--- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21727' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present a comprehensive analysis of the MIRI Extremely Red Object Virgil, a Lyα emitter at zspec = 6.6379 ± 0.0035 with the photometric properties of a Little Red Dot. Leveraging new JWST/MIRI imaging from the MIDIS and PAHSPECS programs, we confirm Virgil’s extraordinary nature among galaxies in JADES/GOODS-South, exhibiting a strikingly red NIRCam-to-MIRI color (F444W–F1500W = 2.84 ± 0.04 mag). Deep NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy from the OASIS program offers key insights into the host galaxy, revealing properties of an average star-forming galaxy during Cosmic Reionization, such as a subsolar metallicity, low-to-moderate dust content, and a relatively high ionization parameter and electron temperature. By estimating the star formation rate of Virgil from UV and Hα, we find evidence that the galaxy is either entering or fading out of a bursty episode. Although line-ratio diagnostics employed at high z would classify Virgil as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), this classification becomes ambiguous once redshift evolution is considered. Nonetheless, Virgil occupies the same parameter space as recently confirmed AGNs at similar redshifts. The new deep MIRI data at 15 μm reinforce the AGN nature of Virgil, as inferred from multiple spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. Virgil’s rising infrared SED and UV excess resemble those of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) studied with Spitzer at Cosmic Noon, particularly blue-excess HotDOGs. Our results highlight the need for a multiwavelength approach incorporating MIRI to uncover such extreme sources at z ≳ 6 and to shed light on the interplay between galaxy evolution and early black hole growth during Cosmic Reionization. acknowledgement: "The authors are deeply grateful to Antonello Calabrò for valuable insights on CLOUDY and pyCloudy, and for publicly sharing their SFG and AGN models, which were used as a reference to verify the consistency of our photoionization models. The authors also thank Adam Carnall for insightful input on bagpipes and for assistance with the implementation of the two-population model adopted in this work. Finally, they also thank Camilla Pacifici, Vasily Kokorev, and Cristian Vignali for their insightful discussions.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST programs GTO #1180, GO #1210, GTO#1283, GO #1963, GO #1895, GO# 3215, and GO#6511.\r\n\r\nThe authors acknowledge the FRESCO, JEMS, and #3215 teams led by co-PIs P. Oesch, C. C. Williams, M. Maseda, D. Eisenstein, and R. Maiolino for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. Processing for the JADES NIRCam data release was performed on the lux cluster at the University of California, Santa Cruz, funded by NSF MRI grant AST 1828315. Also based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 526555. The data presented in this article were obtained from MAST at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi: 10.17909/1rq3-8048 P. Oesch & D. Magee (2023), C. Williams et al. (2023), G. Illingworth (2015), and M. Rieke et al. (2023).\r\n\r\nA.J.B. acknowledges funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 789056).\r\n\r\nP.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from grant PID2022-139567NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER, UE.\r\n\r\nB.E.R. acknowledges support from the NIRCam Science Team contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015, and JWST Program 3215.\r\n\r\nS.T. acknowledges support by the Royal Society Research Grant G125142.\r\n\r\nThe research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nJ.W. gratefully acknowledges support from the Cosmic Dawn Center through the DAWN Fellowship. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140.\r\n\r\nY.Z., Z.J., and P.L. gratefully acknowledge the JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona NAS5-02015.\r\n\r\nThe work of G.H.R. and P.L. was also supported by grant 80NSSC18K0555, from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to the University of Arizona.\r\n\r\nH.Ü. acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC APEX, 101164796). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.\r\n\r\nG.C.J. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), ERC Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH.”\r\n\r\nA.C.G. acknowledges support by JWST contract B0215/JWST-GO-02926.\r\n\r\nG.O. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA).\r\n\r\nH.I. acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21H01129.\r\n\r\nM.A. gratefully acknowledges support from ANID Basal Project FB210003 and ANID MILENIO NCN2024_112.\r\n\r\nT.D.S. acknowledges the research project was supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under the “2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to Support Faculty Members and Researchers” (project No.: 03382).\r\n\r\nR.M. acknowledges support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced grant 695671 “QUENCH,” and by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. R.M. also acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society.\r\n\r\nI.S. acknowledges funding from the Atraccíon de Talento grant No. 2022-T1/TIC-20472 of the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 101117541, DistantDust).\r\n\r\nK.I.C. acknowledges funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the award of the Vici grant VI.C.212.036.\r\n\r\nFacilities: HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite, JWST. -\r\n\r\nSoftware: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2022), Bagpipes (A. C. Carnall et al. 2019), MSAEXP (G. Brammer 2023) NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), pandas (The pandas development team 2024) Photutils (L. Bradley et al. 2016), TOPCAT (M. Taylor 2022)." article_number: '86' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Pierluigi full_name: Rinaldi, Pierluigi last_name: Rinaldi - first_name: Pablo G. full_name: Pérez-González, Pablo G. last_name: Pérez-González - first_name: George H. full_name: Rieke, George H. last_name: Rieke - first_name: Jianwei full_name: Lyu, Jianwei last_name: Lyu - first_name: Francesco full_name: D’Eugenio, Francesco last_name: D’Eugenio - first_name: Zihao full_name: Wu, Zihao last_name: Wu - first_name: Stefano full_name: Carniani, Stefano last_name: Carniani - first_name: Tobias J. full_name: Looser, Tobias J. last_name: Looser - first_name: Irene full_name: Shivaei, Irene last_name: Shivaei - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Tanio full_name: Diaz-Santos, Tanio last_name: Diaz-Santos - first_name: Luis full_name: Colina, Luis last_name: Colina - first_name: Göran full_name: Östlin, Göran last_name: Östlin - first_name: Stacey full_name: Alberts, Stacey last_name: Alberts - first_name: Javier full_name: Álvarez-Márquez, Javier last_name: Álvarez-Márquez - first_name: Marianna full_name: Annuziatella, Marianna last_name: Annuziatella - first_name: Manuel full_name: Aravena, Manuel last_name: Aravena - first_name: Rachana full_name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana last_name: Bhatawdekar - first_name: Andrew J. full_name: Bunker, Andrew J. last_name: Bunker - first_name: Karina I. full_name: Caputi, Karina I. last_name: Caputi - first_name: Stéphane full_name: Charlot, Stéphane last_name: Charlot - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Crespo Gómez, Alejandro last_name: Crespo Gómez - first_name: Mirko full_name: Curti, Mirko last_name: Curti - first_name: Andreas full_name: Eckart, Andreas last_name: Eckart - first_name: Steven full_name: Gillman, Steven last_name: Gillman - first_name: Kevin full_name: Hainline, Kevin last_name: Hainline - first_name: Nimisha full_name: Kumari, Nimisha last_name: Kumari - first_name: Jens full_name: Hjorth, Jens last_name: Hjorth - first_name: Edoardo full_name: Iani, Edoardo id: 4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a last_name: Iani orcid: 0000-0001-8386-3546 - first_name: Hanae full_name: Inami, Hanae last_name: Inami - first_name: Zhiyuan full_name: Ji, Zhiyuan last_name: Ji - first_name: Benjamin D. full_name: Johnson, Benjamin D. last_name: Johnson - first_name: Gareth C. full_name: Jones, Gareth C. last_name: Jones - first_name: Álvaro full_name: Labiano, Álvaro last_name: Labiano - first_name: Roberto full_name: Maiolino, Roberto last_name: Maiolino - first_name: Jens full_name: Melinder, Jens last_name: Melinder - first_name: Thibaud full_name: Moutard, Thibaud last_name: Moutard - first_name: Florian full_name: Peissker, Florian last_name: Peissker - first_name: Marcia full_name: Rieke, Marcia last_name: Rieke - first_name: Brant full_name: Robertson, Brant last_name: Robertson - first_name: Jan full_name: Scholtz, Jan last_name: Scholtz - first_name: Sandro full_name: Tacchella, Sandro last_name: Tacchella - first_name: Paul P. full_name: Van Der Werf, Paul P. last_name: Van Der Werf - first_name: Fabian full_name: Walter, Fabian last_name: Walter - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Chris full_name: Willott, Chris last_name: Willott - first_name: Joris full_name: Witstok, Joris last_name: Witstok - first_name: Hannah full_name: Übler, Hannah last_name: Übler - first_name: Yongda full_name: Zhu, Yongda last_name: Zhu citation: ama: 'Rinaldi P, Pérez-González PG, Rieke GH, et al. Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;994(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c' apa: 'Rinaldi, P., Pérez-González, P. G., Rieke, G. H., Lyu, J., D’Eugenio, F., Wu, Z., … Zhu, Y. (2025). Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c' chicago: 'Rinaldi, Pierluigi, Pablo G. Pérez-González, George H. Rieke, Jianwei Lyu, Francesco D’Eugenio, Zihao Wu, Stefano Carniani, et al. “Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c.' ieee: 'P. Rinaldi et al., “Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 994, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025.' ista: 'Rinaldi P, Pérez-González PG, Rieke GH, Lyu J, D’Eugenio F, Wu Z, Carniani S, Looser TJ, Shivaei I, Boogaard LA, Diaz-Santos T, Colina L, Östlin G, Alberts S, Álvarez-Márquez J, Annuziatella M, Aravena M, Bhatawdekar R, Bunker AJ, Caputi KI, Charlot S, Crespo Gómez A, Curti M, Eckart A, Gillman S, Hainline K, Kumari N, Hjorth J, Iani E, Inami H, Ji Z, Johnson BD, Jones GC, Labiano Á, Maiolino R, Melinder J, Moutard T, Peissker F, Rieke M, Robertson B, Scholtz J, Tacchella S, Van Der Werf PP, Walter F, Williams CC, Willott C, Witstok J, Übler H, Zhu Y. 2025. Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization. The Astrophysical Journal. 994(1), 86.' mla: 'Rinaldi, Pierluigi, et al. “Deciphering the Nature of Virgil: An Obscured Active Galactic Nucleus Lurking within an Apparently Normal Lyα Emitter during Cosmic Reionization.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 994, no. 1, 86, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c.' short: P. Rinaldi, P.G. Pérez-González, G.H. Rieke, J. Lyu, F. D’Eugenio, Z. Wu, S. Carniani, T.J. Looser, I. Shivaei, L.A. Boogaard, T. Diaz-Santos, L. Colina, G. Östlin, S. Alberts, J. Álvarez-Márquez, M. Annuziatella, M. Aravena, R. Bhatawdekar, A.J. Bunker, K.I. Caputi, S. Charlot, A. Crespo Gómez, M. Curti, A. Eckart, S. Gillman, K. Hainline, N. Kumari, J. Hjorth, E. Iani, H. Inami, Z. Ji, B.D. Johnson, G.C. Jones, Á. Labiano, R. Maiolino, J. Melinder, T. Moutard, F. Peissker, M. Rieke, B. Robertson, J. Scholtz, S. Tacchella, P.P. Van Der Werf, F. Walter, C.C. Williams, C. Willott, J. Witstok, H. Übler, Y. Zhu, The Astrophysical Journal 994 (2025). date_created: 2026-04-12T22:01:53Z date_published: 2025-11-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-13T07:54:11Z day: '20' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 5d13b0ad3e9f56cbe29c5de0ba5757c8 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-04-13T07:53:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-13T07:53:00Z file_id: '21731' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJournal_Rinaldi.pdf file_size: 10298729 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-04-13T07:53:00Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 994' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 994 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '18631' abstract: - lang: eng text: Within the established framework of structure formation, galaxies start as systems of low stellar mass and gradually grow into far more massive galaxies. The existence of massive galaxies in the first billion years of the Universe, as suggested by recent observations, seems to challenge this model, as such galaxies would require highly efficient conversion of baryons into stars. An even greater challenge in this epoch is the existence of massive galaxies that have already ceased forming stars. However, robust detections of early massive quiescent galaxies have been challenging due to the coarse wavelength sampling of photometric surveys. Here we report the spectroscopic confirmation with the James Webb Space Telescope of the quiescent galaxy RUBIES-EGS-QG-1 at redshift z = 4.90, 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang. Deep stellar absorption features in the spectrum reveal that the stellar mass of the galaxy of 1011 M⊙ formed in a short 200 Myr burst of star formation, after which star formation activity dropped rapidly and persistently. According to current galaxy formation models, systems with such rapid stellar mass growth and early quenching are too rare to plausibly occur in the small area probed spectroscopically with JWST. Instead, the discovery of RUBIES-EGS-QG-1 implies that early massive quiescent galaxies can be quenched earlier or exhaust gas available for star formation more efficiently than assumed at present. acknowledgement: We thank V. Buat, D. Burgarella and J. Zavala for sharing their NOEMA data and constraints on the dust-obscured star formation of RUBIES-EGS-QG-1. This work is partially based on observations carried out under project number W20CK with the IRAM NOEMA Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). We thank C. Lagos for providing measurements from the SHARK simulation. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team Project No. 562. M.V.M., J.L. and B.W. acknowledge funding support from NASA through JWST-GO-4233. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (Grant No. DNRF140 to G.B., P.A.O. and K.E.W.). This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Contract No. MB22.00072) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project Grant No. 200020_207349 to P.A.O.). Support for this work was provided by the Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant (D.J.S.). K.A.S. is a NHFP Hubble Fellow. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship Grant No. HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS 5-26555 (R.P.N.). This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. The observations in this work are associated with programmes ERS-1345, GO-2234, DDT-2750 and GO-4233. We gratefully acknowledge the CEERS and DDT-2750 teams for developing their observing programme with a zero-exclusive-access period. Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society. article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Anna full_name: De Graaff, Anna last_name: De Graaff - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Sam full_name: Cutler, Sam last_name: Cutler - first_name: Katherine A. full_name: Suess, Katherine A. last_name: Suess - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Andrea full_name: Weibel, Andrea last_name: Weibel - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Nikko J. full_name: Cleri, Nikko J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: Gabriella full_name: De Lucia, Gabriella last_name: De Lucia - first_name: Marijn full_name: Franx, Marijn last_name: Franx - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Michaela full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Ian full_name: Mcconachie, Ian last_name: Mcconachie - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Sedona H. full_name: Price, Sedona H. last_name: Price - first_name: Hans Walter full_name: Rix, Hans Walter last_name: Rix - first_name: Francesco full_name: Valentino, Francesco last_name: Valentino - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams citation: ama: De Graaff A, Setton DJ, Brammer G, et al. Efficient formation of a massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.9. Nature Astronomy. 2025;9:280-292. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3 apa: De Graaff, A., Setton, D. J., Brammer, G., Cutler, S., Suess, K. A., Labbé, I., … Williams, C. C. (2025). Efficient formation of a massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.9. Nature Astronomy. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3 chicago: De Graaff, Anna, David J. Setton, Gabriel Brammer, Sam Cutler, Katherine A. Suess, Ivo Labbé, Joel Leja, et al. “Efficient Formation of a Massive Quiescent Galaxy at Redshift 4.9.” Nature Astronomy. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3. ieee: A. De Graaff et al., “Efficient formation of a massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.9,” Nature Astronomy, vol. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 280–292, 2025. ista: De Graaff A, Setton DJ, Brammer G, Cutler S, Suess KA, Labbé I, Leja J, Weibel A, Maseda MV, Whitaker KE, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Cleri NJ, De Lucia G, Franx M, Greene JE, Hirschmann M, Matthee JJ, Mcconachie I, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Price SH, Rix HW, Valentino F, Wang B, Williams CC. 2025. Efficient formation of a massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.9. Nature Astronomy. 9, 280–292. mla: De Graaff, Anna, et al. “Efficient Formation of a Massive Quiescent Galaxy at Redshift 4.9.” Nature Astronomy, vol. 9, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 280–92, doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3. short: A. De Graaff, D.J. Setton, G. Brammer, S. Cutler, K.A. Suess, I. Labbé, J. Leja, A. Weibel, M.V. Maseda, K.E. Whitaker, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, N.J. Cleri, G. De Lucia, M. Franx, J.E. Greene, M. Hirschmann, J.J. Matthee, I. Mcconachie, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, S.H. Price, H.W. Rix, F. Valentino, B. Wang, C.C. Williams, Nature Astronomy 9 (2025) 280–292. date_created: 2024-12-08T23:01:56Z date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-05-19T14:01:21Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3 external_id: isi: - '001420347200001' pmid: - '39990236' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: fb9109951dfe72f08c04c72cd7cfba69 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-04-16T08:53:59Z date_updated: 2025-04-16T08:53:59Z file_id: '19574' file_name: 2025_NatureAstronomy_deGraaff.pdf file_size: 2034513 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-04-16T08:53:59Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02424-3 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 9' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 280-292 pmid: 1 publication: Nature Astronomy publication_identifier: eissn: - 2397-3366 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Efficient formation of a massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.9 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 9 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '18854' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. One of the surprising early findings with JWST has been the discovery of a strong “roll-over” or a softening of the absorption edge of Lyα in a large number of galaxies at z ≳ 6, in addition to systematic offsets from photometric redshift estimates and fundamental galaxy scaling relations. This has been interpreted as strong cumulative damped Lyα absorption (DLA) wings from high column densities of neutral atomic hydrogen (H I), signifying major gas accretion events in the formation of these galaxies.