--- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20030' abstract: - lang: eng text: We report the discovery of a Lyα emitter (LAE) candidate in the immediate foreground of the quasar PSO J158-14 at zQSO = 6.0685 at a projected distance ∼29 pkpc that is associated with an extremely metal-poor absorption system. This system was found in archival observations of the quasar field with the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and was previously missed in searches of absorption systems using quasar absorption line spectroscopy, as it imparts no detectable metal absorption lines on the background quasar spectrum. The detected Lyα emission line at a redshift of zLAE = 6.0323 is well aligned with the outer edge of the quasar’s proximity zone and can plausibly cause its observed damping wing if it is associated with a proximate subdamped Lyα absorption system with a column density of log Nhi/cm^-2 19.7. A >10 hr medium-resolution spectrum of the quasar observed with the Magellan/Folded-port InfraRed Echellette (FIRE) and VLT/X-Shooter spectrographs reveals a metallicity constraint of [Z/H] < −3. Such low metallicity makes this system an extremely metal-poor galaxy candidate and provides an exciting site to study possible signatures of Population III stars. acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for the feedback and suggestions that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. We would like to thank Carlos Contreras, Matías Díaz, Carla Fuentes, Mauricio Martínez, Alberto Pastén, Roger Leiton, Hugo Rivera, and Gabriel Prieto for their help and support during the Magellan/FIRE observations. We would also like to thank Rongmon Bordoloi for helpful discussions. R.A.M. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. This Letter includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.\r\nBased on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programs 106.215A and 096.A-0418.\r\n\r\nThe HST data presented in this Letter were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The observations analyzed in this work can be accessed via doi:10.17909/gxmz-zd87." article_number: L33 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Dominika full_name: Ďurovčíková, Dominika last_name: Ďurovčíková - first_name: Anna Christina full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina last_name: Eilers - first_name: Robert A. full_name: Simcoe, Robert A. last_name: Simcoe - first_name: Louise full_name: Welsh, Louise last_name: Welsh - first_name: Romain A. full_name: Meyer, Romain A. last_name: Meyer - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Emma V. full_name: Ryan-Weber, Emma V. last_name: Ryan-Weber - first_name: Minghao full_name: Yue, Minghao last_name: Yue - first_name: Harley full_name: Katz, Harley last_name: Katz - first_name: Sindhu full_name: Satyavolu, Sindhu last_name: Satyavolu - first_name: George full_name: Becker, George last_name: Becker - first_name: Frederick B. full_name: Davies, Frederick B. last_name: Davies - first_name: Emanuele Paolo full_name: Farina, Emanuele Paolo last_name: Farina citation: ama: Ďurovčíková D, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, et al. An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;987(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c apa: Ďurovčíková, D., Eilers, A. C., Simcoe, R. A., Welsh, L., Meyer, R. A., Matthee, J. J., … Farina, E. P. (2025). An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c chicago: Ďurovčíková, Dominika, Anna Christina Eilers, Robert A. Simcoe, Louise Welsh, Romain A. Meyer, Jorryt J Matthee, Emma V. Ryan-Weber, et al. “An Extremely Metal-Poor Lyα Emitter Candidate at z = 6 Revealed through Absorption Spectroscopy.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c. ieee: D. Ďurovčíková et al., “An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 987, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025. ista: Ďurovčíková D, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, Welsh L, Meyer RA, Matthee JJ, Ryan-Weber EV, Yue M, Katz H, Satyavolu S, Becker G, Davies FB, Farina EP. 2025. An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 987(2), L33. mla: Ďurovčíková, Dominika, et al. “An Extremely Metal-Poor Lyα Emitter Candidate at z = 6 Revealed through Absorption Spectroscopy.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 987, no. 2, L33, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c. short: D. Ďurovčíková, A.C. Eilers, R.A. Simcoe, L. Welsh, R.A. Meyer, J.J. Matthee, E.V. Ryan-Weber, M. Yue, H. Katz, S. Satyavolu, G. Becker, F.B. Davies, E.P. Farina, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 987 (2025). date_created: 2025-07-20T22:02:01Z date_published: 2025-07-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:23Z day: '10' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c external_id: arxiv: - '2505.01499' isi: - '001524847100001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 75d0c08514209fc6e3078fdec8e815a2 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z file_id: '20066' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJourLetters_Durovcikova.pdf file_size: 6453728 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-22T08:38:14Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ade71c has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 987' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 2041-8213 issn: - 2041-8205 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: An extremely metal-poor Lyα emitter candidate at z = 6 revealed through absorption spectroscopy tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 987 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20192' abstract: - lang: eng text: We study the physical origin and spectroscopic impact of extreme nebular emission in high-redshift galaxies. The nebular continuum, which can appear during an extreme starburst, is of particular importance as it tends to redden UV slopes and has a significant contribution to the UV luminosities of galaxies. Furthermore, its shape can be used to infer the gas density and temperature of the interstellar medium. First, we provide a theoretical background, showing how different stellar populations (SPS models, initial mass functions (IMFs), and stellar temperatures) and nebular conditions impact observed galaxy spectra. We demonstrate that, for systems with strong nebular continuum emission, 1) UV fluxes can increase by up to 0.7~mag (or more in the case of hot/massive stars) above the stellar continuum, which may help reconcile the surprising abundance of bright high-redshift galaxies and the elevated UV luminosity density at z>10, 2) at high gas densities, UV slopes can redden from \beta<-2.5 to \beta\sim-1, 3) observational measurements of \xi_{\rm ion} are gross underestimates, and 4) UV downturns from two-photon emission can masquerade as damped Ly\alpha systems. Second, we present a dataset of 58 galaxies observed with NIRSpec on JWST at 2.510 galaxies, finding that UV slopes and UV downturns are in some cases redder or steeper than expected from SPS models, which may hint at more exotic (e.g. hotter/more massive stars or AGN) ionizing sources. acknowledgement: 'HK thanks Andrey Kravtsov for insightful comments and thoughtful discussions. We sincerely thank the PIs and Co-Is of the JWST programs where spectral data was made publicly available on the DJA. We refer interested readers to the following papers for survey descriptions regarding the spectral data: Bunker et al. (2023a); D’Eugenio et al. (2024); Bezanson et al. (2022); Barrufet et al. (2024); de Graaff et al. (2024); Finkelstein et al. (2024); Glazebrook et al. (2024); Pierel et al. (2024); Siebert et al. (2024); Maseda et al. (2024). This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs listed in Table 1. AJC and AS acknowledge funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 789056). ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Harley full_name: Katz, Harley last_name: Katz - first_name: Alex J. full_name: Cameron, Alex J. last_name: Cameron - first_name: Aayush full_name: Saxena, Aayush last_name: Saxena - first_name: Laia full_name: Barrufet, Laia last_name: Barrufet - first_name: Nicholas full_name: Choustikov, Nicholas last_name: Choustikov - first_name: Nikko J. full_name: Cleri, Nikko J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: Anna full_name: De Graaff, Anna last_name: De Graaff - first_name: Richard S. full_name: Ellis, Richard S. last_name: Ellis - first_name: Robert A.E. full_name: Fosbury, Robert A.E. last_name: Fosbury - first_name: Kasper E. full_name: Heintz, Kasper E. last_name: Heintz - first_name: Michael full_name: Maseda, Michael last_name: Maseda - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Ian full_name: Mcconachie, Ian last_name: Mcconachie - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch citation: ama: 'Katz H, Cameron AJ, Saxena A, et al. 21 Balmer Jump Street: The nebular continuum at high redshift and implications for the bright galaxy problem, UV continuum slopes, and early stellar populations. The Open Journal of Astrophysics. 2025;8. doi:10.33232/001c.142570' apa: 'Katz, H., Cameron, A. J., Saxena, A., Barrufet, L., Choustikov, N., Cleri, N. J., … Oesch, P. A. (2025). 21 Balmer Jump Street: The nebular continuum at high redshift and implications for the bright galaxy problem, UV continuum slopes, and early stellar populations. The Open Journal of Astrophysics. Maynooth Academic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.142570' chicago: 'Katz, Harley, Alex J. Cameron, Aayush Saxena, Laia Barrufet, Nicholas Choustikov, Nikko J. Cleri, Anna De Graaff, et al. “21 Balmer Jump Street: The Nebular Continuum at High Redshift and Implications for the Bright Galaxy Problem, UV Continuum Slopes, and Early Stellar Populations.” The Open Journal of Astrophysics. Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.142570.' ieee: 'H. Katz et al., “21 Balmer Jump Street: The nebular continuum at high redshift and implications for the bright galaxy problem, UV continuum slopes, and early stellar populations,” The Open Journal of Astrophysics, vol. 8. Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2025.' ista: 'Katz H, Cameron AJ, Saxena A, Barrufet L, Choustikov N, Cleri NJ, De Graaff A, Ellis RS, Fosbury RAE, Heintz KE, Maseda M, Matthee JJ, Mcconachie I, Oesch PA. 2025. 21 Balmer Jump Street: The nebular continuum at high redshift and implications for the bright galaxy problem, UV continuum slopes, and early stellar populations. The Open Journal of Astrophysics. 8.' mla: 'Katz, Harley, et al. “21 Balmer Jump Street: The Nebular Continuum at High Redshift and Implications for the Bright Galaxy Problem, UV Continuum Slopes, and Early Stellar Populations.” The Open Journal of Astrophysics, vol. 8, Maynooth Academic Publishing, 2025, doi:10.33232/001c.142570.' short: H. Katz, A.J. Cameron, A. Saxena, L. Barrufet, N. Choustikov, N.J. Cleri, A. De Graaff, R.S. Ellis, R.A.E. Fosbury, K.E. Heintz, M. