[{"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T08:44:00Z","OA_place":"repository","arxiv":1,"_id":"20864","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Studies of the distant Universe are providing key insights into our understanding of the formation of galaxies. The advent of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has significantly enhanced our observational capabilities, leading to an expanded redshift frontier, providing unprecedented detail in the characterisation of early galaxies and enabling the discovery of new populations of accreting black holes. This review aims to provide an introduction to the basic processes and components that shape the observed spectra of galaxies, with a focus on their relevance to techniques with which high-redshift galaxies are selected. The review further introduces specific topics that have attracted significant attention in recent literature, including the discovery of highly efficient galaxy formation in the early Universe, the relation between galaxies and the process of reionization, new insights into the formation of the first stars and the enrichment of interstellar gas with heavy elements, and breakthroughs in our understanding of the origins of supermassive black holes."}],"oa":1,"page":"116-151","month":"12","type":"journal_article","citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J. “JWST Provides a New View of Cosmic Dawn: Latest Developments in Studies of Early Galaxies.” <i>Contemporary Physics</i>, vol. 66, no. 1–4, Taylor &#38; Francis, 2025, pp. 116–51, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370\">10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370</a>.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee, “JWST provides a new view of cosmic dawn: Latest developments in studies of early galaxies,” <i>Contemporary Physics</i>, vol. 66, no. 1–4. Taylor &#38; Francis, pp. 116–151, 2025.","apa":"Matthee, J. J. (2025). JWST provides a new view of cosmic dawn: Latest developments in studies of early galaxies. <i>Contemporary Physics</i>. Taylor &#38; Francis. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370\">https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370</a>","short":"J.J. Matthee, Contemporary Physics 66 (2025) 116–151.","ista":"Matthee JJ. 2025. JWST provides a new view of cosmic dawn: Latest developments in studies of early galaxies. Contemporary Physics. 66(1–4), 116–151.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J. “JWST Provides a New View of Cosmic Dawn: Latest Developments in Studies of Early Galaxies.” <i>Contemporary Physics</i>. Taylor &#38; Francis, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370\">https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370</a>.","ama":"Matthee JJ. JWST provides a new view of cosmic dawn: Latest developments in studies of early galaxies. <i>Contemporary Physics</i>. 2025;66(1-4):116-151. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370\">10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370</a>"},"OA_type":"green","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1366-5812"],"issn":["0010-7514"]},"day":"04","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.04843","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["2511.04843"]},"publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","doi":"10.1080/00107514.2025.2586370","acknowledgement":"I thank Claudia Di Cesare, Edoardo Iani, Gauri Kotiwale and Wendy Sun for proofreading, Daichi Kashino, Gauri Kotiwale, Sara Mascia, Benjamín Navarette and Joris Witstok for their assistance in preparing some of the Figures, and Richard Ellis and Stephen Blundell for constructive comments. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224).","intvolume":"        66","year":"2025","publication":"Contemporary Physics","scopus_import":"1","volume":66,"date_published":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","project":[{"_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","grant_number":"101076224","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization"}],"title":"JWST provides a new view of cosmic dawn: Latest developments in studies of early galaxies","date_created":"2025-12-29T12:05:25Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"}],"issue":"1-4"},{"article_number":"86","author":[{"full_name":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi","first_name":"Pierluigi","last_name":"Rinaldi"},{"last_name":"Pérez-González","full_name":"Pérez-González, Pablo G.","first_name":"Pablo G."},{"full_name":"Rieke, George H.","first_name":"George H.","last_name":"Rieke"},{"last_name":"Lyu","full_name":"Lyu, Jianwei","first_name":"Jianwei"},{"last_name":"D’Eugenio","full_name":"D’Eugenio, Francesco","first_name":"Francesco"},{"last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Zihao","first_name":"Zihao"},{"full_name":"Carniani, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Carniani"},{"full_name":"Looser, Tobias J.","first_name":"Tobias J.","last_name":"Looser"},{"last_name":"Shivaei","first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"},{"last_name":"Boogaard","first_name":"Leindert A.","full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert A."},{"first_name":"Tanio","full_name":"Diaz-Santos, Tanio","last_name":"Diaz-Santos"},{"last_name":"Colina","full_name":"Colina, Luis","first_name":"Luis"},{"full_name":"Östlin, Göran","first_name":"Göran","last_name":"Östlin"},{"last_name":"Alberts","first_name":"Stacey","full_name":"Alberts, Stacey"},{"first_name":"Javier","full_name":"Álvarez-Márquez, Javier","last_name":"Álvarez-Márquez"},{"last_name":"Annuziatella","first_name":"Marianna","full_name":"Annuziatella, Marianna"},{"last_name":"Aravena","first_name":"Manuel","full_name":"Aravena, Manuel"},{"last_name":"Bhatawdekar","full_name":"Bhatawdekar, Rachana","first_name":"Rachana"},{"first_name":"Andrew J.","full_name":"Bunker, Andrew J.","last_name":"Bunker"},{"last_name":"Caputi","full_name":"Caputi, Karina I.","first_name":"Karina I."},{"last_name":"Charlot","full_name":"Charlot, Stéphane","first_name":"Stéphane"},{"first_name":"Alejandro","full_name":"Crespo Gómez, Alejandro","last_name":"Crespo Gómez"},{"full_name":"Curti, Mirko","first_name":"Mirko","last_name":"Curti"},{"last_name":"Eckart","first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Eckart, Andreas"},{"last_name":"Gillman","first_name":"Steven","full_name":"Gillman, Steven"},{"full_name":"Hainline, Kevin","first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Hainline"},{"last_name":"Kumari","full_name":"Kumari, Nimisha","first_name":"Nimisha"},{"last_name":"Hjorth","first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Hjorth, Jens"},{"first_name":"Edoardo","full_name":"Iani, Edoardo","last_name":"Iani","id":"4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a","orcid":"0000-0001-8386-3546"},{"first_name":"Hanae","full_name":"Inami, Hanae","last_name":"Inami"},{"last_name":"Ji","first_name":"Zhiyuan","full_name":"Ji, Zhiyuan"},{"first_name":"Benjamin D.","full_name":"Johnson, Benjamin D.","last_name":"Johnson"},{"last_name":"Jones","first_name":"Gareth C.","full_name":"Jones, Gareth C."},{"last_name":"Labiano","first_name":"Álvaro","full_name":"Labiano, Álvaro"},{"first_name":"Roberto","full_name":"Maiolino, Roberto","last_name":"Maiolino"},{"first_name":"Jens","full_name":"Melinder, Jens","last_name":"Melinder"},{"last_name":"Moutard","full_name":"Moutard, Thibaud","first_name":"Thibaud"},{"last_name":"Peissker","first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Peissker, Florian"},{"last_name":"Rieke","full_name":"Rieke, Marcia","first_name":"Marcia"},{"last_name":"Robertson","first_name":"Brant","full_name":"Robertson, Brant"},{"full_name":"Scholtz, Jan","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Scholtz"},{"last_name":"Tacchella","first_name":"Sandro","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro"},{"last_name":"Van Der Werf","full_name":"Van Der Werf, Paul P.","first_name":"Paul P."},{"last_name":"Walter","full_name":"Walter, Fabian","first_name":"Fabian"},{"last_name":"Williams","full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","first_name":"Christina C."},{"last_name":"Willott","first_name":"Chris","full_name":"Willott, Chris"},{"last_name":"Witstok","first_name":"Joris","full_name":"Witstok, Joris"},{"first_name":"Hannah","full_name":"Übler, Hannah","last_name":"Übler"},{"full_name":"Zhu, Yongda","first_name":"Yongda","last_name":"Zhu"}],"title":"Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization","date_created":"2026-04-12T22:01:53Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2026-04-13T07:53:00Z","file_size":10298729,"date_updated":"2026-04-13T07:53:00Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"21731","success":1,"checksum":"5d13b0ad3e9f56cbe29c5de0ba5757c8","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Rinaldi.pdf"}],"issue":"1","date_published":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","year":"2025","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","scopus_import":"1","volume":994,"ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c","acknowledgement":"The authors are deeply grateful to Antonello Calabrò for valuable insights on CLOUDY and pyCloudy, and for publicly sharing their SFG and AGN models, which were used as a reference to verify the consistency of our photoionization models. The authors also thank Adam Carnall for insightful input on bagpipes and for assistance with the implementation of the two-population model adopted in this work. Finally, they also thank Camilla Pacifici, Vasily Kokorev, and Cristian Vignali for their insightful discussions.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST programs GTO #1180, GO #1210, GTO#1283, GO #1963, GO #1895, GO# 3215, and GO#6511.\r\n\r\nThe authors acknowledge the FRESCO, JEMS, and #3215 teams led by co-PIs P. Oesch, C. C. Williams, M. Maseda, D. Eisenstein, and R. Maiolino for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. Processing for the JADES NIRCam data release was performed on the lux cluster at the University of California, Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315. Also based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 526555. The data presented in this article were obtained from MAST at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi: 10.17909/1rq3-8048 P. Oesch & D. Magee (2023), C. Williams et al. (2023), G. Illingworth (2015), and M. Rieke et al. (2023).\r\n\r\nA.J.B. acknowledges funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056).\r\n\r\nP.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from grant PID2022-139567NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER, UE.\r\n\r\nB.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015, and JWST Program 3215.\r\n\r\nS.T. acknowledges support by the Royal Society Research Grant G125142.\r\n\r\nThe research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nJ.W. gratefully acknowledges support from the Cosmic Dawn Center through the DAWN Fellowship. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140.\r\n\r\nY.Z., Z.J., and P.L. gratefully acknowledge the JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona NAS5-02015.\r\n\r\nThe work of G.H.R. and P.L. was also supported by grant 80NSSC18K0555, from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.\r\n\r\nH.Ü. acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC APEX, 101164796). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.\r\n\r\nG.C.J. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ERC Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH.”\r\n\r\nA.C.G. acknowledges support by JWST contract B0215/JWST-GO-02926.\r\n\r\nG.O. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA).\r\n\r\nH.I. acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21H01129.\r\n\r\nM.A. gratefully acknowledges support from ANID Basal Project FB210003 and ANID MILENIO NCN2024_112.\r\n\r\nT.D.S. acknowledges the research project was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the “2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to Support Faculty Members and Researchers” (project No.: 03382).\r\n\r\nR.M. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH,” and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society.\r\n\r\nI.S. acknowledges funding from the Atraccíon de Talento grant No. 2022-T1/TIC-20472 of the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 101117541, DistantDust).\r\n\r\nK.I.C. acknowledges funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the award of the Vici grant VI.C.212.036.\r\n\r\nFacilities: HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite, JWST. -\r\n\r\nSoftware: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), Bagpipes (A. C. Carnall et al. 2019), MSAEXP (G. Brammer 2023) NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), pandas (The pandas development team 2024) Photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2016), TOPCAT (M. Taylor 2022).","intvolume":"       994","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"day":"20","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2026-04-13T07:53:00Z","OA_type":"gold","oa":1,"type":"journal_article","month":"11","citation":{"ista":"Rinaldi P, Pérez-González PG, Rieke GH, Lyu J, D’Eugenio F, Wu Z, Carniani S, Looser TJ, Shivaei I, Boogaard LA, Diaz-Santos T, Colina L, Östlin G, Alberts S, Álvarez-Márquez J, Annuziatella M, Aravena M, Bhatawdekar R, Bunker AJ, Caputi KI, Charlot S, Crespo Gómez A, Curti M, Eckart A, Gillman S, Hainline K, Kumari N, Hjorth J, Iani E, Inami H, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Labiano Á, Maiolino R, Melinder J, Moutard T, Peissker F, Rieke M, Robertson B, Scholtz J, Tacchella S, Van Der Werf PP, Walter F, Williams CC, Willott C, Witstok J, Übler H, Zhu Y. 2025. Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 994(1), 86.","chicago":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi, Pablo G. Pérez-González, George H. Rieke, Jianwei Lyu, Francesco D’Eugenio, Zihao Wu, Stefano Carniani, et al. “Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c</a>.","ama":"Rinaldi P, Pérez-González PG, Rieke GH, et al. Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2025;994(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c</a>","short":"P. Rinaldi, P.G. Pérez-González, G.H. Rieke, J. Lyu, F. D’Eugenio, Z. Wu, S. Carniani, T.J. Looser, I. Shivaei, L.A. Boogaard, T. Diaz-Santos, L. Colina, G. Östlin, S. Alberts, J. Álvarez-Márquez, M. Annuziatella, M. Aravena, R. Bhatawdekar, A.J. Bunker, K.I. Caputi, S. Charlot, A. Crespo Gómez, M. Curti, A. Eckart, S. Gillman, K. Hainline, N. Kumari, J. Hjorth, E. Iani, H. Inami, Z. Ji, B.D. Johnson, G.C. Jones, Á. Labiano, R. Maiolino, J. Melinder, T. Moutard, F. Peissker, M. Rieke, B. Robertson, J. Scholtz, S. Tacchella, P.P. Van Der Werf, F. Walter, C.C. Williams, C. Willott, J. Witstok, H. Übler, Y. Zhu, The Astrophysical Journal 994 (2025).","apa":"Rinaldi, P., Pérez-González, P. G., Rieke, G. H., Lyu, J., D’Eugenio, F., Wu, Z., … Zhu, Y. (2025). Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c</a>","ieee":"P. Rinaldi <i>et al.</i>, “Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 994, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.","mla":"Rinaldi, Pierluigi, et al. “Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 994, no. 1, 86, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c\">10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c</a>."},"_id":"21727","abstract":[{"text":"We present a comprehensive analysis of the MIRI Extremely Red Object Virgil, a Lyα emitter at zspec = 6.6379 ± 0.0035 with the photometric properties of a Little Red Dot. Leveraging new JWST/MIRI imaging from the MIDIS and PAHSPECS programs, we confirm Virgil’s extraordinary nature among galaxies in JADES/GOODS-South, exhibiting a strikingly red NIRCam-to-MIRI color (F444W–F1500W = 2.84 ± 0.04 mag). Deep NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy from the OASIS program offers key insights into the host galaxy, revealing properties of an average star-forming galaxy during Cosmic Reionization, such as a subsolar metallicity, low-to-moderate dust content, and a relatively high ionization parameter and electron temperature. By estimating the star formation rate of Virgil from UV and Hα, we find evidence that the galaxy is either entering or fading out of a bursty episode. Although line-ratio diagnostics employed at high z would classify Virgil as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), this classification becomes ambiguous once redshift evolution is considered. Nonetheless, Virgil occupies the same parameter space as recently confirmed AGNs at similar redshifts. The new deep MIRI data at 15 μm reinforce the AGN nature of Virgil, as inferred from multiple spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. Virgil’s rising infrared SED and UV excess resemble those of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) studied with Spitzer at Cosmic Noon, particularly blue-excess HotDOGs. Our results highlight the need for a multiwavelength approach incorporating MIRI to uncover such extreme sources at z ≳ 6 and to shed light on the interplay between galaxy evolution and early black hole growth during Cosmic Reionization.","lang":"eng"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","OA_place":"publisher","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_updated":"2026-04-13T07:54:11Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"date_published":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","article_number":"A44","date_created":"2024-09-08T22:01:11Z","author":[{"last_name":"Torralba-Torregrosa","first_name":"Alberto","full_name":"Torralba-Torregrosa, Alberto"},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari","last_name":"Mackenzie"},{"last_name":"Pezzulli","first_name":"Gabriele","full_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele"},{"last_name":"Hutter","first_name":"Anne","full_name":"Hutter, Anne"},{"last_name":"Arnalte-Mur","first_name":"Pablo","full_name":"Arnalte-Mur, Pablo"},{"last_name":"Gurung-López","full_name":"Gurung-López, Siddhartha","first_name":"Siddhartha"},{"last_name":"Tacchella","first_name":"Sandro","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro"},{"first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal","last_name":"Oesch"},{"full_name":"Kashino, Daichi","first_name":"Daichi","last_name":"Kashino"},{"first_name":"Charlie","full_name":"Conroy, Charlie","last_name":"Conroy"},{"last_name":"Sobral","full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David"}],"title":"Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 double-peaked Lyman- α emitter COLA1 and its environment","file":[{"date_created":"2024-09-11T07:35:00Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":6225413,"checksum":"a6c0df287c75e8929db9f42badeac859","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"18055","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-09-11T07:35:00Z","file_name":"2024_AstronomyAstrophysics_TorralbaTorregrosa.pdf"}],"ddc":["520"],"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the financial support from the MICIU with funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU and Generalitat Valenciana in the call Programa de Planes Complementarios de I+D+i (PRTR 2022) Project (VAL-JPAS), reference ASFAE/2022/025. This work has been funded by project PID2019-109592GBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN)-Agencia Estatal de Investigación, by the Project of Excellence Prometeo/2020/085 from the Conselleria d’Innovació Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana. It has also be funded by the Project of Excellence Prometeo/2020/085 from the Conselleria d’Educació, Universitats, i Ocupació de la Generalitat Valenciana. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. ST acknowledges support by the Royal Society Research Grant G125142. AH acknowledges support by the VILLUM FONDEN under grant 37459. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. We acknowledge funding from JWST program GO-1933. