---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '21721'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Swimming bacteria move through a fluid by actuating their moving body parts.
They are force-free and can be described as hydrodynamic force dipoles: pushers
or pullers. This modelling description is broadly used in biological physics and
active matter research, and it has successfully predicted, for example, the superfluid
behaviour of suspensions of pushers or the bend instability and emergence of turbulent
flows in active nematics. However, this description accounts only for the translational
motion of the swimming body and neglects the effects of hydrodynamic torque dipoles,
which are relevant to bacteria with rotary motor-driven flagella, such as swimming
Escherichia coli. Here we show that the torque dipole of confined swimming E.
coli can power the persistent rotation of symmetric discs. The torque dipole leads
to a traction force on the discs, an additive mechanism that is both contactless
and independent of the orientation of the bacteria. Our results indicate that
the torque dipole of swimming E. coli is notable in confined geometries, which
is relevant to bacterial transport through porous materials, biofilms and the
development of chiral fluids.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: EM-Fac
acknowledgement: We thank E. Krasnopeeva for help with the bacterial culture, motility
and genetic engineering. We thank Q. Martinet for help with the experimental design,
F. Pertl for atomic force microscopy measurements and S. Hajek for the scanning
electron microscopy imaging. This project has received funding from the European
Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation
programme (VULCAN, 101086998). The views and opinions expressed are, however, those
of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or
the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the
granting authority can be held responsible for them. J.P. thanks the Nanofabrication
and Electron Microscopy Shared Scientific Units of ISTA for support. Open access
funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel B
full_name: Grober, Daniel B
id: c692f879-718d-11ee-81f0-da7caa79c783
last_name: Grober
- first_name: Tanumoy
full_name: Dhar, Tanumoy
last_name: Dhar
- first_name: David
full_name: Saintillan, David
last_name: Saintillan
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
ama: Grober DB, Dhar T, Saintillan D, Palacci JA. The hydrodynamic torque dipole
from rotary bacterial flagella powers symmetric discs. Nature Physics.
2026. doi:10.1038/s41567-026-03189-4
apa: Grober, D. B., Dhar, T., Saintillan, D., & Palacci, J. A. (2026). The hydrodynamic
torque dipole from rotary bacterial flagella powers symmetric discs. Nature
Physics. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03189-4
chicago: Grober, Daniel B, Tanumoy Dhar, David Saintillan, and Jérémie A Palacci.
“The Hydrodynamic Torque Dipole from Rotary Bacterial Flagella Powers Symmetric
Discs.” Nature Physics. Springer Nature, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03189-4.
ieee: D. B. Grober, T. Dhar, D. Saintillan, and J. A. Palacci, “The hydrodynamic
torque dipole from rotary bacterial flagella powers symmetric discs,” Nature
Physics. Springer Nature, 2026.
ista: Grober DB, Dhar T, Saintillan D, Palacci JA. 2026. The hydrodynamic torque
dipole from rotary bacterial flagella powers symmetric discs. Nature Physics.
mla: Grober, Daniel B., et al. “The Hydrodynamic Torque Dipole from Rotary Bacterial
Flagella Powers Symmetric Discs.” Nature Physics, Springer Nature, 2026,
doi:10.1038/s41567-026-03189-4.
short: D.B. Grober, T. Dhar, D. Saintillan, J.A. Palacci, Nature Physics (2026).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2026-04-12T22:01:51Z
date_published: 2026-03-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-16T06:20:23Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1038/s41567-026-03189-4
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-026-03189-4
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bdac72da-d553-11ed-ba76-eae56e802b74
grant_number: '101086998'
name: 'VULCAN: matter, powered from within'
publication: Nature Physics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1745-2481
issn:
- 1745-2473
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The hydrodynamic torque dipole from rotary bacterial flagella powers symmetric
discs
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2026'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '19998'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: nspired by Richard Feynman’s 1959 lecture and the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage,
the field of micro/nanorobots has evolved from science fiction to reality, with
significant advancements in biomedical and environmental applications. Despite
the rapid progress, the deployment of functional micro/nanorobots remains limited.
This review of the technology roadmap identifies key challenges hindering their
widespread use, focusing on propulsion mechanisms, fundamental theoretical aspects,
collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence. We explore the
current state of micro/nanorobot technology, with an emphasis on applications
in biomedicine, environmental remediation, analytical sensing, and other industrial
technological aspects. Additionally, we analyze issues related to scaling up production,
commercialization, and regulatory frameworks that are crucial for transitioning
from research to practical applications. We also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary
collaboration to address both technical and nontechnical challenges, such as sustainability,
ethics, and business considerations. Finally, we propose a roadmap for future
research to accelerate the development of micro/nanorobots, positioning them as
essential tools for addressing grand challenges and enhancing the quality of life.
acknowledgement: 'The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does
not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. Martin Pumera
acknowledges the financial support of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (EXPRO:
25-15484X). Xiaohui Ju, Xia Peng and Cagatay M. Oral acknowledge ERDF/ESF project
TECHSCALE (No. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004587) for financial support. Xiaohui Ju
acknowledges the financial support from Czech Grant Agency GACR standard grant No.