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, I. Mcconachie, P.A. Oesch, The Open Journal of Astrophysics 8 (2025). date_created: 2025-08-17T22:01:37Z date_published: 2025-07-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:29:33Z day: '25' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.33232/001c.142570 external_id: arxiv: - '2408.03189' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: ba469d132907147f9e86d87f9124dd14 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-30T14:28:25Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:28:25Z file_id: '20412' file_name: 2025_OpenJourAstrophysics_Katz.pdf file_size: 1836432 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:28:25Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.142570 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 8' language: - iso: eng month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Open Journal of Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 2565-6120 publication_status: published publisher: Maynooth Academic Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: '21 Balmer Jump Street: The nebular continuum at high redshift and implications for the bright galaxy problem, UV continuum slopes, and early stellar populations' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 8 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20217' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We present Virgil, a Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) extremely red object detected with the F1000W filter as part of the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Virgil is an Lyα emitter (LAE) at zspec = 6.6312 ± 0.0019 (from the Very Large Telescope/MUSE) with a rest-frame UV-to-optical spectral energy distribution (SED) typical of LAEs at similar redshifts. However, MIRI observations reveal an unexpected extremely red color at rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, F444W − F1000W = 2.33 ± 0.06. Such a steep\r\nrise in the NIR, completely missed without MIRI imaging, is poorly reproduced by models including only stellar populations and hints toward the presence of an active galactic nucleus, although alternative explanations such as extreme dust obscuration and strong nebular continuum and emission lines contribution due to young stellar ages cannot be completely ruled out. According to the shape of its overall SED, Virgil belongs to the recently discovered\r\npopulation of little red dots but displays an extended rest-frame UV-optical wavelength morphology following a 2DSérsic profile with an average index of n = 0.93+0.85_0.31 and re = 0.49+0.05_0.11 pkpc. Only at MIRI wavelengths, Virgil is unresolved due to the coarser point-spread function. This discovery demonstrates the crucial importance of deep MIRI surveys to reveal the true nature and properties of high-z galaxies that otherwise would be misinterpreted and raises the question of how common Virgil-like objects could be in the early Universe." acknowledgement: "The authors thank R. Cooper, G. Yang, V. Kokorev, D. Wen, C. Williams, and H. Übler for useful discussions and comments.\r\nE.I. and K.I.C. acknowledge funding from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA). K.I.C. acknowledges funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the award of the Vici grant VI.C.212.036. A.A.-H. acknowledges support from grant PID2021-124665NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.” P.G.P.-G. acknowledges support from grant PID2022-139567NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa. J.A.-M., A.C.-G., and L.C. acknowledge support by grant PIB2021-127718NB-100 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.” L.C. thanks the support from the Cosmic Dawn Center received during visits to DAWN as an international associate. L.C. acknowledges support by grants PIB2021-127718NB-100 and PID2022-139567NB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.” T.R.G. acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation (grant No. CF20-0534). S.G. acknowledges financial support from the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant No. 140. This work was supported by research grants (VIL16599, VIL54489) from VILLUM FONDEN. J.P.P. and T.V.T. acknowledge financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency.\r\n\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the MAST at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs GO #1963, GO #1895, and GTO #1283. The authors acknowledge the team led by co-PIs: C. Williams, M. Maseda, and S. Tacchella, and PI P. Oesch, for developing their respective observing programs with a zero-exclusive-access period. Also based on observations made with the NASA/ESA HST obtained from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The work presented here is the effort of the entire MIRI team, and the enthusiasm within the MIRI partnership is a significant factor in its success. MIRI draws on the scientific and technical expertise of the following organizations: Ames Research Center, USA; Airbus Defence and Space, UK; CEA-Irfu, Saclay, France; Centre Spatial de Liège, Belgium; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain; Carl Zeiss Optronics, Germany; Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; Danish Space Research Institute, Denmark; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland; European Space Agency, Netherlands; ETCA, Belgium; ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Institute d’Astrophysique Spatiale, France; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Spain; Institute for Astronomy, Edinburgh, UK; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA; Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), France; Leiden University, Netherlands; Lockheed Advanced Technology Center (USA); NOVA Opt-IR group at Dwingeloo, Netherlands; Northrop Grumman, USA; Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), France; Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland; Raytheon Vision Systems, USA; RUAG Aerospace, Switzerland; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL Space), UK; Space Telescope Science Institute, USA; Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO-TPD), Netherlands; UK Astronomy Technology Centre, UK; University College London, UK; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; University of Arizona, USA; University of Cardiff, UK; University of Cologne, Germany; University of Ghent; University of Groningen, Netherlands; University of Leicester, UK; University of Leuven, Belgium; University of Stockholm, Sweden; Utah State University, USA.\r\nFor the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to the Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission." article_number: '160' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Edoardo full_name: Iani, Edoardo id: 4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a last_name: Iani orcid: 0000-0001-8386-3546 - first_name: Pierluigi full_name: Rinaldi, Pierluigi last_name: Rinaldi - first_name: Karina I. full_name: Caputi, Karina I. last_name: Caputi - first_name: Marianna full_name: Annunziatella, Marianna last_name: Annunziatella - first_name: Danial full_name: Langeroodi, Danial last_name: Langeroodi - first_name: Jens full_name: Melinder, Jens last_name: Melinder - first_name: Pablo G. full_name: Pérez-González, Pablo G. last_name: Pérez-González - first_name: Javier full_name: Álvarez-Márquez, Javier last_name: Álvarez-Márquez - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Sarah E.I. full_name: Bosman, Sarah E.I. last_name: Bosman - first_name: Luca full_name: Costantin, Luca last_name: Costantin - first_name: Thibaud full_name: Moutard, Thibaud last_name: Moutard - first_name: Luis full_name: Colina, Luis last_name: Colina - first_name: Göran full_name: Östlin, Göran last_name: Östlin - first_name: Thomas R. full_name: Greve, Thomas R. last_name: Greve - first_name: Gillian full_name: Wright, Gillian last_name: Wright - first_name: Almudena full_name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena last_name: Alonso-Herrero - first_name: Arjan full_name: Bik, Arjan last_name: Bik - first_name: Steven full_name: Gillman, Steven last_name: Gillman - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Crespo Gómez, Alejandro last_name: Crespo Gómez - first_name: Jens full_name: Hjorth, Jens last_name: Hjorth - first_name: Sarah full_name: Kendrew, Sarah last_name: Kendrew - first_name: Alvaro full_name: Labiano, Alvaro last_name: Labiano - first_name: John P. full_name: Pye, John P. last_name: Pye - first_name: Tuomo V. full_name: Tikkanen, Tuomo V. last_name: Tikkanen - first_name: Fabian full_name: Walter, Fabian last_name: Walter - first_name: Manuel full_name: Güdel, Manuel last_name: Güdel - first_name: Thomas full_name: Henning, Thomas last_name: Henning - first_name: Paul P. full_name: Van Der Werf, Paul P. last_name: Van Der Werf citation: ama: 'Iani E, Rinaldi P, Caputi KI, et al. MIDIS: MIRI uncovers Virgil, the first Little Red Dot with clear detection of its host galaxy at z ≃ 6.6. The Astrophysical Journal. 2025;989(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ade5a6' apa: 'Iani, E., Rinaldi, P., Caputi, K. I., Annunziatella, M., Langeroodi, D., Melinder, J., … Van Der Werf, P. P. (2025). MIDIS: MIRI uncovers Virgil, the first Little Red Dot with clear detection of its host galaxy at z ≃ 6.6. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade5a6' chicago: 'Iani, Edoardo, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Karina I. Caputi, Marianna Annunziatella, Danial Langeroodi, Jens Melinder, Pablo G. Pérez-González, et al. “MIDIS: MIRI Uncovers Virgil, the First Little Red Dot with Clear Detection of Its Host Galaxy at z ≃ 6.6.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade5a6.' ieee: 'E. Iani et al., “MIDIS: MIRI uncovers Virgil, the first Little Red Dot with clear detection of its host galaxy at z ≃ 6.6,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 989, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.' ista: 'Iani E, Rinaldi P, Caputi KI, Annunziatella M, Langeroodi D, Melinder J, Pérez-González PG, Álvarez-Márquez J, Boogaard LA, Bosman SEI, Costantin L, Moutard T, Colina L, Östlin G, Greve TR, Wright G, Alonso-Herrero A, Bik A, Gillman S, Crespo Gómez A, Hjorth J, Kendrew S, Labiano A, Pye JP, Tikkanen TV, Walter F, Güdel M, Henning T, Van Der Werf PP. 2025. MIDIS: MIRI uncovers Virgil, the first Little Red Dot with clear detection of its host galaxy at z ≃ 6.6. The Astrophysical Journal. 989(2), 160.' mla: 'Iani, Edoardo, et al. “MIDIS: MIRI Uncovers Virgil, the First Little Red Dot with Clear Detection of Its Host Galaxy at z ≃ 6.6.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 989, no. 2, 160, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ade5a6.' short: E. Iani, P. Rinaldi, K.I. Caputi, M. Annunziatella, D. Langeroodi, J. Melinder, P.G. Pérez-González, J. Álvarez-Márquez, L.A. Boogaard, S.E.I. Bosman, L. Costantin, T. Moutard, L. Colina, G. Östlin, T.R. Greve, G. Wright, A. Alonso-Herrero, A. Bik, S. Gillman, A. Crespo Gómez, J. Hjorth, S. Kendrew, A. Labiano, J.P. Pye, T.V. Tikkanen, F. Walter, M. Güdel, T. Henning, P.P. Van Der Werf, The Astrophysical Journal 989 (2025). date_created: 2025-08-24T22:01:29Z date_published: 2025-08-20T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:43:12Z day: '20' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ade5a6 external_id: arxiv: - '2406.18207' isi: - '001548132000001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 92196e8352dddb1f305c253da1996ab6 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-02T06:40:23Z date_updated: 2025-09-02T06:40:23Z file_id: '20268' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Iani.pdf file_size: 5474992 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-02T06:40:23Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade5a6 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 989' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'MIDIS: MIRI uncovers Virgil, the first Little Red Dot with clear detection of its host galaxy at z ≃ 6.6' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 989 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: repository OA_type: green _id: '20255' abstract: - lang: eng text: With stunning clarity, the JWST has revealed the Universe’s first billion years. The scientific community is analysing a wealth of JWST imaging and spectroscopic data from that era, and is in the process of rewriting the astronomy textbooks. Here, as a result of the 2024 ISSI Breakthrough Workshop, we provide a snapshot of the great progress made towards understanding the initial chapters of our cosmic history 1.5 years into the JWST science mission. We present the current census of early galaxies, their luminosities, appearance, chemical composition, masses and formation histories as revealed by JWST. We relate the discovery of massive black holes in early galaxies and discuss their demographics and implications for their formations and growth. We conclude by describing the potential sources of reionization and our current understanding of how the Universe became fully ionized. Throughout the Perspective, we highlight discoveries and breakthroughs, topics and issues that are not yet understood, and questions that will be addressed in the coming years, as JWST continues its revolutionary observations of the early Universe. acknowledgement: While this Perspective is written by a small number of authors, invited to ISSI Bern in March 2024 as part of the 2024 ISSI Breakthrough Workshop, we acknowledge the work of a large community that is advancing our collective understanding of the evolution of the early Universe. We thank ISSI for sponsoring the 2024 Breakthrough Workshop, and the ISSI staff for their wonderful welcome and support. We are grateful to the author collaborators, who made this paper possible. Collectively, we are grateful to the large group of committed scientists and engineers, worldwide, who designed, built and commissioned the JWST and made a decades-long astronomer dream a reality. R.P.N. is a NASA Hubble Fellow. We are grateful to M. Dickinson for a careful read of the final paper and to F. Crameri (ISSI) for his expert help designing the very best figures. We dedicate this paper to the 20,000 people who spent decades to make JWST an incredible discovery machine. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Angela full_name: Adamo, Angela last_name: Adamo - first_name: Hakim full_name: Atek, Hakim last_name: Atek - first_name: Micaela B. full_name: Bagley, Micaela B. last_name: Bagley - first_name: Eduardo full_name: Bañados, Eduardo last_name: Bañados - first_name: Kirk S.S. full_name: Barrow, Kirk S.S. last_name: Barrow - first_name: Danielle A. full_name: Berg, Danielle A. last_name: Berg - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Maruša full_name: Bradač, Maruša last_name: Bradač - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Adam C. full_name: Carnall, Adam C. last_name: Carnall - first_name: John full_name: Chisholm, John last_name: Chisholm - first_name: Dan full_name: Coe, Dan last_name: Coe - first_name: Pratika full_name: Dayal, Pratika last_name: Dayal - first_name: Daniel J. full_name: Eisenstein, Daniel J. last_name: Eisenstein - first_name: Jan J. full_name: Eldridge, Jan J. last_name: Eldridge - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ferrara, Andrea last_name: Ferrara - first_name: Seiji full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji last_name: Fujimoto - first_name: Anna De full_name: Graaff, Anna De last_name: Graaff - first_name: Melanie full_name: Habouzit, Melanie last_name: Habouzit - first_name: Taylor A. full_name: Hutchison, Taylor A. last_name: Hutchison - first_name: Jeyhan S. full_name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. last_name: Kartaltepe - first_name: Susan A. full_name: Kassin, Susan A. last_name: Kassin - first_name: Mariska full_name: Kriek, Mariska last_name: Kriek - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Roberto full_name: Maiolino, Roberto last_name: Maiolino - first_name: Rui full_name: Marques-Chaves, Rui last_name: Marques-Chaves - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Charlotte full_name: Mason, Charlotte last_name: Mason - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Kristen B.W. full_name: Mcquinn, Kristen B.W. last_name: Mcquinn - first_name: Georges full_name: Meynet, Georges last_name: Meynet - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Laura full_name: Pentericci, Laura last_name: Pentericci - first_name: Pablo G. full_name: Pérez-González, Pablo G. last_name: Pérez-González - first_name: Jane R. full_name: Rigby, Jane R. last_name: Rigby - first_name: Guido full_name: Roberts-Borsani, Guido last_name: Roberts-Borsani - first_name: Daniel full_name: Schaerer, Daniel last_name: Schaerer - first_name: Alice E. full_name: Shapley, Alice E. last_name: Shapley - first_name: Daniel P. full_name: Stark, Daniel P. last_name: Stark - first_name: Massimo full_name: Stiavelli, Massimo last_name: Stiavelli - first_name: Allison L. full_name: Strom, Allison L. last_name: Strom - first_name: Eros full_name: Vanzella, Eros last_name: Vanzella - first_name: Feige full_name: Wang, Feige last_name: Wang - first_name: Stephen M. full_name: Wilkins, Stephen M. last_name: Wilkins - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Chris J. full_name: Willott, Chris J. last_name: Willott - first_name: Dominika full_name: Wylezalek, Dominika last_name: Wylezalek - first_name: Antonella full_name: Nota, Antonella last_name: Nota citation: ama: Adamo A, Atek H, Bagley MB, et al. The first billion years according to JWST. Nature Astronomy. 2025;9(8):1134-1147. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02624-5 apa: Adamo, A., Atek, H., Bagley, M. B., Bañados, E., Barrow, K. S. S., Berg, D. A., … Nota, A. (2025). The first billion years according to JWST. Nature Astronomy. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02624-5 chicago: Adamo, Angela, Hakim Atek, Micaela B. Bagley, Eduardo Bañados, Kirk S.S. Barrow, Danielle A. Berg, Rachel Bezanson, et al. “The First Billion Years According to JWST.” Nature Astronomy. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02624-5. ieee: A. Adamo et al., “The first billion years according to JWST,” Nature Astronomy, vol. 9, no. 8. Springer Nature, pp. 1134–1147, 2025. ista: Adamo A, Atek H, Bagley MB, Bañados E, Barrow KSS, Berg DA, Bezanson R, Bradač M, Brammer G, Carnall AC, Chisholm J, Coe D, Dayal P, Eisenstein DJ, Eldridge JJ, Ferrara A, Fujimoto S, Graaff AD, Habouzit M, Hutchison TA, Kartaltepe JS, Kassin SA, Kriek M, Labbé I, Maiolino R, Marques-Chaves R, Maseda MV, Mason C, Matthee JJ, Mcquinn KBW, Meynet G, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Pentericci L, Pérez-González PG, Rigby JR, Roberts-Borsani G, Schaerer D, Shapley AE, Stark DP, Stiavelli M, Strom AL, Vanzella E, Wang F, Wilkins SM, Williams CC, Willott CJ, Wylezalek D, Nota A. 2025. The first billion years according to JWST. Nature Astronomy. 9(8), 1134–1147. mla: Adamo, Angela, et al. “The First Billion Years According to JWST.” Nature Astronomy, vol. 9, no. 8, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1134–47, doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02624-5. short: A. Adamo, H. Atek, M.B. Bagley, E. Bañados, K.S.S. Barrow, D.A. Berg, R. Bezanson, M. Bradač, G. Brammer, A.C. Carnall, J. Chisholm, D. Coe, P. Dayal, D.J. Eisenstein, J.J. Eldridge, A. Ferrara, S. Fujimoto, A.D. Graaff, M. Habouzit, T.A. Hutchison, J.S. Kartaltepe, S.A. Kassin, M. Kriek, I. Labbé, R. Maiolino, R. Marques-Chaves, M.V. Maseda, C. Mason, J.J. Matthee, K.B.W. Mcquinn, G. Meynet, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, L. Pentericci, P.G. Pérez-González, J.R. Rigby, G. Roberts-Borsani, D. Schaerer, A.E. Shapley, D.P. Stark, M. Stiavelli, A.L. Strom, E. Vanzella, F. Wang, S.M. Wilkins, C.C. Williams, C.J. Willott, D. Wylezalek, A. Nota, Nature Astronomy 9 (2025) 1134–1147. date_created: 2025-08-31T22:01:32Z date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T14:28:42Z day: '01' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1038/s41550-025-02624-5 external_id: arxiv: - '2405.21054' isi: - '001547681400001' fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02624-5 intvolume: ' 9' isi: 1 issue: '8' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.21054 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 1134-1147 publication: Nature Astronomy publication_identifier: eissn: - 2397-3366 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The first billion years according to JWST type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 9 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20294' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Little Red Dots (LRDs) are compact, point-like sources characterized by their red color and broad Balmer lines; it is a matter of debate whether they are dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Here we report two LRDs (ID9094 and ID2756) at zspec > 7 recently discovered in the JWST FRESCO GOODS-North field. Both satisfy the “v-shaped” color and compactness criteria for LRDs and are identified as Type-I AGN candidates based on their broad Hβ emission lines (full width at half maximum: 2280 ± 490 km s−1 for ID9094 and 1070 ± 240 km s−1 for ID2756) and narrow [O III] lines (≃300 − 400 km s−1). To investigate their nature, we conducted deep NOEMA follow-up observations targeting the [C II] 158 μm emission line and the 1.3 mm dust continuum. We do not detect [C II] or 1.3 mm continuum emission for either source. If the two LRDs were DSFGs, we would expect significant detections: > 16σ for [C II] and > 3σ for the 1.3 mm continuum of ID9094, and > 5σ for the [C II] of ID2756. Using the 3σ upper limits of [C II] and 1.3 mm, we performed two analyses: (1) UV-to-far-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting with and without AGN components, and (2) comparison of their properties with the L[C II]–SFRtot empirical relation. Both analyses are consistent with a scenario in which AGN activity contributes to the observed properties, though a dusty star-forming origin cannot be fully ruled out. Our results highlight the importance of far-infrared observations for studying LRDs, a regime that remains largely unexplored.' acknowledgement: 'We are very grateful to the anonymous referee for instructive comments, which helped improve the overall quality and strengthen the analysis of this work. We thank Andrea Weibel for assistance with the HST and JWST photometric measurements used in this paper. This work is based on observations carried out under project number S23CY with the IRAM NOEMA Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs #1895 and #4762. Support for programs #1895 and #4762 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. This work is partially supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12073003, 11721303, 11991052), and the China Manned Space Project (CMS-CSST-2021-A04 and CMS-CSST-2021-A06). Y.F. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP22K21349 and JP23K13149. M.V. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark via grant numbers DFF 8021-00130 and 3103-00146 and from the Carlsberg Foundation via grant CF23-0417. VK acknowledges support from the University of Texas at Austin Cosmic Frontier Center. S.F. acknowledges support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51505.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for this work for RPN was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.' article_number: A231 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Mengyuan full_name: Xiao, Mengyuan last_name: Xiao - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Longji full_name: Bing, Longji last_name: Bing - first_name: David full_name: Elbaz, David last_name: Elbaz - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Yoshinobu full_name: Fudamoto, Yoshinobu last_name: Fudamoto - first_name: Seiji full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji last_name: Fujimoto - first_name: Rui full_name: Marques-Chaves, Rui last_name: Marques-Chaves - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Miroslava full_name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava last_name: Dessauges-Zavadsky - first_name: Francesco full_name: Valentino, Francesco last_name: Valentino - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Alba full_name: Covelo-Paz, Alba last_name: Covelo-Paz - first_name: Emanuele full_name: Daddi, Emanuele last_name: Daddi - first_name: Johan P.U. full_name: Fynbo, Johan P.U. last_name: Fynbo - first_name: Steven full_name: Gillman, Steven last_name: Gillman - first_name: Michele full_name: Ginolfi, Michele last_name: Ginolfi - first_name: Emma full_name: Giovinazzo, Emma last_name: Giovinazzo - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Qiusheng full_name: Gu, Qiusheng last_name: Gu - first_name: Garth full_name: Illingworth, Garth last_name: Illingworth - first_name: Kohei full_name: Inayoshi, Kohei last_name: Inayoshi - first_name: Vasily full_name: Kokorev, Vasily last_name: Kokorev - first_name: Romain A. full_name: Meyer, Romain A. last_name: Meyer - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Naveen A. full_name: Reddy, Naveen A. last_name: Reddy - first_name: Daniel full_name: Schaerer, Daniel last_name: Schaerer - first_name: Alice full_name: Shapley, Alice last_name: Shapley - first_name: Mauro full_name: Stefanon, Mauro last_name: Stefanon - first_name: Charles L. full_name: Steinhardt, Charles L. last_name: Steinhardt - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Marianne full_name: Vestergaard, Marianne last_name: Vestergaard - first_name: Tao full_name: Wang, Tao last_name: Wang citation: ama: Xiao M, Oesch PA, Bing L, et al. No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at zspec > 7. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;700. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554361 apa: Xiao, M., Oesch, P. A., Bing, L., Elbaz, D., Matthee, J. J., Fudamoto, Y., … Wang, T. (2025). No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at zspec > 7. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554361 chicago: Xiao, Mengyuan, Pascal A. Oesch, Longji Bing, David Elbaz, Jorryt J Matthee, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, Seiji Fujimoto, et al. “No [C II] or Dust Detection in Two Little Red Dots at Zspec > 7.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554361. ieee: M. Xiao et al., “No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at zspec > 7,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 700. EDP Sciences, 2025. ista: Xiao M, Oesch PA, Bing L, Elbaz D, Matthee JJ, Fudamoto Y, Fujimoto S, Marques-Chaves R, Williams CC, Dessauges-Zavadsky M, Valentino F, Brammer G, Covelo-Paz A, Daddi E, Fynbo JPU, Gillman S, Ginolfi M, Giovinazzo E, Greene JE, Gu Q, Illingworth G, Inayoshi K, Kokorev V, Meyer RA, Naidu RP, Reddy NA, Schaerer D, Shapley A, Stefanon M, Steinhardt CL, Setton DJ, Vestergaard M, Wang T. 2025. No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at zspec > 7. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 700, A231. mla: Xiao, Mengyuan, et al. “No [C II] or Dust Detection in Two Little Red Dots at Zspec > 7.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 700, A231, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554361. short: M. Xiao, P.A. Oesch, L. Bing, D. Elbaz, J.J. Matthee, Y. Fudamoto, S. Fujimoto, R. Marques-Chaves, C.C. Williams, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, F. Valentino, G. Brammer, A. Covelo-Paz, E. Daddi, J.P.U. Fynbo, S. Gillman, M. Ginolfi, E. Giovinazzo, J.E. Greene, Q. Gu, G. Illingworth, K. Inayoshi, V. Kokorev, R.A. Meyer, R.P. Naidu, N.A. Reddy, D. Schaerer, A. Shapley, M. Stefanon, C.L. Steinhardt, D.J. Setton, M. Vestergaard, T. Wang, Astronomy & Astrophysics 700 (2025). date_created: 2025-09-07T22:01:33Z date_published: 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:12:36Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202554361 external_id: arxiv: - '2503.01945' isi: - '001559174700004' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: fab2168609078b8336be01ef13b3238e content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-08T07:40:53Z date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:40:53Z file_id: '20308' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Xiao.pdf file_size: 3648334 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:40:53Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554361 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 700' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: No [C II] or dust detection in two Little Red Dots at zspec > 7 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 700 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20406' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The origin of the rest-optical emission of compact, red, high-redshift sources known as little red dots (LRDs) poses a major puzzle. If interpreted as starlight, it would imply that LRDs constitute the densest stellar systems in the Universe. However, alternative models suggest active galactic nuclei (AGN) may instead power the rest-optical continuum. Here, we present JWST/NIRSpec, NIRCam, and MIRI observations from the RUBIES and PRIMER programs of The Cliff: a bright LRD at z = 3.55 with an exceptional Balmer break, twice as strong as that of any high-redshift source previously observed. The spectra also reveal broad hydrogen (Hα FWHM ∼ 1500 km s−1) and He I emission, but no significant metal lines. We demonstrate that massive evolved stellar populations cannot explain the observed spectrum, even when considering unusually steep and strong dust attenuation or reasonable variations in the initial mass function. Moreover, the formally best-fit stellar mass and compact size (M* ∼ 1010.5 M⊙, re ∼ 40 pc) would imply densities at which near-monthly stellar collisions might lead to significant X-ray emission. We argue that the Balmer break, emission lines, and Hα absorption line are instead most plausibly explained by a black hole star (BH*) scenario, in which dense gas surrounds a powerful ionising source. In contrast to recently proposed BH* models of dust-reddened AGN, we show that spectral fits in the rest UV to near-infrared favour an intrinsically redder continuum over strong dust reddening. This may point to a super-Eddington accreting massive black hole or, possibly, the presence of (super)massive stars in a nuclear star cluster. The Cliff is the clearest evidence to date that at least some LRDs are not ultra-dense massive galaxies, and are instead powered by a central ionising source embedded in dense, absorbing gas.' acknowledgement: 'We thank the PRIMER team for making their imaging data publicly available immediately. We thank Jaime Villaseñor and Friedrich Röpke for helpful discussions. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs #1837 and #4233. Support for program #4233 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. REH acknowledges support by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through program 50OR2403 ‘RUBIES’. This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project #562. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. Support for this work for RPN was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. TBM was supported by a CIERA fellowship. Open Access funding provided by Max Planck Society.' article_number: A168 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Anna full_name: De Graaff, Anna last_name: De Graaff - first_name: Hans Walter full_name: Rix, Hans Walter last_name: Rix - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Harley full_name: Katz, Harley last_name: Katz - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Raphael E. full_name: Hviding, Raphael E. last_name: Hviding - first_name: Josephine full_name: Baggen, Josephine last_name: Baggen - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Pratika full_name: Dayal, Pratika last_name: Dayal - first_name: Pieter full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter last_name: Van Dokkum - first_name: Andy D. full_name: Goulding, Andy D. last_name: Goulding - first_name: Michaela full_name: Hirschmann, Michaela last_name: Hirschmann - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Ian full_name: Mcconachie, Ian last_name: Mcconachie - first_name: Tim B. full_name: Miller, Tim B. last_name: Miller - first_name: Erica full_name: Nelson, Erica last_name: Nelson - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Irene full_name: Shivaei, Irene last_name: Shivaei - first_name: Andrea full_name: Weibel, Andrea last_name: Weibel - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams citation: ama: 'De Graaff A, Rix HW, Naidu RP, et al. A remarkable ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a little red dot at z = 3.5. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;701. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554681' apa: 'De Graaff, A., Rix, H. W., Naidu, R. P., Labbé, I., Wang, B., Leja, J., … Williams, C. C. (2025). A remarkable ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a little red dot at z = 3.5. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554681' chicago: 'De Graaff, Anna, Hans Walter Rix, Rohan P. Naidu, Ivo Labbé, Bingjie Wang, Joel Leja, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “A Remarkable Ruby: Absorption in Dense Gas, Rather than Evolved Stars, Drives the Extreme Balmer Break of a Little Red Dot at z = 3.5.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554681.' ieee: 'A. De Graaff et al., “A remarkable ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a little red dot at z = 3.5,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 701. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'De Graaff A, Rix HW, Naidu RP, Labbé I, Wang B, Leja J, Matthee JJ, Katz H, Greene JE, Hviding RE, Baggen J, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Brammer G, Dayal P, Van Dokkum P, Goulding AD, Hirschmann M, Maseda MV, Mcconachie I, Miller TB, Nelson E, Oesch PA, Setton DJ, Shivaei I, Weibel A, Whitaker KE, Williams CC. 2025. A remarkable ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a little red dot at z = 3.5. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 701, A168.' mla: 'De Graaff, Anna, et al. “A Remarkable Ruby: Absorption in Dense Gas, Rather than Evolved Stars, Drives the Extreme Balmer Break of a Little Red Dot at z = 3.5.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 701, A168, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554681.' short: A. De Graaff, H.W. Rix, R.P. Naidu, I. Labbé, B. Wang, J. Leja, J.J. Matthee, H. Katz, J.E. Greene, R.E. Hviding, J. Baggen, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, G. Brammer, P. Dayal, P. Van Dokkum, A.D. Goulding, M. Hirschmann, M.V. Maseda, I. Mcconachie, T.B. Miller, E. Nelson, P.A. Oesch, D.J. Setton, I. Shivaei, A. Weibel, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, Astronomy & Astrophysics 701 (2025). date_created: 2025-09-28T22:01:27Z date_published: 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:13:12Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202554681 external_id: arxiv: - '2503.16600' isi: - '001570450900004' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: cf93d635121dbf4865fd080c517927d0 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-29T06:59:14Z date_updated: 2025-09-29T06:59:14Z file_id: '20409' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_deGraaff2.pdf file_size: 1218479 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-29T06:59:14Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554681 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 701' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'A remarkable ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a little red dot at z = 3.5' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 701 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20425' abstract: - lang: eng text: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from accreting black holes ionizes the intergalactic gas around early quasars, carving out highly ionized bubbles in their surroundings. Any changes in a quasar’s luminosity are therefore predicted to produce outward-propagating ionization gradients, affecting the Lyα absorption opacity near the quasar’s systemic redshift. This “proximity effect” is well-documented in rest-UV quasar spectra but only provides a one-dimensional probe along our line of sight. Here we present deep spectroscopic observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of galaxies in the background of a superluminous quasar at zQSO ≈ 6.3, which reveal the quasar’s “light echo” with Lyα tomography in the transverse direction. This transverse proximity effect is detected for the first time toward multiple galaxy sightlines, allowing us to map the extent and geometry of the quasar’s ionization cone. We obtain constraints on the orientation and inclination of the cone, as well as an upper limit on the obscured solid angle fraction of fobsc < 91%. Additionally, we find a timescale of the quasar’s UV radiation of tqso = 10^5.6+0.1-0.3 yr, which is significantly shorter than would be required to build up the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) with conventional growth models, but is consistent with independent measurements of the quasars’ duty cycle. Our inferred obscured fraction disfavors a scenario where short quasar lifetimes can be explained exclusively by geometric obscuration, and instead supports the idea that radiatively inefficient accretion or growth in initially heavily enshrouded cocoons plays a pivotal role in early SMBH growth. Our results pave the way for novel studies of quasars’ ionizing geometries and radiative histories at early cosmic times. acknowledgement: "This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs #1243 and #4713.\r\n\r\nAll of the data presented in this Letter were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The specific observations analyzed can be accessed via doi:10.17909/w7hm-qb39.