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program # 1933. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.17909/s9ht-7n34.","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202450318","intvolume":"       689","publication":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1","volume":689,"day":"01","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2404.10040"],"isi":["001303205700016"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","file_date_updated":"2024-09-11T07:35:00Z","_id":"17889","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The increasingly neutral intergalactic gas at z > 6 impacts the Lyman-α (Lyα) flux observed from galaxies. One luminous galaxy, COLA1, stands out because of its unique double-peaked Lyα line at z = 6.6, unseen in any simulation of reionization. Here, we present JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy in a 21 arcmin2 field centered on COLA1. We find 141 galaxies spectroscopically selected through the [O III] doublet at 5.35 < z < 6.95, with 40 of these sources showing Hβ. For COLA1, we additionally detect [O III]4363 as well as Hγ. We measure a systemic redshift of z = 6.5917 for COLA1, confirming the classical double-peak nature of the Lyα profile. This implies that it resides in a highly ionized bubble and that it is leaking ionizing photons with a high escape fraction of fesc(LyC) = 20–50%, making it a prime laboratory to study Lyman continuum escape in the Epoch of Reionization. COLA1 shows all the signs of a prolific ionizer with a Lyα escape fraction of 81 ± 5%, Balmer decrement indicating no dust, a steep UV slope (βUV = −3.2 ± 0.4), and a star-formation surface density ≳10× that of typical galaxies at similar redshift. We detect five galaxies in COLA1’s close environment (Δz < 0.02). Exploiting the high spectroscopic completeness inherent to grism surveys, and using mock simulations that fully mimic the selection function, we show that the number of detected companions is very typical for a normal similarly UV-bright (MUV ∼ −21.3) galaxy – that is, the ionized bubble around COLA1 is unlikely to be due to an excessively large over-density. Instead, the measured ionizing properties suggest that COLA1 by itself might be powering the bubble required to explain its double-peaked Lyα profile (Rion ≈ 0.7 pMpc), with only minor contributions from detected neighbors (−19.5 ≲ MUV ≲ −17.5)."}],"oa":1,"citation":{"ista":"Torralba-Torregrosa A, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Mackenzie R, Pezzulli G, Hutter A, Arnalte-Mur P, Gurung-López S, Tacchella S, Oesch P, Kashino D, Conroy C, Sobral D. 2024. Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 double-peaked Lyman- α emitter COLA1 and its environment. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 689, A44.","chicago":"Torralba-Torregrosa, Alberto, Jorryt J Matthee, Rohan P. Naidu, Ruari Mackenzie, Gabriele Pezzulli, Anne Hutter, Pablo Arnalte-Mur, et al. “Anatomy of an Ionized Bubble: NIRCam Grism Spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 Double-Peaked Lyman- α Emitter COLA1 and Its Environment.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450318\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450318</a>.","ama":"Torralba-Torregrosa A, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, et al. Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 double-peaked Lyman- α emitter COLA1 and its environment. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 2024;689. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450318\">10.1051/0004-6361/202450318</a>","short":"A. Torralba-Torregrosa, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, R. Mackenzie, G. Pezzulli, A. Hutter, P. Arnalte-Mur, S. Gurung-López, S. Tacchella, P. Oesch, D. Kashino, C. Conroy, D. Sobral, Astronomy and Astrophysics 689 (2024).","apa":"Torralba-Torregrosa, A., Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Mackenzie, R., Pezzulli, G., Hutter, A., … Sobral, D. (2024). Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 double-peaked Lyman- α emitter COLA1 and its environment. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450318\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450318</a>","ieee":"A. Torralba-Torregrosa <i>et al.</i>, “Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 double-peaked Lyman- α emitter COLA1 and its environment,” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 689. EDP Sciences, 2024.","mla":"Torralba-Torregrosa, Alberto, et al. “Anatomy of an Ionized Bubble: NIRCam Grism Spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 Double-Peaked Lyman- α Emitter COLA1 and Its Environment.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 689, A44, EDP Sciences, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450318\">10.1051/0004-6361/202450318</a>."},"type":"journal_article","month":"09","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"EDP Sciences","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-08T09:20:52Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"}},{"date_updated":"2025-09-08T09:43:41Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","DOAJ_listed":"1","month":"09","type":"journal_article","citation":{"ista":"Neufeld C, Van Dokkum P, Asali Y, Covelo-Paz A, Leja J, Lin J, Matthee JJ, Oesch PA, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Whitaker KE, Wuyts S, Brammer G, Marchesini D, Maseda MV, Naidu RP, Nelson EJ, Velichko A, Weibel A, Xiao M. 2024. FRESCO: The Paschen-α star-forming sequence at cosmic noon. Astrophysical Journal. 972(2), 156.","chicago":"Neufeld, Chloe, Pieter Van Dokkum, Yasmeen Asali, Alba Covelo-Paz, Joel Leja, Jamie Lin, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “FRESCO: The Paschen-α Star-Forming Sequence at Cosmic Noon.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158</a>.","ama":"Neufeld C, Van Dokkum P, Asali Y, et al. FRESCO: The Paschen-α star-forming sequence at cosmic noon. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;972(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158</a>","apa":"Neufeld, C., Van Dokkum, P., Asali, Y., Covelo-Paz, A., Leja, J., Lin, J., … Xiao, M. (2024). FRESCO: The Paschen-α star-forming sequence at cosmic noon. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158</a>","short":"C. Neufeld, P. Van Dokkum, Y. Asali, A. Covelo-Paz, J. Leja, J. Lin, J.J. Matthee, P.A. Oesch, N.A. Reddy, I. Shivaei, K.E. Whitaker, S. Wuyts, G. Brammer, D. Marchesini, M.V. Maseda, R.P. Naidu, E.J. Nelson, A. Velichko, A. Weibel, M. Xiao, Astrophysical Journal 972 (2024).","ieee":"C. Neufeld <i>et al.</i>, “FRESCO: The Paschen-α star-forming sequence at cosmic noon,” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 972, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.","mla":"Neufeld, Chloe, et al. “FRESCO: The Paschen-α Star-Forming Sequence at Cosmic Noon.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 972, no. 2, 156, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158</a>."},"oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present results from the JWST First Reionization Epoch Spectroscopically Complete Observations survey on the star-forming sequence (SFS) of galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.7, around the peak of the cosmic star formation history. Star formation rates (SFRs) are measured from the redshifted, relatively dust-insensitive Paschen-α emission line, and stellar mass measurements include the F444W (4.4 μm; rest-frame H) band. We find SFRs of galaxies with log(M*/M⊙) > 9.5 that are lower than found in many earlier studies by up to 0.6 dex, but in good agreement with recent results obtained with the Prospector fitting framework. The difference (log(SFR(Paα)-SFR(Prospector)) is −0.09 ± 0.04 dex at 1010−11M⊙. We also measure the empirical relation between Paschen-α luminosity and rest-frame H-band magnitude and find that the scatter is only 0.04 dex lower than that of the SFR–M* relation and is much lower than the systematic differences among relations in the literature due to various methods of converting observed measurements to physical properties. We additionally identify examples of sources—that, with standard cutoffs via the UVJ diagram, would be deemed quiescent—with significant (log(sSFR)> −11 yr−1), typically extended, Paschen-α emission. Our results may be indicative of the potential unification of methods used to derive the SFS with careful selection of star-forming galaxies and independent SFR and stellar mass indicators."}],"_id":"18069","file_date_updated":"2024-09-17T08:23:59Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001305987600001"]},"publication_status":"published","isi":1,"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"day":"01","volume":972,"year":"2024","publication":"Astrophysical Journal","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"       972","ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad6158","acknowledgement":"The authors thank the anonymous referee whose comments and suggestions improved the quality of this work.\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program No. 1895.\r\nSupport for this work was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.\r\nThis work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140.\r\nR.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555\r\nCloud-based data processing and file storage for this work is provided by the AWS Cloud Credits for Research program.\r\nThis paper made use of several publicly available software packages. We thank the respective authors for sharing their work: IPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), seaborn (Waskom et al. 2018), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), jupyter (Kluyver et al. 2016), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018, 2022), grizli (Brammer 2018; Brammer et al. 2022), Prospector (Leja et al. 2019, 2017; Johnson et al. 2021), FSPS (Conroy et al. 2009a, 2010; Conroy & Gunn 2010a, 2010b; Foreman-Mackey et al. 2014), dynesty (Speagle 2020), EAZY (Brammer et al. 2008), Bagpipes (Carnall et al. 2018), and SExtractor (Bertin & Arnouts 1996).","file":[{"file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Neufeld.pdf","date_updated":"2024-09-17T08:23:59Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"754b58c1d79adb9670ca76fa8c20ab16","file_id":"18082","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_size":9960685,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-09-17T08:23:59Z"}],"issue":"2","title":"FRESCO: The Paschen-α star-forming sequence at cosmic noon","author":[{"last_name":"Neufeld","full_name":"Neufeld, Chloe","first_name":"Chloe"},{"last_name":"Van Dokkum","first_name":"Pieter","full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter"},{"first_name":"Yasmeen","full_name":"Asali, Yasmeen","last_name":"Asali"},{"last_name":"Covelo-Paz","first_name":"Alba","full_name":"Covelo-Paz, Alba"},{"full_name":"Leja, Joel","first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Leja"},{"full_name":"Lin, Jamie","first_name":"Jamie","last_name":"Lin"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","first_name":"Pascal A.","last_name":"Oesch"},{"full_name":"Reddy, Naveen A.","first_name":"Naveen A.","last_name":"Reddy"},{"last_name":"Shivaei","first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"},{"full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E.","first_name":"Katherine E.","last_name":"Whitaker"},{"first_name":"Stijn","full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn","last_name":"Wuyts"},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel"},{"last_name":"Marchesini","first_name":"Danilo","full_name":"Marchesini, Danilo"},{"last_name":"Maseda","full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","first_name":"Michael V."},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"first_name":"Erica J.","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J.","last_name":"Nelson"},{"first_name":"Anna","full_name":"Velichko, Anna","last_name":"Velichko"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea","last_name":"Weibel"},{"first_name":"Mengyuan","full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"}],"article_number":"156","date_created":"2024-09-15T22:01:40Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z"},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present the first results on the spatial distribution of star formation in 454 star-forming galaxies just after the epoch of reionisation (4.8 < z < 6.5) using Hα emission-line maps and F444W imaging that traces the stellar continuum from the JWST FRESCO NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy Survey. The Hα equivalent width profiles of star-forming galaxies across the main sequence at z ∼ 5.3 with stellar masses 6.8≤ log(M*/M⊙) < 11.1 increase with radius, which provides direct evidence for the inside-out growth of star-forming galaxies just after the epoch of reionisation. GALFIT was used to calculate half-light radii, Reff, and central surface densities within 1 kiloparsec, Σ1kpc of Hα and the continuum. At a fixed stellar mass of Log(M*/M⊙) = 9.5, Σ1kpc, Hα is 1.04 ± 0.05 times higher than Σ1kpc, C, Reff, Hα is 1.18 ± 0.03 times larger than Reff, C and both Reff measurements are smaller than 1 kiloparsec. These measurements suggest the rapid build-up of compact bulges via star formation just after the epoch of reionisation. By comparison to analogous work done at lower redshifts with Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 slitless spectroscopy as part of the 3D-HST (z ∼ 1) and CLEAR (z ∼ 0.5) surveys, we find that Reff(z) evolves at the same pace for Hα and the continuum, but Σ1kpc(z) evolves faster for Hα than the stellar continuum. As a function of the Hubble parameter, Reff, Hα/Reff,C = 1.1h(z) and Σ1 kpc, Hα/Σ1 kpc,C = h(z)1.3. These parametrisations suggest that the inside-out growth of the disk starts to dominate the inside-out growth of the bulge towards lower redshifts. This is supported by the redshift evolution in the EW(Hα) profiles from FRESCO, 3D-HST, and CLEAR at fixed stellar mass and when star-forming progenitors are traced, in which in EW(Hα) rapidly increases with radius within the half-light radius at z ∼ 5.3, but EW(Hα) increases only significantly with radius in the outer disk at z ∼ 0.5."}],"_id":"18447","type":"journal_article","citation":{"chicago":"Matharu, Jasleen, Erica J. Nelson, Gabriel Brammer, Pascal A. Oesch, Natalie Allen, Irene Shivaei, Rohan P. Naidu, et al. “A First Look at Spatially Resolved Star Formation at 4.8 &#60; z &#60; 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450522\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450522</a>.","ista":"Matharu J, Nelson EJ, Brammer G, Oesch PA, Allen N, Shivaei I, Naidu RP, Chisholm J, Covelo-Paz A, Fudamoto Y, Giovinazzo E, Herard-Demanche T, Kerutt J, Kramarenko I, Marchesini D, Meyer RA, Prieto-Lyon G, Reddy N, Shuntov M, Weibel A, Wuyts S, Xiao M. 2024. A first look at spatially resolved star formation at 4.8 &#60; z &#60; 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam slitless spectroscopy. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 690, A64.","ama":"Matharu J, Nelson EJ, Brammer G, et al. A first look at spatially resolved star formation at 4.8 &#60; z &#60; 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam slitless spectroscopy. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 2024;690. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450522\">10.1051/0004-6361/202450522</a>","apa":"Matharu, J., Nelson, E. J., Brammer, G., Oesch, P. A., Allen, N., Shivaei, I., … Xiao, M. (2024). A first look at spatially resolved star formation at 4.8 &#60; z &#60; 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam slitless spectroscopy. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450522\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450522</a>","short":"J. Matharu, E.J. Nelson, G. Brammer, P.A. Oesch, N. Allen, I. Shivaei, R.P. Naidu, J. Chisholm, A. Covelo-Paz, Y. Fudamoto, E. Giovinazzo, T. Herard-Demanche, J. Kerutt, I. Kramarenko, D. Marchesini, R.A. Meyer, G. Prieto-Lyon, N. Reddy, M. Shuntov, A. Weibel, S. Wuyts, M. Xiao, Astronomy and Astrophysics 690 (2024).","mla":"Matharu, Jasleen, et al. “A First Look at Spatially Resolved Star Formation at 4.8 &#60; z &#60; 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690, A64, EDP Sciences, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450522\">10.1051/0004-6361/202450522</a>.","ieee":"J. Matharu <i>et al.</i>, “A first look at spatially resolved star formation at 4.8 &#60; z &#60; 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam slitless spectroscopy,” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690. EDP Sciences, 2024."},"month":"10","oa":1,"arxiv":1,"OA_place":"publisher","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"EDP Sciences","quality_controlled":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:22:57Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-10-21T11:45:35Z","file_size":825494,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-10-21T11:45:35Z","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"10ae78291aa9fa9a9e64724c42d91588","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"18457","file_name":"2024_AstronomyAstrophysics_Matharu.pdf"}],"article_number":"A64","title":"A first look at spatially resolved star formation at 4.8 < z < 6.5 with JWST FRESCO NIRCam slitless spectroscopy","date_created":"2024-10-20T22:02:06Z","author":[{"full_name":"Matharu, Jasleen","first_name":"Jasleen","last_name":"Matharu"},{"last_name":"Nelson","first_name":"Erica J.","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J."},{"full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer"},{"first_name":"Pascal A.","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","last_name":"Oesch"},{"first_name":"Natalie","full_name":"Allen, Natalie","last_name":"Allen"},{"first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene","last_name":"Shivaei"},{"last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Chisholm","full_name":"Chisholm, John","first_name":"John"},{"full_name":"Covelo-Paz, Alba","first_name":"Alba","last_name":"Covelo-Paz"},{"last_name":"Fudamoto","full_name":"Fudamoto, Yoshinobu","first_name":"Yoshinobu"},{"first_name":"Emma","full_name":"Giovinazzo, Emma","last_name":"Giovinazzo"},{"last_name":"Herard-Demanche","full_name":"Herard-Demanche, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"last_name":"Kerutt","full_name":"Kerutt, Josephine","first_name":"Josephine"},{"first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","last_name":"Kramarenko","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048"},{"last_name":"Marchesini","first_name":"Danilo","full_name":"Marchesini, Danilo"},{"full_name":"Meyer, Romain A.","first_name":"Romain A.","last_name":"Meyer"},{"last_name":"Prieto-Lyon","full_name":"Prieto-Lyon, Gonzalo","first_name":"Gonzalo"},{"first_name":"Naveen","full_name":"Reddy, Naveen","last_name":"Reddy"},{"full_name":"Shuntov, Marko","first_name":"Marko","last_name":"Shuntov"},{"last_name":"Weibel","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn","first_name":"Stijn","last_name":"Wuyts"},{"full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","first_name":"Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"}],"intvolume":"       690","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202450522","acknowledgement":"JM is grateful to the Cosmic Dawn Center for the DAWN Fellowship. JM thanks Adam Muzzin, Viola Gelli and Anne Hutter for useful discussions that led to improvements in the analysis presented in this paper. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The raw data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for\r\nSpace Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST Cycle 1 GO program #1895. Support for program JWST-GO-1895 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Associations of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The Cosmic Dawn Center  DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140.