\r\nAims. To explore this new phenomenon systematically, we assembled the JWST/NIRSpec PRImordial gas Mass AssembLy (PRIMAL) legacy survey of 584 galaxies at z = 5.0 − 13.4, designed to study the physical properties and gas in and around galaxies during the reionization epoch.\r\nMethods. We characterized this benchmark sample in full and spectroscopically derived the galaxy redshifts, metallicities, star formation rates, and ultraviolet (UV) slopes. We defined a new diagnostic, the Lyα damping parameter DLyα, to measure and quantify the net effect of Lyα emission strength, the H I fraction in the intergalactic medium, or the local H I column density for each source. The JWST-PRIMAL survey is based on the spectroscopic DAWN JWST Archive (DJA-Spec). We describe DJA-Spec in this paper, detailing the reduction methods, the post-processing steps, and basic analysis tools. All the software, reduced spectra, and spectroscopically derived quantities and catalogs are made publicly available in dedicated repositories.\r\nResults. We find that the fraction of galaxies showing strong integrated DLAs with NHI > 1021 cm−2 only increases slightly from ≈60% at z ≈ 6 up to ≈65 − 90% at z > 8. Similarly, the prevalence and prominence of Lyα emission is found to increase with decreasing redshift, in qualitative agreement with previous observational results. Strong Lyα emitters (LAEs) are predominantly found to be associated with low-metallicity and UV faint galaxies. By contrast, strong DLAs are observed in galaxies with a variety of intrinsic physical properties, but predominantly at high redshifts and low metallicities.\r\nConclusions. Our results indicate that strong DLAs likely reflect a particular early assembly phase of reionization-era galaxies, at which point they are largely dominated by pristine H I gas accretion. At z = 8 − 10, this gas gradually cools and forms into stars that ionize their local surroundings, forming large ionized bubbles and producing strong observed Lyα emission at z < 8." acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank the referee for a detailed and constructive report, greatly improving the presentation of the results in this work. We would like to thank Peter Jakobsen for his vision and heroic endeavor in optimally designing the JWST/NIRSpec instrument and some of its first on-sky observations and for enlightening discussions about the intricacies of the NIRSpec data. Further, we would like to thank John Chisholm for helpful clarifications and discussions related to the escape fraction of ionizing photons and Aayush Saxena for enlightening conversations on the escape and absorption of Lyman-α photons. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. The data products presented herein were retrieved from the DAWN JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center, which is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. P.D. acknowledge support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (“ODIN") and warmly thanks the European Commission’s and University of Groningen’s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. Support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120 is kindly acknowledged (A.F.). S.G. acknowledges financial support from the Villum Young Investigator grants 37440 and 13160 and the Cosmic Dawn Center. M.K. was supported by the ANID BASAL project FB210003. G.E.M. acknowledges financial support from the Villum Young Investigator grants 37440 and 13160 and the Cosmic Dawn Center. J.W. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), by the ERC through Advanced Grant 695671 “QUENCH”, by the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. F.C. acknowledges support from a UKRI Frontier Research Guarantee Grant (PI Cullen; grant reference EP/X021025/1). J.H.W. acknowledges support by NSF grant AST-2108020 and NASA grants 80NSSC20K0520 and 80NSSC21K1053. NRT acknowledges support through STFC consolidated grant ST/W000857/1. M.J.H. is supported by the Swedish Research Council, VetenskapsrÅdet, and is fellow of the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. Software: This work made use of and acknowledge the following software: NumPy (Harris et al. 2020), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), LMfit (Newville et al. 2014), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), grizli (Brammer 2023a), Astrodrizzle (Gonzaga et al. 2012), and MsaExp (v0.3; Brammer 2023b).' article_number: A60 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: K. E. full_name: Heintz, K. E. last_name: Heintz - first_name: G. B. full_name: Brammer, G. B. last_name: Brammer - first_name: D. full_name: Watson, D. last_name: Watson - first_name: P. A. full_name: Oesch, P. A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: L. C. full_name: Keating, L. C. last_name: Keating - first_name: M. J. full_name: Hayes, M. J. last_name: Hayes - first_name: Unknown full_name: Abdurro'Uf, Unknown last_name: Abdurro'Uf - first_name: K. Z. full_name: Arellano-Córdova, K. Z. last_name: Arellano-Córdova - first_name: A. C. full_name: Carnall, A. C. last_name: Carnall - first_name: C. R. full_name: Christiansen, C. R. last_name: Christiansen - first_name: F. full_name: Cullen, F. last_name: Cullen - first_name: R. full_name: Davé, R. last_name: Davé - first_name: P. full_name: Dayal, P. last_name: Dayal - first_name: A. full_name: Ferrara, A. last_name: Ferrara - first_name: K. full_name: Finlator, K. last_name: Finlator - first_name: J. P.U. full_name: Fynbo, J. P.U. last_name: Fynbo - first_name: S. R. full_name: Flury, S. R. last_name: Flury - first_name: V. full_name: Gelli, V. last_name: Gelli - first_name: S. full_name: Gillman, S. last_name: Gillman - first_name: R. full_name: Gottumukkala, R. last_name: Gottumukkala - first_name: K. full_name: Gould, K. last_name: Gould - first_name: T. R. full_name: Greve, T. R. last_name: Greve - first_name: S. E. full_name: Hardin, S. E. last_name: Hardin - first_name: T. Y.Y. full_name: Hsiao, T. Y.Y. last_name: Hsiao - first_name: A. full_name: Hutter, A. last_name: Hutter - first_name: P. full_name: Jakobsson, P. last_name: Jakobsson - first_name: M. full_name: Killi, M. last_name: Killi - first_name: N. full_name: Khosravaninezhad, N. last_name: Khosravaninezhad - first_name: P. full_name: Laursen, P. last_name: Laursen - first_name: M. M. full_name: Lee, M. M. last_name: Lee - first_name: G. E. full_name: Magdis, G. E. last_name: Magdis - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: R. P. full_name: Naidu, R. P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: D. full_name: Narayanan, D. last_name: Narayanan - first_name: C. full_name: Pollock, C. last_name: Pollock - first_name: M. K.M. full_name: Prescott, M. K.M. last_name: Prescott - first_name: V. full_name: Rusakov, V. last_name: Rusakov - first_name: M. full_name: Shuntov, M. last_name: Shuntov - first_name: A. full_name: Sneppen, A. last_name: Sneppen - first_name: R. full_name: Smit, R. last_name: Smit - first_name: N. R. full_name: Tanvir, N. R. last_name: Tanvir - first_name: C. full_name: Terp, C. last_name: Terp - first_name: S. full_name: Toft, S. last_name: Toft - first_name: F. full_name: Valentino, F. last_name: Valentino - first_name: A. P. full_name: Vijayan, A. P. last_name: Vijayan - first_name: J. R. full_name: Weaver, J. R. last_name: Weaver - first_name: J. H. full_name: Wise, J. H. last_name: Wise - first_name: J. full_name: Witstok, J. last_name: Witstok citation: ama: 'Heintz KE, Brammer GB, Watson D, et al. The JWST-PRIMAL archival survey: A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-α absorption and emission of ∼600 galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;693. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450243' apa: 'Heintz, K. E., Brammer, G. B., Watson, D., Oesch, P. A., Keating, L. C., Hayes, M. J., … Witstok, J. (2025). The JWST-PRIMAL archival survey: A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-α absorption and emission of ∼600 galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450243' chicago: 'Heintz, K. E., G. B. Brammer, D. Watson, P. A. Oesch, L. C. Keating, M. J. Hayes, Unknown Abdurro’Uf, et al. “The JWST-PRIMAL Archival Survey: A JWST/NIRSpec Reference Sample for the Physical Properties and Lyman-α Absorption and Emission of ∼600 Galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450243.' ieee: 'K. E. Heintz et al., “The JWST-PRIMAL archival survey: A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-α absorption and emission of ∼600 galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 693. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Heintz KE, Brammer GB, Watson D, Oesch PA, Keating LC, Hayes MJ, Abdurro’Uf U, Arellano-Córdova KZ, Carnall AC, Christiansen CR, Cullen F, Davé R, Dayal P, Ferrara A, Finlator K, Fynbo JPU, Flury SR, Gelli V, Gillman S, Gottumukkala R, Gould K, Greve TR, Hardin SE, Hsiao TYY, Hutter A, Jakobsson P, Killi M, Khosravaninezhad N, Laursen P, Lee MM, Magdis GE, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Narayanan D, Pollock C, Prescott MKM, Rusakov V, Shuntov M, Sneppen A, Smit R, Tanvir NR, Terp C, Toft S, Valentino F, Vijayan AP, Weaver JR, Wise JH, Witstok J. 2025. The JWST-PRIMAL archival survey: A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-α absorption and emission of ∼600 galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 693, A60.' mla: 'Heintz, K. E., et al. “The JWST-PRIMAL Archival Survey: A JWST/NIRSpec Reference Sample for the Physical Properties and Lyman-α Absorption and Emission of ∼600 Galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 693, A60, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450243.' short: K.E. Heintz, G.B. Brammer, D. Watson, P.A. Oesch, L.C. Keating, M.J. Hayes, U. Abdurro’Uf, K.Z. Arellano-Córdova, A.C. Carnall, C.R. Christiansen, F. Cullen, R. Davé, P. Dayal, A. Ferrara, K. Finlator, J.P.U. Fynbo, S.R. Flury, V. Gelli, S. Gillman, R. Gottumukkala, K. Gould, T.R. Greve, S.E. Hardin, T.Y.Y. Hsiao, A. Hutter, P. Jakobsson, M. Killi, N. Khosravaninezhad, P. Laursen, M.M. Lee, G.E. Magdis, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, D. Narayanan, C. Pollock, M.K.M. Prescott, V. Rusakov, M. Shuntov, A. Sneppen, R. Smit, N.R. Tanvir, C. Terp, S. Toft, F. Valentino, A.P. Vijayan, J.R. Weaver, J.H. Wise, J. Witstok, Astronomy & Astrophysics 693 (2025). date_created: 2025-01-19T23:01:52Z date_published: 2025-01-06T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:07:37Z day: '06' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450243 external_id: isi: - '001390856800001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 67a791080ade9bfb449d249de2af7456 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-20T09:17:33Z date_updated: 2025-01-20T09:17:33Z file_id: '18858' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Heintz.pdf file_size: 4513466 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-20T09:17:33Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450243 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 693' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'The JWST-PRIMAL archival survey: A JWST/NIRSpec reference sample for the physical properties and Lyman-α absorption and emission of ∼600 galaxies at z = 5.0-13.4' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 693 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19066' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We present a sample of 1956 individual stellar clumps at redshift 0.7 < z < 10, detected with JWST/NIRCam in 476 galaxies lensed by the galaxy cluster Abell2744. The lensed clumps present magnifications ranging between μ = 1.8 and μ = 300. We perform simultaneous size-photometry estimates in 20 JWST/NIRCam median and broad-band filters from 0.7 to 5 μm.\r\nSpectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analyses enable us to recover the physical properties of the clumps. The majority of the clumps are spatially resolved and have effective radii in the range Reff = 10–700 pc. We restrict this first study to the 1751 post-reionization era clumps with redshift < 5.5. We find a significant evolution of the average clump ages, star formation rates (SFRs), SFR surface densities, and metallicity with increasing redshift, while median stellar mass and stellar mass surface densities are similar in the probed redshift range. We observe a strong correlation between the clump properties and the properties of their host galaxies, with more massive galaxies hosting more massive and older clumps. We find that clumps closer to their host galactic centre are on average more massive, while their ages do not show clear sign of migration. We find that clumps at cosmic noon sample the upper-mass end of the mass function to higher masses than at z > 3, reflecting the rapid increase towards the peak of the cosmic star formation history. We conclude that the results achieved over the studied redshift range are in agreement with expectation of in situ clump formation scenario from large-scale disc fragmentation. " acknowledgement: 'The authors thank the International Space Science Institute for sponsoring the ISSI team: ‘Star Formation within rapidly evolving galaxies’ where many ideas discussed in this article have been brainstormed. AA and AC acknowledge support by the Swedish research council Vetenskapsrådet (2021-05559). MM acknowledges the financial support through grant PRIN-MIUR 2020SKSTHZ. JM and IK acknowledge support by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. RPN acknowledges funding from JWST programme GO-3516. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Adélaïde full_name: Claeyssens, Adélaïde last_name: Claeyssens - first_name: Angela full_name: Adamo, Angela last_name: Adamo - first_name: Matteo full_name: Messa, Matteo last_name: Messa - first_name: Miroslava full_name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava last_name: Dessauges-Zavadsky - first_name: Johan full_name: Richard, Johan last_name: Richard - first_name: Ivan full_name: Kramarenko, Ivan id: 9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4 last_name: Kramarenko orcid: 0000-0001-5346-6048 - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu citation: ama: Claeyssens A, Adamo A, Messa M, et al. Tracing star formation across cosmic time at tens of parsec-scales in the lensing cluster field Abell 2744. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;537(3):2535-2558. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf058 apa: Claeyssens, A., Adamo, A., Messa, M., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Richard, J., Kramarenko, I., … Naidu, R. P. (2025). Tracing star formation across cosmic time at tens of parsec-scales in the lensing cluster field Abell 2744. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf058 chicago: Claeyssens, Adélaïde, Angela Adamo, Matteo Messa, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Johan Richard, Ivan Kramarenko, Jorryt J Matthee, and Rohan P. Naidu. “Tracing Star Formation across Cosmic Time at Tens of Parsec-Scales in the Lensing Cluster Field Abell 2744.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf058. ieee: A. Claeyssens et al., “Tracing star formation across cosmic time at tens of parsec-scales in the lensing cluster field Abell 2744,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 537, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2535–2558, 2025. ista: Claeyssens A, Adamo A, Messa M, Dessauges-Zavadsky M, Richard J, Kramarenko I, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP. 2025. Tracing star formation across cosmic time at tens of parsec-scales in the lensing cluster field Abell 2744. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 537(3), 2535–2558. mla: Claeyssens, Adélaïde, et al. “Tracing Star Formation across Cosmic Time at Tens of Parsec-Scales in the Lensing Cluster Field Abell 2744.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 537, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 2535–58, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf058. short: A. Claeyssens, A. Adamo, M. Messa, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, J. Richard, I. Kramarenko, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 537 (2025) 2535–2558. date_created: 2025-02-23T23:01:55Z date_published: 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T11:51:48Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa - _id: GradSch doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf058 external_id: arxiv: - '2410.10974' isi: - '001420026000001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 431aef05755e6b5472f5e9b4c326cf84 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-02-25T06:38:43Z date_updated: 2025-02-25T06:38:43Z file_id: '19084' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Claeyssens.pdf file_size: 35099276 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-02-25T06:38:43Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf058 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 537' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2535-2558 project: - _id: bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea grant_number: '101076224' name: Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Tracing star formation across cosmic time at tens of parsec-scales in the lensing cluster field Abell 2744 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 537 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19069' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. The hydrogen Lyman-alpha (Lyα) line, the brightest rest-frame ultraviolet line of high-redshift galaxies, exhibits a large variety of shapes, which is due to factors at different scales, from the interstellar medium to the intergalactic medium (IGM).\r\nAims. The aim of this work is to provide a systematic inventory and classification of the spectral shapes of Lyα emission lines to better understand the general population of high-redshift Lyα emitting galaxies (LAEs).\r\nMethods. Using the unprecedentedly deep data from the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field (MXDF; up to 140 hour exposure time), we selected 477 galaxies observed in the ∼2.8−6.6 redshift range, 15 of which have a systemic redshift from nebular lines. We developed a method to classify Lyα emission lines in four spectral and three spatial categories by combining a pure spectral analysis with a narrow-band image analysis. We measured spectral properties, such as the peak separation and the blue-to-total flux ratio for the double-peaked galaxies.\r\nResults. To ensure a robust sample for statistical analysis, we define two unbiased subsets, inclusive and restrictive, by applying thresholds for signal-to-noise ratio, peak separation, and Lyα luminosity, yielding a final unbiased sample of 206 galaxies. Our analysis reveals that between 32% and 51% of the galaxies exhibit double-peaked profiles, with peak separations ranging from 150 km s−1 to nearly 1600 km s−1. The fraction of double-peaked galaxies seems to evolve dependently with the Lyα luminosity, while we do not see a severe decrease in this fraction with redshift, which is expected given the IGM attenuation at high redshift. An artificial increase in the number of double-peaked galaxies at the highest redshifts may cause the observation of a plateau instead of a decrease. A notable number of these double-peaked profiles show blue-dominated spectra, suggesting unique gas dynamics and inflow characteristics in some high-redshift galaxies. The consequent fraction of blue-dominated spectra needs to be confirmed by obtaining new systemic redshift measurements. Among the double-peaked galaxies, 4% are spurious detections, that is, the blue and red peaks do not come from the same spatial location. Around 20% out of the 477 sources of the parent sample lie in a complex environment, meaning there are other clumps or galaxies at the same redshift within a distance of 30 kpc.