\r\nJ.M. is supported by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224)." article_number: L40 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Anna Christina full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina last_name: Eilers - first_name: Minghao full_name: Yue, Minghao last_name: Yue - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Joseph F. full_name: Hennawi, Joseph F. last_name: Hennawi - first_name: Frederick B. full_name: Davies, Frederick B. last_name: Davies - first_name: Robert A. full_name: Simcoe, Robert A. last_name: Simcoe - first_name: Richard full_name: Teague, Richard last_name: Teague - first_name: Rongmon full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon last_name: Bordoloi - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Yi full_name: Kang, Yi last_name: Kang - first_name: Daichi full_name: Kashino, Daichi last_name: Kashino - first_name: Ruari full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Benjamín full_name: Navarrete, Benjamín id: aa14a535-50c9-11ef-b52e-e0c373d10148 last_name: Navarrete citation: ama: Eilers AC, Yue M, Matthee JJ, et al. The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;991(2). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a apa: Eilers, A. C., Yue, M., Matthee, J. J., Hennawi, J. F., Davies, F. B., Simcoe, R. A., … Navarrete, B. (2025). The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a chicago: Eilers, Anna Christina, Minghao Yue, Jorryt J Matthee, Joseph F. Hennawi, Frederick B. Davies, Robert A. Simcoe, Richard Teague, et al. “The Light Echo of a High-Redshift Quasar Mapped with Lyα Tomography.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a. ieee: A. C. Eilers et al., “The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 991, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025. ista: Eilers AC, Yue M, Matthee JJ, Hennawi JF, Davies FB, Simcoe RA, Teague R, Bordoloi R, Brammer G, Kang Y, Kashino D, Mackenzie R, Naidu RP, Navarrete B. 2025. The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 991(2), L40. mla: Eilers, Anna Christina, et al. “The Light Echo of a High-Redshift Quasar Mapped with Lyα Tomography.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 991, no. 2, L40, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a. short: A.C. Eilers, M. Yue, J.J. Matthee, J.F. Hennawi, F.B. Davies, R.A. Simcoe, R. Teague, R. Bordoloi, G. Brammer, Y. Kang, D. Kashino, R. Mackenzie, R.P. Naidu, B. Navarrete, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 991 (2025). date_created: 2025-10-05T22:01:35Z date_published: 2025-09-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:44:42Z day: '25' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa - _id: GradSch doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a external_id: arxiv: - '2509.05417' isi: - '001581023000001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 3cb8099b9a915755164e5675b33f8a03 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-10-13T09:25:12Z date_updated: 2025-10-13T09:25:12Z file_id: '20461' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Eilers.pdf file_size: 23585591 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-10-13T09:25:12Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae057a has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 991' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version project: - _id: bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea grant_number: '101076224' name: Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 2041-8213 issn: - 2041-8205 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The light echo of a high-redshift quasar mapped with Lyα tomography tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 991 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20494' abstract: - lang: eng text: The James Webb Space Telescope is revolutionising our ability to understand the host galaxies and local environments of high-z quasars. Here we obtain a comprehensive understanding of the host galaxy of the z = 7.08 quasar J1120+0641 by combining NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy with NIRCam photometry of the host continuum emission. Our emission-line maps reveal that this quasar host is undergoing a merger with a bright companion galaxy. The quasar host and the companion have similar dynamical masses of ∼1010 M⊙, suggesting that this is a major galaxy interaction. Through detailed quasar subtraction and SED fitting using the NIRCam data, we obtained an estimate of the host stellar mass of M* = (3.0−1.4+2.5) × 109 M⊙, with M∗ = (2.7−0.5+0.5) × 109 M⊙ for the companion galaxy. Using the Hβ Balmer line, we estimated a virial black hole mass of MBH = (1.9−1.1+2.9) × 109 M⊙. Thus, J1120+0641 has an extreme black hole–stellar mass ratio of MBH/M* = 0.63−0.31+0.54, which is ∼3 dex larger than expected by the local scaling relations between black hole and stellar mass. J1120+0641 is powered by an overmassive black hole with the highest reported black hole–stellar mass ratio in a quasar host that is currently undergoing a major merger. These new insights highlight the power of JWST for measuring and understanding these extreme first quasars. acknowledgement: 'This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1263, as part of the Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec Integral Field Spectroscopy GTO program, and program #1243, as part of the Emission-line galaxies and Intergalactic Gas in the Epoch of Reionization GTO program. We thank Ignas Juodžbalis for helping with the compilation of BH–stellar mass measurements from the literature. We thank the referee for their helpful feedback. MAM acknowledges support by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Los Alamos National Laboratory under project number 20240752PRD1. The project leading to this publication has received support from ORP, that is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101004719 [ORP]. MP, SA and BRdP acknowledge grant PID2021-127718NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research (MICIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033). JS, RM and FDE acknowledge support by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), from the ERC Advanced Grant 695671 “QUENCH”. JS and FDE acknowledge the UKRI Frontier Research grant RISEandFALL. RM acknowledges funding from a research professorship from the Royal Society. HÜ acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC APEX, 101164796). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. SC and GV acknowledge support from the European Union (ERC, WINGS,101040227). AJB and GCJ acknowledge funding from the “FirstGalaxies” Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 789056). DK acknowledges funding from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K13956. This research has made use of the Astrophysics Data System, funded by NASA under Cooperative Agreement 80NSSC21M00561, QFitsView (Ott 2012), and SAOImageDS9, developed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. This paper made use of Python packages and software AstroPy (Astropy Collaboration 2013), jwst (Bushouse et al. 2022), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), NumPy (van der Walt et al. 2011), Pandas (Pandas Development Team 2020), Photutils (Bradley et al. 2018), Prospector (Johnson et al. 2021), psfMC (Mechtley 2019), Regions (Bradley et al. 2022), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Seaborn (Waskom 2021), Spectral Cube (Ginsburg et al. 2019), QDeblend3D (Husemann et al. 2013, 2014), QubeSpec (https://github.com/honzascholtz/Qubespec), and WebbPSF (Perrin et al. 2015).' article_number: A50 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Madeline A. full_name: Marshall, Madeline A. last_name: Marshall - first_name: Minghao full_name: Yue, Minghao last_name: Yue - first_name: Anna Christina full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina last_name: Eilers - first_name: Jan full_name: Scholtz, Jan last_name: Scholtz - first_name: Michele full_name: Perna, Michele last_name: Perna - first_name: Chris J. full_name: Willott, Chris J. last_name: Willott - first_name: Roberto full_name: Maiolino, Roberto last_name: Maiolino - first_name: Hannah full_name: Übler, Hannah last_name: Übler - first_name: Santiago full_name: Arribas, Santiago last_name: Arribas - first_name: Andrew J. full_name: Bunker, Andrew J. last_name: Bunker - first_name: Stephane full_name: Charlot, Stephane last_name: Charlot - first_name: Bruno full_name: Rodríguez Del Pino, Bruno last_name: Rodríguez Del Pino - first_name: Torsten full_name: Böker, Torsten last_name: Böker - first_name: Stefano full_name: Carniani, Stefano last_name: Carniani - first_name: Chiara full_name: Circosta, Chiara last_name: Circosta - first_name: Giovanni full_name: Cresci, Giovanni last_name: Cresci - first_name: Francesco full_name: D'Eugenio, Francesco last_name: D'Eugenio - first_name: Gareth C. full_name: Jones, Gareth C. last_name: Jones - first_name: Giacomo full_name: Venturi, Giacomo last_name: Venturi - first_name: Rongmon full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon last_name: Bordoloi - first_name: Daichi full_name: Kashino, Daichi last_name: Kashino - first_name: Ruari full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Rohan full_name: Naidu, Rohan last_name: Naidu - first_name: Robert A. full_name: Simcoe, Robert A. last_name: Simcoe citation: ama: 'Marshall MA, Yue M, Eilers AC, et al. GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z = 7 with an overmassive black hole. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;702. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452650' apa: 'Marshall, M. A., Yue, M., Eilers, A. C., Scholtz, J., Perna, M., Willott, C. J., … Simcoe, R. A. (2025). GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z = 7 with an overmassive black hole. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452650' chicago: 'Marshall, Madeline A., Minghao Yue, Anna Christina Eilers, Jan Scholtz, Michele Perna, Chris J. Willott, Roberto Maiolino, et al. “GA-NIFS and EIGER: A Merging Quasar Host at z = 7 with an Overmassive Black Hole.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452650.' ieee: 'M. A. Marshall et al., “GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z = 7 with an overmassive black hole,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 702. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Marshall MA, Yue M, Eilers AC, Scholtz J, Perna M, Willott CJ, Maiolino R, Übler H, Arribas S, Bunker AJ, Charlot S, Rodríguez Del Pino B, Böker T, Carniani S, Circosta C, Cresci G, D’Eugenio F, Jones GC, Venturi G, Bordoloi R, Kashino D, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Naidu R, Simcoe RA. 2025. GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z = 7 with an overmassive black hole. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 702, A50.' mla: 'Marshall, Madeline A., et al. “GA-NIFS and EIGER: A Merging Quasar Host at z = 7 with an Overmassive Black Hole.