[{"month":"11","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["550"],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","date_updated":"2025-09-09T13:29:45Z","doi":"10.1029/2022ms003391","date_created":"2023-11-20T09:18:21Z","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"type":"journal_article","tmp":{"short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1942-2466"]},"citation":{"short":"B. Khouider, B.B. GOSWAMI, R. Phani, A.J. Majda, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15 (2023).","chicago":"Khouider, B., BIDYUT B GOSWAMI, R. Phani, and A. J. Majda. “A Shallow‐deep Unified Stochastic Mass Flux Cumulus Parameterization in the Single Column Community Climate Model.” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391</a>.","ista":"Khouider B, GOSWAMI BB, Phani R, Majda AJ. 2023. A shallow‐deep unified stochastic mass flux cumulus parameterization in the single column community climate model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 15(11), e2022MS003391.","mla":"Khouider, B., et al. “A Shallow‐deep Unified Stochastic Mass Flux Cumulus Parameterization in the Single Column Community Climate Model.” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 15, no. 11, e2022MS003391, American Geophysical Union, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391\">10.1029/2022ms003391</a>.","ieee":"B. Khouider, B. B. GOSWAMI, R. Phani, and A. J. Majda, “A shallow‐deep unified stochastic mass flux cumulus parameterization in the single column community climate model,” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 15, no. 11. American Geophysical Union, 2023.","apa":"Khouider, B., GOSWAMI, B. B., Phani, R., &#38; Majda, A. J. (2023). A shallow‐deep unified stochastic mass flux cumulus parameterization in the single column community climate model. <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391</a>","ama":"Khouider B, GOSWAMI BB, Phani R, Majda AJ. A shallow‐deep unified stochastic mass flux cumulus parameterization in the single column community climate model. <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. 2023;15(11). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003391\">10.1029/2022ms003391</a>"},"oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","day":"01","file":[{"checksum":"e30329dd985559de0ddc7021ca7382b4","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2023-11-20T11:29:16Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-11-20T11:29:16Z","file_size":6435697,"file_name":"2023_JAMES_Khoulder.pdf","file_id":"14582","access_level":"open_access","success":1}],"file_date_updated":"2023-11-20T11:29:16Z","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2023","isi":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Khouider, B.","first_name":"B.","last_name":"Khouider"},{"full_name":"GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B","id":"3a4ac09c-6d61-11ec-bf66-884cde66b64b","last_name":"GOSWAMI","orcid":"0000-0001-8602-3083","first_name":"BIDYUT B"},{"full_name":"Phani, R.","last_name":"Phani","first_name":"R."},{"first_name":"A. J.","last_name":"Majda","full_name":"Majda, A. J."}],"title":"A shallow‐deep unified stochastic mass flux cumulus parameterization in the single column community climate model","date_published":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","issue":"11","article_number":"e2022MS003391","external_id":{"isi":["001106311000001"]},"quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["General Earth and Planetary Sciences","Environmental Chemistry","Global and Planetary Change"],"_id":"14564","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","volume":15,"publication":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","abstract":[{"text":"Cumulus parameterization (CP) in state‐of‐the‐art global climate models is based on the quasi‐equilibrium assumption (QEA), which views convection as the action of an ensemble of cumulus clouds, in a state of equilibrium with respect to a slowly varying atmospheric state. This view is not compatible with the organization and dynamical interactions across multiple scales of cloud systems in the tropics and progress in this research area was slow over decades despite the widely recognized major shortcomings. Novel ideas on how to represent key physical processes of moist convection‐large‐scale interaction to overcome the QEA have surged recently. The stochastic multicloud model (SMCM) CP in particular mimics the dynamical interactions of multiple cloud types that characterize organized tropical convection. Here, the SMCM is used to modify the Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) CP by changing the way in which the bulk mass flux and bulk entrainment and detrainment rates are calculated. This is done by introducing a stochastic ensemble of plumes characterized by randomly varying detrainment level distributions based on the cloud area fraction of the SMCM. The SMCM is here extended to include shallow cumulus clouds resulting in a unified shallow‐deep CP. The new stochastic multicloud plume CP is validated against the control ZM scheme in the context of the single column Community Climate Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research using data from both tropical ocean and midlatitude land convection. Some key features of the SMCM CP such as it capability to represent the tri‐modal nature of organized convection are emphasized.","lang":"eng"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","status":"public","intvolume":"        15","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"The research of B.K. is supported in part by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-04246-2020). This research was conducted during the visits of P.M. Krishna to the Center for Prototype Climate Models at NYU Abu Dhabi and University of Victoria from November 2018 to June 2019 and July 2019 and October 2019, respectively. The authors are very grateful to the three anonymous reviewers who provided very thoughtful and constructive comments during the review process that helped greatly improve and shape the final version of the manuscript."