25-15996S. Salvador Pane, Fabian Landers and Semih Sevim acknowledge funding from
the European Union''s Horizon 2020 Proactive Open program under FETPROACT-EIC-05-2019
ANGIE (No. 952152) and the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation
Programme under the EVA project (GA no. 101047081).Li Zhang acknowledges funding
support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) with grant numbers R4015-2,
RFS2122-4S03, and STG1/E-401/23-N. Hamed Shahsavan acknowledges Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Cagatay M. Oral and Hamed Shahsavan
were in part funded by the WIN-CEITEC BUT Joint Seed Funding Program. Qiang He and
Xiankun Lin acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22193033,
U22A20346) and Heilongjiang Provincial Key R&D Program (2022ZX02C23) for providing
financial support. Il-Doo Kim acknowledges the National Research Foundation of Korea
(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2024-00435493). Ramin
Golestanian acknowledges support from the Max Planck School Matter to Life and the
MaxSynBio Consortium which are jointly funded by the Federal Ministry of Education
and Research (BMBF) of Germany and the Max Planck Society. Bradley J. Nelson and
Semih Sevim acknowledge funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation under
SNSF-Sinergia project no. 198643. Raphael Wittkowski is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(DFG, German Research Foundation) − 535275785. Daniel Ahmed acknowledges the support
provided by the European Research Council, as part of the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 853309, SONOBOTS) and Swiss
National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the SNSF Project funding MINT 2022 grant
agreement No. 213058. Daniel Ahmed also extends thanks to Zhiyuan Zhang, Mahmoud
Medany, and Prajwal Agrawal for helpful discussions. Wei Wang acknowledges the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (T2322006) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology
Program (RCYX20210609103122038). Mariana Medina-Sánchez acknowledges the financial
support received from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program (ERC Starting Grant Nr. 853609), the HORIZON-MSCA-2022-COFUND-101126600-SmartBRAIN3,
and the Grant PID2023-148899OA-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. Maria
Guix acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science (grants
RYC2020-945030119-I and PID2023-151682NA-I00 funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/
and FEDER) and Unidades de Excelencia María de Maeztu 2021 CEX2021-001202-M. Bahareh
Behkam and Naimat Kalim Bari acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation
(CBET-2318093). Naimat Kalim Bari also gratefully acknowledges financial support
from the Virginia Tech Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship. Raymond Kapral acknowledges
the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Giuseppe Battaglia,
Subhadip Ghosh and Bárbara Borges Fernandes thank the European Research Council
ChessTaG grant 769798 (G.B.); Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, Proyectos
I+D+I PID2020-119914RBI00 and Proyectos I+D+I PID2023-149206OB-I00 and the Agencia
de Gestión de Ayudas Universitarias y de Investigación (AGAUR) for the grant SGR
01538 and for SG fellowship (2022 BP 00214). Alexander Leshansky and Konstantin
Morozov acknowledge the support of the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) via grant
no. 2899/21. Alberto Escarpa and Beatriz Jurado Sánchez acknowledge support from
The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [Grant PID2023-152298NB-I00
funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE (A.E, B. J. S), grant TED2021-132720B-I00,
funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR
(A.E, B. J. S); grant CNS2023-144653 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and
the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR] and Junta de Comunidades de Castilla
la Mancha (grant number SBPLY/23/180225/000058). Jeremie Palacci acknowledges support
from the European Union through ERC grant (VULCAN, 101086998). Josep Puigmartí-Luis
acknowledges the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) for the María de Maeztu,
project no. CEX2021-001202-M, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
(Grant No. PID2020-116612RB-C33 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the
Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00270). James D. Nicholas, Jordi Ignés-Mullol,
and Josep Puigmartí-Luis acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe
Research and Innovation Programme under the EVA project (GA no: 101047081). Josep
Puigmartí-Luis and Jordi Ignés-Mullol acknowledge support from the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 Proactive Open program under FETPROACT-EIC-05-2019 ANGIE (No. 952152).
Jordi Ignés-Mullol also acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
(Grant No. PID2022-137713NB-C21 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Lauren
Zarzar and Yutong Liu acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office (Grant
W911NF-18-1-0414). Longqiu Li acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (52125505, U23A20637) for providing financial support. Wyatt Shields acknowledges
support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through a CAREER grant (CBET
2143419). Xing Ma acknowledges the support from Shenzhen Science and Technology
Program (RCJC20231211090000001). David H. Gracias acknowledges support from the
NIH-NIBIB (R01EB017742). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors
and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Samuel Sánchez
acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe research and innovation programmes (grants
agreement No 866348, i-NanoSwarms), the CERCA program by the Generalitat de Catalunya,
the project 2021 SGR 01606, and the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa" (Grant CEX2023-001282-S).
Maria Jose Esplandiu acknowledges the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain
(MICIN) through PID 2021-124568NB-I00 and TED2021-129898B-C21 project. Sarthak Misra
and Antonio Lobosco acknowledge funding from European Research Council (ERC) under
the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Nr. 866494,
project-MAESTRO). Jinxing Li acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation
under Award Nos. CMMI 2323917, ECCS-2216131, ECCS 2339495, ECCS-2334134, NIH NIBIB
Trailblazer R21 Award, and Henry Ford Hospital + MSU Cancer Research Pilot Award.
Ze Xiong acknowledges the financial support from the International S&T Cooperation
Program of Shanghai (24490710900) and the start-up grant from ShanghaiTech University
(2023F0209-000-02). Yongfeng Mei acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (62375054), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
(24520750200, 24CL2900200), and Shanghai Talent Programs. Ayusman Sen thanks the
National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the
Sloan Foundation for their financial support. Abdon Pena-Francesch acknowledges
support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-24-1-0185.
Katherine Villa acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under
the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (GA no. 101076680;
PhotoSwim) and the support from the Spanish Ministry of Science (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
and the European Union (Next generation EU/PRTR) through the Ramón y Cajal grant,
RYC2021-031075-I. Kang Liang acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council
(DP250101401 and FT220100479) and the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Australia
(IIRS-22–104). Jizhai Cui acknowledges the National Key Technologies R&D Program
of China (2022YFA1207000) and Shanghai Rising-Star Program (24QA2700700). Xiang-Zhong
Chen acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52473254) and
the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB35070003)'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Xiaohui
full_name: Ju, Xiaohui
last_name: Ju
- first_name: Chuanrui
full_name: Chen, Chuanrui
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Cagatay M.
full_name: Oral, Cagatay M.
last_name: Oral
- first_name: Semih
full_name: Sevim, Semih
last_name: Sevim
- first_name: Ramin
full_name: Golestanian, Ramin
last_name: Golestanian
- first_name: Mengmeng
full_name: Sun, Mengmeng
last_name: Sun
- first_name: Negin
full_name: Bouzari, Negin
last_name: Bouzari
- first_name: Xiankun
full_name: Lin, Xiankun
last_name: Lin
- first_name: Mario
full_name: Urso, Mario
last_name: Urso
- first_name: Jong Seok
full_name: Nam, Jong Seok
last_name: Nam
- first_name: Yujang
full_name: Cho, Yujang
last_name: Cho
- first_name: Xia
full_name: Peng, Xia
last_name: Peng
- first_name: Fabian C.
full_name: Landers, Fabian C.