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 702, A50, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452650.' short: M.A. Marshall, M. Yue, A.C. Eilers, J. Scholtz, M. Perna, C.J. Willott, R. Maiolino, H. Übler, S. Arribas, A.J. Bunker, S. Charlot, B. Rodríguez Del Pino, T. Böker, S. Carniani, C. Circosta, G. Cresci, F. D’Eugenio, G.C. Jones, G. Venturi, R. Bordoloi, D. Kashino, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, R. Naidu, R.A. Simcoe, Astronomy & Astrophysics 702 (2025). date_created: 2025-10-19T22:01:32Z date_published: 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:13:28Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452650 external_id: arxiv: - '2410.11035' isi: - '001588901100004' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: ae625d3ebda7483bd61ecb3c497d0de9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-10-20T07:42:18Z date_updated: 2025-10-20T07:42:18Z file_id: '20497' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Marshall.pdf file_size: 3871156 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-10-20T07:42:18Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452650 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 702' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'GA-NIFS and EIGER: A merging quasar host at z = 7 with an overmassive black hole' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 702 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20544' abstract: - lang: eng text: The physical nature of little red dots (LRDs), a population of compact red galaxies revealed by JWST, remains unclear. Photometric samples were constructed from varying selection criteria with limited spectroscopic follow-up available to test intrinsic spectral shapes and the prevalence of broad emission lines. We used the RUBIES survey, a large spectroscopic program with wide color-morphology coverage and homogeneous data quality, to systematically analyze the emission-line kinematics, spectral shapes, and morphologies of ∼1500 galaxies at z > 3.1. We identified broad Balmer lines via a novel fitting approach that simultaneously models NIRSpec/PRISM and G395M spectra, yielding 80 broad-line sources with 28 (35%) at z > 6. A large subpopulation naturally emerged from the broad Balmer line sources, with 36 exhibiting v-shaped UV-to-optical continua and a dominant point source component in the rest-optical; we define these as spectroscopic LRDs, constituting the largest such sample to date. Strikingly, the spectroscopic LRD population is largely recovered when either a broad line or rest-optical point source is required in combination with a v-shaped continuum, suggesting an inherent link between these three defining characteristics. We compared the spectroscopic LRD sample to published photometric searches. Although these selections have high accuracy, 80%−95% down to F444W < 26.5, only 50%−80% of the RUBIES LRDs were photometrically identified, depending on the selection criteria used. The remainder were missed due to a mixture of faint rest-UV photometry, comparatively blue rest-optical colors, or highly uncertain photometric redshifts. Our findings highlight that well-selected spectroscopic campaigns are essential for robust LRD identification, while photometric criteria require refinement to capture the full population. acknowledgement: 'Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments which improved the final manuscript. REH acknowledges support by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through program 50OR2403 ‘RUBIES’. TBM was supported by a CIERA Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work used computing resources provided by Northwestern University and the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA). This research was supported in part through the computational resources and staff contributions provided for the Quest high performance computing facility at Northwestern University which is jointly supported by the Office of the Provost, the Office for Research, and Northwestern University Information Technology. Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. Support for this work for RPN was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The work of CCW is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The data products presented herein were retrieved from the Dawn JWST Archive (DJA). DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN). This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs numbers 1345, 1837, 2234, 2279, 2514, 2750, 3990 and 4233. Support for program no. 4233 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. The authors acknowledge the CEERS, PRIMER, PANORAMIC, and BEACONS teams for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. We acknowledge the use of the following software packages which were instrumental in the development of this work: Astropy Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018, 2022, grizli Brammer 2023a, jax Bradbury et al. 2018, jwst Bushouse et al. 2022, LaTeX Lamport 1994, MatplotlibHunter 2007, msaexp Brammer 2023b, msafit de Graaff et al. 2024, NumPy Oliphant 2006; van der Walt et al. 2011; Harris et al. 2020, NumPyro Phan et al. 2019, photutils Bradley et al. 2024b, pysersic Pasha & Miller 2023, photutils Bradley et al. 2024a, sedpy Johnson 2021, Source-Extractor Bertin & Arnouts 1996, and unite Hviding 2025. This work makes use of color palettes created by Martin Krzywinski designed for colorblindness. The color palettes and more information can be found at http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/colorblind/' article_number: A57 article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Raphael E. full_name: Hviding, Raphael E. last_name: Hviding - first_name: Anna full_name: de Graaff, Anna last_name: de Graaff - first_name: Tim B. full_name: Miller, Tim B. last_name: Miller - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbé, Ivo last_name: Labbé - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Leindert A. full_name: Boogaard, Leindert A. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Nikko J. full_name: Cleri, Nikko J. last_name: Cleri - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Ian full_name: McConachie, Ian last_name: McConachie - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams citation: ama: 'Hviding RE, de Graaff A, Miller TB, et al. RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;702. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555816' apa: 'Hviding, R. E., de Graaff, A., Miller, T. B., Setton, D. J., Greene, J. E., Labbé, I., … Williams, C. C. (2025). RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555816' chicago: 'Hviding, Raphael E., Anna de Graaff, Tim B. Miller, David J. Setton, Jenny E. Greene, Ivo Labbé, Gabriel Brammer, et al. “RUBIES: A Spectroscopic Census of Little Red Dots.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555816.' ieee: 'R. E. Hviding et al., “RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 702. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Hviding RE, de Graaff A, Miller TB, Setton DJ, Greene JE, Labbé I, Brammer G, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Cleri NJ, Leja J, Maseda MV, McConachie I, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Wang B, Whitaker KE, Williams CC. 2025. RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 702, A57.' mla: 'Hviding, Raphael E., et al. “RUBIES: A Spectroscopic Census of Little Red Dots.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 702, A57, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555816.' short: R.E. Hviding, A. de Graaff, T.B. Miller, D.J. Setton, J.E. Greene, I. Labbé, G. Brammer, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, N.J. Cleri, J. Leja, M.V. Maseda, I. McConachie, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, B. Wang, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, Astronomy & Astrophysics 702 (2025). date_created: 2025-10-27T08:17:26Z date_published: 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-03-02T09:17:21Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202555816 external_id: isi: - '001589731300022' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 34d6612d80f3f0e79a8f8ac33d9286ae content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-10-27T09:16:23Z date_updated: 2025-10-27T09:16:23Z file_id: '20550' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Hviding.pdf file_size: 3885322 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-10-27T09:16:23Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555816 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 702' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: erratum url: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202659153e scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'RUBIES: A spectroscopic census of little red dots' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 702 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20545' abstract: - lang: eng text: The H i gas distribution in damped Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) has remained elusive due to the point-source nature of background quasar emission. Observing DLAs against spatially extended background galaxies provides a new method for constraining their size and structure. Using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager, we present the first ‘silhouette’ image of a DLA at $z=3.34$, identified in the spectrum of a background galaxy at $z=3.61$. Although the silhouette remains unresolved due to limited spatial resolution, this represents a successful proof-of-concept for studying DLA morphology using extended background sources. Possible residual emission in the DLA trough suggests an optical depth contrast exceeding $10^7$ in the internal structure, implying a sharp edge or patchy structure. A Lyman $\alpha$ emitter (LAE) at $z_{\rm LAE}=3.3433\pm 0.0005$, consistent with the DLA redshift, is detected at an angular separation of $1{{_{.}^{\prime\prime}} }73\pm 0{{_{.}^{\prime\prime}} }28$ ($12.9\pm 2.1$ kpc). The DLA is surrounded by three galaxies within 140 kpc in projected distance and 500 km s$^{-1}$ in line-of-sight velocity, indicating that it resides in the circumgalactic medium of the LAE or within a galaxy group/protocluster environment. An O i $\lambda 1302$ absorption at $z_{\rm OI}=3.3288\pm 0.0004$ is also detected along the line of sight. This absorber may trace metal-enriched outflow from the LAE or a gas-rich galaxy exhibiting the highest star formation activity among the surrounding galaxies. Future large spectroscopic surveys of galaxies will expand such a DLA sample, and three-dimensional spectroscopy for it will shed new light on the role of intergalactic dense gas in galaxy formation and evolution. acknowledgement: "We thank Seiji Fujimoto for discussions in the early stage of this work. We were supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 21H04489, 22H04939, 23H00131, 24H00002, 24K17095, 25K01038, and 25K01039. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at Keck Observatory, which is a private 501(c)3 non-profit organization operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology,\r\nthe University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the Native Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this\r\nmountain. This research made use of MONTAGE. It is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number ACI-1440620, and was previously funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Earth Science Technology Office, Computation\r\nTechnologies Project, underCooperative Agreement Number NCC5-626 between NASA and the California Institute of Technology." article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Fuga full_name: Komori, Fuga last_name: Komori - first_name: Akio K full_name: Inoue, Akio K last_name: Inoue - first_name: Ken full_name: Mawatari, Ken last_name: Mawatari - first_name: Yuma full_name: Sugahara, Yuma last_name: Sugahara - first_name: Hideki full_name: Umehata, Hideki last_name: Umehata - first_name: Rhythm full_name: Shimakawa, Rhythm last_name: Shimakawa - first_name: Satoshi full_name: Yamanaka, Satoshi last_name: Yamanaka - first_name: Takuya full_name: Hashimoto, Takuya last_name: Hashimoto - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Toru full_name: Misawa, Toru last_name: Misawa citation: ama: Komori F, Inoue AK, Mawatari K, et al. The first direct imaging of the silhouette of a damped Lyman α system along the line-of-sight to a background galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;543(3):2943-2957. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1622 apa: Komori, F., Inoue, A. K., Mawatari, K., Sugahara, Y., Umehata, H., Shimakawa, R., … Misawa, T. (2025). The first direct imaging of the silhouette of a damped Lyman α system along the line-of-sight to a background galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1622 chicago: Komori, Fuga, Akio K Inoue, Ken Mawatari, Yuma Sugahara, Hideki Umehata, Rhythm Shimakawa, Satoshi Yamanaka, Takuya Hashimoto, Jorryt J Matthee, and Toru Misawa. “The First Direct Imaging of the Silhouette of a Damped Lyman α System along the Line-of-Sight to a Background Galaxy.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1622. ieee: F. Komori et al., “The first direct imaging of the silhouette of a damped Lyman α system along the line-of-sight to a background galaxy,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 543, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2943–2957, 2025. ista: Komori F, Inoue AK, Mawatari K, Sugahara Y, Umehata H, Shimakawa R, Yamanaka S, Hashimoto T, Matthee JJ, Misawa T. 2025. The first direct imaging of the silhouette of a damped Lyman α system along the line-of-sight to a background galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 543(3), 2943–2957. mla: Komori, Fuga, et al. “The First Direct Imaging of the Silhouette of a Damped Lyman α System along the Line-of-Sight to a Background Galaxy.