},{"date_published":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Hwong","first_name":"Yi-Ling","orcid":"0000-0001-9281-3479","id":"1217aa61-4dd1-11ec-9ac3-f2ba3f17ee22","full_name":"Hwong, Yi-Ling"},{"last_name":"Colin","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Colin, M."},{"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Aglas","id":"02eace56-97fc-11ee-b81a-f0939ca85a77","full_name":"Aglas, Philipp"},{"id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","last_name":"Muller","first_name":"Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350"},{"first_name":"S. C.","last_name":"Sherwood","full_name":"Sherwood, S. C."}],"title":"Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests","isi":1,"year":"2023","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"YLH is supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. CJM gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041). YLH and SCS were supported by the Australian Research Council (FL150100035). The authors thank Brian Mapes, David Fuchs and Siwon Song for stimulating and helpful discussions. MC warmly thanks the LMD team in Paris for their assistance with the LMDZ model. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly improved this manuscript.","status":"public","intvolume":"        15","abstract":[{"text":"Two assumptions commonly applied in convection schemes—the diagnostic and quasi-equilibrium assumptions—imply that convective activity (e.g., convective precipitation) is controlled only by the large-scale (macrostate) environment at the time. In contrast, numerical experiments indicate a “memory” or dependence of convection also on its own previous activity whereby subgrid-scale (microstate) structures boost but are also boosted by convection. In this study we investigated this memory by comparing single-column model behavior in two idealized tests previously executed by a cloud-resolving model (CRM). Conventional convection schemes that employ the diagnostic assumption fail to reproduce the CRM behavior. The memory-capable org and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom cold pool schemes partially capture the behavior, but fail to fully exhibit the strong reinforcing feedbacks implied by the CRM. Analysis of this failure suggests that it is because the CRM supports a linear (or superlinear) dependence of the subgrid structure growth rate on the precipitation rate, while the org scheme assumes a sublinear dependence. Among varying versions of the org scheme, the growth rate of the org variable representing subgrid structure is strongly associated with memory strength. These results demonstrate the importance of parameterizing convective memory, and the ability of idealized tests to reveal shortcomings of convection schemes and constrain model structural assumptions.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":15,"publisher":"Wiley","article_processing_charge":"Yes","_id":"14654","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001110801100001"]},"issue":"12","article_number":"e2023MS003726","project":[{"grant_number":"805041","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"14991"}]},"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"ec_funded":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-09T13:35:40Z","date_created":"2023-12-10T23:00:57Z","doi":"10.1029/2023MS003726","corr_author":"1","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["550"],"month":"12","file_date_updated":"2023-12-11T08:08:44Z","file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2023-12-11T08:08:44Z","date_updated":"2023-12-11T08:08:44Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":2783677,"file_name":"2023_JAMES_Hwong.pdf","file_id":"14670","checksum":"4d060b293da3d203de8769e398edf711","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst"}],"day":"01","article_type":"original","oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1942-2466"]},"citation":{"ama":"Hwong Y-L, Colin M, Aglas P, Muller CJ, Sherwood SC. Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests. <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. 2023;15(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726\">10.1029/2023MS003726</a>","mla":"Hwong, Yi-Ling, et al. “Assessing Memory in Convection Schemes Using Idealized Tests.” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 15, no. 12, e2023MS003726, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726\">10.1029/2023MS003726</a>.","ieee":"Y.-L. Hwong, M. Colin, P. Aglas, C. J. Muller, and S. C. Sherwood, “Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests,” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>, vol. 15, no. 12. Wiley, 2023.","apa":"Hwong, Y.-L., Colin, M., Aglas, P., Muller, C. J., &#38; Sherwood, S. C. (2023). Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests. <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726</a>","ista":"Hwong Y-L, Colin M, Aglas P, Muller CJ, Sherwood SC. 2023. Assessing memory in convection schemes using idealized tests. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 15(12), e2023MS003726.","chicago":"Hwong, Yi-Ling, M. Colin, Philipp Aglas, Caroline J Muller, and S. C. Sherwood. “Assessing Memory in Convection Schemes Using Idealized Tests.” <i>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003726</a>.","short":"Y.-L. Hwong, M. Colin, P. Aglas, C.J. Muller, S.C. Sherwood, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 15 (2023)."},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"}},{"doi":"10.1029/2023av000880","date_created":"2024-01-08T13:07:49Z","date_updated":"2025-09-09T14:13:05Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["550"],"month":"06","project":[{"grant_number":"805041","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate"}],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"ec_funded":1,"oa":1,"scopus_import":"1","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2576-604X"]},"citation":{"ama":"Fildier B, Muller CJ, Pincus R, Fueglistaler S. How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes. <i>AGU Advances</i>. 2023;4(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880\">10.1029/2023av000880</a>","mla":"Fildier, B., et al. “How Moisture Shapes Low‐level Radiative Cooling in Subsidence Regimes.” <i>AGU Advances</i>, vol. 4, no. 3, e2023AV000880, American Geophysical Union, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880\">10.1029/2023av000880</a>.","apa":"Fildier, B., Muller, C. J., Pincus, R., &#38; Fueglistaler, S. (2023). How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes. <i>AGU Advances</i>. American Geophysical Union. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880</a>","ieee":"B. Fildier, C. J. Muller, R. Pincus, and S. Fueglistaler, “How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes,” <i>AGU Advances</i>, vol. 4, no. 3. American Geophysical Union, 2023.","short":"B. Fildier, C.J. Muller, R. Pincus, S. Fueglistaler, AGU Advances 4 (2023).","ista":"Fildier B, Muller CJ, Pincus R, Fueglistaler S. 2023. How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes. AGU Advances. 4(3), e2023AV000880.","chicago":"Fildier, B., Caroline J Muller, R. Pincus, and S. Fueglistaler. “How Moisture Shapes Low‐level Radiative Cooling in Subsidence Regimes.” <i>AGU Advances</i>. American Geophysical Union, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023av000880</a>."},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"file_date_updated":"2024-01-09T08:51:25Z","file":[{"file_id":"14761","file_name":"2023_AGUAdvances_Fildier.pdf","file_size":24149551,"date_updated":"2024-01-09T08:51:25Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2024-01-09T08:51:25Z","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"af773220a9fa194c61a8dc2fae092c16","success":1,"access_level":"open_access"}],"day":"01","article_type":"original","isi":1,"year":"2023","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"full_name":"Fildier, B.","last_name":"Fildier","first_name":"B."},{"first_name":"Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","last_name":"Muller","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b"},{"full_name":"Pincus, R.","last_name":"Pincus","first_name":"R."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Fueglistaler","full_name":"Fueglistaler, S."}],"title":"How moisture shapes low‐level radiative cooling in subsidence regimes","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","_id":"14752","quality_controlled":"1","keyword":["General Earth and Planetary Sciences"],"external_id":{"isi":["000989037900001"]},"issue":"3","article_number":"e2023AV000880","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviews and gratefully acknowledge diverse funding agencies and resources used for this work. B.F. and C.M. thank funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, grant agreement no. 805041), and the EUREC4A campaign organizers for giving the opportunity to take part to the campaign and use the data early on. R. P. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (award AGS 19–16908), by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (award NA200AR4310375), and the Vetlesen Foundation.","intvolume":"         4","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Radiative cooling of the lowest atmospheric levels is of strong importance for modulating atmospheric circulations and organizing convection, but detailed observations and a robust theoretical understanding are lacking. Here we use unprecedented observational constraints from subsidence regimes in the tropical Atlantic to develop a theory for the shape and magnitude of low‐level longwave radiative cooling in clear‐sky, showing peaks larger than 5–10 K/day at the top of the boundary layer. A suite of novel scaling approximations is first developed from simplified spectral theory, in close agreement with the measurements. The radiative cooling peak height is set by the maximum lapse rate in water vapor path, and its magnitude is mainly controlled by the ratio of column relative humidity above and below the peak. We emphasize how elevated intrusions of moist air can reduce low‐level cooling, by sporadically shading the spectral range which effectively cools to space. The efficiency of this spectral shading depends both on water content and altitude of moist intrusions; its height dependence cannot be explained by the temperature difference between the emitting and absorbing layers, but by the decrease of water vapor extinction with altitude. This analytical work can help to narrow the search for low‐level cloud patterns sensitive to radiative‐convective feedbacks: the most organized patterns with largest cloud fractions occur in atmospheres below 10% relative humidity and feel the strongest low‐level cooling. This motivates further assessment of favorable conditions for radiative‐convective feedbacks and a robust quantification of corresponding shallow cloud dynamics in current and warmer climates."