last_name: Landers
- first_name: Shihao
full_name: Yang, Shihao
last_name: Yang
- first_name: Azin
full_name: Adibi, Azin
last_name: Adibi
- first_name: Nahid
full_name: Taz, Nahid
last_name: Taz
- first_name: Raphael
full_name: Wittkowski, Raphael
last_name: Wittkowski
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Ahmed, Daniel
last_name: Ahmed
- first_name: Wei
full_name: Wang, Wei
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Veronika
full_name: Magdanz, Veronika
last_name: Magdanz
- first_name: Mariana
full_name: Medina-Sánchez, Mariana
last_name: Medina-Sánchez
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Guix, Maria
last_name: Guix
- first_name: Naimat
full_name: Bari, Naimat
last_name: Bari
- first_name: Bahareh
full_name: Behkam, Bahareh
last_name: Behkam
- first_name: Raymond
full_name: Kapral, Raymond
last_name: Kapral
- first_name: Yaxin
full_name: Huang, Yaxin
last_name: Huang
- first_name: Jinyao
full_name: Tang, Jinyao
last_name: Tang
- first_name: Ben
full_name: Wang, Ben
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Konstantin
full_name: Morozov, Konstantin
last_name: Morozov
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Leshansky, Alexander
last_name: Leshansky
- first_name: Sarmad Ahmad
full_name: Abbasi, Sarmad Ahmad
last_name: Abbasi
- first_name: Hongsoo
full_name: Choi, Hongsoo
last_name: Choi
- first_name: Subhadip
full_name: Ghosh, Subhadip
last_name: Ghosh
- first_name: Bárbara
full_name: Borges Fernandes, Bárbara
last_name: Borges Fernandes
- first_name: Giuseppe
full_name: Battaglia, Giuseppe
last_name: Battaglia
- first_name: Peer
full_name: Fischer, Peer
last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Ambarish
full_name: Ghosh, Ambarish
last_name: Ghosh
- first_name: Beatriz
full_name: Jurado Sánchez, Beatriz
last_name: Jurado Sánchez
- first_name: Alberto
full_name: Escarpa, Alberto
last_name: Escarpa
- first_name: Quentin
full_name: Martinet, Quentin
id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
last_name: Martinet
orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
- first_name: Eric
full_name: Lauga, Eric
last_name: Lauga
- first_name: Jeffrey
full_name: Moran, Jeffrey
last_name: Moran
- first_name: Miguel A.
full_name: Ramos-Docampo, Miguel A.
last_name: Ramos-Docampo
- first_name: Brigitte
full_name: Städler, Brigitte
last_name: Städler
- first_name: Ramón Santiago
full_name: Herrera Restrepo, Ramón Santiago
last_name: Herrera Restrepo
- first_name: Gilad
full_name: Yossifon, Gilad
last_name: Yossifon
- first_name: James D.
full_name: Nicholas, James D.
last_name: Nicholas
- first_name: Jordi
full_name: Ignés-Mullol, Jordi
last_name: Ignés-Mullol
- first_name: Josep
full_name: Puigmartí-Luis, Josep
last_name: Puigmartí-Luis
- first_name: Yutong
full_name: Liu, Yutong
last_name: Liu
- first_name: Lauren D.
full_name: Zarzar, Lauren D.
last_name: Zarzar
- first_name: C. Wyatt
full_name: Shields, C. Wyatt
last_name: Shields
- first_name: Longqiu
full_name: Li, Longqiu
last_name: Li
- first_name: Shanshan
full_name: Li, Shanshan
last_name: Li
- first_name: Xing
full_name: Ma, Xing
last_name: Ma
- first_name: David H.
full_name: Gracias, David H.
last_name: Gracias
- first_name: Orlin
full_name: Velev, Orlin
last_name: Velev
- first_name: Samuel
full_name: Sánchez, Samuel
last_name: Sánchez
- first_name: Maria Jose
full_name: Esplandiu, Maria Jose
last_name: Esplandiu
- first_name: Juliane
full_name: Simmchen, Juliane
last_name: Simmchen
- first_name: Antonio
full_name: Lobosco, Antonio
last_name: Lobosco
- first_name: Sarthak
full_name: Misra, Sarthak
last_name: Misra
- first_name: Zhiguang
full_name: Wu, Zhiguang
last_name: Wu
- first_name: Jinxing
full_name: Li, Jinxing
last_name: Li
- first_name: Alexander
full_name: Kuhn, Alexander
last_name: Kuhn
- first_name: Amir
full_name: Nourhani, Amir
last_name: Nourhani
- first_name: Tijana
full_name: Maric, Tijana
last_name: Maric
- first_name: Ze
full_name: Xiong, Ze
last_name: Xiong
- first_name: Amirreza
full_name: Aghakhani, Amirreza
last_name: Aghakhani
- first_name: Yongfeng
full_name: Mei, Yongfeng
last_name: Mei
- first_name: Yingfeng
full_name: Tu, Yingfeng
last_name: Tu
- first_name: Fei
full_name: Peng, Fei
last_name: Peng
- first_name: Eric
full_name: Diller, Eric
last_name: Diller
- first_name: Mahmut Selman
full_name: Sakar, Mahmut Selman
last_name: Sakar
- first_name: Ayusman
full_name: Sen, Ayusman
last_name: Sen
- first_name: Junhui
full_name: Law, Junhui
last_name: Law
- first_name: Yu
full_name: Sun, Yu
last_name: Sun
- first_name: Abdon
full_name: Pena-Francesch, Abdon
last_name: Pena-Francesch
- first_name: Katherine
full_name: Villa, Katherine
last_name: Villa
- first_name: Huaizhi
full_name: Li, Huaizhi
last_name: Li
- first_name: Donglei Emma
full_name: Fan, Donglei Emma
last_name: Fan
- first_name: Kang
full_name: Liang, Kang
last_name: Liang
- first_name: Tony Jun
full_name: Huang, Tony Jun
last_name: Huang
- first_name: Xiang-Zhong
full_name: Chen, Xiang-Zhong
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Songsong
full_name: Tang, Songsong
last_name: Tang
- first_name: Xueji
full_name: Zhang, Xueji
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Jizhai
full_name: Cui, Jizhai
last_name: Cui
- first_name: Hong
full_name: Wang, Hong
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Wei
full_name: Gao, Wei
last_name: Gao
- first_name: Vineeth
full_name: Kumar Bandari, Vineeth
last_name: Kumar Bandari
- first_name: Oliver G.
full_name: Schmidt, Oliver G.
last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Xianghua
full_name: Wu, Xianghua
last_name: Wu
- first_name: Jianguo
full_name: Guan, Jianguo
last_name: Guan
- first_name: Metin
full_name: Sitti, Metin
last_name: Sitti
- first_name: Bradley J.
full_name: Nelson, Bradley J.
last_name: Nelson
- first_name: Salvador
full_name: Pané, Salvador
last_name: Pané
- first_name: Li
full_name: Zhang, Li
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Hamed
full_name: Shahsavan, Hamed
last_name: Shahsavan
- first_name: Qiang
full_name: He, Qiang
last_name: He
- first_name: Il-Doo
full_name: Kim, Il-Doo
last_name: Kim
- first_name: Joseph
full_name: Wang, Joseph
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Pumera, Martin
last_name: Pumera
citation:
ama: Ju X, Chen C, Oral CM, et al. Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots. ACS
Nano. 2025;19(27):24174-24334. doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c03911
apa: Ju, X., Chen, C., Oral, C. M., Sevim, S., Golestanian, R., Sun, M., … Pumera,
M. (2025). Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots. ACS Nano. American Chemical
Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911
chicago: Ju, Xiaohui, Chuanrui Chen, Cagatay M. Oral, Semih Sevim, Ramin Golestanian,
Mengmeng Sun, Negin Bouzari, et al. “Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.”