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 543, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 2943–57, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1622. short: F. Komori, A.K. Inoue, K. Mawatari, Y. Sugahara, H. Umehata, R. Shimakawa, S. Yamanaka, T. Hashimoto, J.J. Matthee, T. Misawa, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 543 (2025) 2943–2957. date_created: 2025-10-27T08:18:07Z date_published: 2025-09-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:07:43Z day: '25' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1622 external_id: isi: - '001592326700001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: d3190e974ce771e96c4c16ee98abb82a content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-10-27T09:06:51Z date_updated: 2025-10-27T09:06:51Z file_id: '20549' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Komori.pdf file_size: 4864160 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-10-27T09:06:51Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1622 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 543' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2943-2957 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The first direct imaging of the silhouette of a damped Lyman α system along the line-of-sight to a background galaxy tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 543 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: diamond PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20589' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Context. This paper investigates the star formation histories (SFHs) of a sample of massive galaxies (M⋆ ≥ 1010 M⊙) in the redshift range 1 < z < 4.5.\r\nMethods. We analyzed spectro-photometric data, combining broadband photometry from HST and JWST with low-resolution grism spectroscopy from JWST/NIRISS, obtained as part of the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey program. SFHs were derived through spectral energy distribution fitting using two independent codes, BAGPIPES and synthesizer, under various SFH assumptions. This approach enables a comprehensive assessment of the biases introduced by different modeling choices.\r\nResults. The inclusion of NIRISS spectroscopy, even with its low resolution, significantly improves constraints on key physical parameters, such as the mass-weighted stellar age (tM) and formation redshift (zform), by narrowing their posterior distributions. The massive galaxies in our sample exhibit rapid stellar mass assembly, forming 50% of their mass between 3 ≤ z ≤ 9. The highest inferred formation redshifts are compatible with elevated star formation efficiencies (ϵ) at early epochs. Nonparametric SFHs generally imply an earlier and slower mass assembly compared to parametric forms, highlighting the sensitivity of inferred formation timescales to the chosen SFH model–particularly for galaxies at z < 2. We find that quiescent galaxies are, on average, older (tM ∼ 1.1 Gyr) and assembled more rapidly at earlier times than their star-forming counterparts. These findings support the “downsizing” scenario, in which more massive and passive systems form earlier and more efficiently." acknowledgement: MA acknowledges financial support from Comunidad de Madrid under Atracción de Talento grant 2020-T2/TIC-19971. This work has made use of the Rainbow Cosmological Surveys Database, which is operated by the Centro de Astrobiología (CAB/INTA), partnered with the University of California Observatories at Santa Cruz (UCO/Lick,UCSC). The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from the “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PR24/12050015. LC acknowledges support from grants PID2022-139567NB-I00 and PIB2021-127718NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ ESA/CSA JWST. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. article_number: A224 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: M. full_name: Annunziatella, M. last_name: Annunziatella - first_name: P. G. full_name: P’Erez-Gonz’Alez, P. G. last_name: P’Erez-Gonz’Alez - first_name: J. full_name: Álvarez-Márquez, J. last_name: Álvarez-Márquez - first_name: L. full_name: Costantin, L. last_name: Costantin - first_name: Edoardo full_name: Iani, Edoardo id: 4053390a-6b68-11ef-9828-a3b8adef8d0a last_name: Iani orcid: 0000-0001-8386-3546 - first_name: Unknown full_name: Labiano, Unknown last_name: Labiano - first_name: P. full_name: Rinaldi, P. last_name: Rinaldi - first_name: L. full_name: Boogaard, L. last_name: Boogaard - first_name: R. A. full_name: Meyer, R. A. last_name: Meyer - first_name: G. full_name: Östlin, G. last_name: Östlin - first_name: L. full_name: Colina, L. last_name: Colina - first_name: J. full_name: Melinder, J. last_name: Melinder - first_name: I. full_name: Jermann, I. last_name: Jermann - first_name: S. full_name: Gillman, S. last_name: Gillman - first_name: D. full_name: Langeroodi, D. last_name: Langeroodi - first_name: J. full_name: Hjorth, J. last_name: Hjorth - first_name: A. full_name: Alonso-Herrero, A. last_name: Alonso-Herrero - first_name: A. full_name: Eckart, A. last_name: Eckart - first_name: F. full_name: Walter, F. last_name: Walter - first_name: P. P. full_name: Van Der Werf, P. P. last_name: Van Der Werf - first_name: A. full_name: Bik, A. last_name: Bik - first_name: F. full_name: Peißker, F. last_name: Peißker - first_name: K. I. full_name: Caputi, K. I. last_name: Caputi - first_name: M. full_name: García-Marín, M. last_name: García-Marín - first_name: G. full_name: Wright, G. last_name: Wright - first_name: T. R. full_name: Greve, T. R. last_name: Greve citation: ama: 'Annunziatella M, P’Erez-Gonz’Alez PG, Álvarez-Márquez J, et al. MIDIS: Unveiling the star formation history in massive galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with spectro-photometric analysis. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2025;702. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453298' apa: 'Annunziatella, M., P’Erez-Gonz’Alez, P. G., Álvarez-Márquez, J., Costantin, L., Iani, E., Labiano, U., … Greve, T. R. (2025). MIDIS: Unveiling the star formation history in massive galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with spectro-photometric analysis. Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453298' chicago: 'Annunziatella, M., P. G. P’Erez-Gonz’Alez, J. Álvarez-Márquez, L. Costantin, Edoardo Iani, Unknown Labiano, P. Rinaldi, et al. “MIDIS: Unveiling the Star Formation History in Massive Galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with Spectro-Photometric Analysis.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453298.' ieee: 'M. Annunziatella et al., “MIDIS: Unveiling the star formation history in massive galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with spectro-photometric analysis,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 702. EDP Sciences, 2025.' ista: 'Annunziatella M, P’Erez-Gonz’Alez PG, Álvarez-Márquez J, Costantin L, Iani E, Labiano U, Rinaldi P, Boogaard L, Meyer RA, Östlin G, Colina L, Melinder J, Jermann I, Gillman S, Langeroodi D, Hjorth J, Alonso-Herrero A, Eckart A, Walter F, Van Der Werf PP, Bik A, Peißker F, Caputi KI, García-Marín M, Wright G, Greve TR. 2025. MIDIS: Unveiling the star formation history in massive galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with spectro-photometric analysis. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 702, A224.' mla: 'Annunziatella, M., et al. “MIDIS: Unveiling the Star Formation History in Massive Galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with Spectro-Photometric Analysis.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 702, A224, EDP Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453298.' short: M. Annunziatella, P.G. P’Erez-Gonz’Alez, J. Álvarez-Márquez, L. Costantin, E. Iani, U. Labiano, P. Rinaldi, L. Boogaard, R.A. Meyer, G. Östlin, L. Colina, J. Melinder, I. Jermann, S. Gillman, D. Langeroodi, J. Hjorth, A. Alonso-Herrero, A. Eckart, F. Walter, P.P. Van Der Werf, A. Bik, F. Peißker, K.I. Caputi, M. García-Marín, G. Wright, T.R. Greve, Astronomy & Astrophysics 702 (2025). date_created: 2025-11-02T23:01:34Z date_published: 2025-10-24T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:14:12Z day: '24' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202453298 external_id: arxiv: - '2508.16951' isi: - '001600932400021' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 0cd0c3fc75b7f6589088a2b7bd60c0ed content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-11-04T09:36:30Z date_updated: 2025-11-04T09:36:30Z file_id: '20600' file_name: 2025_AstronomyAstrophysics_Annunziatella.pdf file_size: 5107702 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-11-04T09:36:30Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453298 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 702' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1432-0746 issn: - 0004-6361 publication_status: published publisher: EDP Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'MIDIS: Unveiling the star formation history in massive galaxies at 1 < z < 4.5 with spectro-photometric analysis' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 702 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20649' abstract: - lang: eng text: Ionized proximity zones around luminous quasars provide a unique laboratory to characterize the Lyα emission lines from z > 6 galaxies without significant attenuation from the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, Lyα line measurements for galaxies within high-redshift quasars’ proximity zones have been rare so far. Here we present deep spectroscopic observations obtained with the NIRSpec/Micro-Shutter Assembly (MSA) instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope of galaxies in two z > 6 quasar fields. We measure the Lyα line fluxes for 50 galaxies at 6 < z < 7 with UV absolute magnitude M UV < −19 (median M UV = −19.97), among which 15 are located near the luminous quasars, i.e., within Δv < 2500 km s−1. We find that galaxies near the quasars show significant flux blueward of the systemic Lyα wavelength, and have higher Lyα equivalent width compared to galaxies at similar redshifts that are not located within the quasars’ environment. Our result indicates little or no redshift evolution for the Lyα emitter fraction from z ∼ 6.4 to z ∼ 5. Leveraging the low IGM opacity in the quasars’ vicinity, we evaluate the Lyα escape fraction (f esc Ly α) of high-redshift galaxies. Our analysis suggests that galaxies at 〈z〉 ≈ 6.4 have an average f esc Ly α = 0.14 ± 0.04. This value is consistent with reionization models where the Lyman continuum escape fraction is low ( fescLyC ≲ 0.1 ) for luminous galaxies, and where the most luminous galaxies have only a minor contribution to the total ionizing photon budget. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for valuable comments. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program ID #3117 and #4713. Support for\r\nthis work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the\r\nAssociation of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555." article_number: L12 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Minghao full_name: Yue, Minghao last_name: Yue - first_name: Anna Christina full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina last_name: Eilers - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Rongmon full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon last_name: Bordoloi - first_name: Frederick B. full_name: Davies, Frederick B. last_name: Davies - first_name: Joseph F. full_name: Hennawi, Joseph F. last_name: Hennawi - first_name: Daichi full_name: Kashino, Daichi last_name: Kashino - first_name: Ruari full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Robert A. full_name: Simcoe, Robert A. last_name: Simcoe citation: ama: Yue M, Eilers AC, Matthee JJ, et al. Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2025;993(1). doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e apa: Yue, M., Eilers, A. C., Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Bordoloi, R., Davies, F. B., … Simcoe, R. A. (2025). Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e chicago: Yue, Minghao, Anna Christina Eilers, Jorryt J Matthee, Rohan P. Naidu, Rongmon Bordoloi, Frederick B. Davies, Joseph F. Hennawi, Daichi Kashino, Ruari Mackenzie, and Robert A. Simcoe. “Escape Fractions from Unattenuated Lyα Emitters around Luminous z > 6 Quasars.