\r\nThis work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. RPN thanks the NASA Hubble Fellowshp Program for the Hubble Fellowship. DM acknowledges funding from JWST-GO-01895.013, provided through a grant from the STScI under NASA contract NAS5-03127.","ddc":["520"],"volume":690,"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","year":"2024","isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1432-0746"],"issn":["0004-6361"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001322237700004"],"arxiv":["2404.17629"]},"OA_type":"hybrid","file_date_updated":"2024-10-21T11:45:35Z"},{"file_date_updated":"2024-10-21T11:52:29Z","OA_type":"hybrid","external_id":{"isi":["001381135700006"],"arxiv":["2402.07989"]},"publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"day":"01","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"year":"2024","publication":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","scopus_import":"1","volume":690,"ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202449579","acknowledgement":"IS thanks the members of the JWST/MIRI instrument team for their exceptional efforts and for providing an outstanding experience during the commissioning period of JWST, which fostered numerous fruitful discussions and significantly enhanced the quality of data reduction in this study. IS also thanks Karin Sandstrom and Joel Leja for their insightful discussions during the scientific development of this work. Additionally, IS acknowledges the contribution of Andras Gáspar to the construction of the F560W PSF utilised in this research. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX13AD82G. Part of this research has been funded by Atraccíon de Talento Grant No. 2022-T1/TIC-20472 of the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. AJB and AC acknowledges funding from the ‘FirstGalaxies’ Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 789056). The work of CCW is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. PGP-G acknowledges support from grant PID2022-139567NB-I00 funded by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa. SA acknowledges support from the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Science Team Lead, grant 80NSSC18K0555, from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program PID 1207, 1080, 1081, 1895, 1220, 1286, 1287, 1963. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, and obtained from the Hubble Legacy Archive, which is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA), the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF/ESAC/ESA) and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA).","intvolume":"       690","title":"A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI","author":[{"last_name":"Shivaei","first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"},{"last_name":"Alberts","first_name":"Stacey","full_name":"Alberts, Stacey"},{"last_name":"Florian","full_name":"Florian, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"George","full_name":"Rieke, George","last_name":"Rieke"},{"first_name":"Stijn","full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn","last_name":"Wuyts"},{"last_name":"Bodansky","full_name":"Bodansky, Sarah","first_name":"Sarah"},{"last_name":"Bunker","first_name":"Andrew J.","full_name":"Bunker, Andrew J."},{"first_name":"Alex J.","full_name":"Cameron, Alex J.","last_name":"Cameron"},{"first_name":"Mirko","full_name":"Curti, Mirko","last_name":"Curti"},{"first_name":"Francesco","full_name":"Da'Eugenio, Francesco","last_name":"Da'Eugenio"},{"last_name":"Dudzevičiūte","full_name":"Dudzevičiūte, Ugne","first_name":"Ugne"},{"last_name":"Ji","full_name":"Ji, Zhiyuan","first_name":"Zhiyuan"},{"full_name":"Johnson, Benjamin D.","first_name":"Benjamin D.","last_name":"Johnson"},{"full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","first_name":"Ivan","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048","last_name":"Kramarenko","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4"},{"last_name":"Lyu","first_name":"Jianwei","full_name":"Lyu, Jianwei"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"last_name":"Morrison","first_name":"Jane","full_name":"Morrison, Jane"},{"last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan"},{"full_name":"Pérez-González, Pablo G.","first_name":"Pablo G.","last_name":"Pérez-González"},{"last_name":"Reddy","full_name":"Reddy, Naveen","first_name":"Naveen"},{"full_name":"Robertson, Brant","first_name":"Brant","last_name":"Robertson"},{"last_name":"Sun","first_name":"Yang","full_name":"Sun, Yang"},{"first_name":"Sandro","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro","last_name":"Tacchella"},{"first_name":"Katherine","full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine","last_name":"Whitaker"},{"first_name":"Christina C.","full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","last_name":"Williams"},{"full_name":"Willmer, Christopher N.A.","first_name":"Christopher N.A.","last_name":"Willmer"},{"last_name":"Witstok","first_name":"Joris","full_name":"Witstok, Joris"},{"first_name":"Mengyuan","full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"},{"last_name":"Zhu","first_name":"Yongda","full_name":"Zhu, Yongda"}],"article_number":"A89","date_created":"2024-10-20T22:02:06Z","file":[{"file_size":10777358,"date_created":"2024-10-21T11:52:29Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2024_AstronomyAstrophysics_Shivaei.pdf","checksum":"f399be98968b9ca5611c832a9b1eee2b","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"18458","date_updated":"2024-10-21T11:52:29Z","relation":"main_file"}],"date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-03-05T11:19:11Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"EDP Sciences","oa_version":"Published Version","OA_place":"publisher","arxiv":1,"oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Shivaei, Irene, et al. “A New Census of Dust and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690, A89, EDP Sciences, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449579\">10.1051/0004-6361/202449579</a>.","ieee":"I. Shivaei <i>et al.</i>, “A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI,” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690. EDP Sciences, 2024.","short":"I. Shivaei, S. Alberts, M. Florian, G. Rieke, S. Wuyts, S. Bodansky, A.J. Bunker, A.J. Cameron, M. Curti, F. Da’Eugenio, U. Dudzevičiūte, Z. Ji, B.D. Johnson, I. Kramarenko, J. Lyu, J.J. Matthee, J. Morrison, R. Naidu, P.G. Pérez-González, N. Reddy, B. Robertson, Y. Sun, S. Tacchella, K. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, C.N.A. Willmer, J. Witstok, M. Xiao, Y. Zhu, Astronomy and Astrophysics 690 (2024).","apa":"Shivaei, I., Alberts, S., Florian, M., Rieke, G., Wuyts, S., Bodansky, S., … Zhu, Y. (2024). A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449579\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449579</a>","ama":"Shivaei I, Alberts S, Florian M, et al. A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 2024;690. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449579\">10.1051/0004-6361/202449579</a>","chicago":"Shivaei, Irene, Stacey Alberts, Michael Florian, George Rieke, Stijn Wuyts, Sarah Bodansky, Andrew J. Bunker, et al. “A New Census of Dust and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449579\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449579</a>.","ista":"Shivaei I, Alberts S, Florian M, Rieke G, Wuyts S, Bodansky S, Bunker AJ, Cameron AJ, Curti M, Da’Eugenio F, Dudzevičiūte U, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Kramarenko I, Lyu J, Matthee JJ, Morrison J, Naidu R, Pérez-González PG, Reddy N, Robertson B, Sun Y, Tacchella S, Whitaker K, Williams CC, Willmer CNA, Witstok J, Xiao M, Zhu Y. 2024. A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z = 0.7-2 with JWST MIRI. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 690, A89."},"type":"journal_article","month":"10","_id":"18448","abstract":[{"text":"Aims. This paper utilises the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) to extend the observational studies of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission to a new mass and star formation rate (SFR) parameter space beyond our local Universe. The combination of fully sampled spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with multiple mid-infrared (mid-IR) bands and the unprecedented sensitivity of MIRI allows us to investigate dust obscuration and PAH behaviour from z = 0.7 up to z = 2 in typical main-sequence galaxies. Our focus is on constraining the evolution of PAH strength and the dust-obscured luminosity fraction before and during cosmic noon, the epoch of peak star formation activity in the Universe.\r\n\r\nMethods. In this study, we utilise MIRI multi-band imaging data from the SMILES survey (5 to 25 μm), complemented with NIRCam photometry from the JADES survey (1 to 5 μm), available HST photometry (0.4 to 0.9 μm), and spectroscopic redshifts from the FRESCO and JADES surveys in GOODS-S for 443 star-forming (without dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN)) galaxies at z = 0.7 − 2.0. This redshift range was chosen to ensure that the MIRI data cover mid-IR dust emission. Our methodology involved employing ultraviolet (UV) to IR energy balance SED fitting to robustly constrain the fraction of dust mass in PAHs and dust-obscured luminosity. Additionally, we inferred dust sizes from MIRI 15 μm imaging data, enhancing our understanding of the physical characteristics of dust within these galaxies.\r\n\r\nResults. We find a strong correlation between the fraction of dust in PAHs (PAH fraction, qPAH) with stellar mass. Moreover, the sub-sample with robust qPAH measurements (N = 216) shows a similar behaviour between qPAH and gas-phase metallicity to that at z ∼ 0, suggesting a universal relation: qPAH is constant (∼3.4%) above a metallicity of Z ∼ 0.5 Z⊙ and decreases to < 1% at metallicities ≲0.3 Z⊙. This indicates that metallicity is a good indicator of the interstellar medium properties that affect the balance between the formation and destruction of PAHs. The lack of a redshift evolution from z ∼ 0 − 2 also implies that above Z ∼ 0.5 Z⊙ the PAH emission effectively traces obscured luminosity and the previous locally calibrated PAH-SFR calibrations remain applicable in this metallicity regime. We observe a strong correlation between the obscured UV luminosity fraction (ratio of obscured to total luminosity) and stellar mass. Above the stellar mass of M* > 5 × 109 M⊙, on average, more than half of the emitted luminosity is obscured, while there exists a non-negligible population of lower-mass galaxies with > 50% obscured fractions. At a fixed mass, the obscured fraction correlates with SFR surface density. This is a result of higher dust covering fractions in galaxies with more compact star-forming regions. Similarly, galaxies with high IRX (IR to UV luminosity) at a given mass or UV continuum slope (β) tend to have higher ΣSFR and shallower attenuation curves, owing to their higher effective dust optical depths and more compact star-forming regions.","lang":"eng"}]},{"date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","title":"Charting the Lyman-α escape fraction in the range 2.9 < z < 6.7 and consequences for the LAE reionisation contribution","date_created":"2024-11-03T23:01:45Z","article_number":"A302","author":[{"first_name":"I.","full_name":"Goovaerts, I.","last_name":"Goovaerts"},{"last_name":"Thai","first_name":"T. T.","full_name":"Thai, T. T."},{"full_name":"Pello, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Pello"},{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Tuan-Anh, P.","last_name":"Tuan-Anh"},{"full_name":"Laporte, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Laporte"},{"id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Nanayakkara, T.","first_name":"T.","last_name":"Nanayakkara"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Pharo, J.","last_name":"Pharo"}],"file":[{"file_id":"18495","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"4007e2b0fadf93bea61c5bec3fc97e87","date_updated":"2024-11-04T08:04:44Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2024_AstronomyAstrophysics_Goovaerts.pdf","date_created":"2024-11-04T08:04:44Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":2008461}],"ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451432","acknowledgement":"This work is done based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 060.A-9345, 092.A-0472, 094.A-0115, 095.A-0181, 096.A-0710, 097.A0269, 100.A-0249, and 294.A-5032. Also based on observations obtained with the\r\nNASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. All plots in this paper were created using Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). Part of this work was supported by the French CNRS, the Aix-Marseille University, the French Programme National de Cosmologie et Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, co-funded by CEA and CNES. This work also received support from the French government under the France 2030 investment plan, as part of the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX (AMX-19-IET-008 - IPhU).\r\nFinancial support from the World Laboratory, the Odon Vallet Foundation and VNSC is gratefully acknowledged. Tran Thi Thai was funded by Vingroup JSC and supported by the Master, PhD Scholarship Programme of Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), Institute of Big Data, code VINIF.2023.TS.108. This research was funded by Vingroup Innovation Foundation under project code VINIF.2023.DA.057.","intvolume":"       690","publication":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1","volume":690,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"day":"01","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"status":"public","external_id":{"isi":["001339205700015"],"arxiv":["2408.00517"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"No","OA_type":"diamond","file_date_updated":"2024-11-04T08:04:44Z","_id":"18493","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Context. The escape of Lyman-α photons at redshifts greater than two is an ongoing subject of study and an important quantity to further understanding of Lyman-α emitters (LAEs), the transmission of Lyman-α photons through the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium, and the impact these LAEs have on cosmic reionisation.\r\n\r\nAims. This study aims to assess the Lyman-α escape fraction, fesc, Lyα, over the redshift range 2.9 < z < 6.7, focusing on Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT/MUSE) selected, gravitationally lensed, intrinsically faint LAEs. These galaxies are of particular interest as the potential drivers of cosmic reionisation.\r\n\r\nMethods. We assessed fesc, Lyα in two ways: through an individual study of 96 LAEs behind the A2744 lensing cluster, with James Webb Space Telescope/Near-Infrared Camera (JWST/NIRCam) and HST data, and through a study of the global evolution of fesc, Lyα using the state-of-the-art luminosity functions for LAEs and the UV-selected ‘parent’ population (dust-corrected). We compared these studies to those in the literature based on brighter samples.\r\n\r\nResults. We find a negligible redshift evolution of fesc, Lyα for our individual galaxies; it is likely that it was washed out by significant intrinsic scatter. We observed a more significant evolution towards higher escape fractions with decreasing UV magnitude and fit this relation. When comparing the two luminosity functions to derive fesc, Lyα in a global sense, we saw agreement with previous literature when integrating the luminosity functions to a bright limit. However, when integrating using a faint limit equivalent to the observational limits of our samples, we observed enhanced values of fesc, Lyα, particularly around z ∼ 6, where fesc, Lyα becomes consistent with 100% escape. This indicates for the faint regimes we sampled that galaxies towards reionisation tend to allow very large fractions of Lyman-α photons to escape. We interpret this as evidence of a lack of any significant dust in these populations; our sample is likely dominated by young, highly star-forming chemically unevolved galaxies. Finally, we assessed the contribution of the LAE population to reionisation using our latest values for fesc, Lyα and the LAE luminosity density. The dependence on the escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons is strong, but for values similar to those observed recently in z ∼ 3 LAEs and high-redshift analogues, LAEs could provide all the ionising emissivity necessary for reionisation."}],"oa":1,"month":"10","citation":{"ieee":"I. Goovaerts <i>et al.</i>, “Charting the Lyman-α escape fraction in the range 2.9 &#60; z &#60; 6.7 and consequences for the LAE reionisation contribution,” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690. EDP Sciences, 2024.","mla":"Goovaerts, I., et al. “Charting the Lyman-α Escape Fraction in the Range 2.9 &#60; z &#60; 6.7 and Consequences for the LAE Reionisation Contribution.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690, A302, EDP Sciences, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451432\">10.1051/0004-6361/202451432</a>.","short":"I. Goovaerts, T.T. Thai, R. Pello, P. Tuan-Anh, N. Laporte, J.J. Matthee, T. Nanayakkara, J. Pharo, Astronomy and Astrophysics 690 (2024).","apa":"Goovaerts, I., Thai, T. T., Pello, R., Tuan-Anh, P., Laporte, N., Matthee, J. J., … Pharo, J. (2024). Charting the Lyman-α escape fraction in the range 2.9 &#60; z &#60; 6.7 and consequences for the LAE reionisation contribution. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451432\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451432</a>","ama":"Goovaerts I, Thai TT, Pello R, et al. Charting the Lyman-α escape fraction in the range 2.9 &#60; z &#60; 6.7 and consequences for the LAE reionisation contribution. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 2024;690. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451432\">10.1051/0004-6361/202451432</a>","chicago":"Goovaerts, I., T. T. Thai, R. Pello, P. Tuan-Anh, N. Laporte, Jorryt J Matthee, T. Nanayakkara, and J. Pharo. “Charting the Lyman-α Escape Fraction in the Range 2.9 &#60; z &#60; 6.7 and Consequences for the LAE Reionisation Contribution.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451432\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451432</a>.","ista":"Goovaerts I, Thai TT, Pello R, Tuan-Anh P, Laporte N, Matthee JJ, Nanayakkara T, Pharo J. 2024. Charting the Lyman-α escape fraction in the range 2.9 &#60; z &#60; 6.7 and consequences for the LAE reionisation contribution. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 690, A302."},"type":"journal_article","OA_place":"publisher","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"EDP Sciences","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:28:28Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"}},{"oa":1,"month":"10","type":"journal_article","citation":{"apa":"Eilers, A. C., Mackenzie, R., Pizzati, E., Matthee, J. J., Hennawi, J. F., Zhang, H., … Schaye, J. (2024). EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>","short":"A.C. Eilers, R. Mackenzie, E. Pizzati, J.J. Matthee, J.F. Hennawi, H. Zhang, R. Bordoloi, D. Kashino, S.J. Lilly, R.P. Naidu, R.A. Simcoe, M. Yue, C.S. Frenk, J.C. Helly, M. Schaller, J. Schaye, Astrophysical Journal 974 (2024).","chicago":"Eilers, Anna Christina, Ruari Mackenzie, Elia Pizzati, Jorryt J Matthee, Joseph F. Hennawi, Haowen Zhang, Rongmon Bordoloi, et al. “EIGER. VI. The Correlation Function, Host Halo Mass, and Duty Cycle of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>.","ista":"Eilers AC, Mackenzie R, Pizzati E, Matthee JJ, Hennawi JF, Zhang H, Bordoloi R, Kashino D, Lilly SJ, Naidu RP, Simcoe RA, Yue M, Frenk CS, Helly JC, Schaller M, Schaye J. 2024. EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. Astrophysical Journal. 974(2), 275.","ama":"Eilers AC, Mackenzie R, Pizzati E, et al. EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;974(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>","ieee":"A. C. Eilers <i>et al.