ACS Nano. American Chemical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c03911.
ieee: X. Ju et al., “Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots,” ACS Nano,
vol. 19, no. 27. American Chemical Society, pp. 24174–24334, 2025.
ista: Ju X et al. 2025. Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots. ACS Nano. 19(27),
24174–24334.
mla: Ju, Xiaohui, et al. “Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.” ACS Nano,
vol. 19, no. 27, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 24174–334, doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c03911.
short: X. Ju, C. Chen, C.M. Oral, S. Sevim, R. Golestanian, M. Sun, N. Bouzari,
X. Lin, M. Urso, J.S. Nam, Y. Cho, X. Peng, F.C. Landers, S. Yang, A. Adibi, N.
Taz, R. Wittkowski, D. Ahmed, W. Wang, V. Magdanz, M. Medina-Sánchez, M. Guix,
N. Bari, B. Behkam, R. Kapral, Y. Huang, J. Tang, B. Wang, K. Morozov, A. Leshansky,
S.A. Abbasi, H. Choi, S. Ghosh, B. Borges Fernandes, G. Battaglia, P. Fischer,
A. Ghosh, B. Jurado Sánchez, A. Escarpa, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, E. Lauga,
J. Moran, M.A. Ramos-Docampo, B. Städler, R.S. Herrera Restrepo, G. Yossifon,
J.D. Nicholas, J. Ignés-Mullol, J. Puigmartí-Luis, Y. Liu, L.D. Zarzar, C.W. Shields,
L. Li, S. Li, X. Ma, D.H. Gracias, O. Velev, S. Sánchez, M.J. Esplandiu, J. Simmchen,
A. Lobosco, S. Misra, Z. Wu, J. Li, A. Kuhn, A. Nourhani, T. Maric, Z. Xiong,
A. Aghakhani, Y. Mei, Y. Tu, F. Peng, E. Diller, M.S. Sakar, A. Sen, J. Law, Y.
Sun, A. Pena-Francesch, K. Villa, H. Li, D.E. Fan, K. Liang, T.J. Huang, X.-Z.
Chen, S. Tang, X. Zhang, J. Cui, H. Wang, W. Gao, V. Kumar Bandari, O.G. Schmidt,
X. Wu, J. Guan, M. Sitti, B.J. Nelson, S. Pané, L. Zhang, H. Shahsavan, Q. He,
I.-D. Kim, J. Wang, M. Pumera, ACS Nano 19 (2025) 24174–24334.
date_created: 2025-07-10T14:53:27Z
date_published: 2025-06-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:07:44Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5c03911
external_id:
isi:
- '001519731400001'
pmid:
- '40577644'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 5f6034144bf9f649ff74fed01b04aa22
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-12-30T09:07:31Z
date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:07:31Z
file_id: '20901'
file_name: 2025_ACSNano_Ju.pdf
file_size: 11892237
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T09:07:31Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 19'
isi: 1
issue: '27'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 24174-24334
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: bdac72da-d553-11ed-ba76-eae56e802b74
grant_number: '101086998'
name: 'VULCAN: matter, powered from within'
publication: ACS Nano
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1936-086X
issn:
- 1936-0851
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Technology roadmap of micro/nanorobots
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: hybrid
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20218'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Humanity has long sought inspiration from nature to innovate materials and
devices. As science advances, nature-inspired materials are becoming part of our
lives. Animate materials, characterized by their activity, adaptability, and autonomy,
emulate properties of living systems. While only biological materials fully embody
these principles, artificial versions are advancing rapidly, promising transformative
impacts in the circular economy, health and climate resilience within a generation.
This roadmap presents authoritative perspectives on animate materials across different
disciplines and scales, highlighting their interdisciplinary nature and potential
applications in diverse fields including nanotechnology, robotics and the built
environment. It underscores the need for concerted efforts to address shared challenges
such as complexity management, scalability, evolvability, interdisciplinary collaboration,
and ethical and environmental considerations. The framework defined by classifying
materials based on their level of animacy can guide this emerging field to encourage
cooperation and responsible development. By unravelling the mysteries of living
matter and leveraging its principles, we can design materials and systems that
will transform our world in a more sustainable manner.
acknowledgement: "Living Architecture is Funded by the EU Horizon 2020 Future Emerging
Technologies Open programme (2016–2019) Grant Agreement 686585 a consortium of 6
collaborating institutions—Newcastle University, University of Trento, University
of the West of England, Spanish National Research Council, Explora Biotech and Liquifer
Systems Group.\r\n\r\nThe Active Living Infrastructure: Controlled Environment (ALICE)
project is funded by an EU Innovation Award for the development of a bio-digital
‘brick’ prototype, a collaboration between Newcastle University, Translating Nature,
and the University of the West of England (2019–2021) under EU Grant Agreement No.
851246.\r\n\r\nMicrobial Hydroponics: Circular Sustainable Electrobiosynthesis (Mi-Hy)
is Funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement Number 101114746, which is
a collaboration between Beneficiaries, KU Leuven (Belgium), the University of Southampton
(UK), SONY Computer Science Laboratory (France), BioFaction KG (Austria), Spanish
National Research Council (Spain), and Associated Partners, the University of the
West of England (UK) and University of Southampton (UK). Mi-Hy is also supported
through the interdisciplinary KU Leuven Institute for Cultural Heritage (HERKUL)."
article_number: '333501'
article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Giorgio
full_name: Volpe, Giorgio
last_name: Volpe
- first_name: Nuno A.M.
full_name: Araújo, Nuno A.M.