}],"publication":"AGU Advances","volume":4},{"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"ddc":["550"],"oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"05","date_updated":"2026-06-18T17:38:37Z","date_created":"2024-01-10T09:18:04Z","doi":"10.1063/pt.3.5234","day":"01","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1945-0699"],"issn":["0031-9228"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234","citation":{"short":"C.J. Muller, S. Abramian, Physics Today 76 (2023).","chicago":"Muller, Caroline J, and Sophie Abramian. “The Cloud Dynamics of Convective Storm Systems.” <i>Physics Today</i>. AIP Publishing, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234\">https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234</a>.","ista":"Muller CJ, Abramian S. 2023. The cloud dynamics of convective storm systems. Physics Today. 76(5), 28.","ieee":"C. J. Muller and S. Abramian, “The cloud dynamics of convective storm systems,” <i>Physics Today</i>, vol. 76, no. 5. AIP Publishing, 2023.","mla":"Muller, Caroline J., and Sophie Abramian. “The Cloud Dynamics of Convective Storm Systems.” <i>Physics Today</i>, vol. 76, no. 5, 28, AIP Publishing, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234\">10.1063/pt.3.5234</a>.","apa":"Muller, C. J., &#38; Abramian, S. (2023). The cloud dynamics of convective storm systems. <i>Physics Today</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234\">https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234</a>","ama":"Muller CJ, Abramian S. The cloud dynamics of convective storm systems. <i>Physics Today</i>. 2023;76(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5234\">10.1063/pt.3.5234</a>"},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.lmd.ens.fr/muller/Pubs/2023-MullerAbramianPhysToday.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","last_name":"Muller","first_name":"Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350"},{"last_name":"Abramian","first_name":"Sophie","full_name":"Abramian, Sophie"}],"title":"The cloud dynamics of convective storm systems","date_published":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","publication_status":"published","isi":1,"volume":76,"publication":"Physics Today","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Through a combination of idealized simulations and real-world data, researchers are uncovering how internal feedbacks and large-scale motions influence cloud dynamics."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","intvolume":"        76","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy"],"quality_controlled":"1","issue":"5","article_number":"28","external_id":{"isi":["000984516100007"]},"publisher":"AIP Publishing","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"14773"},{"page":"179-193","date_published":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","type":"book_chapter","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Haerter, Jan O.","last_name":"Haerter","first_name":"Jan O."},{"full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","first_name":"Caroline J","last_name":"Muller"}],"title":"Mechanisms for the Self‐Organization of Tropical Deep Convection","doi":"10.1002/9781119700357.ch8","date_updated":"2024-10-09T21:07:59Z","date_created":"2024-01-22T08:23:16Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2023","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"None","publication_status":"published","month":"12","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Organization – or departure from a random pattern – in tropical deep convection is heavily studied due to its immediate relevance to climate sensitivity and extremes. Low-latitude convection has motivated numerical model idealizations, where the Coriolis force is removed and boundary conditions are simplified spatially and temporally. One of the most stunning aspects of such idealized simulated cloud organization is the spontaneous clumping of convection that can occur without any predetermining external perturbation, such as inhomogeneous surface boundary conditions or large-scale waves. Whereas individual convective rain cells measure only few kilometers in horizontal diameter, the clusters they form can often span hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. Hence, organization may emerge from the very small scales but can show effects at the synoptic scale. We refer to such emergent organization as convective self-organization. Convective self-organization thus features characteristics of emergence, such as non-trivial system-scale pattern formation or hysteresis. We summarize observational evidence for large-scale organization and briefly recap classical idealized modeling studies that yield convective self-aggregation – emergent organization under strongly idealized boundary conditions. We then focus on developing research, where temporal variation, such as the diurnal cycle, or two-way interactive surface properties yield distinct organizational modes. Convectively generated cold pools and mesoscale convective systems, both ubiquitous in nature, are thereby found to potentially play key roles in promoting – rather than suppressing – sustained system-scale organization.