\r\nConclusions. Our results suggest that the double-peaked LAE fraction may trace the evolution of IGM attenuation, but the faintest galaxies must be observed at high redshift. We also need more data to confirm the trend seen at low redshift. In addition, it is crucial to obtain secure systemic redshifts for LAEs to better constrain the nature of the Lyα double-peaked lines. Statistical samples of double-peaked and triple-peaked galaxies are a promising probe of the evolution of the physical properties of galaxies across cosmic time." acknowledgement: 'EV and AV acknowledges the support from the SNF grants PP00P2 176808 and 211023. HK acknowledges support from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Overseas Research Fellowship as well as JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists. JP acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant Wi 1369/31-1. This work is based on observations taken by VLT, which is operated by European Southern Observatory. This research made use of ASTROPY, which is a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018, 2022), and other software and packages: MPDAF (Piqueras et al. 2019), PHOTUTILS (Bradley 2023), NUMPY (van der Walt et al. 2011), SCIPY (Virtanen et al. 2020). The plots in this paper were created using MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007).' article_number: A100 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Eloïse full_name: Vitte, Eloïse last_name: Vitte - first_name: Anne full_name: Verhamme, Anne last_name: Verhamme - first_name: Pascale full_name: Hibon, Pascale last_name: Hibon - first_name: Floriane full_name: Leclercq, Floriane last_name: Leclercq - first_name: Belén full_name: Alcalde Pampliega, Belén last_name: Alcalde Pampliega - first_name: Josephine full_name: Kerutt, Josephine last_name: Kerutt - first_name: Haruka full_name: Kusakabe, Haruka last_name: Kusakabe - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Yucheng full_name: Guo, Yucheng last_name: Guo - first_name: Roland full_name: Bacon, Roland last_name: Bacon - first_name: Michael full_name: Maseda, Michael last_name: Maseda - first_name: Johan full_name: Richard, Johan last_name: Richard - first_name: John full_name: Pharo, John last_name: Pharo - first_name: Joop full_name: Schaye, Joop last_name: Schaye - first_name: Leindert full_name: Boogaard, Leindert last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Themiya full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya last_name: Nanayakkara - first_name: Thierry full_name: Contini, Thierry last_name: Contini citation: ama: 'Vitte E, Verhamme A, Hibon P, et al. The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the spectral shapes of Ly α -emitting galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;694. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450426' apa: 'Vitte, E., Verhamme, A., Hibon, P., Leclercq, F., Alcalde Pampliega, B., Kerutt, J., … Contini, T. (2025). The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the spectral shapes of Ly α -emitting galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450426' chicago: 'Vitte, Eloïse, Anne Verhamme, Pascale Hibon, Floriane Leclercq, Belén Alcalde Pampliega, Josephine Kerutt, Haruka Kusakabe, et al. “The MUSE EXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the Spectral Shapes of Ly α -Emitting Galaxies.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450426.' ieee: 'E. Vitte et al., “The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the spectral shapes of Ly α -emitting galaxies,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 694. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Vitte E, Verhamme A, Hibon P, Leclercq F, Alcalde Pampliega B, Kerutt J, Kusakabe H, Matthee JJ, Guo Y, Bacon R, Maseda M, Richard J, Pharo J, Schaye J, Boogaard L, Nanayakkara T, Contini T. 2025. The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the spectral shapes of Ly α -emitting galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 694, A100.' mla: 'Vitte, Eloïse, et al. “The MUSE EXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the Spectral Shapes of Ly α -Emitting Galaxies.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 694, A100, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450426.' short: E. Vitte, A. Verhamme, P. Hibon, F. Leclercq, B. Alcalde Pampliega, J. Kerutt, H. Kusakabe, J.J. Matthee, Y. Guo, R. Bacon, M. Maseda, J. Richard, J. Pharo, J. Schaye, L. Boogaard, T. Nanayakkara, T. Contini, Astronomy & Astrophysics 694 (2025). date_created: 2025-02-23T23:01:56Z date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:08:40Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450426 external_id: isi: - '001417357000009' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: ed2a5bba313e54ed250be348bd8c1d95 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-02-25T07:19:34Z date_updated: 2025-02-25T07:19:34Z file_id: '19087' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Vitte.pdf file_size: 3444203 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-02-25T07:19:34Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450426 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 694' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 issnl: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Classifying the spectral shapes of Ly α -emitting galaxies' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 694 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19070' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. Recent observations suggest a significant and rapid buildup of dust in galaxies at high redshift (z > 4); this presents new challenges to our understanding of galaxy formation in the early Universe. Although our understanding of the physics of dust production and destruction in a galaxy’s interstellar medium (ISM) is improving, investigating the baryonic processes in the early universe remains a complex task owing to the inherent degeneracies in cosmological simulations and chemical evolution models.\r\nAims. In this work we characterized the evolution of 98 z ∼ 5 star-forming galaxies observed as part of the ALMA Large Program ALPINE by constraining the physical processes underpinning the gas and dust production, consumption, and destruction in their ISM.\r\nMethods. We made use of chemical evolution models to simultaneously reproduce the observed dust and gas content of our galaxies, obtained respectively from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting and ionized carbon measurements. For each galaxy we constrained the initial gas mass, gas inflows and outflows, and efficiencies of dust growth and destruction. We tested these models with both the canonical Chabrier and a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF); the latter allowed rapid dust production on shorter timescales.\r\nResults. We successfully reproduced the gas and dust content in most of the older galaxies (≳600 Myr) regardless of the assumed IMF, predicting dust production primarily through Type II supernovae (SNe) and no dust growth in the ISM, as well as moderate inflow of primordial gas. In the case of intermediate-age galaxies (300−600 Myr), we reproduced the gas and dust content through Type II SNe and dust growth in ISM, though we observed an overprediction of dust mass in older galaxies, potentially indicating an unaccounted dust destruction mechanism and/or an overestimation of the observed dust masses. The number of young galaxies (≲300 Myr) reproduced, increases for models assuming top-heavy IMF but with maximal prescriptions of dust production. Galactic outflows are required (up to a mass-loading factor of 2) to reproduce the observed gas and dust mass, and to recover the decreasing trend of gas and dust over stellar mass with age. Assuming the Chabrier IMF, models are able to reproduce ∼65% of the total sample, while with top-heavy IMF the fraction increases to ∼93%, alleviating the tension between the observations and the models. Observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will allow us to remove degeneracies in the diverse intrinsic properties of these galaxies (e.g., star formation histories and metallicity), thereby refining our models." acknowledgement: 'We warmly thank the referee for her/his useful comments and suggestions that greatly improved the quality of our paper. P.S., A.N., and M.R. acknowledge support from the Narodowe Centrum Nauki (UMO2020/38/E/ST9/00077). M.R. acknowledges support from the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) under the program START 063.2023. D.D. acknowledges support from the National Science Center (NCN) grant SONATA (UMO2020/39/D/ST9/00720). J. and K.M. are grateful for the support from the Polish National Science Centre via grant UMO-018/30/E/ST9/00082. J. acknowledges support from the European Union (MSCA EDUCADO, GA 101119830 and WIDERA ExGal-Twin, GA 101158446). M.B. gratefully acknowledges support from the ANID BASAL project FB210003 and from the FONDECYT regular grant 1211000. This work was supported by the French government through the France 2030 investment plan managed by the National Research Agency (ANR), as part of the Initiative of Excellence of Université Côte d’Azur under reference number ANR-15-IDEX-01. M.H. acknowledges support from the Polish National Science Center (UMO-2022/45/N/ST9/01336). E.I. acknowledges funding by ANID FONDECYT Regular 1221846. G.E.M. acknowledges the Villum Fonden research grant 13160 “Gas to stars, stars to dust: tracing star formation across cosmic time”, grant 37440, “The Hidden Cosmos”, and the Cosmic Dawn Center of Excellence funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under the grant No. 140.' article_number: A82 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: P. full_name: Sawant, P. last_name: Sawant - first_name: A. full_name: Nanni, A. last_name: Nanni - first_name: M. full_name: Romano, M. last_name: Romano - first_name: D. full_name: Donevski, D. last_name: Donevski - first_name: G. full_name: Bruzual, G. last_name: Bruzual - first_name: N. full_name: Ysard, N. last_name: Ysard - first_name: B. C. full_name: Lemaux, B. C. last_name: Lemaux - first_name: H. full_name: Inami, H. last_name: Inami - first_name: F. full_name: Calura, F. last_name: Calura - first_name: F. full_name: Pozzi, F. last_name: Pozzi - first_name: K. full_name: Małek, K. last_name: Małek - first_name: J. full_name: Junais, J. last_name: Junais - first_name: M. full_name: Boquien, M. last_name: Boquien - first_name: A. L. full_name: Faisst, A. L. last_name: Faisst - first_name: M. full_name: Hamed, M. last_name: Hamed - first_name: M. full_name: Ginolfi, M. last_name: Ginolfi - first_name: G. full_name: Zamorani, G. last_name: Zamorani - first_name: G. full_name: Lorenzon, G. last_name: Lorenzon - first_name: J. full_name: Molina, J. last_name: Molina - first_name: S. full_name: Bardelli, S. last_name: Bardelli - first_name: E. full_name: Ibar, E. last_name: Ibar - first_name: D. full_name: Vergani, D. last_name: Vergani - first_name: Claudia full_name: Di Cesare, Claudia id: 2d002343-372f-11ef-98ec-a164d20427cb last_name: Di Cesare - first_name: M. full_name: Béthermin, M. last_name: Béthermin - first_name: D. full_name: Burgarella, D. last_name: Burgarella - first_name: P. full_name: Cassata, P. last_name: Cassata - first_name: M. full_name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. last_name: Dessauges-Zavadsky - first_name: E. full_name: D'Onghia, E. last_name: D'Onghia - first_name: Y. full_name: Dubois, Y. last_name: Dubois - first_name: G. E. full_name: Magdis, G. E. last_name: Magdis - first_name: H. full_name: Mendez-Hernandez, H. last_name: Mendez-Hernandez citation: ama: 'Sawant P, Nanni A, Romano M, et al. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the interstellar medium of z ∼ 5 star-forming galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;694. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451542' apa: 'Sawant, P., Nanni, A., Romano, M., Donevski, D., Bruzual, G., Ysard, N., … Mendez-Hernandez, H. (2025). The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the interstellar medium of z ∼ 5 star-forming galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451542' chicago: 'Sawant, P., A. Nanni, M. Romano, D. Donevski, G. Bruzual, N. Ysard, B. C. Lemaux, et al. “The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Unveiling the Baryon Evolution in the Interstellar Medium of z ∼ 5 Star-Forming Galaxies.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451542.' ieee: 'P. Sawant et al., “The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the interstellar medium of z ∼ 5 star-forming galaxies,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 694. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Sawant P, Nanni A, Romano M, Donevski D, Bruzual G, Ysard N, Lemaux BC, Inami H, Calura F, Pozzi F, Małek K, Junais J, Boquien M, Faisst AL, Hamed M, Ginolfi M, Zamorani G, Lorenzon G, Molina J, Bardelli S, Ibar E, Vergani D, Di Cesare C, Béthermin M, Burgarella D, Cassata P, Dessauges-Zavadsky M, D’Onghia E, Dubois Y, Magdis GE, Mendez-Hernandez H. 2025. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the interstellar medium of z ∼ 5 star-forming galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 694, A82.' mla: 'Sawant, P., et al. “The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Unveiling the Baryon Evolution in the Interstellar Medium of z ∼ 5 Star-Forming Galaxies.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 694, A82, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451542.' short: P. Sawant, A. Nanni, M. Romano, D. Donevski, G. Bruzual, N. Ysard, B.C. Lemaux, H. Inami, F. Calura, F. Pozzi, K. Małek, J. Junais, M. Boquien, A.L. Faisst, M. Hamed, M. Ginolfi, G. Zamorani, G. Lorenzon, J. Molina, S. Bardelli, E. Ibar, D. Vergani, C. Di Cesare, M. Béthermin, D. Burgarella, P. Cassata, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, E. D’Onghia, Y. Dubois, G.E. Magdis, H. Mendez-Hernandez, Astronomy & Astrophysics 694 (2025). date_created: 2025-02-23T23:01:56Z date_published: 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:08:24Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451542 external_id: isi: - '001414753300028' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 792cbcda14148c352dc8c5a26058827d content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-02-25T07:05:19Z date_updated: 2025-02-25T07:05:19Z file_id: '19086' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Sawant.pdf file_size: 7624067 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-02-25T07:05:19Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451542 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 694' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the interstellar medium of z ∼ 5 star-forming galaxies' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 694 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19284' abstract: - lang: eng text: The Hα nebular emission line is an optimal tracer for recent star formation in galaxies. With the advent of JWST, this line has recently become observable at z > 3 for the first time. We present a catalog of 1050 Hα emitters at 3.7 < z < 6.7 in the GOODS fields obtained from a blind search in JWST NIRCam/grism data. We made use of the FRESCO survey’s 124 arcmin2 of observations in GOODS-North and GOODS-South with the F444W filter, probing Hα at 4.9 < z < 6.7, and the CONGRESS survey’s 62 arcmin2 of observations in GOODS-North with F356W, probing Hα at 3.8 < z < 5.1. We found an overdensity with 98 sources at z ∼ 4.4 in GOODS-N, and confirmed previously reported overdensities at z ∼ 5.2 in GOODS-N and at z ∼ 5.4 and z ∼ 5.9 in GOODS-S. We computed the observed Hα luminosity functions (LFs) in three bins centered at z ∼ 4.45, 5.30, and 6.15, which are the first such measurements at z > 3 obtained based purely on spectroscopic data, robustly tracing galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) beyond the peak of the cosmic star formation history. We compared our results with theoretical predictions from three different simulations and found good agreement at z ∼ 4 − 6. The UV LFs of this spectroscopically confirmed sample are in good agreement with pre-JWST measurements obtained with photometrically selected objects. Finally, we derived SFR functions and integrated them to compute the evolution of the cosmic SFR densities across z ∼ 4 − 6, finding values in good agreement with recent UV estimates from Lyman-break galaxies, which imply a continuous decrease in SFR density by a factor of three over z ∼ 4 to z ∼ 6. Our work shows the power of NIRCam grism observations to efficiently provide new tests for early galaxy formation models based on emission line statistics. acknowledgement: 'This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program Nos. 1895 and 3577. The authors sincerely thank the CONGRESS team (PIs: Egami & Sun) for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. We thank Aswin Vijayan and Harley Katz for their help in analyzing the simulation data from FLARES and SPHINX. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. Support for program #1895 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. Support for this work for RPN was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. MS acknowledges support from the European Research Commission Consolidator Grant 101088789 (SFEER), from the CIDEGENT/2021/059 grant by Generalitat Valenciana, and from project PID2023-149420NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU.' article_number: A178 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Alba full_name: Covelo-Paz, Alba last_name: Covelo-Paz - first_name: Emma full_name: Giovinazzo, Emma last_name: Giovinazzo - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Romain A. full_name: Meyer, Romain A. last_name: Meyer - first_name: Andrea full_name: Weibel, Andrea last_name: Weibel - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Yoshinobu full_name: Fudamoto, Yoshinobu last_name: Fudamoto - first_name: Josephine full_name: Kerutt, Josephine last_name: Kerutt - first_name: Jamie full_name: Lin, Jamie last_name: Lin - first_name: Jasleen full_name: Matharu, Jasleen last_name: Matharu - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Anna full_name: Velichko, Anna last_name: Velichko - first_name: Victoria full_name: Bollo, Victoria last_name: Bollo - first_name: Rychard full_name: Bouwens, Rychard last_name: Bouwens - first_name: John full_name: Chisholm, John last_name: Chisholm - first_name: Garth D. full_name: Illingworth, Garth D. last_name: Illingworth - first_name: Ivan full_name: Kramarenko, Ivan id: 9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4 last_name: Kramarenko orcid: 0000-0001-5346-6048 - first_name: Daniel full_name: Magee, Daniel last_name: Magee - first_name: Michael full_name: Maseda, Michael last_name: Maseda - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Erica full_name: Nelson, Erica last_name: Nelson - first_name: Naveen full_name: Reddy, Naveen last_name: Reddy - first_name: Daniel full_name: Schaerer, Daniel last_name: Schaerer - first_name: Mauro full_name: Stefanon, Mauro last_name: Stefanon - first_name: Mengyuan full_name: Xiao, Mengyuan last_name: Xiao citation: ama: 'Covelo-Paz A, Giovinazzo E, Oesch PA, et al. An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;694. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452363' apa: 'Covelo-Paz, A., Giovinazzo, E., Oesch, P. A., Meyer, R. A., Weibel, A., Brammer, G., … Xiao, M. (2025). An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452363' chicago: 'Covelo-Paz, Alba, Emma Giovinazzo, Pascal A. Oesch, Romain A. Meyer, Andrea Weibel, Gabriel Brammer, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, et al. “An Hα View of Galaxy Buildup in the First 2 Gyr: Luminosity Functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/Grism Spectroscopy.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452363.' ieee: 'A. Covelo-Paz et al., “An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 694. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Covelo-Paz A, Giovinazzo E, Oesch PA, Meyer RA, Weibel A, Brammer G, Fudamoto Y, Kerutt J, Lin J, Matharu J, Naidu RP, Velichko A, Bollo V, Bouwens R, Chisholm J, Illingworth GD, Kramarenko I, Magee D, Maseda M, Matthee JJ, Nelson E, Reddy N, Schaerer D, Stefanon M, Xiao M. 2025. An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 694, A178.' mla: 'Covelo-Paz, Alba, et al. “An Hα View of Galaxy Buildup in the First 2 Gyr: Luminosity Functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/Grism Spectroscopy.