</i>, “EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6,” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 974, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.","mla":"Eilers, Anna Christina, et al. “EIGER. VI. The Correlation Function, Host Halo Mass, and Duty Cycle of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 974, no. 2, 275, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b</a>."},"_id":"18494","abstract":[{"text":"We expect luminous (M 1450 ≲ −26.5) high-redshift quasars to trace the highest-density peaks in the early Universe. Here, we present observations of four z ≳ 6 quasar fields using JWST/NIRCam in the imaging and wide-field slitless spectroscopy mode and report a wide range in the number of detected [O iii]-emitting galaxies in the quasars’ environments, ranging between a density enhancement of δ ≈ 65 within a 2 cMpc radius—one of the largest protoclusters during the Epoch of Reionization discovered to date—to a density contrast consistent with zero, indicating the presence of a UV-luminous quasar in a region comparable to the average density of the Universe. By measuring the two-point cross-correlation function of quasars and their surrounding galaxies, as well as the galaxy autocorrelation function, we infer a correlation length of quasars at 〈z〉 = 6.25 of r 0 QQ = 22.0 − 2.9 + 3.0 cMpc h − 1 , while we obtain a correlation length of the [O iii]-emitting galaxies of r 0 GG = 4.1 ± 0.3 cMpc h − 1 . By comparing the correlation functions to dark-matter-only simulations we estimate the minimum mass of the quasars’ host dark matter halos to be log 10 ( M halo , min / M ⊙ ) = 12.43 − 0.15 + 0.13 (and log 10 ( M halo , min [ OIII ] / M ⊙ ) = 10.56 − 0.03 + 0.05 for the [O iii] emitters), indicating that (a) luminous quasars do not necessarily reside within the most overdense regions in the early Universe, and that (b) the UV-luminous duty cycle of quasar activity at these redshifts is f duty ≪ 1. Such short quasar activity timescales challenge our understanding of early supermassive black hole growth and provide evidence for highly dust-obscured growth phases or episodic, radiatively inefficient accretion rates.","lang":"eng"}],"OA_place":"publisher","DOAJ_listed":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:29:05Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"EIGER. VI. The correlation function, host halo mass, and duty cycle of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6","article_number":"275","date_created":"2024-11-03T23:01:45Z","author":[{"full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina","first_name":"Anna Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"first_name":"Ruari","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","last_name":"Mackenzie"},{"full_name":"Pizzati, Elia","first_name":"Elia","last_name":"Pizzati"},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee"},{"first_name":"Joseph F.","full_name":"Hennawi, Joseph F.","last_name":"Hennawi"},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Haowen","first_name":"Haowen"},{"first_name":"Rongmon","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon","last_name":"Bordoloi"},{"first_name":"Daichi","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi","last_name":"Kashino"},{"full_name":"Lilly, Simon J.","first_name":"Simon J.","last_name":"Lilly"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"last_name":"Simcoe","full_name":"Simcoe, Robert A.","first_name":"Robert A."},{"last_name":"Yue","first_name":"Minghao","full_name":"Yue, Minghao"},{"full_name":"Frenk, Carlos S.","first_name":"Carlos S.","last_name":"Frenk"},{"first_name":"John C.","full_name":"Helly, John C.","last_name":"Helly"},{"first_name":"Matthieu","full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu","last_name":"Schaller"},{"last_name":"Schaye","first_name":"Joop","full_name":"Schaye, Joop"}],"issue":"2","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"18496","success":1,"checksum":"1fcac3d11d01d91cf2bb4963b6e10b22","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-11-04T08:42:23Z","file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJour_Eilers.pdf","date_created":"2024-11-04T08:42:23Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":1042470}],"date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","project":[{"grant_number":"101076224","_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization"}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Astrophysical Journal","year":"2024","volume":974,"acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for the thoughtful comments, which significantly improved our manuscript, and Jan-Torge Schindler, Jiamu Huang, and Feige Wang for helpful discussions.\r\n\r\nJ.F.H. and E.P. acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 885301). J.M. acknowledges support from the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224).\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The JWST data presented in this article were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. The specific observations analyzed are associated with program #1243 and can be accessed via doi:10.17909/m5mp-5v90.\r\n\r\nThis work used the DiRAC Memory Intensive service (Cosma8) at the University of Durham, which is part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). Access to DiRAC resources was granted through a Directors Discretionary Time allocation in 2023/24, under the auspices of the UKRI-funded DiRAC Federation Project. The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1, Durham University and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure.\r\n\r\nWe thank the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA-CSIC), Centro de Supercomputacion de Galicia (CESGA), and Spanish Academic and Research Network (RedIRIS) in Spain for hosting Uchuu DR1, DR2, and DR3 in the Skies & Universes site for cosmological simulations. The Uchuu simulations were carried out on the Aterui II supercomputer at the Center for Computational Astrophysics, CfCA, of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and the K computer at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science. The Uchuu Data Releases efforts have made use of the skunIAA_RedIRIS and skun6IAA computer facilities managed by the IAA-CSIC in Spain (MICINN EU-Feder grant EQC2018-004366-P).","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad778b","ddc":["520"],"intvolume":"       974","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001338877100001"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","file_date_updated":"2024-11-04T08:42:23Z","OA_type":"gold"},{"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:40:22Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"3155-3175","oa":1,"type":"journal_article","month":"11","citation":{"mla":"Pizzati, Elia, et al. “A Unified Model for the Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z ≈ 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 3155–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>.","ieee":"E. Pizzati <i>et al.</i>, “A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 3155–3175, 2024.","ama":"Pizzati E, Hennawi JF, Schaye J, et al. A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;534(4):3155-3175. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>","chicago":"Pizzati, Elia, Joseph F. Hennawi, Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller, Anna Christina Eilers, Feige Wang, Carlos S. Frenk, et al. “A Unified Model for the Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z ≈ 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>.","ista":"Pizzati E, Hennawi JF, Schaye J, Schaller M, Eilers AC, Wang F, Frenk CS, Elbers W, Helly JC, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Bordoloi R, Kashino D, Naidu RP, Yue M. 2024. A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 534(4), 3155–3175.","apa":"Pizzati, E., Hennawi, J. F., Schaye, J., Schaller, M., Eilers, A. C., Wang, F., … Yue, M. (2024). A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>","short":"E. Pizzati, J.F. Hennawi, J. Schaye, M. Schaller, A.C. Eilers, F. Wang, C.S. Frenk, W. Elbers, J.C. Helly, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, R. Bordoloi, D. Kashino, R.P. Naidu, M. Yue, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (2024) 3155–3175."},"_id":"18523","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recent observations from the EIGER JWST program have measured for the first time the quasar–galaxy cross-correlation function at z ≈ 6. The autocorrelation function of faint z ≈ 6 quasars was also recently estimated. These measurements provide key insights into the properties of quasars and galaxies at high redshift and their relation with the host dark matter haloes. In this work, we interpret these data building upon an empirical quasar population model that has been applied successfully to quasar clustering and demographic measurements at z ≈ 2–4. We use a new, large-volume N-body simulation with more than a trillion particles, FLAMINGO-10k, to model quasars and galaxies simultaneously. We successfully reproduce observations of z ≈ 6 quasars and galaxies (i.e. their clustering properties and luminosity functions), and infer key quantities such as their luminosity–halo mass relation, the mass function of their host haloes, and their duty cycle/occupation fraction. Our key findings\r\nare (i) quasars reside on average in ≈ 1012.5 M haloes (corresponding to ≈ 5σ fluctuations in the initial conditions of the linear density field), but the distribution of host halo masses is quite broad; (ii) the duty cycle of (UV-bright) quasar activity is relatively low (≈ 1 per cent); (iii) galaxies (that are bright in [O III]) live in much smaller haloes (≈ 1010.9 M) and have a larger duty cycle (occupation fraction) of ≈ 13 per cent. Finally, we focus on the inferred properties of quasars and present a homogeneous analysis of their evolution with redshift. The picture that emerges reveals a strong evolution of the host halo mass and duty cycle of quasars at z ≈ 2–6, and calls for new investigations of the role of quasar activity across cosmic time."}],"OA_place":"publisher","DOAJ_listed":"1","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001335663900008"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"day":"01","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"file_date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","OA_type":"gold","author":[{"first_name":"Elia","full_name":"Pizzati, Elia","last_name":"Pizzati"},{"last_name":"Hennawi","full_name":"Hennawi, Joseph F.","first_name":"Joseph F."},{"last_name":"Schaye","full_name":"Schaye, Joop","first_name":"Joop"},{"first_name":"Matthieu","full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu","last_name":"Schaller"},{"first_name":"Anna Christina","full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"full_name":"Wang, Feige","first_name":"Feige","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Frenk","full_name":"Frenk, Carlos S.","first_name":"Carlos S."},{"full_name":"Elbers, Willem","first_name":"Willem","last_name":"Elbers"},{"last_name":"Helly","full_name":"Helly, John C.","first_name":"John C."},{"last_name":"Mackenzie","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"},{"last_name":"Bordoloi","first_name":"Rongmon","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon"},{"last_name":"Kashino","first_name":"Daichi","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi"},{"last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P."},{"first_name":"Minghao","full_name":"Yue, Minghao","last_name":"Yue"}],"title":"A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6","date_created":"2024-11-10T23:01:58Z","issue":"4","file":[{"file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Pizzati.pdf","date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"9ea6285dd1d04d7a9e7b40a4c9e11edb","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"18542","success":1,"file_size":2954312,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z"}],"date_published":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","year":"2024","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","volume":534,"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Junya Arita and the SHELLQs team for sharing their data on the quasar autocorrelation function and to Jan-Torge Schindler for discussion on the QLF. We acknowledge helpful conversations with the ENIGMA group at UC Santa Barbara and Leiden University. EP is grateful to Rob McGibbon and Victor Forouhar Moreno for help with the simulation outputs, and to Timo Kist, Jiamu Huang, and Vikram Khaire for comments on an early version of the manuscript. JFH and EP acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 885301). This work is partly supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860744 (BiD4BESt). FW acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-2308258. This work used the DiRAC Memory Intensive service (Cosma8) at the University of Durham, which is part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). Access to DiRAC resources was granted through a Director’s Discretionary Time allocation in 2023/24, under the auspices of the UKRI-funded\r\nDiRAC Federation Project. The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1, Durham University, and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure.","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2307","ddc":["520"],"intvolume":"       534"},{"article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_name":"2024_AstronomyAstrophysics_diCesare.pdf","checksum":"24c65a64047aba156f39b01425269bdb","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"18533","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2024-11-11T08:54:11Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":8033864,"date_created":"2024-11-11T08:54:11Z","creator":"dernst"}],"author":[{"id":"2d002343-372f-11ef-98ec-a164d20427cb","last_name":"Di Cesare","full_name":"Di Cesare, Claudia","first_name":"Claudia"},{"last_name":"Ginolfi","full_name":"Ginolfi, M.","first_name":"M."},{"last_name":"Graziani","first_name":"L.","full_name":"Graziani, L."},{"first_name":"R.","full_name":"Schneider, R.","last_name":"Schneider"},{"last_name":"Romano","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Romano, M."},{"last_name":"Popping","full_name":"Popping, G.","first_name":"G."}],"article_number":"A255","date_created":"2024-11-10T23:02:00Z","title":"Carbon envelopes around merging galaxies at z ~ 4.5","intvolume":"       690","ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202449164","acknowledgement":"The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for the useful suggestions which improved this article. This paper is based on data obtained with the ALMA Observatory, under Large Program 2017.1.00428.L. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. CDC would like to thank the GESO group at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) for the useful discussions while preparing this manuscript. The simulated data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author. CDC acknowledged support from Sapienza University of Rome program “Bando per la mobilità individuale all’estero” (DR n.1607 del 14 June 2021) during the visiting period (June-November 2022) at ESO Garching, Germany. LG and RS acknowledge support from the PRIN 2022 MUR project 2022CB3PJ3 – First Light And Galaxy aSsembly (FLAGS) funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU, and from the Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP:B81I18001170001). MR acknowledges support from the Narodowe Centrum Nauki (UMO-2020/38/E/ST9/00077) and support from the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) under the program START 063.2023. We have benefited from the publicly available software CASA and CARTA and programming language Python, including the numpy (https://numpy.org), matplotlib (https://matplotlib.org), scipy (https://scipy.org) and astropy (http://www.astropy.org) packages. ","volume":690,"publication":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"status":"public","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"arxiv":["2401.03020"],"isi":["001332213700013"]},"publication_status":"published","OA_type":"hybrid","file_date_updated":"2024-11-11T08:54:11Z","abstract":[{"text":"Context. Galaxies evolve through a dynamic exchange of material with their immediate surrounding environment, the so-called circumgalactic medium (CGM). Understanding the physics of gas flows and the nature of the CGM is fundamental to studying galaxy evolution, especially at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6 (i.e., after the Epoch of Reionization) when galaxies rapidly assembled their masses and reached their chemical maturity. Galactic outflows are predicted to enrich the CGM with metals, although it has also been suggested that gas stripping in systems undergoing a major merger may play a role.\r\n\r\nAims. In this work, we explore the metal enrichment of the medium around merging galaxies at z ∼ 4.5, observed by the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). To do so, we study the nature of the [CII] 158 μm emission in the CGM around these systems, using simulations to help disentangle the mechanisms contributing to the CGM metal pollution.\r\n\r\nMethods. By adopting an updated classification of major merger systems in the ALPINE survey, we selected and analyzed merging galaxies whose components can be spatially and/or spectrally resolved in a robust way. This makes it possible to distinguish between the [CII] emission coming from the single components of the system and that coming from the system as a whole. We also made use of the dustyGadget cosmological simulation to select synthetic analogs of observed galaxies and guide the interpretation of the observational results.\r\n\r\nResults. We find a large diffuse [CII] envelope (≳20 kpc) embedding all the merging systems, with at least 25% of the total [CII] emission coming from the medium between the galaxies. Using predictions from dustyGadget, we suggest that this emission has a multi-fold nature, with dynamical interactions between galaxies playing a major role in stripping the gas and enriching the medium with heavy elements.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"18527","type":"journal_article","citation":{"ieee":"C. Di Cesare, M. Ginolfi, L. Graziani, R. Schneider, M. Romano, and G. Popping, “Carbon envelopes around merging galaxies at z ~ 4.5,” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690. EDP Sciences, 2024.","mla":"Di Cesare, Claudia, et al. “Carbon Envelopes around Merging Galaxies at z ~ 4.5.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 690, A255, EDP Sciences, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449164\">10.1051/0004-6361/202449164</a>.","short":"C. Di Cesare, M. Ginolfi, L. Graziani, R. Schneider, M. Romano, G. Popping, Astronomy and Astrophysics 690 (2024).","apa":"Di Cesare, C., Ginolfi, M., Graziani, L., Schneider, R., Romano, M., &#38; Popping, G. (2024). Carbon envelopes around merging galaxies at z ~ 4.5. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449164\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449164</a>","ista":"Di Cesare C, Ginolfi M, Graziani L, Schneider R, Romano M, Popping G. 2024. Carbon envelopes around merging galaxies at z ~ 4.5. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 690, A255.","chicago":"Di Cesare, Claudia, M. Ginolfi, L. Graziani, R. Schneider, M. Romano, and G. Popping. “Carbon Envelopes around Merging Galaxies at z ~ 4.5.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449164\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449164</a>.","ama":"Di Cesare C, Ginolfi M, Graziani L, Schneider R, Romano M, Popping G. Carbon envelopes around merging galaxies at z ~ 4.5. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 2024;690. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449164\">10.1051/0004-6361/202449164</a>"},"month":"10","oa":1,"arxiv":1,"OA_place":"publisher","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"EDP Sciences","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:35:57Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"}},{"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_updated":"2025-09-09T11:40:09Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we describe the \"Medium Bands, Mega Science\" JWST Cycle 2 survey (JWST-GO-4111) and demonstrate the power of these data to reveal both the spatially integrated and spatially resolved properties of galaxies from the local Universe to the era of cosmic dawn. Executed in 2023 November, MegaScience obtained ∼30 arcmin2 of deep multiband NIRCam imaging centered on the z ∼ 0.3 A2744 cluster, including 11 medium-band filters and the two shortest-wavelength broadband filters, F070W and F090W. Together, MegaScience and the UNCOVER Cycle 1 treasury program provide a complete set of deep (∼28–30 magAB) images in all NIRCam medium- and broadband filters. This unique data set allows us to precisely constrain photometric redshifts, map stellar populations and dust attenuation for large samples of distant galaxies, and examine the connection between galaxy structures and formation histories. MegaScience also includes ∼17 arcmin2 of NIRISS parallel imaging in two broadband and four medium-band filters from 0.9 to 4.8 μm, expanding the footprint where robust spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is possible. We provide example SEDs and multiband cutouts at a variety of redshifts, and use a catalog of JWST spectroscopic redshifts to show that MegaScience improves both the scatter and catastrophic outlier rate of photometric redshifts by factors of 2–3. Additionally, we demonstrate the spatially resolved science enabled by MegaScience by presenting maps of the [O iii] line emission and continuum emission in three spectroscopically confirmed z > 6 galaxies. We show that line emission in reionization-era galaxies can be clumpy, extended, and spatially offset from continuum emission, implying that galaxy assembly histories are complex even at these early epochs. We publicly release fully reduced mosaics and photometric catalogs for both the NIRCam primary and NIRISS parallel fields (jwst-uncover.github.io/megascience)."}],"_id":"18584","month":"11","type":"journal_article","citation":{"mla":"Suess, Katherine A., et al. “Medium Bands, Mega Science: A JWST/NIRCam Medium-Band Imaging Survey of A2744.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 976, no. 1, 101, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe</a>.","ieee":"K. A. Suess <i>et al.</i>, “Medium bands, mega science: A JWST/NIRCam medium-band imaging survey of A2744,” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 976, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2024.","ama":"Suess KA, Weaver JR, Price SH, et al. Medium bands, mega science: A JWST/NIRCam medium-band imaging survey of A2744. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;976(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe</a>","ista":"Suess KA, Weaver JR, Price SH, Pan R, Wang B, Bezanson R, Brammer G, Cutler SE, Labbé I, Leja J, Williams CC, Whitaker KE, Atek H, Dayal P, De Graaff A, Feldmann R, Franx M, Fudamoto Y, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Goulding AD, Greene JE, Khullar G, Kokorev V, Kriek M, Lorenz B, Marchesini D, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Miller TB, Mitsuhashi I, Mowla LA, Muzzin A, Naidu RP, Nanayakkara T, Nelson EJ, Oesch PA, Setton DJ, Shipley H, Smit R, Spilker JS, Van Dokkum P, Zitrin A. 2024. Medium bands, mega science: A JWST/NIRCam medium-band imaging survey of A2744. Astrophysical Journal. 976(1), 101.","chicago":"Suess, Katherine A., John R. Weaver, Sedona H. Price, Richard Pan, Bingjie Wang, Rachel Bezanson, Gabriel Brammer, et al. “Medium Bands, Mega Science: A JWST/NIRCam Medium-Band Imaging Survey of A2744.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe</a>.","apa":"Suess, K. A., Weaver, J. R., Price, S. H., Pan, R., Wang, B., Bezanson, R., … Zitrin, A. (2024). Medium bands, mega science: A JWST/NIRCam medium-band imaging survey of A2744. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe</a>","short":"K.A. Suess, J.R. Weaver, S.H. Price, R. Pan, B. Wang, R. Bezanson, G. Brammer, S.E. Cutler, I. Labbé, J. Leja, C.C. Williams, K.E. Whitaker, H. Atek, P. Dayal, A. De Graaff, R. Feldmann, M. Franx, Y. Fudamoto, S. Fujimoto, L.J. Furtak, A.D. Goulding, J.E. Greene, G. Khullar, V. Kokorev, M. Kriek, B. Lorenz, D. Marchesini, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, T.B. Miller, I. Mitsuhashi, L.A. Mowla, A. Muzzin, R.P. Naidu, T. Nanayakkara, E.J. Nelson, P.A. Oesch, D.J. Setton, H. Shipley, R. Smit, J.S. Spilker, P. Van Dokkum, A. Zitrin, Astrophysical Journal 976 (2024)."},"oa":1,"arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"day":"14","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2404.13132"],"isi":["001355710500001"]},"publication_status":"published","OA_type":"gold","file_date_updated":"2024-12-10T08:18:53Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","file":[{"file_size":13352667,"date_created":"2024-12-10T08:18:53Z","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJournal_Suess.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"dcd854acee73ce998d70a4ce634ead6d","file_id":"18640","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2024-12-10T08:18:53Z","relation":"main_file"}],"issue":"1","article_number":"101","author":[{"last_name":"Suess","full_name":"Suess, Katherine A.","first_name":"Katherine A."},{"full_name":"Weaver, John R.","first_name":"John R.","last_name":"Weaver"},{"first_name":"Sedona H.","full_name":"Price, Sedona H.","last_name":"Price"},{"full_name":"Pan, Richard","first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Pan"},{"full_name":"Wang, Bingjie","first_name":"Bingjie","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Bezanson"},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel"},{"last_name":"Cutler","full_name":"Cutler, Sam E.","first_name":"Sam E."},{"full_name":"Labbé, Ivo","first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbé"},{"full_name":"Leja, Joel","first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Leja"},{"first_name":"Christina C.","full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","last_name":"Williams"},{"full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E.","first_name":"Katherine E.","last_name":"Whitaker"},{"last_name":"Atek","first_name":"Hakim","full_name":"Atek, Hakim"},{"last_name":"Dayal","first_name":"Pratika","full_name":"Dayal, Pratika"},{"first_name":"Anna","full_name":"De Graaff, Anna","last_name":"De Graaff"},{"last_name":"Feldmann","first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Feldmann, Robert"},{"last_name":"Franx","first_name":"Marijn","full_name":"Franx, Marijn"},{"last_name":"Fudamoto","first_name":"Yoshinobu","full_name":"Fudamoto, Yoshinobu"},{"last_name":"Fujimoto","full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji","first_name":"Seiji"},{"last_name":"Furtak","first_name":"Lukas J.","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J."},{"last_name":"Goulding","full_name":"Goulding, Andy D.","first_name":"Andy D."},{"last_name":"Greene","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E.","first_name":"Jenny E."},{"first_name":"Gourav","full_name":"Khullar, Gourav","last_name":"Khullar"},{"first_name":"Vasily","full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily","last_name":"Kokorev"},{"last_name":"Kriek","first_name":"Mariska","full_name":"Kriek, Mariska"},{"full_name":"Lorenz, Brian","first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Lorenz"},{"first_name":"Danilo","full_name":"Marchesini, Danilo","last_name":"Marchesini"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","first_name":"Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"last_name":"Miller","first_name":"Tim B.","full_name":"Miller, Tim B."},{"full_name":"Mitsuhashi, Ikki","first_name":"Ikki","last_name":"Mitsuhashi"},{"last_name":"Mowla","full_name":"Mowla, Lamiya A.","first_name":"Lamiya A."},{"last_name":"Muzzin","first_name":"Adam","full_name":"Muzzin, Adam"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"full_name":"Nanayakkara, Themiya","first_name":"Themiya","last_name":"Nanayakkara"},{"last_name":"Nelson","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J.","first_name":"Erica J."},{"last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","first_name":"Pascal A."},{"full_name":"Setton, David J.","first_name":"David J.","last_name":"Setton"},{"last_name":"Shipley","first_name":"Heath","full_name":"Shipley, Heath"},{"first_name":"Renske","full_name":"Smit, Renske","last_name":"Smit"},{"last_name":"Spilker","first_name":"Justin S.","full_name":"Spilker, Justin S."},{"last_name":"Van Dokkum","full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter","first_name":"Pieter"},{"full_name":"Zitrin, Adi","first_name":"Adi","last_name":"Zitrin"}],"title":"Medium bands, mega science: A JWST/NIRCam medium-band imaging survey of A2744","date_created":"2024-11-24T23:01:48Z","intvolume":"       976","ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad75fe","acknowledgement":"K.A.S. thanks Shelly Meyett, the MegaScience Program Coordinator, for invaluable assistance designing WOPR 88967 and ensuring that this program was fully observed. This proposal was conceived of and developed at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project #562. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The raw data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST Cycle 2 GO program #4111, and this project has gratefully made use of a large number of public JWST programs in the A2744 field including JWST-GO-2641, JWST-ERS-1324, JWST-DD-2756, JWST-GO-2883, JWST-GO-3538, and JWST-GO-3516. Support for program JWST-GO-4111 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Associations of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.\r\n\r\nThe Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. P.D. acknowledges support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (\"ODIN\") and warmly thanks the European Commission's and University of Groningen's CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The work of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. T.B.M. was supported by a CIERA Fellowship. H.A. is supported by CNES, focused on the JWST mission, and by the Programme National Cosmology and Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, co-funded by CEA and CNES. The BGU lensing group acknowledges support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF); by the Ministry of Science & Technology, Israel; and by the Israel Science Foundation grant No. 864/23. Y.F. acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP22K21349 and JP23K13149. R.P. and D.M. acknowledge funding from JWST-GO-02561.013 and JWST-GO-04111.035.","volume":976,"publication":"Astrophysical Journal","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1"},{"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","isi":1,"day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","external_id":{"isi":["001348009500001"]},"publication_status":"published","OA_type":"gold","file_date_updated":"2024-12-03T12:52:13Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-12-03T12:52:13Z","file_size":29476699,"date_updated":"2024-12-03T12:52:13Z","relation":"main_file","file_id":"18613","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","checksum":"efe0ce3580e01459f3be78eb111b35a9","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Meyer.pdf"}],"issue":"1","date_created":"2024-11-24T23:01:49Z","title":"JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 < z < 9.0 in the GOODS fields","author":[{"last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"R. A.","full_name":"Meyer, R. A."},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"P. A.","full_name":"Oesch, P. A."},{"last_name":"Giovinazzo","full_name":"Giovinazzo, E.","first_name":"E."},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Weibel, A.","last_name":"Weibel"},{"first_name":"G.","full_name":"Brammer, G.","last_name":"Brammer"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"},{"full_name":"Naidu, R. P.","first_name":"R. P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"full_name":"Bouwens, R. J.","first_name":"R. J.","last_name":"Bouwens"},{"last_name":"Chisholm","full_name":"Chisholm, J.","first_name":"J."},{"last_name":"Covelo-Paz","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Covelo-Paz, A."},{"full_name":"Fudamoto, Y.","first_name":"Y.","last_name":"Fudamoto"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Maseda, M.","last_name":"Maseda"},{"last_name":"Nelson","full_name":"Nelson, E.","first_name":"E."},{"first_name":"I.","full_name":"Shivaei, I.","last_name":"Shivaei"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Xiao, M.","last_name":"Xiao"},{"first_name":"T.","full_name":"Herard-Demanche, T.","last_name":"Herard-Demanche"},{"first_name":"G. D.","full_name":"Illingworth, G. D.","last_name":"Illingworth"},{"last_name":"Kerutt","full_name":"Kerutt, J.","first_name":"J."},{"last_name":"Kramarenko","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048","first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan"},{"first_name":"I.","full_name":"Labbe, I.","last_name":"Labbe"},{"last_name":"Leonova","full_name":"Leonova, E.","first_name":"E."},{"full_name":"Magee, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Magee"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Matharu, J.","last_name":"Matharu"},{"last_name":"Prieto Lyon","first_name":"G.","full_name":"Prieto Lyon, G."},{"full_name":"Reddy, N.","first_name":"N.","last_name":"Reddy"},{"last_name":"Schaerer","full_name":"Schaerer, D.","first_name":"D."},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Shapley, A.","last_name":"Shapley"},{"full_name":"Stefanon, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Stefanon"},{"last_name":"Wozniak","first_name":"M. A.","full_name":"Wozniak, M. A."},{"last_name":"Wuyts","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Wuyts, S."}],"intvolume":"       535","ddc":["520"],"acknowledgement":"The authors thank the anonymous referee for comments and suggestions which improved this paper. RAM thanks R. Kannan for sharing emission line luminosities from THESAN and H. Katz for similar data from an early version of the SPHINX20 data release (we use the final data release in this paper). The authors thank the CONGRESS team for proposing and designing their program with a zero exclusive access period.\r\nRAM, PA, ACP, and AW acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. PA, AW, EG, and MX acknowledge support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072. YF acknowledges support by JSPS KAKENHI grant number JP22K21349 and JP23K13149. RPN acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. MS acknowledges support from the European Research Commission Grant 101088789 (SFEER), from the CIDEGENT/2021/059 grant by Generalitat Valenciana, and from project PID2019-109592GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Agencia Estatal de Investigación. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant no. 140. Cloud-based data processing and file storage for this work is provided by the AWS Cloud Credits for Research program. RJB and MS acknowledges support from NWO grant TOP1.16.057.\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The raw data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST Cycle 1 GO program #1895. Support for program JWST-GO-1895 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Associations of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2353","volume":535,"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Oxford University Press","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:47:58Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present the census of Hβ+[OIII] 4960,5008 Åemitters at 6.8<z<9.0 from the JWST FRESCO survey over 124 arcmin2 in the GOODS-North and GOODS-South fields. Our unbiased spectroscopic search results in 137 spectroscopically-confirmed galaxies at 6.8<z<9.0 with observed [OIII] fluxes f[OIII]≳1×10−18 ergs s−1 cm−2. The rest-frame optical line ratios of the median stacked spectrum (median MUV=−19.65+0.59−1.05) indicate negligible dust attenuation, low metallicity (12+log(O/H)=7.2−7.7) and a high ionisation parameter log10U≃−2.5. We find a factor ×1.3 difference in the number density of 6.8<z<9.0 galaxies between GOODS-South and GOODS-North, which is caused by a single overdensity at 7.0<z<7.2 in GOODS-North. The bright end of the UV luminosity function of spectroscopically-confirmed [OIII] emitters is in good agreement with HST dropout-selected samples. Discrepancies between the observed [OIII] LF, [OIII]/UV ratio and [OIII] equivalent widths, and that predicted by theoretical models, suggest burstier star-formation histories and/or more heterogeneous metallicity and ionising conditions in z>7 galaxies. We report a rapid decline of the [OIII] luminosity density at z≳6−7 which cannot be explained by the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate density. Finally we find that FRESCO detects in only 2h galaxies likely accounting for ∼10−20% of the ionising budget at z=7−8 (assuming an escape fraction of 10%), raising the prospect of directly detecting a significant fraction of the sources of reionisation with JWST."}],"_id":"18585","month":"11","type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"R.A. Meyer, P.A. Oesch, E. Giovinazzo, A. Weibel, G. Brammer, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, R.J. Bouwens, J. Chisholm, A. Covelo-Paz, Y. Fudamoto, M. Maseda, E. Nelson, I. Shivaei, M. Xiao, T. Herard-Demanche, G.D. Illingworth, J. Kerutt, I. Kramarenko, I. Labbe, E. Leonova, D. Magee, J. Matharu, G. Prieto Lyon, N. Reddy, D. Schaerer, A. Shapley, M. Stefanon, M.A. Wozniak, S. Wuyts, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 535 (2024) 1067–1094.","apa":"Meyer, R. A., Oesch, P. A., Giovinazzo, E., Weibel, A., Brammer, G., Matthee, J. J., … Wuyts, S. (2024). JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>","chicago":"Meyer, R. A., P. A. Oesch, E. Giovinazzo, A. Weibel, G. Brammer, Jorryt J Matthee, R. P. Naidu, et al. “JWST FRESCO: A Comprehensive Census of H β + [O Iii] Emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS Fields.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>.","ista":"Meyer RA, Oesch PA, Giovinazzo E, Weibel A, Brammer G, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Bouwens RJ, Chisholm J, Covelo-Paz A, Fudamoto Y, Maseda M, Nelson E, Shivaei I, Xiao M, Herard-Demanche T, Illingworth GD, Kerutt J, Kramarenko I, Labbe I, Leonova E, Magee D, Matharu J, Prieto Lyon G, Reddy N, Schaerer D, Shapley A, Stefanon M, Wozniak MA, Wuyts S. 2024. JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 535(1), 1067–1094.","ama":"Meyer RA, Oesch PA, Giovinazzo E, et al. JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;535(1):1067-1094. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>","mla":"Meyer, R. A., et al. “JWST FRESCO: A Comprehensive Census of H β + [O Iii] Emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS Fields.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 535, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 1067–94, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>.","ieee":"R. A. Meyer <i>et al.</i>, “JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 535, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1067–1094, 2024."},"oa":1,"page":"1067-1094","DOAJ_listed":"1","OA_place":"publisher"},{"OA_place":"publisher","arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"18760","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields Vrot = 305 ± 70 km s−1, and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of re = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, (math formula). This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within re. We also observe that the radial Hα equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to re. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe."}],"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","citation":{"ieee":"E. Nelson <i>et al.