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"15","publication":"Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts","publisher":"Wiley","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"14853","alternative_title":["Geophysical Monograph Series"],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2328-8779"],"isbn":["9781119700319"],"eisbn":["9781119700357"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119700357.ch8","citation":{"chicago":"Haerter, Jan O., and Caroline J Muller. “Mechanisms for the Self‐Organization of Tropical Deep Convection.” In <i>Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts</i>, edited by Sylvia Sullivan and Corinna Hoose, 179–93. 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Roca, V. De Meyer, C.J. Muller, Geophysical Research Letters 49 (2022).","chicago":"Roca, Rémy, Victorien De Meyer, and Caroline J Muller. “Precipitating Fraction, Not Intensity, Explains Extreme Coarse-Grained Precipitation Clausius-Clapeyron Scaling with Sea Surface Temperature over Tropical Oceans.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. Wiley, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100624\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100624</a>.","ista":"Roca R, De Meyer V, Muller CJ. 2022. Precipitating fraction, not intensity, explains extreme coarse-grained precipitation Clausius-Clapeyron scaling with sea surface temperature over tropical oceans. 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Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100624\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100624</a>","ama":"Roca R, De Meyer V, Muller CJ. Precipitating fraction, not intensity, explains extreme coarse-grained precipitation Clausius-Clapeyron scaling with sea surface temperature over tropical oceans. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. 2022;49(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100624\">10.1029/2022GL100624</a>"},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"scopus_import":"1","oa":1,"day":"28","article_type":"letter_note","file_date_updated":"2023-01-20T10:52:31Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"checksum":"2c6325cea8938adeea7e3a6f5c2ab64e","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-01-20T10:52:31Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2023-01-20T10:52:31Z","file_id":"12326","file_name":"2022_GeophysicalResearchLetters_Roca.pdf","file_size":875379}],"has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2022","publication_status":"published","isi":1,"title":"Precipitating fraction, not intensity, explains extreme coarse-grained precipitation Clausius-Clapeyron scaling with sea surface temperature over tropical oceans","author":[{"full_name":"Roca, Rémy","first_name":"Rémy","last_name":"Roca"},{"full_name":"De Meyer, Victorien","last_name":"De Meyer","first_name":"Victorien"},{"last_name":"Muller","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","first_name":"Caroline J","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b"}],"date_published":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"e2022GL100624","issue":"24","external_id":{"isi":["000924587900001"]},"publisher":"Wiley","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"12107","volume":49,"publication":"Geophysical Research Letters","abstract":[{"text":"The sensitivity of coarse-grained daily extreme precipitation to sea surface temperature is analyzed using satellite precipitation estimates over the 300–302.5 K range. A theoretical scaling is proposed, linking changes in coarse-grained precipitation to changes in fine-scale hourly precipitation area fraction and changes in conditional fine-scale precipitation rates. The analysis reveals that the extreme coarse-grained precipitation scaling with temperature (∼7%/K) is dominated by the fine-scale precipitating fraction scaling (∼6.5%/K) when using a 3 mm/h fine-scale threshold to delineate the precipitating fraction. These results are shown to be robust to the selection of the precipitation product and to the percentile used to characterize the extreme. This new coarse-grained scaling is further related to the well-known scaling for fine-scale precipitation extremes, and suggests a compensation between thermodynamic and dynamic contributions or that both contributions are small with respect to that of fractional coverage. These results suggest that processes responsible for the changes in fractional coverage are to be accounted for to assess the sensitivity of coarse-grained extreme daily precipitation to surface temperature.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        49","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","acknowledgement":"We thank S. Cloché for her support with the handling of these various data sets. This study benefited from the IPSL mesocenter ESPRI facility which is supported by CNRS, UPMC, Labex L-IPSL, CNES and Ecole Polytechnique. We thank Rômulo A. Jucá Oliveira and Thomas\r\nFiolleau for helpful discussions on satellite data and precipitation. The authors acknowledge the CNES and CNRS support under the Megha-Tropiques program. C.M. gratefully acknowledges\r\nfunding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Project CLUSTER, Grant agreement 805041). We further\r\nthank the reviewers for their insightful comments that improved the paper."