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 694, A178, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452363.' short: A. Covelo-Paz, E. Giovinazzo, P.A. Oesch, R.A. Meyer, A. Weibel, G. Brammer, Y. Fudamoto, J. Kerutt, J. Lin, J. Matharu, R.P. Naidu, A. Velichko, V. Bollo, R. Bouwens, J. Chisholm, G.D. Illingworth, I. Kramarenko, D. Magee, M. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, E. Nelson, N. Reddy, D. Schaerer, M. Stefanon, M. Xiao, Astronomy & Astrophysics 694 (2025). date_created: 2025-03-02T23:01:54Z date_published: 2025-02-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:08:59Z day: '12' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452363 external_id: arxiv: - '2409.17241' isi: - '001420194600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: b1e74644a0cd37550e9a553f8675c93f content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-03-04T09:29:01Z date_updated: 2025-03-04T09:29:01Z file_id: '19285' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_CoveloPaz.pdf file_size: 1865856 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-03-04T09:29:01Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452363 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 694' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: ' https://github.com/astroalba/fresco' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 694 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19365' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present a comprehensive analysis of H i absorption around 96 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 3.3 (median Lyα luminosity ≈1042 erg s−1). These LAEs were identified within eight MUSE fields, each (math. formular) on the sky and centered on a bright background quasar, as part of the MUSEQuBES survey. Using Voigt profile fitting for all H i absorbers detected within ±​​​​​​500 km s−1 of these LAEs, we compiled a catalog of 800 H i absorption components. Our analysis shows that H i absorption is enhanced near the LAEs compared to the intergalactic medium. However, no trend is found between the column densities of H i absorbers and their impact parameters from the LAEs (spanning ​​​​​​≈54–260 pkpc). Additionally, all galaxies associated with Lyman-limit systems have impact parameters >50 pkpc from the quasar sightlines, suggesting that true absorber hosts may be too faint to detect. The LAEs show an overall H i covering fraction (fc(H i)) of ≈88% for a threshold (math. formular) (H i) = 15. Notably, at the same threshold, the LAEs in pairs/groups exhibit a 100% H i covering fraction out to ≈250 pkpc. In contrast, isolated LAEs consistently show a lower fc(H i) of ≈80%. This environmental influence on fc(H i) is also evident up to ≈300 km s−1 in differential bins of line-of-sight velocity. We find an anticorrelation between fc(H i) and the equivalent width of rest-frame Lyα emission (EW0). Based on the Lyα shell model, this could imply that gas-rich galaxies tend to reside in gas-rich environments or that the LAEs with higher EW0 are more efficient at ionizing their surrounding medium. acknowledgement: "We would like to thank the anonymous referee for useful comments. We thank Marijke Segers, Lorrie Straka, and Monica Turner for their early contributions to the MUSEQuBES project. We thank Raghunathan Srianand for useful suggestions. E.B. thanks Labanya Kumar Guha and Yucheng Guo for helpful discussions. S.C. gratefully acknowledges the fund support from the European Research Council (ERC).\r\n\r\nSoftware: NumPy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), Matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007), and AstroPy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018)." article_number: '171' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Eshita full_name: Banerjee, Eshita last_name: Banerjee - first_name: Sowgat full_name: Muzahid, Sowgat last_name: Muzahid - first_name: Joop full_name: Schaye, Joop last_name: Schaye - first_name: Jérémy full_name: Blaizot, Jérémy last_name: Blaizot - first_name: Nicolas full_name: Bouché, Nicolas last_name: Bouché - first_name: Sebastiano full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano last_name: Cantalupo - first_name: Sean D. full_name: Johnson, Sean D. last_name: Johnson - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Anne full_name: Verhamme, Anne last_name: Verhamme citation: ama: 'Banerjee E, Muzahid S, Schaye J, et al. MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;980(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9' apa: 'Banerjee, E., Muzahid, S., Schaye, J., Blaizot, J., Bouché, N., Cantalupo, S., … Verhamme, A. (2025). MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9' chicago: 'Banerjee, Eshita, Sowgat Muzahid, Joop Schaye, Jérémy Blaizot, Nicolas Bouché, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Sean D. Johnson, Jorryt J Matthee, and Anne Verhamme. “MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα Emitters at z ≈ 3.3.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9.' ieee: 'E. Banerjee et al., “MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 980, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.' ista: 'Banerjee E, Muzahid S, Schaye J, Blaizot J, Bouché N, Cantalupo S, Johnson SD, Matthee JJ, Verhamme A. 2025. MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3. The Astrophysical Journal. 980(2), 171.' mla: 'Banerjee, Eshita, et al. “MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα Emitters at z ≈ 3.3.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 980, no. 2, 171, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9.' short: E. Banerjee, S. Muzahid, J. Schaye, J. Blaizot, N. Bouché, S. Cantalupo, S.D. Johnson, J.J. Matthee, A. Verhamme, The Astrophysical Journal 980 (2025). date_created: 2025-03-09T23:01:26Z date_published: 2025-02-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:42:00Z day: '20' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9 external_id: isi: - '001421001500001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1d33a8eb59f42a0c7a943c8859e9b883 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-03-10T11:54:52Z date_updated: 2025-03-10T11:54:52Z file_id: '19379' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Banerjee.pdf file_size: 1194131 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-03-10T11:54:52Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 980' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 980 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19504' abstract: - lang: eng text: Observational studies have shown that galaxy disks were already in place in the first few billion years of the Universe. The early disks detected so far, with typical half-light radii of 3 kpc at stellar masses around 1011 M⊙ for redshift z ≈ 3, are significantly smaller than today’s disks with similar masses, which is in agreement with expectations from current galaxy models. Here we report observations of a giant disk at z = 3.25, when the Universe was only two billion years old, with a half-light radius of 9.6 kpc and stellar mass of (math formular). This galaxy is larger than any other kinematically confirmed disks at similar epochs and is surprisingly similar to today’s largest disks with regard to size and mass. James Webb Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy reveal its spiral morphology and a rotational velocity consistent with a local Tully–Fisher relationship. Multiwavelength observations show that it lies in an exceptionally dense environment, where the galaxy number density is more than ten times higher than the cosmic average and mergers are frequent. The discovery of such a giant disk suggests the presence of favourable physical conditions for large-disk formation in dense environments in the early Universe, which may include efficient accretion of gas carrying coherent angular momentum and non-destructive mergers between exceptionally gas-rich progenitor galaxies. acknowledgement: We thank B. Wang, P. Madau, M. Dotti, A. de la Vega, Y. Guo, C. Bacchini, Z. Cai, C. Conselice, A. Dekel, S. Faber, F. Fraternali, L. Ho, F. Jiang, S. Kassin, D. Koo, N. Mandelker, S. Mao and D. Xu for the valuable and insightful discussions regarding the research topics relevant to this paper. This project was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant no. 864361 (CosmicWeb). A.P. acknowledges the support from Fondazione Cariplo grant no. 2020-0902. M.V.M. acknowledges funding from NASA by means of HST-GO-17065. T.N. acknowledges support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programme no. 1835. Support for programme no. 1835 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This research is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programme 17065. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The scientific results reported in this article are based in part on observations made by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. This work is also based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 110.23ZX. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Weichen full_name: Wang, Weichen last_name: Wang - first_name: Sebastiano full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano last_name: Cantalupo - first_name: Antonio full_name: Pensabene, Antonio last_name: Pensabene - first_name: Marta full_name: Galbiati, Marta last_name: Galbiati - first_name: Andrea full_name: Travascio, Andrea last_name: Travascio - first_name: Charles C. full_name: Steidel, Charles C. last_name: Steidel - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Gabriele full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele last_name: Pezzulli - first_name: Stephanie full_name: De Beer, Stephanie last_name: De Beer - first_name: Matteo full_name: Fossati, Matteo last_name: Fossati - first_name: Michele full_name: Fumagalli, Michele last_name: Fumagalli - first_name: Sofia G. full_name: Gallego, Sofia G. last_name: Gallego - first_name: Titouan full_name: Lazeyras, Titouan last_name: Lazeyras - first_name: Ruari full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Themiya full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya last_name: Nanayakkara - first_name: Giada full_name: Quadri, Giada last_name: Quadri citation: ama: Wang W, Cantalupo S, Pensabene A, et al. A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang. Nature Astronomy. 2025;9:710-719. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2 apa: Wang, W., Cantalupo, S., Pensabene, A., Galbiati, M., Travascio, A., Steidel, C. C., … Quadri, G. (2025). A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang. Nature Astronomy. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2 chicago: Wang, Weichen, Sebastiano Cantalupo, Antonio Pensabene, Marta Galbiati, Andrea Travascio, Charles C. Steidel, Michael V. Maseda, et al. “A Giant Disk Galaxy Two Billion Years after the Big Bang.” Nature Astronomy. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2. ieee: W. Wang et al., “A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang,” Nature Astronomy, vol. 9. Springer Nature, pp. 710–719, 2025. ista: Wang W, Cantalupo S, Pensabene A, Galbiati M, Travascio A, Steidel CC, Maseda MV, Pezzulli G, De Beer S, Fossati M, Fumagalli M, Gallego SG, Lazeyras T, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Nanayakkara T, Quadri G. 2025. A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang. Nature Astronomy. 9, 710–719. mla: Wang, Weichen, et al. “A Giant Disk Galaxy Two Billion Years after the Big Bang.” Nature Astronomy, vol. 9, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 710–19, doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2. short: W. Wang, S. Cantalupo, A. Pensabene, M. Galbiati, A. Travascio, C.C. Steidel, M.V. Maseda, G. Pezzulli, S. De Beer, M. Fossati, M. Fumagalli, S.G. Gallego, T. Lazeyras, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, T. Nanayakkara, G. Quadri, Nature Astronomy 9 (2025) 710–719. date_created: 2025-04-06T22:01:32Z date_published: 2025-03-17T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T11:25:14Z day: '17' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2 external_id: arxiv: - '2409.17956' isi: - '001447477100001' pmid: - '40417329' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a0e65fe3374bd755b18ba03fd5e42a3f content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-08-05T12:49:36Z date_updated: 2025-08-05T12:49:36Z file_id: '20134' file_name: 2025_NatureAstronomy_Wang.pdf file_size: 4912850 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-08-05T12:49:36Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 9' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 710-719 pmid: 1 publication: Nature Astronomy publication_identifier: eissn: - 2397-3366 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: A giant disk galaxy two billion years after the Big Bang tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 9 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19596' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We report the spectroscopic discovery of a massive quiescent galaxy at zspec = 7.29 ± 0.01, just ∼700 Myr after the big bang. RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 was selected from public JWST/NIRCam and MIRI imaging from the PRIMER survey and observed with JWST/NIRSpec as part of RUBIES. The NIRSpec/PRISM spectrum reveals one of the strongest Balmer breaks observed thus far at z > 6, with no emission lines but tentative Balmer and Ca absorption features, as well as a Lyman break. Simultaneous modeling of the NIRSpec/PRISM spectrum and NIRCam and MIRI photometry (spanning 0.9–18 μm) shows that the galaxy formed a stellar mass of\r\n(math. formular) before z ∼ 8 and ceased forming stars 50–100 Myr prior to the time of observation, resulting in log (sSFR/Gyr- 1) < -1 . We measure a small physical size of (math formular) , which implies a high stellarmass surface density within the effective radius of (math formular) comparable to the highest densities measured in quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2–5. The 3D stellar-mass density profile of RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 is remarkably similar to the central densities of local massive ellipticals, suggesting that at least some of their cores may have already been in place at z > 7. The discovery of RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 has strong implications for galaxy formation models: the estimated number density of quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 7 is >100 × larger than predicted from any model to date, indicating that quiescent galaxies have formed earlier than previously expected. " acknowledgement: "We thank the PRIMER team for making their imaging data publicly available immediately. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #4233. Support for program #4233 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project #562. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF140). This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), through project grant 200020_207349. Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. Support for this work for R.P.N. was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A, awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. T.B.M. was supported by a CIERA fellowship.\r\nAll software packages used in this work are publicly available on Github: grizli, msafit, msaexp, Prospector, and sedpy. We acknowledge: astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018, 2022), matplotlib (J. D. Hunter 2007), numpy (C. R. Harris et al. 2020), scipy (P. Virtanen et al. 2020), lmfit (M. Newville et al. 2024), eMPT (N. Bonaventura et al. 2023), the jwst pipeline (H. Bushouse et al. 2024), msaexp (G. Brammer 2024a), and grizli (G. Brammer 2024b),." article_number: '11' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Weibel, Andrea last_name: Weibel - first_name: Anna full_name: De Graaff, Anna last_name: De Graaff - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Tim B. full_name: Miller, Tim B. last_name: Miller - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Claudia D.P. full_name: Lagos, Claudia D.P. last_name: Lagos - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Josephine F.W. full_name: Baggen, Josephine F.W. last_name: Baggen - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Nikko J. full_name: Cleri, Nikko J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Michaela full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: Raphael E. full_name: Hviding, Raphael E. last_name: Hviding - first_name: Adarsh full_name: Kuruvanthodi, Adarsh last_name: Kuruvanthodi - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Ian full_name: Mcconachie, Ian last_name: Mcconachie - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Guido full_name: Roberts-Borsani, Guido last_name: Roberts-Borsani - first_name: Daniel full_name: Schaerer, Daniel last_name: Schaerer - first_name: Katherine A. full_name: Suess, Katherine A. last_name: Suess - first_name: Francesco full_name: Valentino, Francesco last_name: Valentino - first_name: Pieter full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter last_name: Van Dokkum - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang citation: ama: Weibel A, De Graaff A, Setton DJ, et al. RUBIES reveals a massive quiescent galaxy at z = 7.3. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;983(1). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a apa: Weibel, A., De Graaff, A., Setton, D. J., Miller, T. B., Oesch, P. A., Brammer, G., … Wang, B. (2025). RUBIES reveals a massive quiescent galaxy at z = 7.3. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a chicago: Weibel, Andrea, Anna De Graaff, David J. Setton, Tim B. Miller, Pascal A. Oesch, Gabriel Brammer, Claudia D.P. Lagos, et al. “RUBIES Reveals a Massive Quiescent Galaxy at z = 7.3.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a. ieee: A. Weibel et al., “RUBIES reveals a massive quiescent galaxy at z = 7.3,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 983, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025. ista: Weibel A, De Graaff A, Setton DJ, Miller TB, Oesch PA, Brammer G, Lagos CDP, Whitaker KE, Williams CC, Baggen JFW, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Cleri NJ, Greene JE, Hirschmann M, Hviding RE, Kuruvanthodi A, Labbé I, Leja J, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Mcconachie I, Naidu RP, Roberts-Borsani G, Schaerer D, Suess KA, Valentino F, Van Dokkum P, Wang B. 2025. RUBIES reveals a massive quiescent galaxy at z = 7.3. The Astrophysical Journal. 983(1), 11. mla: Weibel, Andrea, et al. “RUBIES Reveals a Massive Quiescent Galaxy at z = 7.3.