</i>, “Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4,” <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 976, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.","mla":"Nelson, Erica, et al. “Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4.” <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, vol. 976, no. 2, L27, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17\">10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17</a>.","ama":"Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, et al. Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. 2024;976(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17\">10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17</a>","ista":"Nelson E, Brammer G, Giménez-Arteaga C, Oesch PA, Naidu RP, Übler H, Matharu J, Shapley AE, Whitaker KE, Wisnioski E, Förster Schreiber NM, Smit R, Van Dokkum P, Chisholm J, Endsley R, Hartley AI, Gibson J, Giovinazzo E, Illingworth G, Labbe I, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Covelo Paz A, Price SH, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Weibel A, Wuyts S, Xiao M, Alberts S, Baker WM, Bunker AJ, Cameron AJ, Charlot S, Eisenstein DJ, De Graaff A, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Maiolino R, Robertson B, Sandles L, Suess KA, Tacchella S, Williams CC, Witstok J. 2024. Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 976(2), L27.","chicago":"Nelson, Erica, Gabriel Brammer, Clara Giménez-Arteaga, Pascal A. Oesch, Rohan P. Naidu, Hannah Übler, Jasleen Matharu, et al. “Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4.” <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17</a>.","apa":"Nelson, E., Brammer, G., Giménez-Arteaga, C., Oesch, P. A., Naidu, R. P., Übler, H., … Witstok, J. (2024). Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4. <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17\">https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17</a>","short":"E. Nelson, G. Brammer, C. Giménez-Arteaga, P.A. Oesch, R.P. Naidu, H. Übler, J. Matharu, A.E. Shapley, K.E. Whitaker, E. Wisnioski, N.M. Förster Schreiber, R. Smit, P. Van Dokkum, J. Chisholm, R. Endsley, A.I. Hartley, J. Gibson, E. Giovinazzo, G. Illingworth, I. Labbe, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, A. Covelo Paz, S.H. Price, N.A. Reddy, I. Shivaei, A. Weibel, S. Wuyts, M. Xiao, S. Alberts, W.M. Baker, A.J. Bunker, A.J. Cameron, S. Charlot, D.J. Eisenstein, A. De Graaff, Z. Ji, B.D. Johnson, G.C. Jones, R. Maiolino, B. Robertson, L. Sandles, K.A. Suess, S. Tacchella, C.C. Williams, J. Witstok, Astrophysical Journal Letters 976 (2024)."},"month":"12","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-09T11:58:02Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"ddc":["520"],"doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17","acknowledgement":"We thank the reviewer and editorial staff for their excellent feedback and effort—the manuscript is much stronger as a result. Support for this work was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. H.Ü. gratefully acknowledges support by the Isaac Newton Trust and by the Kavli Foundation through a Newton-Kavli Junior Fellowship. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. R.S. acknowledges an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/S004831/1). R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. M.V.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation via AAG grant 2205519 and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation via grant MSN251397. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society. A.J.B., A.J.C., and G.C.J. acknowledge funding from the \"FirstGalaxies\" Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056). I.L. acknowledges support by the Australian Research Council through Future Fellowship FT220100798. D.J.E. is supported as a Simons Investigator and by a JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. R.M., J.W., L.S., and W.B. acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the ERC through advanced grant 695671 \"QUENCH,\" and the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. B.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The HST and JWST image mosaics of the FRESCO fields are released at MAST as a High Level Science Product (P. Oesch & D. Magee 2023).","intvolume":"       976","year":"2024","publication":"Astrophysical Journal Letters","scopus_import":"1","volume":976,"date_published":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"letter_note","author":[{"first_name":"Erica","full_name":"Nelson, Erica","last_name":"Nelson"},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel"},{"last_name":"Giménez-Arteaga","first_name":"Clara","full_name":"Giménez-Arteaga, Clara"},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"Pascal A.","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A."},{"last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Übler","first_name":"Hannah","full_name":"Übler, Hannah"},{"last_name":"Matharu","full_name":"Matharu, Jasleen","first_name":"Jasleen"},{"first_name":"Alice E.","full_name":"Shapley, Alice E.","last_name":"Shapley"},{"first_name":"Katherine E.","full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E.","last_name":"Whitaker"},{"first_name":"Emily","full_name":"Wisnioski, Emily","last_name":"Wisnioski"},{"full_name":"Förster Schreiber, Natascha M.","first_name":"Natascha M.","last_name":"Förster Schreiber"},{"full_name":"Smit, Renske","first_name":"Renske","last_name":"Smit"},{"last_name":"Van Dokkum","full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter","first_name":"Pieter"},{"last_name":"Chisholm","first_name":"John","full_name":"Chisholm, John"},{"last_name":"Endsley","first_name":"Ryan","full_name":"Endsley, Ryan"},{"full_name":"Hartley, Abigail I.","first_name":"Abigail I.","last_name":"Hartley"},{"last_name":"Gibson","full_name":"Gibson, Justus","first_name":"Justus"},{"full_name":"Giovinazzo, Emma","first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Giovinazzo"},{"first_name":"Garth","full_name":"Illingworth, Garth","last_name":"Illingworth"},{"last_name":"Labbe","full_name":"Labbe, Ivo","first_name":"Ivo"},{"last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"Michael V.","full_name":"Maseda, Michael V."},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"},{"last_name":"Covelo Paz","first_name":"Alba","full_name":"Covelo Paz, Alba"},{"last_name":"Price","full_name":"Price, Sedona H.","first_name":"Sedona H."},{"last_name":"Reddy","full_name":"Reddy, Naveen A.","first_name":"Naveen A."},{"last_name":"Shivaei","first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"},{"last_name":"Weibel","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea"},{"full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn","first_name":"Stijn","last_name":"Wuyts"},{"first_name":"Mengyuan","full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"},{"first_name":"Stacey","full_name":"Alberts, Stacey","last_name":"Alberts"},{"last_name":"Baker","full_name":"Baker, William M.","first_name":"William M."},{"full_name":"Bunker, Andrew J.","first_name":"Andrew J.","last_name":"Bunker"},{"first_name":"Alex J.","full_name":"Cameron, Alex J.","last_name":"Cameron"},{"last_name":"Charlot","first_name":"Stephane","full_name":"Charlot, Stephane"},{"full_name":"Eisenstein, Daniel J.","first_name":"Daniel J.","last_name":"Eisenstein"},{"last_name":"De Graaff","full_name":"De Graaff, Anna","first_name":"Anna"},{"first_name":"Zhiyuan","full_name":"Ji, Zhiyuan","last_name":"Ji"},{"last_name":"Johnson","first_name":"Benjamin D.","full_name":"Johnson, Benjamin D."},{"last_name":"Jones","full_name":"Jones, Gareth C.","first_name":"Gareth C."},{"last_name":"Maiolino","full_name":"Maiolino, Roberto","first_name":"Roberto"},{"last_name":"Robertson","full_name":"Robertson, Brant","first_name":"Brant"},{"last_name":"Sandles","first_name":"Lester","full_name":"Sandles, Lester"},{"last_name":"Suess","full_name":"Suess, Katherine A.","first_name":"Katherine A."},{"last_name":"Tacchella","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro","first_name":"Sandro"},{"first_name":"Christina C.","full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","last_name":"Williams"},{"last_name":"Witstok","full_name":"Witstok, Joris","first_name":"Joris"}],"title":"Ionized gas kinematics with FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z = 5.4","date_created":"2025-01-05T23:01:58Z","article_number":"L27","file":[{"file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJour_Nelson.pdf","file_id":"18771","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"checksum":"5c7320196586b4340e55f215d8737185","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-01-08T08:18:39Z","relation":"main_file","file_size":1822989,"date_created":"2025-01-08T08:18:39Z","creator":"dernst"}],"issue":"2","OA_type":"gold","file_date_updated":"2025-01-08T08:18:39Z","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-8205"],"eissn":["2041-8213"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","isi":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2310.06887"],"isi":["001364636000001"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes"},{"_id":"14852","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The physical conditions giving rise to high escape fractions of ionizing radiation (LyC fesc) in star-forming galaxies – most likely protagonists of cosmic reionization – are not yet fully understood. Using the VLT/MUSE observations of ∼1400 Ly α emitters at 2.9 &amp;lt; z &amp;lt; 6.7, we compare stacked rest-frame UV spectra of candidates for LyC leakers and non-leakers selected based on their Ly α profiles. We find that the stacks of potential LyC leakers, i.e. galaxies with narrow, symmetric Ly α profiles with small peak separation, generally show (i) strong nebular O iii]λ1666, [Si iii]λ1883, and [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 emission, indicating a high-ionization state of the interstellar medium (ISM); (ii) high equivalent widths of He iiλ1640 (∼1 − 3 Å), suggesting the presence of hard ionizing radiation fields; (iii) Si ii*λ1533 emission, revealing substantial amounts of neutral hydrogen off the line of sight; (iv) high C ivλλ1548,1550 to [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 ratios (C iv/C iii] ≳0.75) , signalling the presence of low column density channels in the ISM. In contrast, the stacks with broad, asymmetric Ly α profiles with large peak separation show weak nebular emission lines, low He iiλ1640 equivalent widths (≲1 Å), and low C iv/C iii] (≲0.25), implying low-ionization states and high-neutral hydrogen column densities. Our results suggest that C iv/C iii] might be sensitive to the physical conditions that govern LyC photon escape, providing a promising tool for identification of ionizing sources among star-forming galaxies in the epoch of reionization."}],"oa":1,"page":"9853-9871","month":"02","type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"I. Kramarenko, J. Kerutt, A. Verhamme, P.A. Oesch, L. Barrufet, J.J. Matthee, H. Kusakabe, I. Goovaerts, T.T. Thai, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (2024) 9853–9871.","apa":"Kramarenko, I., Kerutt, J., Verhamme, A., Oesch, P. A., Barrufet, L., Matthee, J. J., … Thai, T. T. (2024). Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>","ama":"Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, et al. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;527(4):9853-9871. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>","chicago":"Kramarenko, Ivan, J Kerutt, A Verhamme, P A Oesch, L Barrufet, Jorryt J Matthee, H Kusakabe, I Goovaerts, and T T Thai. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>.","ista":"Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, Oesch PA, Barrufet L, Matthee JJ, Kusakabe H, Goovaerts I, Thai TT. 2024. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527(4), 9853–9871.","ieee":"I. Kramarenko <i>et al.</i>, “Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 9853–9871, 2024.","mla":"Kramarenko, Ivan, et al. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 9853–71, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>."},"DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Oxford University Press","corr_author":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2025-09-04T11:51:50Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_published":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","date_created":"2024-01-22T08:22:17Z","author":[{"last_name":"Kramarenko","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048","first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan"},{"full_name":"Kerutt, J","first_name":"J","last_name":"Kerutt"},{"first_name":"A","full_name":"Verhamme, A","last_name":"Verhamme"},{"first_name":"P A","full_name":"Oesch, P A","last_name":"Oesch"},{"first_name":"L","full_name":"Barrufet, L","last_name":"Barrufet"},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"},{"last_name":"Kusakabe","full_name":"Kusakabe, H","first_name":"H"},{"full_name":"Goovaerts, I","first_name":"I","last_name":"Goovaerts"},{"first_name":"T T","full_name":"Thai, T T","last_name":"Thai"}],"title":"Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape","file":[{"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2024-01-23T12:30:45Z","checksum":"9d02df4035c4951cf63dee0db1e462e9","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"14879","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_name":"2024_MNAstronomSoc_Kramarenko.pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-01-23T12:30:45Z","file_size":4521738}],"issue":"4","ddc":["520"],"acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for the constructive feedback that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Michael Maseda, Daniel Schaerer, Charlotte Simmonds, and Rashmi Gottumukkala for useful comments and productive discussions. We also thank the organizers and participants of the 24th MUSE Science Busy Week in Leiden. IGK acknowledges an Excellence Master Fellowship granted by the Faculty of Science of the University of Geneva. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant number 200020_207349 and SNSF Professorship grant number 190079. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant number 140. This paper is based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 094.A-0289(B), 095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), 096.A-0045(B), 094.A-0205, 095.A-0240, 096.A-0090, 097.A-0160, and 098.A-0017. We made extensive use of several open-source software packages and we are thankful to the respective authors for sharing their work: NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2022), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), IPYTHON (Perez & Granger 2007), and TOPCAT (Taylor 2005).","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3853","intvolume":"       527","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1","volume":527,"day":"01","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"isi":1,"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","external_id":{"isi":["001133672400004"],"arxiv":["2305.07044"]},"publication_status":"published","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoMa"}],"file_date_updated":"2024-01-23T12:30:45Z"},{"file":[{"file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Greene.pdf","date_updated":"2024-03-25T08:02:43Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"389a880e176799d5c062ea7cb82d08c9","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"15176","access_level":"open_access","file_size":2700137,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-03-25T08:02:43Z"}],"date_created":"2024-03-24T23:00:59Z","author":[{"last_name":"Greene","first_name":"Jenny E.","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E."},{"last_name":"Labbe","first_name":"Ivo","full_name":"Labbe, Ivo"},{"last_name":"Goulding","full_name":"Goulding, Andy D.","first_name":"Andy D."},{"last_name":"Furtak","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J.","first_name":"Lukas J."},{"last_name":"Chemerynska","full_name":"Chemerynska, Iryna","first_name":"Iryna"},{"full_name":"Kokorev, Vasily","first_name":"Vasily","last_name":"Kokorev"},{"first_name":"Pratika","full_name":"Dayal, Pratika","last_name":"Dayal"},{"last_name":"Volonteri","full_name":"Volonteri, Marta","first_name":"Marta"},{"first_name":"Christina C.","full_name":"Williams, Christina C.","last_name":"Williams"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie","first_name":"Bingjie"},{"full_name":"Setton, David J.","first_name":"David J.","last_name":"Setton"},{"last_name":"Burgasser","first_name":"Adam J.","full_name":"Burgasser, Adam J."},{"last_name":"Bezanson","first_name":"Rachel","full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel"},{"first_name":"Hakim","full_name":"Atek, Hakim","last_name":"Atek"},{"full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer"},{"full_name":"Cutler, Sam E.","first_name":"Sam E.","last_name":"Cutler"},{"full_name":"Feldmann, Robert","first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Feldmann"},{"first_name":"Seiji","full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji","last_name":"Fujimoto"},{"last_name":"Glazebrook","full_name":"Glazebrook, Karl","first_name":"Karl"},{"last_name":"De Graaff","full_name":"De Graaff, Anna","first_name":"Anna"},{"full_name":"Khullar, Gourav","first_name":"Gourav","last_name":"Khullar"},{"last_name":"Leja","first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Leja, Joel"},{"full_name":"Marchesini, Danilo","first_name":"Danilo","last_name":"Marchesini"},{"last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"Michael V.","full_name":"Maseda, Michael V."},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"},{"full_name":"Miller, Tim B.","first_name":"Tim B.","last_name":"Miller"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"first_name":"Themiya","full_name":"Nanayakkara, Themiya","last_name":"Nanayakkara"},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"Pascal A.","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A."},{"last_name":"Pan","full_name":"Pan, Richard","first_name":"Richard"},{"first_name":"Casey","full_name":"Papovich, Casey","last_name":"Papovich"},{"last_name":"Price","full_name":"Price, Sedona H.","first_name":"Sedona H."},{"full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter","first_name":"Pieter","last_name":"Van Dokkum"},{"last_name":"Weaver","first_name":"John R.","full_name":"Weaver, John R."},{"full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E.","first_name":"Katherine E.","last_name":"Whitaker"},{"last_name":"Zitrin","full_name":"Zitrin, Adi","first_name":"Adi"}],"article_number":"39","title":"UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5","article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","volume":964,"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Astrophysical Journal","year":"2024","intvolume":"       964","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f","acknowledgement":"J.E.G. and A.D.G acknowledge support from NSF/AAG grant No. 1007094, and J.E.G. also acknowledges support from NSF/AAG grant No. 1007052. A.Z. acknowledges support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), and by the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant No. 140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. P.D. acknowledges support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (\"ODIN\") and from the European Commission's and University of Groningen's CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. H.A. and I.C. acknowledge support from CNES, focused on the JWST mission, and the Programme National Cosmology and Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, cofunded by CEA and CNES. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. B.W. acknowledges support from JWST-GO-02561.022-A. A.J.B. acknowledges funding support from NASA/ADAP grant 21-ADAP21-0187. Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. C.P. thanks Marsha and Ralph Schilling for the generous support of this research.","ddc":["550"],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001184746500001"],"arxiv":["2309.05714"]},"isi":1,"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"day":"01","file_date_updated":"2024-03-25T08:02:43Z","month":"03","citation":{"chicago":"Greene, Jenny E., Ivo Labbe, Andy D. Goulding, Lukas J. Furtak, Iryna Chemerynska, Vasily Kokorev, Pratika Dayal, et al. “UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising Ubiquity of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z &#62; 5.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f</a>.","ista":"Greene JE, Labbe I, Goulding AD, Furtak LJ, Chemerynska I, Kokorev V, Dayal P, Volonteri M, Williams CC, Wang B, Setton DJ, Burgasser AJ, Bezanson R, Atek H, Brammer G, Cutler SE, Feldmann R, Fujimoto S, Glazebrook K, De Graaff A, Khullar G, Leja J, Marchesini D, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Miller TB, Naidu RP, Nanayakkara T, Oesch PA, Pan R, Papovich C, Price SH, Van Dokkum P, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE, Zitrin A. 2024. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z &#62; 5. Astrophysical Journal. 964, 39.","ama":"Greene JE, Labbe I, Goulding AD, et al. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z &#62; 5. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;964. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f</a>","short":"J.E. Greene, I. Labbe, A.D. Goulding, L.J. Furtak, I. Chemerynska, V. Kokorev, P. Dayal, M. Volonteri, C.C. Williams, B. Wang, D.J. Setton, A.J. Burgasser, R. Bezanson, H. Atek, G. Brammer, S.E. Cutler, R. Feldmann, S. Fujimoto, K. Glazebrook, A. De Graaff, G. Khullar, J. Leja, D. Marchesini, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, T.B. Miller, R.P. Naidu, T. Nanayakkara, P.A. Oesch, R. Pan, C. Papovich, S.H. Price, P. Van Dokkum, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, A. Zitrin, Astrophysical Journal 964 (2024).","apa":"Greene, J. E., Labbe, I., Goulding, A. D., Furtak, L. J., Chemerynska, I., Kokorev, V., … Zitrin, A. (2024). UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z &#62; 5. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f</a>","ieee":"J. E. Greene <i>et al.</i>, “UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z &#62; 5,” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 964. IOP Publishing, 2024.","mla":"Greene, Jenny E., et al. “UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising Ubiquity of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z &#62; 5.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 964, 39, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f</a>."},"type":"journal_article","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The James Webb Space Telescope is revealing a new population of dust-reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts z ≳ 5. Here we present deep NIRSpec/Prism spectroscopy from the Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) of 15 AGN candidates selected to be compact, with red continua in the rest-frame optical but with blue slopes in the UV. From NIRCam photometry alone, they could have been dominated by dusty star formation or an AGN. Here we show that the majority of the compact red sources in UNCOVER are dust-reddened AGN: 60% show definitive evidence for broad-line Hα with a FWHM > 2000 km s −1, 20% of the current data are inconclusive, and 20% are brown dwarf stars. We propose an updated photometric criterion to select red z > 5 AGN that excludes brown dwarfs and is expected to yield >80% AGN. Remarkably, among all zphot > 5 galaxies with F277W – F444W > 1 in UNCOVER at least 33% are AGN regardless of compactness, climbing to at least 80% AGN for sources with F277W – F444W > 1.6. The confirmed AGN have black hole masses of 107–109M⊙. While their UV luminosities (−16 > MUV > −20 AB mag) are low compared to UV-selected AGN at these epochs, consistent with percent-level scattered AGN light or low levels of unobscured star formation, the inferred bolometric luminosities are typical of 107–109M⊙ black holes radiating at ∼10%–40% the Eddington limit. The number densities are surprisingly high at ∼10−5 Mpc−3 mag−1, 100 times more common than the faintest UV-selected quasars, while accounting for ∼1% of the UV-selected galaxies. While their UV faintness suggests they may not contribute strongly to reionization, their ubiquity poses challenges to models of black hole growth."}],"_id":"15170","arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-04T13:09:41Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"IOP Publishing","quality_controlled":"1"},{"oa":1,"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/baby-quasars-growing-supermassive-black-holes/"}]},"month":"03","type":"journal_article","citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Little Red Dots: An Abundant Population of Faint Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 5 Revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST Surveys.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 963, no. 2, 129, American Astronomical Society, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345</a>.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 963, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, 2024.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Brammer G, Chisholm J, Eilers A-C, Goulding A, Greene J, Kashino D, Labbe I, Lilly SJ, Mackenzie R, Oesch PA, Weibel A, Wuyts S, Xiao M, Bordoloi R, Bouwens R, van Dokkum P, Illingworth G, Kramarenko I, Maseda MV, Mason C, Meyer RA, Nelson EJ, Reddy NA, Shivaei I, Simcoe RA, Yue M. 2024. Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys. The Astrophysical Journal. 963(2), 129.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Rohan P. Naidu, Gabriel Brammer, John Chisholm, Anna-Christina Eilers, Andy Goulding, Jenny Greene, et al. “Little Red Dots: An Abundant Population of Faint Active Galactic Nuclei at z ∼ 5 Revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST Surveys.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345</a>.","ama":"Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Brammer G, et al. Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;963(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345</a>","short":"J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, G. Brammer, J. Chisholm, A.-C. Eilers, A. Goulding, J. Greene, D. Kashino, I. Labbe, S.J. Lilly, R. Mackenzie, P.A. Oesch, A. Weibel, S. Wuyts, M. Xiao, R. Bordoloi, R. Bouwens, P. van Dokkum, G. Illingworth, I. Kramarenko, M.V. Maseda, C. Mason, R.A. Meyer, E.J. Nelson, N.A. Reddy, I. Shivaei, R.A. Simcoe, M. Yue, The Astrophysical Journal 963 (2024).","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Brammer, G., Chisholm, J., Eilers, A.-C., Goulding, A., … Yue, M. (2024). Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345</a>"},"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"_id":"15180","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Characterizing the prevalence and properties of faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the early Universe is key for understanding the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and determining their role in cosmic reionization. We perform a spectroscopic search for broad Hα emitters at z ≈ 4–6 using deep JWST/NIRCam imaging and wide field slitless spectroscopy from the EIGER and FRESCO surveys. We identify 20 Hα lines at z = 4.2–5.5 that have broad components with line widths from ∼1200–3700 km s−1, contributing ∼30%–90% of the total line flux. We interpret these broad components as being powered by accretion onto SMBHs with implied masses ∼107–8M⊙. In the UV luminosity range MUV,AGN+host = −21 to −18, we measure number densities of ≈10−5 cMpc−3. This is an order of magnitude higher than expected from extrapolating quasar UV luminosity functions (LFs). Yet, such AGN are found in only <1% of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 5. The number density discrepancy is much lower when compared to the broad Hα LF. The SMBH mass function agrees with large cosmological simulations. In two objects, we detect complex Hα profiles that we tentatively interpret as caused by absorption signatures from dense gas fueling SMBH growth and outflows. We may be witnessing early AGN feedback that will clear dust-free pathways through which more massive blue quasars are seen. We uncover a strong correlation between reddening and the fraction of total galaxy luminosity arising from faint AGN. This implies that early SMBH growth is highly obscured and that faint AGN are only minor contributors to cosmic reionization."}],"OA_place":"publisher","APC_amount":"5666,27 EUR","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2025-09-04T13:15:26Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","title":"Little Red Dots: An abundant population of faint active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys","date_created":"2024-03-25T08:54:47Z","author":[{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Brammer","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","first_name":"Gabriel"},{"last_name":"Chisholm","first_name":"John","full_name":"Chisholm, John"},{"full_name":"Eilers, Anna-Christina","first_name":"Anna-Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"last_name":"Goulding","first_name":"Andy","full_name":"Goulding, Andy"},{"full_name":"Greene, Jenny","first_name":"Jenny","last_name":"Greene"},{"full_name":"Kashino, Daichi","first_name":"Daichi","last_name":"Kashino"},{"full_name":"Labbe, Ivo","first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbe"},{"last_name":"Lilly","first_name":"Simon J.","full_name":"Lilly, Simon J."},{"full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari","last_name":"Mackenzie"},{"last_name":"Oesch","first_name":"Pascal A.","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A."},{"last_name":"Weibel","first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea"},{"last_name":"Wuyts","full_name":"Wuyts, Stijn","first_name":"Stijn"},{"full_name":"Xiao, Mengyuan","first_name":"Mengyuan","last_name":"Xiao"},{"last_name":"Bordoloi","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon","first_name":"Rongmon"},{"first_name":"Rychard","full_name":"Bouwens, Rychard","last_name":"Bouwens"},{"last_name":"van Dokkum","first_name":"Pieter","full_name":"van Dokkum, Pieter"},{"last_name":"Illingworth","first_name":"Garth","full_name":"Illingworth, Garth"},{"first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","last_name":"Kramarenko"},{"first_name":"Michael V.","full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda"},{"last_name":"Mason","first_name":"Charlotte","full_name":"Mason, Charlotte"},{"last_name":"Meyer","first_name":"Romain A.","full_name":"Meyer, Romain A."},{"last_name":"Nelson","first_name":"Erica J.","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J."},{"full_name":"Reddy, Naveen A.","first_name":"Naveen A.","last_name":"Reddy"},{"first_name":"Irene","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene","last_name":"Shivaei"},{"last_name":"Simcoe","full_name":"Simcoe, Robert A.","first_name":"Robert A."},{"first_name":"Minghao","full_name":"Yue, Minghao","last_name":"Yue"}],"article_number":"129","issue":"2","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_id":"15184","content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"dc7af4694f9f94a551417ab49fa43edf","date_updated":"2024-03-25T09:31:58Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Matthee.pdf","date_created":"2024-03-25T09:31:58Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":6047536}],"date_published":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","project":[{"name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization","_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","grant_number":"101076224"}],"article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","year":"2024","volume":963,"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad2345","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program Nos. 1243 and 1895. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi:10.17909/4xx0-zj76. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work for R.P.N. was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for this work for G.I. was provided by NASA through grant JWST-GO-01895 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract No. MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140.\r\nFacility: JWST - James Webb Space Telescope, HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite\r\nSoftware:​​​​​​​ Python, matplotlib (Hunter 2007), numpy (Harris et al. 2020), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), Imfit (Erwin 2015).","ddc":["550"],"intvolume":"       963","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"isi":["001184703600001"]},"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"Yes","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"day":"07","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"isi":1,"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2024-03-25T09:31:58Z","OA_type":"gold"},{"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for constructive comments that helped improving the paper. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 1101.A-0127. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, NOVA). JB acknowledges financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds PTDC/FIS-AST/4862/2020, work contract 2020.03379.CEECIND, and research grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. TU and LW acknowledge funding by the European Research Council through ERC-AdG SPECMAP-CGM, GA 101020943. TG is supported by the ERC Starting grant 757258 ‘TRIPLE’.","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae673","ddc":["520"],"intvolume":"       529","scopus_import":"1","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","year":"2024","volume":529,"date_published":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","project":[{"grant_number":"101076224","_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea","name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization"}],"article_type":"original","author":[{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"full_name":"Golling, Christopher","first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Golling"},{"last_name":"Mackenzie","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari"},{"first_name":"Gabriele","full_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele","last_name":"Pezzulli"},{"first_name":"Simon","full_name":"Lilly, Simon","last_name":"Lilly"},{"first_name":"Joop","full_name":"Schaye, Joop","last_name":"Schaye"},{"first_name":"Roland","full_name":"Bacon, Roland","last_name":"Bacon"},{"last_name":"Kusakabe","full_name":"Kusakabe, Haruka","first_name":"Haruka"},{"full_name":"Urrutia, Tanya","first_name":"Tanya","last_name":"Urrutia"},{"last_name":"Boogaard","full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert","first_name":"Leindert"},{"first_name":"Jarle","full_name":"Brinchmann, Jarle","last_name":"Brinchmann"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","first_name":"Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda"},{"first_name":"Thibault","full_name":"Garel, Thibault","last_name":"Garel"},{"last_name":"Bouché","full_name":"Bouché, Nicolas F.","first_name":"Nicolas F."},{"last_name":"Wisotzki","first_name":"Lutz","full_name":"Wisotzki, Lutz"}],"date_created":"2024-03-31T22:01:12Z","title":"Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field","issue":"3","file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","file_size":2626735,"date_updated":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"1e65c40a71e565eebdc4c5ff11822ba2","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"15255","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Matthee.pdf"}],"OA_type":"gold","file_date_updated":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2305.15346"],"isi":["001188770300019"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_place":"publisher","DOAJ_listed":"1","arxiv":1,"_id":"15249","abstract":[{"text":"Observationally mapping the relation between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is of key interest for studies of cosmic reionization. Diffuse hydrogen gas has typically been observed in H I Lyman-α (Lyα) absorption in the spectra of bright background quasars. However, it is important to extend these measurements to background galaxies as quasars become increasingly rare at high redshift and rarely probe closely separated sight lines. Here, we use deep integral field spectroscopy in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field to demonstrate the measurement of the Lyα transmission at z ≈ 4 in absorption to a background galaxy at z = 4.77. The H I transmission is consistent with independent quasar sight lines at similar redshifts. Exploiting the high number of spectroscopic redshifts of faint galaxies (500 between z = 4.0–4.7 within a radius of 8 arcmin) that are tracers of the density field, we show that Lyα transmission is inversely correlated with galaxy density, i.e. transparent regions in the Lyα forest mark underdense regions at z ≈ 4. Due to large-scale clustering, galaxies are surrounded by excess H I absorption over the cosmic mean out to 4 cMpc/h70. We also find that redshifts from the peak of the Lyα line are typically offset from the systemic redshift by +170 km s−1. This work extends results from z ≈ 2–3 to higher redshifts and demonstrates the power of deep integral field spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the ionization structure of the IGM and the large-scale density field in the early Universe.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"2794-2806","oa":1,"month":"04","type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"J.J. Matthee, C. Golling, R. Mackenzie, G. Pezzulli, S. Lilly, J. Schaye, R. Bacon, H. Kusakabe, T. Urrutia, L. Boogaard, J. Brinchmann, M.V. Maseda, T. Garel, N.F. Bouché, L. Wisotzki, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529 (2024) 2794–2806.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Golling, C., Mackenzie, R., Pezzulli, G., Lilly, S., Schaye, J., … Wisotzki, L. (2024). Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>","ama":"Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, et al. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;529(3):2794-2806. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>","ista":"Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, Pezzulli G, Lilly S, Schaye J, Bacon R, Kusakabe H, Urrutia T, Boogaard L, Brinchmann J, Maseda MV, Garel T, Bouché NF, Wisotzki L. 2024. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529(3), 2794–2806.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Christopher Golling, Ruari Mackenzie, Gabriele Pezzulli, Simon Lilly, Joop Schaye, Roland Bacon, et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 529, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2794–2806, 2024.","mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 529, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 2794–806, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>."},"publisher":"Oxford University Press","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","corr_author":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2025-09-04T13:18:02Z"},{"file_date_updated":"2024-04-23T06:59:18Z","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2401.04765"],"isi":["001199982500009"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-6361"],"eissn":["1432-0746"]},"day":"01","volume":684,"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","year":"2024","intvolume":"       684","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202348659","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for the careful reading of the paper and useful suggestions which improved the manuscript. We thank Dr. Leindert Boogaard for sharing data and providing support in the data analysis process. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2021.1.00793.