},{"publication":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":49,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, Grant Agreement No. 805041), and from the PhD fellowship of Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay. Two supplementary movies are also provided showing the angle detection method and the squall line of the Usfc = 10 m s−1 simulation.","status":"public","intvolume":"        49","abstract":[{"text":"Squall lines are known to be the consequence of the interaction of low-level shear with cold pools associated with convective downdrafts. Also, as the magnitude of the shear increases beyond a critical shear, squall lines tend to orient themselves. The existing literature suggests that this orientation reduces incoming wind shear to the squall line, and maintains equilibrium between wind shear and cold pool spreading. Although this theory is widely accepted, very few quantitative studies have been conducted on supercritical regime especially. Here, we test this hypothesis with tropical squall lines obtained by imposing a vertical wind shear in cloud resolving simulations in radiative convective equilibrium. In the sub-critical regime, squall lines are perpendicular to the shear. In the super-critical regime, their orientation maintain the equilibrium, supporting existing theories. We also find that as shear increases, cold pools become more intense. However, this intensification has little impact on squall line orientation.","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["35865077"],"isi":["000743989800040"]},"issue":"1","article_number":"e2021GL095184","publisher":"Wiley","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"10653","author":[{"last_name":"Abramian","first_name":"Sophie","full_name":"Abramian, Sophie"},{"last_name":"Muller","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","first_name":"Caroline J","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b"},{"first_name":"Camille","last_name":"Risi","full_name":"Risi, Camille"}],"title":"Shear-convection interactions and orientation of tropical squall lines","date_published":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","year":"2022","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","isi":1,"day":"16","article_type":"original","file_date_updated":"2022-01-24T12:14:41Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"checksum":"08f88b57b8e409b42e382452cd5f297b","creator":"cchlebak","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2022-01-24T12:14:41Z","date_updated":"2022-01-24T12:14:41Z","file_id":"10662","file_name":"2022_GeophysResearchLet_Abramian.pdf","file_size":1117408}],"citation":{"short":"S. Abramian, C.J. Muller, C. Risi, Geophysical Research Letters 49 (2022).","chicago":"Abramian, Sophie, Caroline J Muller, and Camille Risi. “Shear-Convection Interactions and Orientation of Tropical Squall Lines.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. Wiley, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184</a>.","ista":"Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C. 2022. Shear-convection interactions and orientation of tropical squall lines. Geophysical Research Letters. 49(1), e2021GL095184.","ieee":"S. Abramian, C. J. Muller, and C. Risi, “Shear-convection interactions and orientation of tropical squall lines,” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 49, no. 1. Wiley, 2022.","mla":"Abramian, Sophie, et al. “Shear-Convection Interactions and Orientation of Tropical Squall Lines.” <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, vol. 49, no. 1, e2021GL095184, Wiley, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184\">10.1029/2021GL095184</a>.","apa":"Abramian, S., Muller, C. J., &#38; Risi, C. (2022). Shear-convection interactions and orientation of tropical squall lines. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184\">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184</a>","ama":"Abramian S, Muller CJ, Risi C. Shear-convection interactions and orientation of tropical squall lines. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. 2022;49(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184\">10.1029/2021GL095184</a>"},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095184","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0094-8276"],"eissn":["1944-8007"]},"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"scopus_import":"1","oa":1,"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"ec_funded":1,"project":[{"grant_number":"805041","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"earlier_version","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507697.1"}]},"pmid":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["550"],"month":"01","date_updated":"2025-04-14T07:58:00Z","doi":"10.1029/2021GL095184","date_created":"2022-01-23T23:01:27Z"},{"isi":1,"publication_status":"published","year":"2022","date_published":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"id":"f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b","full_name":"Muller, Caroline J","orcid":"0000-0001-5836-5350","first_name":"Caroline J","last_name":"Muller"},{"first_name":"Da","last_name":"Yang","full_name":"Yang, Da"},{"full_name":"Craig, George","last_name":"Craig","first_name":"George"},{"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Cronin","full_name":"Cronin, Timothy"},{"full_name":"Fildier, Benjamin","last_name":"Fildier","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"last_name":"Haerter","first_name":"Jan O.","full_name":"Haerter, Jan O."