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 983, no. 1, 11, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a. short: A. Weibel, A. De Graaff, D.J. Setton, T.B. Miller, P.A. Oesch, G. Brammer, C.D.P. Lagos, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, J.F.W. Baggen, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, N.J. Cleri, J.E. Greene, M. Hirschmann, R.E. Hviding, A. Kuruvanthodi, I. Labbé, J. Leja, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, I. Mcconachie, R.P. Naidu, G. Roberts-Borsani, D. Schaerer, K.A. Suess, F. Valentino, P. Van Dokkum, B. Wang, The Astrophysical Journal 983 (2025). date_created: 2025-04-20T22:01:28Z date_published: 2025-04-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:42:28Z day: '10' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a external_id: arxiv: - '2409.03829' isi: - '001457334900001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a1132e0b18bb643f9a32674c6694375a content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-04-22T09:08:17Z date_updated: 2025-04-22T09:08:17Z file_id: '19605' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Weibel.pdf file_size: 1964589 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-04-22T09:08:17Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adab7a has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 983' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: RUBIES reveals a massive quiescent galaxy at z = 7.3 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 983 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19700' abstract: - lang: eng text: The JWST discovery of "little red dots" (LRDs) is reshaping our picture of the early Universe, yet the physical mechanisms driving their compact size and UV-optical colors remain elusive. Here, we report an unusually bright LRD (zspec = 3.1) observed as part of the RUBIES program. This LRD exhibits broad emission lines (FWHM ∼ 4000 km s−1), a blue UV continuum, a clear Balmer break, and a red continuum sampled out to rest-frame 4 μm with MIRI. We develop a new joint galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) model within the Prospector Bayesian inference framework and perform spectrophotometric modeling using NIRCam, MIRI, and NIRSpec/Prism observations. Our fiducial model reveals a M* ∼ 109 M⊙ galaxy alongside a dust-reddened AGN driving the optical emission. Explaining the rest-frame optical color as a reddened AGN requires AV ≳ 3, suggesting that a great majority of the accretion disk energy is reradiated as dust emission. Yet, despite clear AGN signatures, we find a surprising lack of hot torus emission, which implies that either the dust emission in this object must be cold, or the red continuum must instead be driven by a massive, evolved stellar population of the host galaxy—seemingly inconsistent with the high-EW broad lines (Hα rest-frame EW ∼ 800 Å). The widths and luminosities of Pa-β, Pa-δ, Pa-γ, and Hα imply a modest black hole mass of MBH ∼ 108 M⊙. Additionally, we identify a narrow blueshifted He i λ 1.083 μm absorption feature in NIRSpec/G395M spectra, signaling an ionized outflow with kinetic energy up to ∼1% the luminosity of the AGN. The low redshift of RUBIES-BLAGN-1, combined with the depth and richness of the JWST imaging and spectroscopic observations, provides a unique opportunity to build a physical model for these so-far mysterious LRDs, which may prove to be a crucial phase in the early formation of massive galaxies and their supermassive black holes. acknowledgement: 'B.W. and J.L. acknowledge support from JWST-GO-04233.009-A. R.L.D. is supported by the Australian Research Council through the Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) Fellowship DE240100136 funded by the Australian Government. T.B.M. was supported by a CIERA postdoctoral fellowship. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project #562 (First Light at Cosmic Dawn: Exploiting the James Webb Space Telescope Revolution). The JWST data presented in this article were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed here can be accessed via DOI:10.17909/c3t4-9p39. Computations for this research were performed on the Pennsylvania State University''s Institute for Computational and Data Sciences'' Roar supercomputer. This publication made use of the NASA Astrophysical Data System for bibliographic information.' article_number: '121' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: Anna full_name: De Graaff, Anna last_name: De Graaff - first_name: Rebecca L. full_name: Davies, Rebecca L. last_name: Davies - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Gabriel B. full_name: Brammer, Gabriel B. last_name: Brammer - first_name: Andy D. full_name: Goulding, Andy D. last_name: Goulding - first_name: Tim B. full_name: Miller, Tim B. last_name: Miller - first_name: Katherine A. full_name: Suess, Katherine A. last_name: Suess - first_name: Andrea full_name: Weibel, Andrea last_name: Weibel - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Nikko J. full_name: Cleri, Nikko J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: Michaela full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: Harley full_name: Katz, Harley last_name: Katz - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Ian full_name: Mcconachie, Ian last_name: Mcconachie - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Hans Walter full_name: Rix, Hans Walter last_name: Rix - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker citation: ama: 'Wang B, De Graaff A, Davies RL, et al. RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;984(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca' apa: 'Wang, B., De Graaff, A., Davies, R. L., Greene, J. E., Leja, J., Brammer, G. B., … Whitaker, K. E. (2025). RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca' chicago: 'Wang, Bingjie, Anna De Graaff, Rebecca L. Davies, Jenny E. Greene, Joel Leja, Gabriel B. Brammer, Andy D. Goulding, et al. “RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of an Infrared-Luminous, Broad-Line Little Red Dot with an Ionized Outflow.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca.' ieee: 'B. Wang et al., “RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 984, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.' ista: 'Wang B, De Graaff A, Davies RL, Greene JE, Leja J, Brammer GB, Goulding AD, Miller TB, Suess KA, Weibel A, Williams CC, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Cleri NJ, Hirschmann M, Katz H, Labbé I, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Mcconachie I, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Rix HW, Setton DJ, Whitaker KE. 2025. RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow. The Astrophysical Journal. 984(2), 121.' mla: 'Wang, Bingjie, et al. “RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of an Infrared-Luminous, Broad-Line Little Red Dot with an Ionized Outflow.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 984, no. 2, 121, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca.' short: B. Wang, A. De Graaff, R.L. Davies, J.E. Greene, J. Leja, G.B. Brammer, A.D. Goulding, T.B. Miller, K.A. Suess, A. Weibel, C.C. Williams, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, N.J. Cleri, M. Hirschmann, H. Katz, I. Labbé, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, I. Mcconachie, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, H.W. Rix, D.J. Setton, K.E. Whitaker, The Astrophysical Journal 984 (2025). date_created: 2025-05-18T22:02:49Z date_published: 2025-05-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:42:43Z day: '09' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca external_id: arxiv: - '2403.02304' isi: - '001481589300001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1a9ff4516d11808bc6947744473c9fc2 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-05-19T07:08:39Z date_updated: 2025-05-19T07:08:39Z file_id: '19707' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Wang.pdf file_size: 3522072 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-05-19T07:08:39Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc1ca has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 984' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'RUBIES: JWST/NIRSpec confirmation of an infrared-luminous, broad-line Little Red Dot with an ionized outflow' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 984 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19784' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'We present the Red Unknowns: Bright Infrared Extragalactic Survey (RUBIES) providing JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of red sources selected across ∼150 arcmin2 from public JWST/NIRCam imaging in the UDS and EGS fields. The novel observing strategy of RUBIES offers a well-quantified selection function. The survey has been optimised to reach high (>70%) spectroscopic completeness for bright and red (F150W−F444W>2) sources that are very rare. To place these rare sources in context, we simultaneously observed a reference sample of the 23 using only the G395M disperser. The RUBIES data reveal a highly diverse population of red sources that span a broad redshift range (zspec∼1−9), with photometric redshift scatter and an outlier fraction that are three times higher than for similarly bright sources that are less red. This diversity is not apparent from the photometric spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Only spectroscopy reveals that the SEDs encompass a mixture of galaxies with dust-obscured star formation, extreme line emission, a lack of star formation indicating early quenching, and luminous active galactic nuclei. As a first demonstration of our broader selection function we compared the stellar masses and rest-frame U−V colours of the red sources and our reference sample. We find that the red sources are typically more massive (M*∼1010−11.5 M⊙) across all redshifts. However, we also find that the most massive systems span a wide range in U−V colour. We describe our data reduction procedure and data quality, and we publicly release the reduced RUBIES data and vetted spectroscopic redshifts of the first half of the survey through the DAWN JWST Archive.' acknowledgement: 'We thank the CEERS and PRIMER teams for making their imaging data publicly available immediately. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs #1345, #1837 #2234, #2279, #2514, #2750, #3990 and #4233. Support for program #4233 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. REH acknowledges support by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through program 50OR2403 ‘RUBIES’. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project #562. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. Support for this work for RPN was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Open Access funding provided by Max Planck Society.' article_number: A189 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Anna full_name: de Graaff, Anna last_name: de Graaff - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Andrea full_name: Weibel, Andrea last_name: Weibel - first_name: Zach full_name: Lewis, Zach last_name: Lewis - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Nikko J. full_name: Cleri, Nikko J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: Olivia R. full_name: Cooper, Olivia R. last_name: Cooper - first_name: Rashmi full_name: Gottumukkala, Rashmi last_name: Gottumukkala - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Michaela full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: Raphael E. full_name: Hviding, Raphael E. last_name: Hviding - first_name: Harley full_name: Katz, Harley last_name: Katz - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Ian full_name: McConachie, Ian last_name: McConachie - first_name: Tim B. full_name: Miller, Tim B. last_name: Miller - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Sedona H. full_name: Price, Sedona H. last_name: Price - first_name: Hans-Walter full_name: Rix, Hans-Walter last_name: Rix - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Katherine A. full_name: Suess, Katherine A. last_name: Suess - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams citation: ama: 'de Graaff A, Brammer G, Weibel A, et al. RUBIES: A complete census of the bright and red distant universe with JWST/NIRSpec. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;697. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452186' apa: 'de Graaff, A., Brammer, G., Weibel, A., Lewis, Z., Maseda, M. V., Oesch, P. A., … Williams, C. C. (2025). RUBIES: A complete census of the bright and red distant universe with JWST/NIRSpec. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452186' chicago: 'Graaff, Anna de, Gabriel Brammer, Andrea Weibel, Zach Lewis, Michael V. Maseda, Pascal A. Oesch, Rachel Bezanson, et al. “RUBIES: A Complete Census of the Bright and Red Distant Universe with JWST/NIRSpec.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452186.' ieee: 'A. de Graaff et al., “RUBIES: A complete census of the bright and red distant universe with JWST/NIRSpec,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 697. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'de Graaff A, Brammer G, Weibel A, Lewis Z, Maseda MV, Oesch PA, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Cleri NJ, Cooper OR, Gottumukkala R, Greene JE, Hirschmann M, Hviding RE, Katz H, Labbé I, Leja J, Matthee JJ, McConachie I, Miller TB, Naidu RP, Price SH, Rix H-W, Setton DJ, Suess KA, Wang B, Whitaker KE, Williams CC. 2025. RUBIES: A complete census of the bright and red distant universe with JWST/NIRSpec. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 697, A189.' mla: 'de Graaff, Anna, et al. “RUBIES: A Complete Census of the Bright and Red Distant Universe with JWST/NIRSpec.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 697, A189, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452186.' short: A. de Graaff, G. Brammer, A. Weibel, Z. Lewis, M.V. Maseda, P.A. Oesch, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, N.J. Cleri, O.R. Cooper, R. Gottumukkala, J.E. Greene, M. Hirschmann, R.E. Hviding, H. Katz, I. Labbé, J. Leja, J.J. Matthee, I. McConachie, T.B. Miller, R.P. Naidu, S.H. Price, H.-W. Rix, D.J. Setton, K.A. Suess, B. Wang, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, Astronomy & Astrophysics 697 (2025). date_created: 2025-06-03T08:59:52Z date_published: 2025-05-19T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T12:45:25Z day: '19' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452186 external_id: isi: - '001490583400004' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: cccf44629f28535dde91f2ebdf38c054 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-03T09:25:49Z date_updated: 2025-06-03T09:25:49Z file_id: '19788' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_deGraaff.pdf file_size: 6874721 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-03T09:25:49Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452186 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 697' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'RUBIES: A complete census of the bright and red distant universe with JWST/NIRSpec' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 697 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19845' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. The recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is opening new observing windows on the distant Universe. Among JWST’s instruments, the Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) offers the unique capability of imaging observations at wavelengths of λ > 5 μm. This enables unique access to the rest frame near-infrared (NIR, λ ≥ 1 μm) emission from galaxies at redshifts of z > 4 and the visual (λ ≳ 5000 Å) rest frame for z > 9. We report here on the guaranteed time observations (GTO), from the MIRI European Consortium, of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), forming the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS), consisting of an on source integration time of ∼41 hours in the MIRI/F560W (5.6 μm) filter. The F560W filter was selected since it would produce the deepest data in terms of AB magnitudes in a given time. To our knowledge, this constitutes the longest single filter exposure obtained with JWST of an extragalactic field as of yet.\r\nAims. The HUDF is one of the most observed extragalactic fields, with extensive multi-wavelength coverage, where (before JWST) galaxies up to z ∼ 7 have been confirmed, and at z > 10 suggested, from HST photometry. We aim to characterise the galaxy population in HUDF at 5.6 μm, enabling studies such as: the rest frame NIR morphologies for galaxies at z ≲ 4.6, probing mature stellar populations and emission lines in z > 6 sources, intrinsically red and dusty galaxies, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their host galaxies at intermediate redshifts.\r\n\r\nMethods. We reduced the MIRI data using the official JWST pipeline, augmented by in-house custom scripts. We measured the noise characteristics of the resulting image. Galaxy photometry was obtained, and photometric redshifts were estimated for sources with available multi-wavelength photometry (and compared to spectroscopic redshifts when available).\r\n\r\nResults. Over the deepest part of our image, the 5σ point source limit is 28.65 mag AB (12.6 nJy), ∼0.35 mag better than predicted by the JWST exposure time calculator. We find ∼2500 sources, the overwhelming majority of which are distant galaxies, but we note that spurious sources likely remain at faint magnitudes due to imperfect cosmic ray rejection in the JWST pipeline. More than 500 galaxies with available spectroscopic redshifts, up to z ≈ 11, have been identified, the majority of which are at z < 6. More than 1000 galaxies have reliable photometric redshift estimates, of which ∼25 are at 6 < z < 12. The point spread function in the F560W filter has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ≈0.2″ (corresponding to 1.4 kpc at z = 4), allowing the NIR rest frame morphologies and stellar mass distributions to be resolved for z < 4.5. Moreover, > 100 objects with very red NIRCam vs MIRI (3.6–5.6 μm > 1 mag) colours have been found, suggestive of dusty or old stellar populations at high redshifts.\r\n\r\nConclusions. We conclude that MIDIS surpasses preflight expectations and that deep MIRI imaging has great potential to characterise the galaxy population from cosmic noon to dawn." acknowledgement: 'We dedicate this paper to the memory of our deceased and much valued MIRI-EC team members Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen and Olivier Le Fèvre, both of whom played a central role in defining the MIDIS project. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The work presented is the effort of the entire MIRI team and the enthusiasm within the MIRI partnership is a significant factor in its success. The following National and International Funding Agencies funded and supported the MIRI development: NASA; ESA; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO); Centre Nationale d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Danish National Space Centre; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR); Enterprise Ireland; Ministerio De Economia y Competividad; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Science and Technology Facilities Council; Swiss Space Office; Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA); and UK Space Agency. MIRI drew on the scientific and technical expertise of the following organizations: Ames Research Center, USA; Airbus Defence and Space, UK; CEAIrfu, Saclay, France; Centre Spatial de Liège, Belgium; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Spain; Carl Zeiss Optronics, Germany; Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; Danish Space Research Institute, Denmark; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland; European Space Agency, Netherlands; ETCA, Belgium; ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Institute d’Astrophysique Spatiale, France; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial,Spain; Institute for Astronomy, Edinburgh, UK; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), France; Leiden University, Netherlands; Lockheed Advanced Technology Center (USA); NOVA Opt-IR group at Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Northrop Grumman, USA; Max Planck Institut f ür Astronomie (MPIA), Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), France; Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland; Raytheon Vision Systems, USA; RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL Space), UK; Space Telescope Science Institute, USA; Stockholm University, Sweden; Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNOTPD), Netherlands; UK Astronomy Technology Centre, UK; University College London, UK; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; University of Arizona, USA; University of Cardiff, UK; University of Cologne, Germany; University of Ghent; University of Groningen, Netherlands; University of Leicester, UK; University of Leuven, Belgium; Utah State University, USA. Additional acknowledgements related to specific grants: G.Ö., J.M. and A.B. acknowledges funding from the Swedish National Space Administration (SNSA). P.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from grant PID2022-139567NB-I00 funded by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa. This work was supported by research grants (VIL16599,VIL54489) from VILLUM FONDEN. L.C. and J.A.