last_name: Araújo
- first_name: Maria
full_name: Guix, Maria
last_name: Guix
- first_name: Mark
full_name: Miodownik, Mark
last_name: Miodownik
- first_name: Nicolas
full_name: Martin, Nicolas
last_name: Martin
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Alvarez, Laura
last_name: Alvarez
- first_name: Juliane
full_name: Simmchen, Juliane
last_name: Simmchen
- first_name: Roberto Di
full_name: Leonardo, Roberto Di
last_name: Leonardo
- first_name: Nicola
full_name: Pellicciotta, Nicola
last_name: Pellicciotta
- first_name: Quentin
full_name: Martinet, Quentin
id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
last_name: Martinet
orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
- first_name: Wai Kit
full_name: Ng, Wai Kit
last_name: Ng
- first_name: Dhruv
full_name: Saxena, Dhruv
last_name: Saxena
- first_name: Riccardo
full_name: Sapienza, Riccardo
last_name: Sapienza
- first_name: Sara
full_name: Nadine, Sara
last_name: Nadine
- first_name: João F.
full_name: Mano, João F.
last_name: Mano
- first_name: Reza
full_name: Mahdavi, Reza
last_name: Mahdavi
- first_name: Caroline
full_name: Beck Adiels, Caroline
last_name: Beck Adiels
- first_name: Joe
full_name: Forth, Joe
last_name: Forth
- first_name: Christian
full_name: Santangelo, Christian
last_name: Santangelo
- first_name: Stefano
full_name: Palagi, Stefano
last_name: Palagi
- first_name: Ji Min
full_name: Seok, Ji Min
last_name: Seok
- first_name: Victoria A.
full_name: Webster-Wood, Victoria A.
last_name: Webster-Wood
- first_name: Shuhong
full_name: Wang, Shuhong
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Lining
full_name: Yao, Lining
last_name: Yao
- first_name: Amirreza
full_name: Aghakhani, Amirreza
last_name: Aghakhani
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Barois, Thomas
last_name: Barois
- first_name: Hamid
full_name: Kellay, Hamid
last_name: Kellay
- first_name: Corentin
full_name: Coulais, Corentin
last_name: Coulais
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Van Hecke, Martin
last_name: Van Hecke
- first_name: Christopher J.
full_name: Pierce, Christopher J.
last_name: Pierce
- first_name: Tianyu
full_name: Wang, Tianyu
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Baxi
full_name: Chong, Baxi
last_name: Chong
- first_name: Daniel I.
full_name: Goldman, Daniel I.
last_name: Goldman
- first_name: Andreagiovanni
full_name: Reina, Andreagiovanni
last_name: Reina
- first_name: Vito
full_name: Trianni, Vito
last_name: Trianni
- first_name: Giovanni
full_name: Volpe, Giovanni
last_name: Volpe
- first_name: Richard
full_name: Beckett, Richard
last_name: Beckett
- first_name: Sean P.
full_name: Nair, Sean P.
last_name: Nair
- first_name: Rachel
full_name: Armstrong, Rachel
last_name: Armstrong
citation:
ama: Volpe G, Araújo NAM, Guix M, et al. Roadmap for animate matter. Journal
of Physics Condensed Matter. 2025;37(33). doi:10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3
apa: Volpe, G., Araújo, N. A. M., Guix, M., Miodownik, M., Martin, N., Alvarez,
L., … Armstrong, R. (2025). Roadmap for animate matter. Journal of Physics
Condensed Matter. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3
chicago: Volpe, Giorgio, Nuno A.M. Araújo, Maria Guix, Mark Miodownik, Nicolas Martin,
Laura Alvarez, Juliane Simmchen, et al. “Roadmap for Animate Matter.” Journal
of Physics Condensed Matter. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3.
ieee: G. Volpe et al., “Roadmap for animate matter,” Journal of Physics
Condensed Matter, vol. 37, no. 33. IOP Publishing, 2025.
ista: Volpe G, Araújo NAM, Guix M, Miodownik M, Martin N, Alvarez L, Simmchen J,
Leonardo RD, Pellicciotta N, Martinet Q, Palacci JA, Ng WK, Saxena D, Sapienza
R, Nadine S, Mano JF, Mahdavi R, Beck Adiels C, Forth J, Santangelo C, Palagi
S, Seok JM, Webster-Wood VA, Wang S, Yao L, Aghakhani A, Barois T, Kellay H, Coulais
C, Van Hecke M, Pierce CJ, Wang T, Chong B, Goldman DI, Reina A, Trianni V, Volpe
G, Beckett R, Nair SP, Armstrong R. 2025. Roadmap for animate matter. Journal
of Physics Condensed Matter. 37(33), 333501.
mla: Volpe, Giorgio, et al. “Roadmap for Animate Matter.” Journal of Physics
Condensed Matter, vol. 37, no. 33, 333501, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3.
short: G. Volpe, N.A.M. Araújo, M. Guix, M. Miodownik, N. Martin, L. Alvarez, J.
Simmchen, R.D. Leonardo, N. Pellicciotta, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, W.K. Ng,
D. Saxena, R. Sapienza, S. Nadine, J.F. Mano, R. Mahdavi, C. Beck Adiels, J. Forth,
C. Santangelo, S. Palagi, J.M. Seok, V.A. Webster-Wood, S. Wang, L. Yao, A. Aghakhani,
T. Barois, H. Kellay, C. Coulais, M. Van Hecke, C.J. Pierce, T. Wang, B. Chong,
D.I. Goldman, A. Reina, V. Trianni, G. Volpe, R. Beckett, S.P. Nair, R. Armstrong,
Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 37 (2025).
date_created: 2025-08-24T22:01:30Z
date_published: 2025-08-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:25:12Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/adebd3
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2407.10623'
isi:
- '001550090200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 7309274f78bed785b158bd290337f456
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-09-02T07:22:48Z
date_updated: 2025-09-02T07:22:48Z
file_id: '20271'
file_name: 2025_CondensedMatter_Volpe.pdf
file_size: 8997829
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-09-02T07:22:48Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 37'
isi: 1
issue: '33'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1361-648X
issn:
- 0953-8984
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Roadmap for animate matter
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 37
year: '2025'
...