},{"full_name":"Hohenegger, Cathy","first_name":"Cathy","last_name":"Hohenegger"},{"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Mapes","full_name":"Mapes, Brian"},{"first_name":"David","last_name":"Randall","full_name":"Randall, David"},{"full_name":"Shamekh, Sara","first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Shamekh"},{"first_name":"Steven C.","last_name":"Sherwood","full_name":"Sherwood, Steven C."}],"title":"Spontaneous aggregation of convective storms","_id":"10656","publisher":"Annual Reviews","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"isi":["000794152800006"]},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","intvolume":"        54","acknowledgement":"C.M. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project CLUSTER, grant agreement 805041). She also thanks Grand Équipement National de Calcul Intensif (GENCI), France, for providing access to their computing platforms at Très Grand Centre de Calcul (TGCC). J.O.H. gratefully acknowledges funding from the Villum Foundation (grant 13168), the ERC under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant 771859), and the Novo Nordisk Foundation's Interdisciplinary Synergy Program (grant NNF19OC0057374). G.C. gratefully acknowledges the support of the transregional collaborative research center (SFB/TRR 165) “Waves to Weather” (http://www.wavestoweather.de) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). D.Y. is supported by a Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering, the France–Berkeley Fund, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program under award DE-AC02-05CH11231.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Idealized simulations of the tropical atmosphere have predicted that clouds can spontaneously clump together in space, despite perfectly homogeneous settings. This phenomenon has been called self-aggregation, and it results in a state where a moist cloudy region with intense deep convective storms is surrounded by extremely dry subsiding air devoid of deep clouds. We review here the main findings from theoretical work and idealized models of this phenomenon, highlighting the physical processes believed to play a key role in convective self-aggregation. We also review the growing literature on the importance and implications of this phenomenon for the tropical atmosphere, notably, for the hydrological cycle and for precipitation extremes, in our current and in a warming climate."}],"publication":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics","volume":54,"date_updated":"2026-07-28T11:59:03Z","date_created":"2022-01-23T23:01:29Z","doi":"10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319","month":"01","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","ddc":["550"],"project":[{"grant_number":"805041","_id":"629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical  cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate"}],"page":"133-157","department":[{"_id":"CaMu"}],"ec_funded":1,"type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319","citation":{"ieee":"C. J. Muller <i>et al.</i>, “Spontaneous aggregation of convective storms,” <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>, vol. 54. Annual Reviews, pp. 133–157, 2022.","mla":"Muller, Caroline J., et al. “Spontaneous Aggregation of Convective Storms.” <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>, vol. 54, Annual Reviews, 2022, pp. 133–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319\">10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319</a>.","apa":"Muller, C. J., Yang, D., Craig, G., Cronin, T., Fildier, B., Haerter, J. O., … Sherwood, S. C. (2022). Spontaneous aggregation of convective storms. <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>. Annual Reviews. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319\">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319</a>","ama":"Muller CJ, Yang D, Craig G, et al. Spontaneous aggregation of convective storms. <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>. 2022;54:133-157. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319\">10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319</a>","short":"C.J. Muller, D. Yang, G. Craig, T. Cronin, B. Fildier, J.O. Haerter, C. Hohenegger, B. Mapes, D. Randall, S. Shamekh, S.C. Sherwood, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 54 (2022) 133–157.","chicago":"Muller, Caroline J, Da Yang, George Craig, Timothy Cronin, Benjamin Fildier, Jan O. Haerter, Cathy Hohenegger, et al. “Spontaneous Aggregation of Convective Storms.” <i>Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics</i>. Annual Reviews, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319\">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-022421-011319</a>.","ista":"Muller CJ, Yang D, Craig G, Cronin T, Fildier B, Haerter JO, Hohenegger C, Mapes B, Randall D, Shamekh S, Sherwood SC. 2022. Spontaneous aggregation of convective storms. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 54, 133–157."},"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1545-4479"],"issn":["0066-4189"]},"article_type":"original","OA_type":"free access","day":"01"}]