-M. acknowledge support by grant PIB2021-127718NB-100 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. M.A. acknowledges financial support from Comunidad de Madrid under Atracción de Talento grant 2020-T2/TIC-19971. J.P.P. and T.V.T. acknowledge financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, and the UK Space Agency. A.A.-H. acknowledges financial support from grant PID2021-124665NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. E.I. and K.I.C. acknowledge funding from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA). K.I.C. acknowledges funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the award of the Vici Grant VI.C.212.036. RAM acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The paper uses JWST data from programme #1283, obtained from the Barbara Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to the Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.' article_number: A57 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Göran full_name: Östlin, Göran last_name: Östlin - first_name: Pablo G. full_name: Pérez-González, Pablo G. last_name: Pérez-González - first_name: Jens full_name: Melinder, Jens last_name: Melinder - first_name: Steven full_name: Gillman, Steven last_name: Gillman - first_name: Edoardo full_name: Iani, Edoardo id: 4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a last_name: Iani orcid: 0000-0001-8386-3546 - first_name: Luca full_name: Costantin, Luca last_name: Costantin - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Pierluigi full_name: Rinaldi, Pierluigi last_name: Rinaldi - first_name: Luis full_name: Colina, Luis last_name: Colina - first_name: Hans Ulrik full_name: Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik last_name: Nørgaard-Nielsen - first_name: Daniel full_name: Dicken, Daniel last_name: Dicken - first_name: Thomas R. full_name: Greve, Thomas R. last_name: Greve - first_name: Gillian full_name: Wright, Gillian last_name: Wright - first_name: Almudena full_name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena last_name: Alonso-Herrero - first_name: Javier full_name: Álvarez-Márquez, Javier last_name: Álvarez-Márquez - first_name: Marianna full_name: Annunziatella, Marianna last_name: Annunziatella - first_name: Arjan full_name: Bik, Arjan last_name: Bik - first_name: Sarah E.I. full_name: Bosman, Sarah E.I. last_name: Bosman - first_name: Karina I. full_name: Caputi, Karina I. last_name: Caputi - first_name: Alejandro Crespo full_name: Gomez, Alejandro Crespo last_name: Gomez - first_name: Andreas full_name: Eckart, Andreas last_name: Eckart - first_name: Macarena full_name: Garcia-Marin, Macarena last_name: Garcia-Marin - first_name: Jens full_name: Hjorth, Jens last_name: Hjorth - first_name: Olivier full_name: Ilbert, Olivier last_name: Ilbert - first_name: Iris full_name: Jermann, Iris last_name: Jermann - first_name: Sarah full_name: Kendrew, Sarah last_name: Kendrew - first_name: Alvaro full_name: Labiano, Alvaro last_name: Labiano - first_name: Danial full_name: Langeroodi, Danial last_name: Langeroodi - first_name: Olivier full_name: Le Fevre, Olivier last_name: Le Fevre - first_name: Mattia full_name: Libralato, Mattia last_name: Libralato - first_name: Romain A. full_name: Meyer, Romain A. last_name: Meyer - first_name: Thibaud full_name: Moutard, Thibaud last_name: Moutard - first_name: Florian full_name: Peissker, Florian last_name: Peissker - first_name: John P. full_name: Pye, John P. last_name: Pye - first_name: Tuomo V. full_name: Tikkanen, Tuomo V. last_name: Tikkanen - first_name: Martin full_name: Topinka, Martin last_name: Topinka - first_name: Fabian full_name: Walter, Fabian last_name: Walter - first_name: Martin full_name: Ward, Martin last_name: Ward - first_name: Paul full_name: Van Der Werf, Paul last_name: Van Der Werf - first_name: Ewine F. full_name: Van Dishoeck, Ewine F. last_name: Van Dishoeck - first_name: Manuel full_name: Güdel, Manuel last_name: Güdel - first_name: Thomas full_name: Henning, Thomas last_name: Henning - first_name: Pierre Olivier full_name: Lagage, Pierre Olivier last_name: Lagage - first_name: Tom P. full_name: Ray, Tom P. last_name: Ray - first_name: Bart full_name: Vandenbussche, Bart last_name: Vandenbussche citation: ama: 'Östlin G, Pérez-González PG, Melinder J, et al. MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey description and early results for the galaxy population detected at 5.6 µm. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;696. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451723' apa: 'Östlin, G., Pérez-González, P. G., Melinder, J., Gillman, S., Iani, E., Costantin, L., … Vandenbussche, B. (2025). MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey description and early results for the galaxy population detected at 5.6 µm. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451723' chicago: 'Östlin, Göran, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Jens Melinder, Steven Gillman, Edoardo Iani, Luca Costantin, Leindert A. Boogaard, et al. “MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey Description and Early Results for the Galaxy Population Detected at 5.6 Μm.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451723.' ieee: 'G. Östlin et al., “MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey description and early results for the galaxy population detected at 5.6 µm,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 696. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Östlin G, Pérez-González PG, Melinder J, Gillman S, Iani E, Costantin L, Boogaard LA, Rinaldi P, Colina L, Nørgaard-Nielsen HU, Dicken D, Greve TR, Wright G, Alonso-Herrero A, Álvarez-Márquez J, Annunziatella M, Bik A, Bosman SEI, Caputi KI, Gomez AC, Eckart A, Garcia-Marin M, Hjorth J, Ilbert O, Jermann I, Kendrew S, Labiano A, Langeroodi D, Le Fevre O, Libralato M, Meyer RA, Moutard T, Peissker F, Pye JP, Tikkanen TV, Topinka M, Walter F, Ward M, Van Der Werf P, Van Dishoeck EF, Güdel M, Henning T, Lagage PO, Ray TP, Vandenbussche B. 2025. MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey description and early results for the galaxy population detected at 5.6 µm. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 696, A57.' mla: 'Östlin, Göran, et al. “MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey Description and Early Results for the Galaxy Population Detected at 5.6 Μm.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 696, A57, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451723.' short: G. Östlin, P.G. Pérez-González, J. Melinder, S. Gillman, E. Iani, L. Costantin, L.A. Boogaard, P. Rinaldi, L. Colina, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, D. Dicken, T.R. Greve, G. Wright, A. Alonso-Herrero, J. Álvarez-Márquez, M. Annunziatella, A. Bik, S.E.I. Bosman, K.I. Caputi, A.C. Gomez, A. Eckart, M. Garcia-Marin, J. Hjorth, O. Ilbert, I. Jermann, S. Kendrew, A. Labiano, D. Langeroodi, O. Le Fevre, M. Libralato, R.A. Meyer, T. Moutard, F. Peissker, J.P. Pye, T.V. Tikkanen, M. Topinka, F. Walter, M. Ward, P. Van Der Werf, E.F. Van Dishoeck, M. Güdel, T. Henning, P.O. Lagage, T.P. Ray, B. Vandenbussche, Astronomy & Astrophysics 696 (2025). date_created: 2025-06-15T22:01:30Z date_published: 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:10:36Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451723 external_id: arxiv: - '2411.19686 ' isi: - '001459780300005' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 67600eba8bda24987a130ac334f10456 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-23T07:46:01Z date_updated: 2025-06-23T07:46:01Z file_id: '19865' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Oestlin.pdf file_size: 15858045 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-23T07:46:01Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451723 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 696' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey description and early results for the galaxy population detected at 5.6 µm' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 696 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '19855' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present indirect constraints on the absolute escape fraction of ionizing photons (f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC}) of the system GN 42912 which comprises two luminous galaxies (M_{\rm UV} magnitudes of -20.89 and -20.37) at z\sim7.5, GN 42912-NE and GN 42912-SW, to determine their contribution to the ionizing photon budget of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The high-resolution James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec and NIRCam observations reveal the two galaxies are separated by only ~0.1" (0.5 kpc) on the sky and have a 358 km s^{-1} velocity separation. GN 42912-NE and GN 42912-SW are relatively massive for this redshift (log(M_\ast/M_\odot) \sim 8.4 and 8.9, respectively), with gas-phase metallicities of 18 per cent and 23 per cent solar, O_{32} ratios of 5.3 and >5.8, and \beta slopes of -1.92 and -1.51, respectively. We use the Mg II\lambda\lambda2796,2803 doublet to constrain f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC}. Mg II has an ionization potential close to that of neutral hydrogen and, in the optically thin regime, can be used as an indirect tracer of the LyC leakage. We establish realistic conservative upper limits on f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC} of 8.5 per cent for GN 42912-NE and 14 per cent for GN 42912-SW. These estimates align with f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC} trends observed with \beta, O_{32}, and the H\beta equivalent width at z<4. The small inferred ionized region sizes (<0.3 pMpc) around both galaxies indicate they have not ionized a significant fraction of the surrounding neutral gas. While these z>7 f_{\rm esc}^{\rm LyC} constraints do not decisively determine a specific reionization model, they support a minor contribution from these two relatively luminous galaxies to the EoR. acknowledgement: 'This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #01871. Support for program #01871 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–03127. SG is grateful for the support enabled by the Harlan J. Smith McDonald fellowship. YI and NG acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Project 0121U109612). ASL acknowledges support from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: S. full_name: Gazagnes, S. last_name: Gazagnes - first_name: J. full_name: Chisholm, J. last_name: Chisholm - first_name: R. full_name: Endsley, R. last_name: Endsley - first_name: D. A. full_name: Berg, D. A. last_name: Berg - first_name: F. full_name: Leclercq, F. last_name: Leclercq - first_name: N. full_name: Jurlin, N. last_name: Jurlin - first_name: A. full_name: Saldana-Lopez, A. last_name: Saldana-Lopez - first_name: S. L. full_name: Finkelstein, S. L. last_name: Finkelstein - first_name: S. R. full_name: Flury, S. R. last_name: Flury - first_name: N. G. full_name: Guseva, N. G. last_name: Guseva - first_name: A. full_name: Henry, A. last_name: Henry - first_name: Y. I. full_name: Izotov, Y. I. last_name: Izotov - first_name: I. full_name: Jung, I. last_name: Jung - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: D. full_name: Schaerer, D. last_name: Schaerer citation: ama: Gazagnes S, Chisholm J, Endsley R, et al. A negligible contribution of two luminous z ∼7.5 galaxies to the ionizing photon budget of reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;540(3):2331-2348. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf768 apa: Gazagnes, S., Chisholm, J., Endsley, R., Berg, D. A., Leclercq, F., Jurlin, N., … Schaerer, D. (2025). A negligible contribution of two luminous z ∼7.5 galaxies to the ionizing photon budget of reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf768 chicago: Gazagnes, S., J. Chisholm, R. Endsley, D. A. Berg, F. Leclercq, N. Jurlin, A. Saldana-Lopez, et al. “A Negligible Contribution of Two Luminous z ∼7.5 Galaxies to the Ionizing Photon Budget of Reionization.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf768. ieee: S. Gazagnes et al., “A negligible contribution of two luminous z ∼7.5 galaxies to the ionizing photon budget of reionization,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 540, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2331–2348, 2025. ista: Gazagnes S, Chisholm J, Endsley R, Berg DA, Leclercq F, Jurlin N, Saldana-Lopez A, Finkelstein SL, Flury SR, Guseva NG, Henry A, Izotov YI, Jung I, Matthee JJ, Schaerer D. 2025. A negligible contribution of two luminous z ∼7.5 galaxies to the ionizing photon budget of reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 540(3), 2331–2348. mla: Gazagnes, S., et al. “A Negligible Contribution of Two Luminous z ∼7.5 Galaxies to the Ionizing Photon Budget of Reionization.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 540, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 2331–48, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf768. short: S. Gazagnes, J. Chisholm, R. Endsley, D.A. Berg, F. Leclercq, N. Jurlin, A. Saldana-Lopez, S.L. Finkelstein, S.R. Flury, N.G. Guseva, A. Henry, Y.I. Izotov, I. Jung, J.J. Matthee, D. Schaerer, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 540 (2025) 2331–2348. date_created: 2025-06-22T22:02:05Z date_published: 2025-07-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T13:34:20Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf768 external_id: arxiv: - '2410.03337' isi: - '001506103600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: f912c990a0474f1ddf9be6b8a89c7759 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-23T11:02:59Z date_updated: 2025-06-23T11:02:59Z file_id: '19870' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Gazagnes.pdf file_size: 3111567 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-23T11:02:59Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf768 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 540' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2331-2348 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: A negligible contribution of two luminous z ∼7.5 galaxies to the ionizing photon budget of reionization tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 540 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19929' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. The observed Lyman-alpha (Lyα) line profile is a convolution of the complex Lyα radiative transfer taking place in the interstellar, circumgalactic, and intergalactic media (ISM, CGM, and IGM, respectively). Discerning the different components of the Lyα line is crucial in order to use it as a probe of galaxy formation or the evolution of the IGM.\r\n\r\nAims. We aim to present the second version of zELDA (redshift Estimator for Line profiles of Distant Lyman-Alpha emitters), an open-source Python module focused on modelling and fitting observed Lyα line profiles. This new version of zELDA focuses on disentangling the galactic from the IGM effects.\r\n\r\nMethods. We built realistic Lyα line profiles that include the ISM and IGM contributions by combining the Monte Carlo radiative-transfer simulations for the so-called shell model (ISM) and IGM transmission curves generated from TNG100. We used these mock line profiles to train different artificial neural networks. These use the observed spectrum as input and the outflow parameters of the best fitting ‘shell model’ as output along with the redshift and Lyα emission IGM escape fraction of the source.\r\n\r\nResults. We measured the accuracy of zELDA on mock Lyα line profiles. We find that zELDA is capable of reconstructing the ISM emerging Lyα line profile with high levels of accuracy (Kolmogórov-Smirnov<0.1) for 95% of the cases for HST/COS-like observations and 80% for MUSE-WIDE-like observations. zELDA is able to measure the IGM transmission with typical uncertainties below 10% for HST/COS and MUSE-WIDE data.\r\n\r\nConclusions. This work represents a step forward in the high-precision reconstruction of IGM-attenuated Lyα line profiles. zELDA allows the disentanglement of the galactic and IGM contribution shaping the Lyα line shape and thus allows us to use Lyα as a tool to study galaxy and ISM evolution." acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge the financial support from the MICIU with funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU and Generalitat Valenciana in the call Programa de Planes Complementarios de I+D+i (PRTR 2022) Project (VAL-JPAS), reference ASFAE/2022/025. This work is part of the research Project PID2023-149420NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU. This work is also supported by the project of excellence PROMETEO CIPROM/2023/21 of the Conselleria de Educación, Universidades y Empleo (Generalitat Valenciana). MG thanks the Max Planck Society for support through the Max Planck Research Group. DS acknowledges the support by the Tsinghua Shui Mu Scholarship, funding of the National Key R&D Program of China (grant no. 2023YFA1605600), the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with no. CMS-CSST2021-A05, and the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (no. 20223080023). This research made use of matplotlib, a Python library for publication quality graphics (Hunter 2007), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020) and SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020). article_number: A139 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Siddhartha full_name: Gurung-López, Siddhartha last_name: Gurung-López - first_name: Chris full_name: Byrohl, Chris last_name: Byrohl - first_name: Max full_name: Gronke, Max last_name: Gronke - first_name: Daniele full_name: Spinoso, Daniele last_name: Spinoso - first_name: Alberto full_name: Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto id: 018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541 last_name: Torralba Torregrosa orcid: 0000-0001-5586-6950 - first_name: Alberto full_name: Fernández-Soto, Alberto last_name: Fernández-Soto - first_name: Pablo full_name: Arnalte-Mur, Pablo last_name: Arnalte-Mur - first_name: Vicent J. full_name: Martínez, Vicent J. last_name: Martínez citation: ama: 'Gurung-López S, Byrohl C, Gronke M, et al. zELDA II: Reconstruction of galactic Lyman-alpha spectra attenuated by the intergalactic medium using neural networks. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;698. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453547' apa: 'Gurung-López, S., Byrohl, C., Gronke, M., Spinoso, D., Torralba Torregrosa, A., Fernández-Soto, A., … Martínez, V. J. (2025). zELDA II: Reconstruction of galactic Lyman-alpha spectra attenuated by the intergalactic medium using neural networks. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453547' chicago: 'Gurung-López, Siddhartha, Chris Byrohl, Max Gronke, Daniele Spinoso, Alberto Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto Fernández-Soto, Pablo Arnalte-Mur, and Vicent J. Martínez. “ZELDA II: Reconstruction of Galactic Lyman-Alpha Spectra Attenuated by the Intergalactic Medium Using Neural Networks.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453547.' ieee: 'S. Gurung-López et al., “zELDA II: Reconstruction of galactic Lyman-alpha spectra attenuated by the intergalactic medium using neural networks,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Gurung-López S, Byrohl C, Gronke M, Spinoso D, Torralba Torregrosa A, Fernández-Soto A, Arnalte-Mur P, Martínez VJ. 2025. zELDA II: Reconstruction of galactic Lyman-alpha spectra attenuated by the intergalactic medium using neural networks. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 698, A139.' mla: 'Gurung-López, Siddhartha, et al. “ZELDA II: Reconstruction of Galactic Lyman-Alpha Spectra Attenuated by the Intergalactic Medium Using Neural Networks.