---
DOAJ_listed: '1'
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
PlanS_conform: '1'
_id: '20708'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: In equilibrium, the physical properties of matter are set by the interactions
between the constituents. In contrast, the energy input of the individual components
controls the behavior of synthetic or living active matter. Great progress has
been made in understanding the emergent phenomena in active fluids, though their
inability to resist shear forces hinders their practical use. This motivates the
exploration of active solids as shape-shifting materials, yet, we lack controlled
synthetic systems to devise active solids with unconventional properties. Here
we build active elastic beams from dozens of active colloids and unveil complex
emergent behaviors such as self-oscillations or persistent rotations. Developing
tensile tests at the microscale, we show that the active beams are ultrasoft materials,
with large (nonequilibrium) fluctuations. Combining experiments, theory, and stochastic
inference, we show that the dynamics of the active beams can be mapped on different
phase transitions which are tuned by boundary conditions. More quantitatively,
we assess all relevant parameters by independent measurements or first-principles
calculations, and find that our theoretical description agrees with the experimental
observations. Our results demonstrate that the simple addition of activity to
an elastic beam unveils novel physics and can inspire design strategies for active
solids and functional microscopic machines.
acknowledgement: The authors thank Andela Saric, Christoph Zechner, and Paul Robin
for helpful discussions. J. P. acknowledges support by ERC grant (VULCAN, 101086998)
and U.S. ARO under Award No. W911NF2310008. Y. I. L. acknowledges funding from the
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie
Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413.
article_number: '041017'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Quentin
full_name: Martinet, Quentin
id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
last_name: Martinet
orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Yuting I
full_name: Li, Yuting I
id: ee7a5ca8-8b71-11ed-b662-b3341c05b7eb
last_name: Li
- first_name: A.
full_name: Aubret, A.
last_name: Aubret
- first_name: Edouard B
full_name: Hannezo, Edouard B
id: 3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hannezo
orcid: 0000-0001-6005-1561
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
ama: Martinet Q, Li YI, Aubret A, Hannezo EB, Palacci JA. Emergent dynamics of active
elastic microbeams. Physical Review X. 2025;15(4). doi:10.1103/rjk2-q2wh
apa: Martinet, Q., Li, Y. I., Aubret, A., Hannezo, E. B., & Palacci, J. A. (2025).
Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams. Physical Review X. American
Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh
chicago: Martinet, Quentin, Yuting I Li, A. Aubret, Edouard B Hannezo, and Jérémie
A Palacci. “Emergent Dynamics of Active Elastic Microbeams.” Physical Review
X. American Physical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1103/rjk2-q2wh.
ieee: Q. Martinet, Y. I. Li, A. Aubret, E. B. Hannezo, and J. A. Palacci, “Emergent
dynamics of active elastic microbeams,” Physical Review X, vol. 15, no.
4. American Physical Society, 2025.
ista: Martinet Q, Li YI, Aubret A, Hannezo EB, Palacci JA. 2025. Emergent dynamics
of active elastic microbeams. Physical Review X. 15(4), 041017.
mla: Martinet, Quentin, et al. “Emergent Dynamics of Active Elastic Microbeams.”
Physical Review X, vol. 15, no. 4, 041017, American Physical Society, 2025,
doi:10.1103/rjk2-q2wh.
short: Q. Martinet, Y.I. Li, A. Aubret, E.B. Hannezo, J.A. Palacci, Physical Review
X 15 (2025).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2025-11-30T23:02:08Z
date_published: 2025-10-31T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T07:44:06Z
day: '31'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: EdHa
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1103/rjk2-q2wh
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2508.20642'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: bb64ea9f2c400205fd89e9bdd15cc850
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2025-12-01T07:30:00Z
date_updated: 2025-12-01T07:30:00Z
file_id: '20714'
file_name: 2025_PhysicalReviewX_Martinet.pdf
file_size: 5902259
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-12-01T07:30:00Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 15'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: bdac72da-d553-11ed-ba76-eae56e802b74
grant_number: '101086998'
name: 'VULCAN: matter, powered from within'
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
publication: Physical Review X
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2160-3308
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Emergent dynamics of active elastic microbeams
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '19441'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Catalytic microswimmers convert the chemical energy from fuel into motion.
They sustain chemical gradients and fluid flows that propel them by phoresis.
This leads to unconventional behavior and collective dynamics, such as self-organization
into complex structures. Characterizing the nonequilibrium interactions of microswimmers
is crucial for advancing our understanding of active systems. However, this remains
a challenge owing to the importance of fluctuations at the microscale and the
difficulty in disentangling the different contributions to the interactions. Here,
we show a massive dependence of the nonequilibrium interactions on the shape of
catalytic microswimmers. We perform tracking experiments at high throughput to
map interactions between nanocolloidal tracers and dimeric microswimmers of various
aspect ratios. Our method leverages dual tracers with differing phoretic mobilities
to quantitatively disentangle phoretic motion from hydrodynamic advection. This
approach is validated through experiments on single chemically active sites and
on immobilized catalytic microswimmers. We further investigate the activity-driven
interactions of free microswimmers and directly measure their phoretic interactions.
When compared to standard models, our findings highlight the important role of
osmotic flows for microswimmers near surfaces and reveal an enhanced contribution
of hydrodynamic advection relative to phoretic motion as the size of the microswimmer
increases. Our study provides robust measurements of the nonequilibrium interactions
from catalytic microswimmers and lays the groundwork for a realistic description
of active systems.
acknowledgement: The authors thank M. Perrin and A. Allard for enlightening discussions.
This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
[10.55776/P35206]. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement
No. 886024.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Celso
full_name: Carrasco, Celso
last_name: Carrasco
- first_name: Quentin
full_name: Martinet, Quentin
id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
last_name: Martinet
orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Zaiyi
full_name: Shen, Zaiyi
last_name: Shen
- first_name: Juho
full_name: Lintuvuori, Juho
last_name: Lintuvuori
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
- first_name: Antoine
full_name: Aubret, Antoine
last_name: Aubret
citation:
ama: Carrasco C, Martinet Q, Shen Z, Lintuvuori J, Palacci JA, Aubret A. Characterization
of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using phoretically responsive
nanotracers. ACS Nano. 2025;19(11):11133-11145. doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c18078
apa: Carrasco, C., Martinet, Q., Shen, Z., Lintuvuori, J., Palacci, J. A., &
Aubret, A. (2025). Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic
microswimmers using phoretically responsive nanotracers. ACS Nano. American
Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078
chicago: Carrasco, Celso, Quentin Martinet, Zaiyi Shen, Juho Lintuvuori, Jérémie
A Palacci, and Antoine Aubret. “Characterization of Nonequilibrium Interactions
of Catalytic Microswimmers Using Phoretically Responsive Nanotracers.” ACS
Nano. American Chemical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c18078.
ieee: C. Carrasco, Q. Martinet, Z. Shen, J. Lintuvuori, J. A. Palacci, and A. Aubret,
“Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using
phoretically responsive nanotracers,” ACS Nano, vol. 19, no. 11. American
Chemical Society, pp. 11133–11145, 2025.
ista: Carrasco C, Martinet Q, Shen Z, Lintuvuori J, Palacci JA, Aubret A. 2025.
Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers using
phoretically responsive nanotracers. ACS Nano. 19(11), 11133–11145.
mla: Carrasco, Celso, et al. “Characterization of Nonequilibrium Interactions of
Catalytic Microswimmers Using Phoretically Responsive Nanotracers.” ACS Nano,
vol. 19, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 11133–45, doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c18078.
short: C. Carrasco, Q. Martinet, Z. Shen, J. Lintuvuori, J.A. Palacci, A. Aubret,
ACS Nano 19 (2025) 11133–11145.
date_created: 2025-03-23T23:01:26Z
date_published: 2025-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-10-16T10:26:59Z
day: '11'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c18078
external_id:
isi:
- '001443359300001'
pmid:
- '40069094'
intvolume: ' 19'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://hal.science/hal-04682818v2
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 11133-11145
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: eb99c9bb-77a9-11ec-83b8-9f8cffa20a35
grant_number: P35206
name: Emergent Behavior in Spinning Active Matter
publication: ACS Nano
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1936-086X
issn:
- 1936-0851
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Characterization of nonequilibrium interactions of catalytic microswimmers
using phoretically responsive nanotracers
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '13971'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: When in equilibrium, thermal forces agitate molecules, which then diffuse,
collide and bind to form materials. However, the space of accessible structures
in which micron-scale particles can be organized by thermal forces is limited,
owing to the slow dynamics and metastable states. Active agents in a passive fluid
generate forces and flows, forming a bath with active fluctuations. Two unanswered
questions are whether those active agents can drive the assembly of passive components
into unconventional states and which material properties they will exhibit. Here
we show that passive, sticky beads immersed in a bath of swimming Escherichia
coli bacteria aggregate into unconventional clusters and gels that are controlled
by the activity of the bath. We observe a slow but persistent rotation of the
aggregates that originates in the chirality of the E. coli flagella and directs
aggregation into structures that are not accessible thermally. We elucidate the
aggregation mechanism with a numerical model of spinning, sticky beads and reproduce
quantitatively the experimental results. We show that internal activity controls
the phase diagram and the structure of the aggregates. Overall, our results highlight
the promising role of active baths in designing the structural and mechanical
properties of materials with unconventional phases.
acknowledgement: D.G. and J.P. thank E. Krasnopeeva, C. Guet, G. Guessous and T. Hwa
for providing the E. coli strains. This material is based upon work supported by
the US Department of Energy under award DE-SC0019769. I.P. acknowledges funding
by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie
Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101034413. A.Š. acknowledges funding from the
European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme (Grant No. 802960). M.C.U. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant
Agreement No. 754411.
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Grober, Daniel
id: abdfc56f-34fb-11ee-bd33-fd766fce5a99
last_name: Grober
- first_name: Ivan
full_name: Palaia, Ivan
id: 9c805cd2-4b75-11ec-a374-db6dd0ed57fa
last_name: Palaia
orcid: ' 0000-0002-8843-9485 '
- first_name: Mehmet C
full_name: Ucar, Mehmet C
id: 50B2A802-6007-11E9-A42B-EB23E6697425
last_name: Ucar
orcid: 0000-0003-0506-4217
- first_name: Edouard B
full_name: Hannezo, Edouard B
id: 3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hannezo
orcid: 0000-0001-6005-1561
- first_name: Anđela
full_name: Šarić, Anđela
id: bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b
last_name: Šarić
orcid: 0000-0002-7854-2139
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
ama: Grober D, Palaia I, Ucar MC, Hannezo EB, Šarić A, Palacci JA. Unconventional
colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths. Nature Physics. 2023;19:1680-1688.
doi:10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x
apa: Grober, D., Palaia, I., Ucar, M. C., Hannezo, E. B., Šarić, A., & Palacci,
J. A. (2023). Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths.
Nature Physics. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x
chicago: Grober, Daniel, Ivan Palaia, Mehmet C Ucar, Edouard B Hannezo, Anđela Šarić,
and Jérémie A Palacci. “Unconventional Colloidal Aggregation in Chiral Bacterial
Baths.” Nature Physics. Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x.
ieee: D. Grober, I. Palaia, M. C. Ucar, E. B. Hannezo, A. Šarić, and J. A. Palacci,
“Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths,” Nature Physics,
vol. 19. Springer Nature, pp. 1680–1688, 2023.
ista: Grober D, Palaia I, Ucar MC, Hannezo EB, Šarić A, Palacci JA. 2023. Unconventional
colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths. Nature Physics. 19, 1680–1688.
mla: Grober, Daniel, et al. “Unconventional Colloidal Aggregation in Chiral Bacterial
Baths.” Nature Physics, vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2023, pp. 1680–88, doi:10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x.
short: D. Grober, I. Palaia, M.C. Ucar, E.B. Hannezo, A. Šarić, J.A. Palacci, Nature
Physics 19 (2023) 1680–1688.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-08-06T22:01:11Z
date_published: 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:43:56Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: EdHa
- _id: AnSa
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1038/s41567-023-02136-x
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '001037346400005'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 7e282c2ebc0ac82125a04f6b4742d4c1
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2024-01-30T12:26:08Z
date_updated: 2024-01-30T12:26:08Z
file_id: '14906'
file_name: 2023_NaturePhysics_Grober.pdf
file_size: 6365607
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-30T12:26:08Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 19'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1680-1688
project:
- _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '101034413'
name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program'
- _id: eba2549b-77a9-11ec-83b8-a81e493eae4e
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '802960'
name: 'Non-Equilibrium Protein Assembly: from Building Blocks to Biological Machines'
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '754411'
name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Nature Physics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1745-2481
issn:
- 1745-2473
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Unconventional colloidal aggregation in chiral bacterial baths
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 19
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '12822'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Gears and cogwheels are elemental components of machines. They restrain degrees
of freedom and channel power into a specified motion. Building and powering small-scale
cogwheels are key steps toward feasible micro and nanomachinery. Assembly, energy
injection, and control are, however, a challenge at the microscale. In contrast
with passive gears, whose function is to transmit torques from one to another,
interlocking and untethered active gears have the potential to unveil dynamics
and functions untapped by externally driven mechanisms. Here, it is shown the
assembly and control of a family of self-spinning cogwheels with varying teeth
numbers and study the interlocking of multiple cogwheels. The teeth are formed
by colloidal microswimmers that power the structure. The cogwheels are autonomous
and active, showing persistent rotation. Leveraging the angular momentum of optical
vortices, we control the direction of rotation of the cogwheels. The pairs of
interlocking and active cogwheels that roll over each other in a random walk and
have curvature-dependent mobility are studied. This behavior is leveraged to self-position
parts and program microbots, demonstrating the ability to pick up, direct, and
release a load. The work constitutes a step toward autonomous machinery with external
control as well as (re)programmable microbots and matter.
acknowledgement: 'Army Research Office. Grant Number: W911NF-20-1-0112'
article_number: '2200129'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Quentin
full_name: Martinet, Quentin
id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
last_name: Martinet
orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Antoine
full_name: Aubret, Antoine
last_name: Aubret
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
ama: Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning
of active cogwheels. Advanced Intelligent Systems. 2023;5(1). doi:10.1002/aisy.202200129
apa: Martinet, Q., Aubret, A., & Palacci, J. A. (2023). Rotation control, interlocking,
and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. Advanced Intelligent Systems.
Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129
chicago: Martinet, Quentin, Antoine Aubret, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Rotation Control,
Interlocking, and Self‐positioning of Active Cogwheels.” Advanced Intelligent
Systems. Wiley, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129.
ieee: Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, and J. A. Palacci, “Rotation control, interlocking,
and self‐positioning of active cogwheels,” Advanced Intelligent Systems,
vol. 5, no. 1. Wiley, 2023.
ista: Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. 2023. Rotation control, interlocking, and
self‐positioning of active cogwheels. Advanced Intelligent Systems. 5(1), 2200129.
mla: Martinet, Quentin, et al. “Rotation Control, Interlocking, and Self‐positioning
of Active Cogwheels.” Advanced Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, 2200129,
Wiley, 2023, doi:10.1002/aisy.202200129.
short: Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, J.A. Palacci, Advanced Intelligent Systems 5 (2023).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2023-04-12T08:30:03Z
date_published: 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-09T21:04:56Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1002/aisy.202200129
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2201.03333'
isi:
- '000852291200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: d48fc41d39892e7fa0d44cb352dd46aa
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2023-04-17T06:44:17Z
date_updated: 2023-04-17T06:44:17Z
file_id: '12840'
file_name: 2023_AdvancedIntelligentSystems_Martinet.pdf
file_size: 2414125
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-04-17T06:44:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 5'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Advanced Intelligent Systems
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2640-4567
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 5
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '11996'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: If you mix fruit syrups with alcohol to make a schnapps, the two liquids will
remain perfectly blended forever. But if you mix oil with vinegar to make a vinaigrette,
the oil and vinegar will soon separate back into their previous selves. Such liquid-liquid
phase separation is a thermodynamically driven phenomenon and plays an important
role in many biological processes (1). Although energy injection at the macroscale
can reverse the phase separation—a strong shake is the normal response to a separated
vinaigrette—little is known about the effect of energy added at the microscopic
level on phase separation. This fundamental question has deep ramifications, notably
in biology, because active processes also make the interior of a living cell different
from a dead one. On page 768 of this issue, Adkins et al. (2) examine how mechanical
activity at the microscopic scale affects liquid-liquid phase separation and allows
liquids to climb surfaces.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
ama: Palacci JA. A soft active matter that can climb walls. Science. 2022;377(6607):710-711.
doi:10.1126/science.adc9202
apa: Palacci, J. A. (2022). A soft active matter that can climb walls. Science.
American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202
chicago: Palacci, Jérémie A. “A Soft Active Matter That Can Climb Walls.” Science.
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adc9202.
ieee: J. A. Palacci, “A soft active matter that can climb walls,” Science,
vol. 377, no. 6607. American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 710–711,
2022.
ista: Palacci JA. 2022. A soft active matter that can climb walls. Science. 377(6607),
710–711.
mla: Palacci, Jérémie A. “A Soft Active Matter That Can Climb Walls.” Science,
vol. 377, no. 6607, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022,
pp. 710–11, doi:10.1126/science.adc9202.
short: J.A. Palacci, Science 377 (2022) 710–711.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-08-28T22:02:00Z
date_published: 2022-08-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-09T21:03:21Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1126/science.adc9202
external_id:
pmid:
- '35951689 '
intvolume: ' 377'
issue: '6607'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 710-711
pmid: 1
publication: Science
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1095-9203
issn:
- 0036-8075
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A soft active matter that can climb walls
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 377
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '10280'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Machines enabled the Industrial Revolution and are central to modern technological
progress: A machine’s parts transmit forces, motion, and energy to one another
in a predetermined manner. Today’s engineering frontier, building artificial micromachines
that emulate the biological machinery of living organisms, requires faithful assembly
and energy consumption at the microscale. Here, we demonstrate the programmable
assembly of active particles into autonomous metamachines using optical templates.
Metamachines, or machines made of machines, are stable, mobile and autonomous
architectures, whose dynamics stems from the geometry. We use the interplay between
anisotropic force generation of the active colloids with the control of their
orientation by local geometry. This allows autonomous reprogramming of active
particles of the metamachines to achieve multiple functions. It permits the modular
assembly of metamachines by fusion, reconfiguration of metamachines and, we anticipate,
a shift in focus of self-assembly towards active matter and reprogrammable materials.'
acknowledgement: The authors thank R. Jazzar for useful advice regarding the synthesis
of heterodimers. We thank S. Sacanna for critical reading. This material is based
upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1554724
and Department of Army Research under grant W911NF-20-1-0112.
article_number: '6398'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Antoine
full_name: Aubret, Antoine
last_name: Aubret
- first_name: Quentin
full_name: Martinet, Quentin
id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
last_name: Martinet
orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Jérémie A
full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
last_name: Palacci
orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
ama: Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. Nature
Communications. 2021;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6
apa: Aubret, A., Martinet, Q., & Palacci, J. A. (2021). Metamachines of pluripotent
colloids. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6
chicago: Aubret, Antoine, Quentin Martinet, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Metamachines
of Pluripotent Colloids.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6.
ieee: A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, and J. A. Palacci, “Metamachines of pluripotent colloids,”
Nature Communications, vol. 12, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021.
ista: Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. 2021. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids.
Nature Communications. 12(1), 6398.
mla: Aubret, Antoine, et al. “Metamachines of Pluripotent Colloids.” Nature Communications,
vol. 12, no. 1, 6398, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6.
short: A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, Nature Communications 12 (2021).
date_created: 2021-11-14T23:01:23Z
date_published: 2021-11-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T11:48:37Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6
external_id:
isi:
- '000714754400010'
pmid:
- '34737315'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 1c392b12b9b7b615d422d9fabe19cdb9
content_type: application/pdf
creator: cchlebak
date_created: 2021-11-15T13:25:52Z
date_updated: 2021-11-15T13:25:52Z
file_id: '10292'
file_name: 2021_NatComm_Aubret.pdf
file_size: 6282703
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-11-15T13:25:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 12'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Metamachines of pluripotent colloids
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...