orcid: 0000-0003-1216-9105
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Straehle, Christoph
  last_name: Straehle
- first_name: Ullrich
  full_name: Köthe, Ullrich
  last_name: Köthe
- first_name: Fred A.
  full_name: Hamprecht, Fred A.
  last_name: Hamprecht
citation:
  ama: 'Sommer CM, Straehle C, Köthe U, Hamprecht FA. Ilastik: Interactive learning
    and segmentation toolkit. In: <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical
    Imaging: From Nano to Micro</i>. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers;
    2011. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394">10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>'
  apa: 'Sommer, C. M., Straehle, C., Köthe, U., &#38; Hamprecht, F. A. (2011). Ilastik:
    Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit. In <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium
    on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro</i>. Chicago, Illinois, USA: Institute
    of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394">https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>'
  chicago: 'Sommer, Christoph M, Christoph Straehle, Ullrich Köthe, and Fred A. Hamprecht.
    “Ilastik: Interactive Learning and Segmentation Toolkit.” In <i>2011 IEEE International
    Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Micro</i>. Institute of Electrical
    and Electronics Engineers, 2011. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394">https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. M. Sommer, C. Straehle, U. Köthe, and F. A. Hamprecht, “Ilastik: Interactive
    learning and segmentation toolkit,” in <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on
    Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to Micro</i>, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2011.'
  ista: 'Sommer CM, Straehle C, Köthe U, Hamprecht FA. 2011. Ilastik: Interactive
    learning and segmentation toolkit. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical
    Imaging: from Nano to Micro. ISBI: International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging.'
  mla: 'Sommer, Christoph M., et al. “Ilastik: Interactive Learning and Segmentation
    Toolkit.” <i>2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano
    to Micro</i>, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394">10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394</a>.'
  short: 'C.M. Sommer, C. Straehle, U. Köthe, F.A. Hamprecht, in:, 2011 IEEE International
    Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Micro, Institute of Electrical and
    Electronics Engineers, 2011.'
conference:
  end_date: 2011-04-02
  location: Chicago, Illinois, USA
  name: 'ISBI: International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging'
  start_date: 2011-03-30
date_created: 2021-08-19T11:49:58Z
date_published: 2011-06-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T14:13:38Z
day: '09'
department:
- _id: Bio
doi: 10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394
extern: '1'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872394
keyword:
- image segmentation
- biomedical imaging
- three dimensional displays
- neurons
- retina
- observers
- image color analysis
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224241106_Ilastik_Interactive_learning_and_segmentation_toolkit
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: '2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from Nano to
  Micro'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1945-8452
  isbn:
  - 978-1-4244-4127-3
  issn:
  - 1945-7928
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Ilastik: Interactive learning and segmentation toolkit'
type: conference
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '4157'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Integrin- and cadherin-mediated adhesion is central for cell and tissue morphogenesis,
    allowing cells and tissues to change shape without loosing integrity. Studies
    predominantly in cell culture showed that mechanosensation through adhesion structures
    is achieved by force-mediated modulation of their molecular composition. The specific
    molecular composition of adhesion sites in turn determines their signalling activity
    and dynamic reorganization. Here, we will review how adhesion sites respond to
    mecanical stimuli, and how spatially and temporally regulated signalling from
    different adhesion sites controls cell migration and tissue morphogenesis.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Ekaterina
  full_name: Papusheva, Ekaterina
  id: 41DB591E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Papusheva
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: 'Papusheva E, Heisenberg C-PJ. Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent
    regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis. <i>EMBO Journal</i>. 2010;29(16):2753-2768.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182">10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>'
  apa: 'Papusheva, E., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2010). Spatial organization of
    adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis. <i>EMBO
    Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182">https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>'
  chicago: 'Papusheva, Ekaterina, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Spatial Organization
    of Adhesion: Force-Dependent Regulation and Function in Tissue Morphogenesis.”
    <i>EMBO Journal</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182">https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>.'
  ieee: 'E. Papusheva and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Spatial organization of adhesion:
    force-dependent regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis,” <i>EMBO Journal</i>,
    vol. 29, no. 16. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 2753–2768, 2010.'
  ista: 'Papusheva E, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2010. Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent
    regulation and function in tissue morphogenesis. EMBO Journal. 29(16), 2753–2768.'
  mla: 'Papusheva, Ekaterina, and Carl-Philipp J. Heisenberg. “Spatial Organization
    of Adhesion: Force-Dependent Regulation and Function in Tissue Morphogenesis.”
    <i>EMBO Journal</i>, vol. 29, no. 16, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 2753–68, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182">10.1038/emboj.2010.182</a>.'
  short: E. Papusheva, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, EMBO Journal 29 (2010) 2753–2768.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:17Z
date_published: 2010-08-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T09:29:30Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: Bio
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1038/emboj.2010.182
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000281006400009'
  pmid:
  - '20717145'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2010.182
intvolume: '        29'
isi: 1
issue: '16'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2924654/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 2753 - 2768
pmid: 1
publication: EMBO Journal
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1962'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Spatial organization of adhesion: force-dependent regulation and function
  in tissue morphogenesis'
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 29
year: '2010'
...