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698, A139, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453547.' short: S. Gurung-López, C. Byrohl, M. Gronke, D. Spinoso, A. Torralba Torregrosa, A. Fernández-Soto, P. Arnalte-Mur, V.J. Martínez, Astronomy & Astrophysics 698 (2025). date_created: 2025-06-29T22:01:15Z date_published: 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:11:56Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202453547 external_id: arxiv: - '2501.04077' isi: - '001507317300003' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a50a817b72f03534c6a867035b51e433 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-30T08:28:40Z date_updated: 2025-06-30T08:28:40Z file_id: '19933' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_GurungLopez.pdf file_size: 5758102 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-30T08:28:40Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453547 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 698' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'zELDA II: Reconstruction of galactic Lyman-alpha spectra attenuated by the intergalactic medium using neural networks' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 698 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19930' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present an analysis of the UV continuum slope, β, using a sample of 726 galaxies with z > 4, selected from a mixture of JWST ERS, GTO, and GO observational programs. We considered only spectroscopic data obtained with the low-resolution (R ∼ 30 − 300) PRISM/CLEAR NIRSpec configuration. Studying the correlation between β and MUV, we find an overall decreasing trend, described by β = ( − 0.055 ± 0.017)MUV + ( − 2.98 ± 0.34). This is consistent with previous studies, where brighter galaxies show redder β values. However, when analyzing the trend in separate redshift bins, we find that at high redshift the relation becomes much flatter and is consistent with a flat slope within 1σ. Furthermore, we find that β tends to decrease with redshift, following β = ( − 0.075 ± 0.010)z + ( − 1.496 ± 0.056). This is consistent with most recent results showing a steepening of the spectra at higher z. We selected a sample of galaxies with extremely blue slopes (i.e., β < −2.6). Such slopes are steeper than predicted by stellar evolution models – even for dust-free, young, metal-poor populations – when the contribution of nebular emission is included. We selected 44 extremely blue galaxies (XBGs) and investigated the possible physical origin of their steep slopes by comparing them to a subsample of redder galaxies (matched in Δz = ±0.5 and ΔMUV = ±0.2). We find that XBGs have younger stellar populations, stronger ionization fields, lower dust attenuation, and lower but not pristine metallicity (∼10% Z⊙) compared to red galaxies. However, these properties alone cannot explain the extreme β values. Using indirect inference of Lyman continuum escape with the most recent models, we estimated the escape fraction fesc > 10% in at least 25% of the XBGs, whereas all the red sources exhibit much lower fesc values. A reduced nebular continuum contribution – resulting from either a high escape fraction or a bursty star formation history – is likely the origin of the extremely blue slopes. acknowledgement: We acknowledges support from the INAF Large Grant for Extragalactic Surveys with JWST and from the PRIN 2022 MUR project 2022CB3PJ3 – First Light And Galaxy aSsembly (FLAGS) funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU. PS acknowledges INAF Mini Grant 2022 “The evolution of passive galaxies through cosmic time”. Part of the research activities described in this paper were carried out with the contribution of the Next Generation EU funds within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), Mission 4 – Education and Research, Component 2 – From Research to Business (M4C2), Investment Line 3.1 – Strengthening and creation of Research Infrastructures, Project IR0000034 – “STILES – Strengthening the Italian Leadership in ELT and SKA”. RA acknowledges support of Grant project PID2023-147386NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU, and the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103. article_number: A234 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: D. full_name: Dottorini, D. last_name: Dottorini - first_name: A. full_name: Calabrò, A. last_name: Calabrò - first_name: L. full_name: Pentericci, L. last_name: Pentericci - first_name: Sara full_name: Mascia, Sara id: edaf889c-c7cd-11ef-ab1b-bb28c431bd29 last_name: Mascia - first_name: M. full_name: Llerena, M. last_name: Llerena - first_name: L. full_name: Napolitano, L. last_name: Napolitano - first_name: P. full_name: Santini, P. last_name: Santini - first_name: G. full_name: Roberts-Borsani, G. last_name: Roberts-Borsani - first_name: M. full_name: Castellano, M. last_name: Castellano - first_name: R. full_name: Amorin, R. last_name: Amorin - first_name: M. full_name: Dickinson, M. last_name: Dickinson - first_name: A. full_name: Fontana, A. last_name: Fontana - first_name: N. full_name: Hathi, N. last_name: Hathi - first_name: M. full_name: Hirschmann, M. last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: A. M. full_name: Koekemoer, A. M. last_name: Koekemoer - first_name: R. A. full_name: Lucas, R. A. last_name: Lucas - first_name: E. full_name: Merlin, E. last_name: Merlin - first_name: A. full_name: Morales, A. last_name: Morales - first_name: F. full_name: Pacucci, F. last_name: Pacucci - first_name: S. full_name: Wilkins, S. last_name: Wilkins - first_name: P. full_name: Arrabal Haro, P. last_name: Arrabal Haro - first_name: M. full_name: Bagley, M. last_name: Bagley - first_name: S. L. full_name: Finkelstein, S. L. last_name: Finkelstein - first_name: J. full_name: Kartaltepe, J. last_name: Kartaltepe - first_name: C. full_name: Papovich, C. last_name: Papovich - first_name: N. full_name: Pirzkal, N. last_name: Pirzkal citation: ama: 'Dottorini D, Calabrò A, Pentericci L, et al. Evolution of the UV slope of galaxies at cosmic morning (z > 4): The properties of extremely blue galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;698. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453267' apa: 'Dottorini, D., Calabrò, A., Pentericci, L., Mascia, S., Llerena, M., Napolitano, L., … Pirzkal, N. (2025). Evolution of the UV slope of galaxies at cosmic morning (z > 4): The properties of extremely blue galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453267' chicago: 'Dottorini, D., A. Calabrò, L. Pentericci, Sara Mascia, M. Llerena, L. Napolitano, P. Santini, et al. “Evolution of the UV Slope of Galaxies at Cosmic Morning (z > 4): The Properties of Extremely Blue Galaxies.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453267.' ieee: 'D. Dottorini et al., “Evolution of the UV slope of galaxies at cosmic morning (z > 4): The properties of extremely blue galaxies,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Dottorini D, Calabrò A, Pentericci L, Mascia S, Llerena M, Napolitano L, Santini P, Roberts-Borsani G, Castellano M, Amorin R, Dickinson M, Fontana A, Hathi N, Hirschmann M, Koekemoer AM, Lucas RA, Merlin E, Morales A, Pacucci F, Wilkins S, Arrabal Haro P, Bagley M, Finkelstein SL, Kartaltepe J, Papovich C, Pirzkal N. 2025. Evolution of the UV slope of galaxies at cosmic morning (z > 4): The properties of extremely blue galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 698, A234.' mla: 'Dottorini, D., et al. “Evolution of the UV Slope of Galaxies at Cosmic Morning (z > 4): The Properties of Extremely Blue Galaxies.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698, A234, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453267.' short: D. Dottorini, A. Calabrò, L. Pentericci, S. Mascia, M. Llerena, L. Napolitano, P. Santini, G. Roberts-Borsani, M. Castellano, R. Amorin, M. Dickinson, A. Fontana, N. Hathi, M. Hirschmann, A.M. Koekemoer, R.A. Lucas, E. Merlin, A. Morales, F. Pacucci, S. Wilkins, P. Arrabal Haro, M. Bagley, S.L. Finkelstein, J. Kartaltepe, C. Papovich, N. Pirzkal, Astronomy & Astrophysics 698 (2025). date_created: 2025-06-29T22:01:15Z date_published: 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:11:39Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202453267 external_id: arxiv: - '2412.01623' isi: - '001510826300019' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 100f897d468de9d0113277c870035b62 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-30T08:22:08Z date_updated: 2025-06-30T08:22:08Z file_id: '19932' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Dottorini.pdf file_size: 2442076 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-30T08:22:08Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453267 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 698' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Evolution of the UV slope of galaxies at cosmic morning (z > 4): The properties of extremely blue galaxies' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 698 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19931' abstract: - lang: eng text: JWST observations have uncovered a new population of red, compact objects at high redshifts dubbed “little red dots” (LRDs), which typically show broad emission lines and are thought to be dusty active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Some of their other features, however, challenge the AGN explanation, such as prominent Balmer breaks and extremely faint or even missing metal high-ionization lines, X-ray, or radio emission, including in deep stacks. Time variability is another robust test of AGN activity. Here, we exploit the z = 7.045 multiply imaged LRD A2744-QSO1, which offers a particularly unique test of variability due to lensing-induced time delays between the three images spanning 22 yr (2.7 yr in the rest-frame), to investigate its photometric and spectroscopic variability. We find the equivalent widths (EWs) of the broad Hα and Hβ lines, which are independent of magnification and other systematics, to exhibit significant variations, of up to 18 ± 3% for Hα and up to 22 ± 8% in Hβ, on a timescale of 875 d (2.4 yr) in the rest-frame. This suggests that A2744-QSO1 is indeed an AGN. We find no significant photometric variability beyond the limiting systematic uncertainties, so it currently cannot be determined whether the EW variations are due to line-flux or continuum variability. These results are consistent with a typical damped random walk variability model for an AGN such as A2744-QSO1 (MBH = 4 × 107 M⊙) given the sparse sampling of the light curve with the available data. Our results therefore support the AGN interpretation of this LRD, and highlight the need for further photometric and spectroscopic monitoring in order to build a detailed and reliable light curve. acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank Xihan Ji, Hannah Übler, and Roberto Maiolino, for cordial and useful discussions. The BGU lensing group acknowledges support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), and by the Israel Science Foundation Grant No. 864/23. P.D. warmly thanks the European Commission’s and University of Groningen’s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. This work is based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST, namely programs GO-2756, -2561, -2883, -3538, -4111, and -3516, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The spectroscopy products presented herein, from JWST program GO-2561, were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), which is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. The data used in this work may be retrieved from the MAST archive at: http://dx.doi.org/10.17909/p7t7-te67. This work also makes use of the Center for Computational Astrophysics at the Flatiron Institute which is supported by the Simons Foundation. Support for JWST programs GO-2561, -4111, and -3516 was provided by NASA through grants from STScI. This research made use of Astropy, (http://www.astropy.org) a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018) and Photutils, an Astropy package for detection and photometry of astronomical sources (Bradley et al. 2024), as well as the packages NumPy (van der Walt et al. 2011), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), and the MAAT Astronomy and Astrophysics tools for MATLAB (Ofek 2014).' article_number: A227 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Lukas J. full_name: Furtak, Lukas J. last_name: Furtak - first_name: Amy R. full_name: Secunda, Amy R. last_name: Secunda - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Adi full_name: Zitrin, Adi last_name: Zitrin - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Miriam full_name: Golubchik, Miriam last_name: Golubchik - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Vasily full_name: Kokorev, Vasily last_name: Kokorev - first_name: Hakim full_name: Atek, Hakim last_name: Atek - first_name: Gabriel B. full_name: Brammer, Gabriel B. last_name: Brammer - first_name: Iryna full_name: Chemerynska, Iryna last_name: Chemerynska - first_name: Sam E. full_name: Cutler, Sam E. last_name: Cutler - first_name: Pratika full_name: Dayal, Pratika last_name: Dayal - first_name: Robert full_name: Feldmann, Robert last_name: Feldmann - first_name: Seiji full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji last_name: Fujimoto - first_name: Karl full_name: Glazebrook, Karl last_name: Glazebrook - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Yilun full_name: Ma, Yilun last_name: Ma - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Erica J. full_name: Nelson, Erica J. last_name: Nelson - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Richard full_name: Pan, Richard last_name: Pan - first_name: Sedona H. full_name: Price, Sedona H. last_name: Price - first_name: Katherine A. full_name: Suess, Katherine A. last_name: Suess - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: John R. full_name: Weaver, John R. last_name: Weaver - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker citation: ama: Furtak LJ, Secunda AR, Greene JE, et al. Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;698. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554110 apa: Furtak, L. J., Secunda, A. R., Greene, J. E., Zitrin, A., Labbé, I., Golubchik, M., … Whitaker, K. E. (2025). Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554110 chicago: Furtak, Lukas J., Amy R. Secunda, Jenny E. Greene, Adi Zitrin, Ivo Labbé, Miriam Golubchik, Rachel Bezanson, et al. “Investigating Photometric and Spectroscopic Variability in the Multiply Imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554110. ieee: L. J. Furtak et al., “Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698. EDP Sciences, 2025. ista: Furtak LJ, Secunda AR, Greene JE, Zitrin A, Labbé I, Golubchik M, Bezanson R, Kokorev V, Atek H, Brammer GB, Chemerynska I, Cutler SE, Dayal P, Feldmann R, Fujimoto S, Glazebrook K, Leja J, Ma Y, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Nelson EJ, Oesch PA, Pan R, Price SH, Suess KA, Wang B, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE. 2025. Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 698, A227. mla: Furtak, Lukas J., et al. “Investigating Photometric and Spectroscopic Variability in the Multiply Imaged Little Red Dot A2744-QSO1.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698, A227, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554110. short: L.J. Furtak, A.R. Secunda, J.E. Greene, A. Zitrin, I. Labbé, M. Golubchik, R. Bezanson, V. Kokorev, H. Atek, G.B. Brammer, I. Chemerynska, S.E. Cutler, P. Dayal, R. Feldmann, S. Fujimoto, K. Glazebrook, J. Leja, Y. Ma, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, E.J. Nelson, P.A. Oesch, R. Pan, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess, B. Wang, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, Astronomy & Astrophysics 698 (2025). date_created: 2025-06-29T22:01:16Z date_published: 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:11:22Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202554110 external_id: arxiv: - '2502.07875' isi: - '001510826300017' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 567fa02a9791d489355ec75d02bb1cb9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-30T08:44:24Z date_updated: 2025-06-30T08:44:24Z file_id: '19934' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Furtak.pdf file_size: 1835865 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-30T08:44:24Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554110 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 698' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Investigating photometric and spectroscopic variability in the multiply imaged little red dot A2744-QSO1 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 698 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond _id: '19967' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. Investigating the ionizing emission of star-forming galaxies and the escape fraction of ionizing photons is critical to understanding their contribution to reionization and their impact on the surrounding environment. The number of ionizing photons available to reionize the intergalactic medium (IGM) depends on not only the abundance of galaxies but also their efficiency in producing ionizing photons (ξion). This quantity is thus fundamental to quantify the role of faint versus bright sources in driving this process, as we must assess their relative contribution to the total ionizing emissivity.\r\n\r\nAims. Our goal is to estimate the ξion using Balmer lines (Hα or Hβ) in a sample of 761 galaxies at 4 ≤ z ≤ 10 selected from different JWST spectroscopic surveys. We aim to determine the redshift evolution of ξion and the relation of ξion with the physical properties of the galaxies.\r\n\r\nMethods. We used the available HST and JWST photometry to perform a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting in the sample to determine their physical properties and relate them with ξion. We used the BAGPIPES code for the SED fitting and assumed a delayed exponential model for the star formation history. We used the NIRSpec spectra from prism or grating configurations to estimate Balmer luminosities, and then constrained ξion values after dust correction.\r\n\r\nResults. We find a mean value of 1025.22 Hz erg−1 for ξion in the sample with an observed scatter of 0.42 dex. We find an increase in the median values of ξion with redshift from 1025.09 Hz erg−1 at z ∼ 4.18 to 1025.28 Hz erg−1 at z ∼ 7.14, confirming the redshift evolution of ξion found in other studies. Regarding the relation between ξion and physical properties, we find a decrease in ξion with increasing stellar mass, indicating that low-mass galaxies are efficient producers of ionizing photons. We also find an increase in ξion with increasing specific star formation rate (sSFR) and increasing UV absolute magnitude. This indicates that faint galaxies and galaxies with high sSFR are also efficient producers. We also investigated the relation of ξion with the rest-frame equivalent width (EW) of [OIII]λ5007 and find that galaxies with the higher EW([OIII]λ5007) are more efficient producers of ionizing photons, with the best fit leading to the relation log(ξion)  =  0.43 × log(EW[OIII])+23.99. Similarly, we find that galaxies with higher O32 = [OIII]λ5007/[OII]λλ3727,3729 and lower gas-phase metallicities (based on the R23 = ([OIII]λλ4959,5007+[OII]λλ3727,3729)/Hβ calibration) show higher ξion values." acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for the detailed review and useful suggestions that helped to improve this paper. We wish to thank all our colleagues in the CEERS collaboration for their hard work and valuable contributions to this project. We thank Pietro Bergamini for providing us with the magnification factors for the lensed sources. MLl acknowledges support from the INAF Large Grant 2022 “Extragalactic Surveys with JWST” (PI L. Pentericci), the PRIN 2022 MUR project 2022CB3PJ3 – First Light And Galaxy aSsembly (FLAGS) funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU, and INAF Mini-grant “Galaxies in the epoch of Reionization and their analogs at lower redshift” (PI M. Llerena). RA acknowledges support of grant PID2023-147386NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU, and the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The JWST data presented in this article were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed are associated with program JWST-GO-3073 and can be accessed via DOI. We acknowledge support from INAF Mini-grant “Reionization and Fundamental Cosmology with High-Redshift Galaxies”. This work has made extensive use of Python packages astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2018), numpy (Harris et al. 2020), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007) and LiMe (Fernández et al. 2024). article_number: A302 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: M. full_name: Llerena, M. last_name: Llerena - first_name: L. full_name: Pentericci, L. last_name: Pentericci - first_name: L. full_name: Napolitano, L. last_name: Napolitano - first_name: Sara full_name: Mascia, Sara id: edaf889c-c7cd-11ef-ab1b-bb28c431bd29 last_name: Mascia - first_name: R. full_name: Amorín, R. last_name: Amorín - first_name: A. full_name: Calabrò, A. last_name: Calabrò - first_name: M. full_name: Castellano, M. last_name: Castellano - first_name: N. J. full_name: Cleri, N. J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: M. full_name: Giavalisco, M. last_name: Giavalisco - first_name: N. A. full_name: Grogin, N. A. last_name: Grogin - first_name: N. P. full_name: Hathi, N. P. last_name: Hathi - first_name: M. full_name: Hirschmann, M. last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: A. M. full_name: Koekemoer, A. M. last_name: Koekemoer - first_name: T. full_name: Nanayakkara, T. last_name: Nanayakkara - first_name: F. full_name: Pacucci, F. last_name: Pacucci - first_name: L. full_name: Shen, L. last_name: Shen - first_name: S. M. full_name: Wilkins, S. M. last_name: Wilkins - first_name: I. full_name: Yoon, I. last_name: Yoon - first_name: L. Y.A. full_name: Yung, L. Y.A. last_name: Yung - first_name: R. full_name: Bhatawdekar, R. last_name: Bhatawdekar - first_name: R. A. full_name: Lucas, R. A. last_name: Lucas - first_name: X. full_name: Wang, X. last_name: Wang - first_name: P. full_name: Arrabal Haro, P. last_name: Arrabal Haro - first_name: M. B. full_name: Bagley, M. B. last_name: Bagley - first_name: S. L. full_name: Finkelstein, S. L. last_name: Finkelstein - first_name: J. S. full_name: Kartaltepe, J. S. last_name: Kartaltepe - first_name: E. full_name: Merlin, E. last_name: Merlin - first_name: C. full_name: Papovich, C. last_name: Papovich - first_name: N. full_name: Pirzkal, N. last_name: Pirzkal - first_name: P. full_name: Santini, P. last_name: Santini citation: ama: Llerena M, Pentericci L, Napolitano L, et al. The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 4–10. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;698. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453251 apa: Llerena, M., Pentericci, L., Napolitano, L., Mascia, S., Amorín, R., Calabrò, A., … Santini, P. (2025). The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 4–10. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453251 chicago: Llerena, M., L. Pentericci, L. Napolitano, Sara Mascia, R. Amorín, A. Calabrò, M. Castellano, et al. “The Ionizing Photon Production Efficiency of Star-Forming Galaxies at z ∼ 4–10.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453251. ieee: M. Llerena et al., “The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 4–10,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698. EDP Sciences, 2025. ista: Llerena M, Pentericci L, Napolitano L, Mascia S, Amorín R, Calabrò A, Castellano M, Cleri NJ, Giavalisco M, Grogin NA, Hathi NP, Hirschmann M, Koekemoer AM, Nanayakkara T, Pacucci F, Shen L, Wilkins SM, Yoon I, Yung LYA, Bhatawdekar R, Lucas RA, Wang X, Arrabal Haro P, Bagley MB, Finkelstein SL, Kartaltepe JS, Merlin E, Papovich C, Pirzkal N, Santini P. 2025. The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 4–10. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 698, A302. mla: Llerena, M., et al. “The Ionizing Photon Production Efficiency of Star-Forming Galaxies at z ∼ 4–10.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 698, A302, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453251. short: M. Llerena, L. Pentericci, L. Napolitano, S. Mascia, R. Amorín, A. Calabrò, M. Castellano, N.J. Cleri, M. Giavalisco, N.A. Grogin, N.P. Hathi, M. Hirschmann, A.M. Koekemoer, T. Nanayakkara, F. Pacucci, L. Shen, S.M. Wilkins, I. Yoon, L.Y.A. Yung, R. Bhatawdekar, R.A. Lucas, X. Wang, P. Arrabal Haro, M.B. Bagley, S.L. Finkelstein, J.S. Kartaltepe, E. Merlin, C. Papovich, N. Pirzkal, P. Santini, Astronomy & Astrophysics 698 (2025). date_created: 2025-07-06T22:01:23Z date_published: 2025-06-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:12:15Z day: '20' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202453251 external_id: arxiv: - '2412.01358' isi: - '001512479700026' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 92745034d9448d38b6b0394407ae39a0 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-08T06:17:02Z date_updated: 2025-07-08T06:17:02Z file_id: '19974' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Llerena.pdf file_size: 7557993 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-08T06:17:02Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453251 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 698' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 4–10 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 698 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20027' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We present the first results of the JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS). Utilizing the first NIRCam narrow-band imaging at 4.7 μm, over 63 arcmin2 in the PRIMER/COSMOS field, we have identified 609 emission line galaxy candidates. From these, we robustly selected 35 H α star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 6.1, with H α star-formation rates (SFRH α) of ∼ 0.9 − 15 M yr−1.\r\nCombining our unique H α sample with the exquisite panchromatic data in the field, we explored their physical properties and star-formation histories, and compared these to a broad-band selected sample at z ∼ 6 which has offered vital new insights into the nature of high-redshift galaxies. UV-continuum slopes (β) were considerably redder for our H α sample (\x04β\x05 ∼ −1.92)\r\ncompared to the broad-band sample (\x04β\x05 ∼ −2.35). This was not due to dust attenuation as our H α sample was relatively dustpoor (median AV = 0.23); instead, we argue that the reddened slopes could be due to nebular continuum. We compared SFRH α and the UV-continuum-derived SFRUV to SED-fitted measurements averaged over canonical time-scales of 10 and 100 Myr (SFR10 and SFR100). We found an increase in recent SFR for our sample of H α emitters, particularly at lower stellar masses (< 109 M). We also found that SFRH α strongly traces SFR averaged over 10 Myr time-scales, whereas the UV-continuum overpredicts SFR on 100 Myr time-scales at low stellar masses. These results point to our H α sample undergoing ‘bursty’ star\r\nformation. Our F356W z ∼ 6 sample showed a larger scatter in SFR10/SFR100 across all stellar masses, which has highlighted how narrow-band photometric selections of H α emitters are key to quantifying the burstiness of star-formation activity. " acknowledgement: "The authors would like to thank Adam Carnall and Joel Leja for their helpful advice with the SED fitting of our sample, Callum Donnan for his advice on the selection techniques of high-redshift\r\ngalaxies, Alice Shapley for discussion around H α SFR calibrations at high-redshift, Fred Jennings for providing insight into the interpretation of SFR ratios, and the anonymous referee for their helpful comments – all of which have greatly improved this paper. Several other authors acknowledge the support of the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) via grants ST/W507441/1 (CAP), ST/V000594/1 (DJM, PNB, RK, and RJM), ST/Y000951/1 (PNB and RK) and ST/X001075/1 (AMS and IRS), and through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (KJD; grant number ST/W003120/1). RKC was funded by support for programme #02321, provided by\r\nNASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-03127. RKC and CLH are both grateful for support from the Leverhulme Trust via a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship, and CLH also acknowledges support from the Oxford Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys which is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family\r\nCharitable Foundation. JSD acknowledges the support of the Royal Society via a Royal Society Research Professorship. EI gratefully acknowledge financialsupport from ANID–MILENIO–NCN2024 112 and ANID FONDECYT Regular 1221846. LOF acknowledges by ANID BECAS/DOCTORADO NACIONAL 21220499." article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: C. A. full_name: Pirie, C. A. last_name: Pirie - first_name: P. N. full_name: Best, P. N. last_name: Best - first_name: K. J. full_name: Duncan, K. J. last_name: Duncan - first_name: D. J. full_name: Mcleod, D. J. last_name: Mcleod - first_name: R. K. full_name: Cochrane, R. K. last_name: Cochrane - first_name: M. full_name: Clausen, M. last_name: Clausen - first_name: J. S. full_name: Dunlop, J. S. last_name: Dunlop - first_name: S. R. full_name: Flury, S. R. last_name: Flury - first_name: J. E. full_name: Geach, J. E. last_name: Geach - first_name: C. L. full_name: Hale, C. L. last_name: Hale - first_name: E. full_name: Ibar, E. last_name: Ibar - first_name: R. full_name: Kondapally, R. last_name: Kondapally - first_name: Zefeng full_name: Li, Zefeng last_name: Li - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: R. J. full_name: Mclure, R. J. last_name: Mclure - first_name: L. full_name: Ossa-Fuentes, L. last_name: Ossa-Fuentes - first_name: A. L. full_name: Patrick, A. L. last_name: Patrick - first_name: Ian full_name: Smail, Ian last_name: Smail - first_name: D. full_name: Sobral, D. last_name: Sobral - first_name: H. M.O. full_name: Stephenson, H. M.O. last_name: Stephenson - first_name: J. P. full_name: Stott, J. P. last_name: Stott - first_name: A. M. full_name: Swinbank, A. M. last_name: Swinbank citation: ama: 'Pirie CA, Best PN, Duncan KJ, et al. The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;541(2):1348-1376. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1006' apa: 'Pirie, C. A., Best, P. N., Duncan, K. J., Mcleod, D. J., Cochrane, R. K., Clausen, M., … Swinbank, A. M. (2025). The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1006' chicago: 'Pirie, C. A., P. N. Best, K. J. Duncan, D. J. Mcleod, R. K. Cochrane, M. Clausen, J. S. Dunlop, et al. “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An Untargeted Search for H α Emission Line Galaxies at z > 6 and Their Physical Properties.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1006.' ieee: 'C. A. Pirie et al., “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1348–1376, 2025.' ista: 'Pirie CA, Best PN, Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Cochrane RK, Clausen M, Dunlop JS, Flury SR, Geach JE, Hale CL, Ibar E, Kondapally R, Li Z, Matthee JJ, Mclure RJ, Ossa-Fuentes L, Patrick AL, Smail I, Sobral D, Stephenson HMO, Stott JP, Swinbank AM. 2025. The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 541(2), 1348–1376.' mla: 'Pirie, C. A., et al. “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An Untargeted Search for H α Emission Line Galaxies at z > 6 and Their Physical Properties.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 1348–76, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1006.' short: C.A. Pirie, P.N. Best, K.J. Duncan, D.J. Mcleod, R.K. Cochrane, M. Clausen, J.S. Dunlop, S.R. Flury, J.E. Geach, C.L. Hale, E. Ibar, R. Kondapally, Z. Li, J.J. Matthee, R.J. Mclure, L. Ossa-Fuentes, A.L. Patrick, I. Smail, D. Sobral, H.M.O. Stephenson, J.P. Stott, A.M. Swinbank, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 541 (2025) 1348–1376. date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:00Z date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:03:40Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1006 external_id: arxiv: - '2410.11808' isi: - '001527095600001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: f8708c78016f8917765026502c6b50b6 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-22T07:19:20Z date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:19:20Z file_id: '20064' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Pirie.pdf file_size: 38102038 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:19:20Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1006 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 541' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1348-1376 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): An untargeted search for H α emission line galaxies at z > 6 and their physical properties' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 541 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20028' abstract: - lang: eng text: We present the JWST Emission-Line Survey (JELS), a JWST imaging programme exploiting the wavelength coverage and sensitivity of the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) to extend narrow-band rest-optical emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) for the first time, and to enable unique studies of the resolved ionized gas morphology in individual galaxies across cosmic history. The primary JELS observations comprise ∼ 4.7 μm narrow-band imaging over ∼ 63 arcmin2 designed to enable selection of H α emitters at z ∼ 6.1 and a host of novel emission-line samples, including [O III] (z ∼ 8.3) and Paschen α/β (z ∼ 1.5/2.8). For the F466N/F470N narrow-band observations, the emission-line sensitivities achieved are up to ∼ 2× more sensitive than current slitless spectroscopy surveys (5σ limits of 0.8–1.2×10−18 erg s−1cm−2), corresponding to unobscured H α star formation rates (SFRs) of 0.9–1.3 M yr−1 at z ∼ 6.1, extending emission-line selections in the EoR to fainter populations. Simultaneously, JELS also adds F200W broad-band and F212N narrow-band imaging (H α at z ∼ 2.23) that probes SFRs 5× fainter than previous ground-based narrow-band studies (∼ 0.2 M yr−1), offering an unprecedented resolved view of star formation at cosmic noon. We present the detailed JELS design, key data processing steps specific to the survey observations, and demonstrate the exceptional data quality and imaging sensitivity achieved. We then summarize the key scientific goals of JELS, demonstrate the precision and accuracy of the expected redshift and measured emission-line recovery through detailed simulations, and present examples of spectroscopically confirmed H α and [O III] emitters discovered by JELS that illustrate the novel parameter space probed. acknowledgement: "We thank the anonymous referee for their helpful and constructive feedback that hassignificantly improved this manuscript. The authors also thank DavidCoulter and ArminRestfor allowing the inclusion of JELS targets in their director’s discretionary observing programme. KJD acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant number ST/W003120/1). DJM, PNB, RK, and RJM acknowledge the support of the UK STFC via grant ST/V000594/1. PNB and RK are grateful for support from the UK STFC via grant ST/Y000951/1. RKC was funded by support for programme #02321, provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute,\r\nwhich is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-03127. RKC is grateful for support from the Leverhulme Trust via the Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship.JSD acknowledgesthe support of the Royal Society via a Royal Society Research Professorship. CLH acknowledges support from the Leverhulme Trust through an Early Career Research Fellowship and also acknowledge support from the Oxford\r\nHintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys which is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. EI gratefully acknowledge financial support from ANID –MILENIO – NCN2024 112 and ANID FONDECYT Regular 1221846. AMS and IRS acknowledge support from the STFC via grant ST/X001075/1.This work was initiated in part at Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant PHY-2210452." article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: K. J. full_name: Duncan, K. J. last_name: Duncan - first_name: D. J. full_name: Mcleod, D. J. last_name: Mcleod - first_name: P. N. full_name: Best, P. N. last_name: Best - first_name: C. A. full_name: Pirie, C. A. last_name: Pirie - first_name: M. full_name: Clausen, M. last_name: Clausen - first_name: R. K. full_name: Cochrane, R. K. last_name: Cochrane - first_name: J. S. full_name: Dunlop, J. S. last_name: Dunlop - first_name: S. R. full_name: Flury, S. R. last_name: Flury - first_name: J. E. full_name: Geach, J. E. last_name: Geach - first_name: N. A. full_name: Grogin, N. A. last_name: Grogin - first_name: C. L. full_name: Hale, C. L. last_name: Hale - first_name: E. full_name: Ibar, E. last_name: Ibar - first_name: R. full_name: Kondapally, R. last_name: Kondapally - first_name: Zefeng full_name: Li, Zefeng last_name: Li - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: R. J. full_name: Mclure, R. J. last_name: Mclure - first_name: Luis full_name: Ossa-Fuentes, Luis last_name: Ossa-Fuentes - first_name: A. L. full_name: Patrick, A. L. last_name: Patrick - first_name: Ian full_name: Smail, Ian last_name: Smail - first_name: D. full_name: Sobral, D. last_name: Sobral - first_name: H. M.O. full_name: Stephenson, H. M.O. last_name: Stephenson - first_name: J. P. full_name: Stott, J. P. last_name: Stott - first_name: A. M. full_name: Swinbank, A. M. last_name: Swinbank citation: ama: 'Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Best PN, et al. The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;541(2):1329-1347. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1061' apa: 'Duncan, K. J., Mcleod, D. J., Best, P. N., Pirie, C. A., Clausen, M., Cochrane, R. K., … Swinbank, A. M. (2025). The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1061' chicago: 'Duncan, K. J., D. J. Mcleod, P. N. Best, C. A. Pirie, M. Clausen, R. K. Cochrane, J. S. Dunlop, et al. “The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending Rest-Optical Narrow-Band Emission-Line Selection into the Epoch of Reionization.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1061.' ieee: 'K. J. Duncan et al., “The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1329–1347, 2025.' ista: 'Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Best PN, Pirie CA, Clausen M, Cochrane RK, Dunlop JS, Flury SR, Geach JE, Grogin NA, Hale CL, Ibar E, Kondapally R, Li Z, Matthee JJ, Mclure RJ, Ossa-Fuentes L, Patrick AL, Smail I, Sobral D, Stephenson HMO, Stott JP, Swinbank AM. 2025. The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 541(2), 1329–1347.' mla: 'Duncan, K. J., et al. “The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending Rest-Optical Narrow-Band Emission-Line Selection into the Epoch of Reionization.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 541, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 1329–47, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1061.' short: K.J. Duncan, D.J. Mcleod, P.N. Best, C.A. Pirie, M. Clausen, R.K. Cochrane, J.S. Dunlop, S.R. Flury, J.E. Geach, N.A. Grogin, C.L. Hale, E. Ibar, R. Kondapally, Z. Li, J.J. Matthee, R.J. Mclure, L. Ossa-Fuentes, A.L. Patrick, I. Smail, D. Sobral, H.M.O. Stephenson, J.P. Stott, A.M. Swinbank, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 541 (2025) 1329–1347. date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:00Z date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:03:01Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1061 external_id: arxiv: - '2410.09000' isi: - '001527085900001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: abedbbce98d448f374dc922dad9133fc content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-22T07:02:02Z date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:02:02Z file_id: '20063' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Duncan.pdf file_size: 4451937 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T07:02:02Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1061 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 541' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1329-1347 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'The JWST Emission-Line Survey: Extending rest-optical narrow-band emission-line selection into the Epoch of Reionization' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 541 year: '2025' ...