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. This project was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant 864361 (CosmicWeb) and by Fondazione Cariplo grant no. 2020-0902. M.M. was supported in part by grant HST-GO-17065. This research made use of Astropy (http://www.astropy.org), a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), and Statsmodel (Seabold & Perktold 2010).","ddc":["520"],"file":[{"file_name":"2024_AstronomyAstrophysics_Pensabene.pdf","date_updated":"2024-04-23T06:59:18Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"ab48775b6946cebfa27ddded5a68fdd2","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"15341","access_level":"open_access","file_size":4410627,"creator":"dernst","date_created":"2024-04-23T06:59:18Z"}],"title":"ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a large overdensity of CO emitters","author":[{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Pensabene, A.","last_name":"Pensabene"},{"last_name":"Cantalupo","full_name":"Cantalupo, S.","first_name":"S."},{"first_name":"C.","full_name":"Cicone, C.","last_name":"Cicone"},{"full_name":"Decarli, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Decarli"},{"last_name":"Galbiati","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Galbiati, M."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Ginolfi, M.","last_name":"Ginolfi"},{"last_name":"De Beer","first_name":"S.","full_name":"De Beer, S."},{"last_name":"Fossati","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Fossati, M."},{"last_name":"Fumagalli","first_name":"M.","full_name":"Fumagalli, M."},{"last_name":"Lazeyras","full_name":"Lazeyras, T.","first_name":"T."},{"last_name":"Pezzulli","first_name":"G.","full_name":"Pezzulli, G."},{"full_name":"Travascio, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Travascio"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, W.","first_name":"W."},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee"},{"last_name":"Maseda","full_name":"Maseda, M. V.","first_name":"M. V."}],"article_number":"A119","date_created":"2024-04-21T22:00:53Z","article_type":"original","date_published":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2025-09-04T13:42:50Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"EDP Sciences","quality_controlled":"1","arxiv":1,"month":"04","citation":{"short":"A. Pensabene, S. Cantalupo, C. Cicone, R. Decarli, M. Galbiati, M. Ginolfi, S. De Beer, M. Fossati, M. Fumagalli, T. Lazeyras, G. Pezzulli, A. Travascio, W. Wang, J.J. Matthee, M.V. Maseda, Astronomy and Astrophysics 684 (2024).","apa":"Pensabene, A., Cantalupo, S., Cicone, C., Decarli, R., Galbiati, M., Ginolfi, M., … Maseda, M. V. (2024). ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a large overdensity of CO emitters. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348659\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348659</a>","ista":"Pensabene A, Cantalupo S, Cicone C, Decarli R, Galbiati M, Ginolfi M, De Beer S, Fossati M, Fumagalli M, Lazeyras T, Pezzulli G, Travascio A, Wang W, Matthee JJ, Maseda MV. 2024. ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a large overdensity of CO emitters. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 684, A119.","chicago":"Pensabene, A., S. Cantalupo, C. Cicone, R. Decarli, M. Galbiati, M. Ginolfi, S. De Beer, et al. “ALMA Survey of a Massive Node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a Large Overdensity of CO Emitters.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348659\">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348659</a>.","ama":"Pensabene A, Cantalupo S, Cicone C, et al. ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a large overdensity of CO emitters. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. 2024;684. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348659\">10.1051/0004-6361/202348659</a>","mla":"Pensabene, A., et al. “ALMA Survey of a Massive Node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a Large Overdensity of CO Emitters.” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 684, A119, EDP Sciences, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348659\">10.1051/0004-6361/202348659</a>.","ieee":"A. Pensabene <i>et al.</i>, “ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3: I. Discovery of a large overdensity of CO emitters,” <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>, vol. 684. EDP Sciences, 2024."},"type":"journal_article","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Submillimeter surveys toward overdense regions in the early Universe are essential for uncovering the obscured star formation and the cold gas content of assembling galaxies within massive dark matter halos. In this work, we present deep ALMA mosaic observations covering an area of ∼2′×2′ around MUSE Quasar Nebula 01 (MQN01), one of the largest and brightest Ly-α emitting nebulae discovered thus far; it surrounds a radio-quiet quasar at z ≃ 3.25. Our observations target the 1.2 and the 3 mm dust continuum as well as the carbon monoxide CO(4–3) transition in galaxies in the vicinity of the quasar. We identify a robust sample of 11 CO-line-emitting galaxies (including a closely separated quasar companion) that lie within ±4000 km s−1 of the quasar systemic redshift. A fraction of these objects were missed in previous deep rest-frame optical/UV surveys, which highlights the critical role of (sub)millimeter imaging. We also detect a total of 11 sources revealed in the dust continuum at 1.2 mm; six of them have either high-fidelity spectroscopic redshift information from rest-frame UV metal absorptions or the CO(4–3) line that places them in the same narrow redshift range. A comparison of the CO luminosity function and 1.2 mm number count density with those of the general fields points to a galaxy overdensity of δ > 10. We find evidence of a systematic flattening at the bright end of the CO luminosity function with respect to the trend measured in blank fields. Our findings reveal that galaxies in dense regions at z ∼ 3 are more massive and significantly richer in molecular gas than galaxies in fields, which enables a faster and accelerated assembly. This is the first in a series of studies aimed at characterizing one of the densest regions of the Universe found so far at z > 3."}],"_id":"15336"},{"ddc":["520"],"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for the valuable comments on this paper. We thank John Silverman, Madeline Marshall, MingYang Zhuang, Weizhe Liu, and Jinyi Yang for inspiring discussions and suggestions. D.K. is grateful for the support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21K13956. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope\r\nScience Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are\r\nassociated with program ID #1243. Facility: JWST (NIRCam) Software: astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), psfMC (Mechtley 2014), webbpsf (Perrin et al. 2014), jwst.","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914","intvolume":"       966","publication":"Astrophysical Journal","year":"2024","scopus_import":"1","volume":966,"date_published":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","date_created":"2024-05-19T22:01:12Z","title":"EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6","article_number":"176","author":[{"last_name":"Yue","first_name":"Minghao","full_name":"Yue, Minghao"},{"full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina","first_name":"Anna Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"last_name":"Simcoe","first_name":"Robert A.","full_name":"Simcoe, Robert A."},{"last_name":"Mackenzie","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","first_name":"Ruari"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"last_name":"Kashino","first_name":"Daichi","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi"},{"last_name":"Bordoloi","first_name":"Rongmon","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon"},{"last_name":"Lilly","first_name":"Simon J.","full_name":"Lilly, Simon J."},{"last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P."}],"file":[{"date_created":"2024-05-21T11:13:25Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":4472346,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"47b428f6209d8a6f9869031d9cb8dae6","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_id":"15410","date_updated":"2024-05-21T11:13:25Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Yue.pdf"}],"issue":"2","file_date_updated":"2024-05-21T11:13:25Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"day":"01","status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["001214916200001"]},"publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","DOAJ_listed":"1","_id":"15405","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We report JWST/NIRCam measurements of quasar host galaxy emissions and supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses for six quasars at 5.9 < z < 7.1 in the Emission-line galaxies and Intergalactic Gas in the Epoch of Reionization (EIGER) project. We obtain deep NIRCam imaging in the F115W, F200W, and F356W bands, as well as F356W grism spectroscopy of the quasars. We use bright unsaturated stars to construct models of the point-spread functions (PSFs) and estimate the errors of these PSFs. We then measure or constrain the fluxes and morphology of the quasar host galaxies by fitting the quasar images as a point source plus an exponential disk. We successfully detect the host galaxies of three quasars, which have host-to-quasar-flux ratios of ∼1%–5%. Spectral energy distribution fitting suggests that these quasar host galaxies have stellar masses of M* ≳ 1010M⊙. For quasars with host galaxy nondetections, we estimate the upper limits of their stellar masses. We use the grism spectra to measure the Hβ line profile and the continuum luminosity, then estimate the SMBH masses for the quasars. Our results indicate that the positive relation between SMBH masses and host galaxy stellar masses already exists at redshift z ≳ 6. The quasars in our sample show a high BH-to-stellar-mass ratio of MBH/M* ∼ 0.15, which is about ∼2 dex higher than local relations. We find that selection effects only contribute partially to the high MBH/M* ratios of high-redshift quasars. This result hints at a possible redshift evolution of the MBH–M* relation."}],"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","month":"05","citation":{"mla":"Yue, Minghao, et al. “EIGER. V. Characterizing the Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 966, no. 2, 176, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914</a>.","ieee":"M. Yue <i>et al.</i>, “EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6,” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 966, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024.","chicago":"Yue, Minghao, Anna Christina Eilers, Robert A. Simcoe, Ruari Mackenzie, Jorryt J Matthee, Daichi Kashino, Rongmon Bordoloi, Simon J. Lilly, and Rohan P. Naidu. “EIGER. V. Characterizing the Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914</a>.","ista":"Yue M, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Kashino D, Bordoloi R, Lilly SJ, Naidu RP. 2024. EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. Astrophysical Journal. 966(2), 176.","ama":"Yue M, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, et al. EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;966(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914</a>","apa":"Yue, M., Eilers, A. C., Simcoe, R. A., Mackenzie, R., Matthee, J. J., Kashino, D., … Naidu, R. P. (2024). EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914</a>","short":"M. Yue, A.C. Eilers, R.A. Simcoe, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, D. Kashino, R. Bordoloi, S.J. Lilly, R.P. Naidu, Astrophysical Journal 966 (2024)."},"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2025-09-08T07:30:17Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"}},{"date_published":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","title":"UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA","author":[{"last_name":"Labbe","first_name":"Ivo","full_name":"Labbe, Ivo"},{"full_name":"Greene, Jenny E.","first_name":"Jenny E.","last_name":"Greene"},{"first_name":"Rachel","full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","last_name":"Bezanson"},{"last_name":"Fujimoto","full_name":"Fujimoto, Seiji","first_name":"Seiji"},{"full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J.","first_name":"Lukas J.","last_name":"Furtak"},{"full_name":"Goulding, Andy D.","first_name":"Andy D.","last_name":"Goulding"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","first_name":"Pascal A."},{"first_name":"Hakim","full_name":"Atek, Hakim","last_name":"Atek"},{"last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel","full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel"},{"first_name":"Iryna","full_name":"Chemerynska, Iryna","last_name":"Chemerynska"},{"full_name":"Coe, Dan","first_name":"Dan","last_name":"Coe"},{"last_name":"Cutler","full_name":"Cutler, Sam E.","first_name":"Sam E."},{"last_name":"Dayal","first_name":"Pratika","full_name":"Dayal, Pratika"},{"first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Feldmann, Robert","last_name":"Feldmann"},{"last_name":"Franx","first_name":"Marijn","full_name":"Franx, Marijn"},{"last_name":"Glazebrook","first_name":"Karl","full_name":"Glazebrook, Karl"},{"last_name":"Leja","first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Leja, Joel"},{"last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Maseda, Michael"},{"full_name":"Marchesini, Danilo","first_name":"Danilo","last_name":"Marchesini"},{"full_name":"Nanayakkara, Themiya","first_name":"Themiya","last_name":"Nanayakkara"},{"last_name":"Nelson","first_name":"Erica J.","full_name":"Nelson, Erica J."},{"last_name":"Pan","first_name":"Richard","full_name":"Pan, Richard"},{"last_name":"Papovich","full_name":"Papovich, Casey","first_name":"Casey"},{"last_name":"Price","first_name":"Sedona H.","full_name":"Price, Sedona H."},{"last_name":"Suess","first_name":"Katherine A.","full_name":"Suess, Katherine A."},{"first_name":"Bingjie 冰洁","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie 冰洁","last_name":"Wang"},{"first_name":"John R.","full_name":"Weaver, John R.","last_name":"Weaver"},{"last_name":"Whitaker","full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine E.","first_name":"Katherine E."},{"last_name":"Williams","first_name":"Christina C.","full_name":"Williams, Christina C."},{"full_name":"Zitrin, Adi","first_name":"Adi","last_name":"Zitrin"}],"article_number":"92","date_created":"2026-01-28T15:26:12Z","file":[{"file_id":"21201","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"checksum":"825c35ebd26e292c8a5c2bffac327854","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2026-02-10T06:44:24Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Labbe.pdf","date_created":"2026-02-10T06:44:24Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":5041924}],"acknowledgement":"I.L. acknowledges support from Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT220100798. J.E.G. and A.D.G acknowledge support from NSF/AAG grant #1007094, and J.E.G. also acknowledges support from NSF/AAG grant #1007052. L.J.F. and A.Z. acknowledge support by Grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), and by the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. P.D. acknowledges support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (“ODIN”) and from the European Commission’s and University of Groningen’s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This paper makes use of the ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA #2022.1.00073.S, 2018.1.00035.L, and 2013.1.00999.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551","ddc":["520"],"intvolume":"       978","scopus_import":"1","year":"2024","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","volume":978,"day":"26","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4357"],"issn":["0004-637X"]},"status":"public","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07320"]},"department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"Yes","OA_type":"gold","file_date_updated":"2026-02-10T06:44:24Z","_id":"21064","abstract":[{"text":"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our knowledge of z > 5 galaxies and their actively accreting black holes. Using the JWST Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) in the lensing field A2744, we report the identification of a sample of little red dots at 3 < zphot < 7 that likely contain highly reddened accreting supermassive black holes. Using a NIRCam-only selection to F444W < 27.7 mag, we find 26 sources over the ∼45 arcmin^2 field that are blue in F115W − F200W ∼ 0 (or βUV ∼ –2.0 for fλ ∝ λ^β), red in F200W − F444W = 1−4 (βopt ∼ +2.0), and are dominated by a point-source-like central component. Of the 20 sources with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm coverage, none are detected individually or in a stack. For the majority of the sample, spectral energy distribution fits to the JWST+ALMA observations prefer models with hot dust rather than obscured star formation to reproduce the red NIRCam colors and ALMA 1.2 mm nondetections. While compact dusty star formation cannot be ruled out, the combination of extremely small sizes (〈re〉 ≈ 50 pc after correction for magnification), red rest-frame optical slopes, and hot dust can be explained by reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our targets have faint M1450 ≈ −14 to −18 mag but inferred bolometric luminosities of Lbol = 10^43–10^46 erg s^−1, reflecting their obscured nature. If the candidates are confirmed as AGNs with upcoming UNCOVER spectroscopy, then we have found an abundant population of reddened luminous AGNs that are at least ten times more numerous than UV-luminous AGNs at the same intrinsic bolometric luminosity.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"citation":{"mla":"Labbe, Ivo, et al. “UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 978, 92, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>.","ieee":"I. Labbe <i>et al.</i>, “UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 978. IOP Publishing, 2024.","apa":"Labbe, I., Greene, J. E., Bezanson, R., Fujimoto, S., Furtak, L. J., Goulding, A. D., … Zitrin, A. (2024). UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>","short":"I. Labbe, J.E. Greene, R. Bezanson, S. Fujimoto, L.J. Furtak, A.D. Goulding, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, H. Atek, G. Brammer, I. Chemerynska, D. Coe, S.E. Cutler, P. Dayal, R. Feldmann, M. Franx, K. Glazebrook, J. Leja, M. Maseda, D. Marchesini, T. Nanayakkara, E.J. Nelson, R. Pan, C. Papovich, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess, B.冰洁 Wang, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, A. Zitrin, The Astrophysical Journal 978 (2024).","chicago":"Labbe, Ivo, Jenny E. Greene, Rachel Bezanson, Seiji Fujimoto, Lukas J. Furtak, Andy D. Goulding, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>.","ista":"Labbe I, Greene JE, Bezanson R, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Goulding AD, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Atek H, Brammer G, Chemerynska I, Coe D, Cutler SE, Dayal P, Feldmann R, Franx M, Glazebrook K, Leja J, Maseda M, Marchesini D, Nanayakkara T, Nelson EJ, Pan R, Papovich C, Price SH, Suess KA, Wang B冰洁, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE, Williams CC, Zitrin A. 2024. UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA. The Astrophysical Journal. 978, 92.","ama":"Labbe I, Greene JE, Bezanson R, et al. UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 &#60; z &#60; 7 with JWST and ALMA. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2024;978. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551\">10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551</a>"},"type":"journal_article","month":"12","OA_place":"publisher","arxiv":1,"DOAJ_listed":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"date_updated":"2026-02-10T06:49:49Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]}]