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters. IOP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e. ieee: M. Yue et al., “Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars,” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 993, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2025. ista: Yue M, Eilers AC, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Bordoloi R, Davies FB, Hennawi JF, Kashino D, Mackenzie R, Simcoe RA. 2025. Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars. The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 993(1), L12. mla: Yue, Minghao, et al. “Escape Fractions from Unattenuated Lyα Emitters around Luminous z > 6 Quasars.” The Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 993, no. 1, L12, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e. short: M. Yue, A.C. Eilers, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, R. Bordoloi, F.B. Davies, J.F. Hennawi, D. Kashino, R. Mackenzie, R.A. Simcoe, The Astrophysical Journal Letters 993 (2025). date_created: 2025-11-16T23:01:24Z date_published: 2025-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:45:16Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e external_id: arxiv: - '2507.05381' isi: - '001600890100001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 11d35c1c52c000f8c14bc6de2e9f4b3f content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-11-24T13:18:34Z date_updated: 2025-11-24T13:18:34Z file_id: '20680' file_name: 2025_AstrophysicalJour_Yue.pdf file_size: 39736710 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-11-24T13:18:34Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0e0e has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 993' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal Letters publication_identifier: eissn: - 2041-8213 issn: - 2041-8205 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Escape fractions from unattenuated Lyα emitters around luminous z > 6 quasars tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 993 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20660' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We used observations from the JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS) to measure the half-light radii (re) of 23 Hα-emitting starforming (SF) galaxies at z = 6.1 in the PRIMER/COSMOS field. Galaxy sizes were measured in JWST near-infrared camera observations in rest-frame Hα (tracing recent star formation) with the F466N and F470N narrow-band filters from JELS, and\r\ncompared against rest-R- and V -band (tracing established stellar populations) and near-ultraviolet sizes. We find a size–stellar mass(re − M∗) relationship with a slope that is consistent with literature values at lower redshifts, though offset to lowersizes. We observe a large scatter in re at low stellar mass (M∗ < 10^8.4 Mo) which we believe is the result of bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of SF galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We find that the stellar and ionized gas components are similar in size at z = 6.1. The evidence of already-established stellar components in these Hα emitters (HAEs) indicates previous episodes of star formation have occurred. As such, following other JELS studies finding our HAEs are undergoing a current burst of star formation, we believe our results indicate that SF galaxies at the end of the EoR have already experienced a bursty SFH. From our re − M∗ relationship, we find re,F444W = 0.76 ± 0.46 kpc for fixed stellar mass M∗ = 10^9.25 M, which is in agreement with other observations and simulations of SF galaxies in the literature. We find a close-pair (major) merger fraction of (fmaj. merger =0.44 ± 0.22) fmerger = 0.43 ± 0.11 for galaxy separations d <~ 25 kpc, which is in agreement with other z ≈ 6 studies." acknowledgement: "This work makes use of ASTROPY, 7 a community-developed core PYTHON package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018, 2022), as well as the NUMPY (C. R. Harris et al. 2020) and SCIPY (P.Virtanen et al. 2020) packages(see also T. E. Oliphant 2007). All plots\r\nwere created using the MATPLOTLIB 2D graphics PYTHON package (J. D. Hunter 2007). Conversions between redshift and lookback time in our selected cosmological model were done using the Javascript cosmological calculator from E. L. Wright (2006).8 The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for their constructive comments and suggestions which have strengthened the analysis of this work and improved the paper. The authors also gratefully acknowledge Ian Smail for providing valuable feedback and helping to guide the science of this paper. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space\r\nTelescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes9 at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs GO no. 2321 (JELS) and GO no. 1837 (PRIMER). The authors acknowledge the PRIMER team for developing their observing program with a zero-exclusive-access period. HMOS acknowledges support from an STFC PhD studentship and the Faculty of Science and Technology at Lancaster University. PNB is grateful for support from the UK STFC\r\nvia grants ST/V000594/1 and ST/Y000951/1. JSD acknowledges the support of the Royal Society via a Royal Society Research Professorship. LOF acknowledges funding by ANID BECAS/DOCTORADO NACIONAL 21220499.CLH acknowledges support from the Oxford\r\nHintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys which is funded through generous support from the Hintze family charity foundation. EI gratefully acknowledge financial support from ANID – MILENIO –NCN2024 112 and ANID FONDECYT Regular 1221846. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons attribution (CC BY) licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising." article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: H. M.O. full_name: Stephenson, H. M.O. last_name: Stephenson - first_name: J. P. full_name: Stott, J. P. last_name: Stott - first_name: C. A. full_name: Pirie, C. A. last_name: Pirie - first_name: K. J. full_name: Duncan, K. J. last_name: Duncan - first_name: D. J. full_name: Mcleod, D. J. last_name: Mcleod - first_name: P. N. full_name: Best, P. N. last_name: Best - first_name: M. full_name: Brinch, M. last_name: Brinch - first_name: M. full_name: Clausen, M. last_name: Clausen - first_name: R. K. full_name: Cochrane, R. K. last_name: Cochrane - first_name: J. S. full_name: Dunlop, J. S. last_name: Dunlop - first_name: S. R. full_name: Flury, S. R. last_name: Flury - first_name: J. E. full_name: Geach, J. E. last_name: Geach - first_name: C. L. full_name: Hale, C. L. last_name: Hale - first_name: E. full_name: Ibar, E. last_name: Ibar - first_name: Zefeng full_name: Li, Zefeng last_name: Li - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: R. J. full_name: Mclure, R. J. last_name: Mclure - first_name: L. full_name: Ossa-Fuentes, L. last_name: Ossa-Fuentes - first_name: A. L. full_name: Patrick, A. L. last_name: Patrick - first_name: D. full_name: Sobral, D. last_name: Sobral - first_name: A. M. full_name: Swinbank, A. M. last_name: Swinbank citation: ama: 'Stephenson HMO, Stott JP, Pirie CA, et al. The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;544(2):1412-1431. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1725' apa: 'Stephenson, H. M. O., Stott, J. P., Pirie, C. A., Duncan, K. J., Mcleod, D. J., Best, P. N., … Swinbank, A. M. (2025). The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1725' chicago: 'Stephenson, H. M.O., J. P. Stott, C. A. Pirie, K. J. Duncan, D. J. Mcleod, P. N. Best, M. Brinch, et al. “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The Sizes and Merger Fraction of Star-Forming Galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1725.' ieee: 'H. M. O. Stephenson et al., “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 544, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1412–1431, 2025.' ista: 'Stephenson HMO, Stott JP, Pirie CA, Duncan KJ, Mcleod DJ, Best PN, Brinch M, Clausen M, Cochrane RK, Dunlop JS, Flury SR, Geach JE, Hale CL, Ibar E, Li Z, Matthee JJ, Mclure RJ, Ossa-Fuentes L, Patrick AL, Sobral D, Swinbank AM. 2025. The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 544(2), 1412–1431.' mla: 'Stephenson, H. M. O., et al. “The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The Sizes and Merger Fraction of Star-Forming Galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 544, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 1412–31, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1725.' short: H.M.O. Stephenson, J.P. Stott, C.A. Pirie, K.J. Duncan, D.J. Mcleod, P.N. Best, M. Brinch, M. Clausen, R.K. Cochrane, J.S. Dunlop, S.R. Flury, J.E. Geach, C.L. Hale, E. Ibar, Z. Li, J.J. Matthee, R.J. Mclure, L. Ossa-Fuentes, A.L. Patrick, D. Sobral, A.M. Swinbank, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 544 (2025) 1412–1431. date_created: 2025-11-23T23:01:37Z date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:25:11Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1725 external_id: isi: - '001611415800001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: ddb3f429d2246bbf536efb4b0e52f3a8 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-11-24T10:35:15Z date_updated: 2025-11-24T10:35:15Z file_id: '20678' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Stephenson.pdf file_size: 3625308 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-11-24T10:35:15Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1725 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 544' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1412-1431 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 544 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20661' abstract: - lang: eng text: "We analyse James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) and Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) spectroscopic observations in the Abell 2744 galaxy cluster field. From approximately 120 candidates, we identify 12 objects with at least two prominent emission lines among [O II] λ3727, H β λ4861, [O III] λ4959, [O III] λ5007, and H α λ6563 that are spectroscopically confirmed by both instruments. Our key findings reveal systematic differences between the two spectrographs based on source morphology and shutter aperture placement. Compact objects show comparable or higher\r\nintegrated flux in NIRSpec relative to NIRISS (within 1σ uncertainties), while extended sources consistently display higher flux in NIRISS measurements. This pattern reflects NIRSpec’s optimal coverage for compact objects while potentially undersampling extended sources. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that NIRSpec recovers at least 63 per cent of NIRISS-measured flux when the slit covers >15 per cent of the source or when Re < 1 kpc. For lower coverage or larger effective radii, the recovered flux varies from 24 per cent to 63 per cent. When studying the H α λ6563/[O III] λ5007 emission line ratio, we observe that\r\nmeasurements from these different spectrographs can vary by up to ∼0.3 dex, with significant implications for metallicity and star formation rate characterizations for individual galaxies. These results highlight the importance of considering instrumental effects when combining multi-instrument spectroscopic data and demonstrate that source morphology critically influences flux\r\nrecovery between slit-based and slitless spectroscopic modes in JWST observations." acknowledgement: "This research was supported in part by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), through project number CE170100013. This research was supported in part by The Dr Albert Shimmins Fund through the Albert Shimmins Postgraduate Writing Up Award (University of Melbourne). This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programmes JWST-ERS-1324, JWST-GO-2561, and JWST-DDT-2756. BV and PW acknowledge support from the INAF Large Grant 2022 ‘Extragalactic Surveys with JWST’ (PI Pentericci), the INAF Mini\r\nGrant ‘1.05.24.07.01 RSN1: Spatially-Resolved Near-IR Emission of Intermediate-Redshift Jellyfish Galaxies’ (PI Watson), and are supported by the European Union – NextGenerationEU RFF M4C2 1.1 PRIN 2022 project 2022ZSL4BL INSIGHT. MB acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant FIRSTLIGHT and Slovenian national research agency ARIS through grants N1-0238 and P1-0188. " article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Nicolò full_name: Dalmasso, Nicolò last_name: Dalmasso - first_name: Peter J. full_name: Watson, Peter J. last_name: Watson - first_name: Tommaso full_name: Treu, Tommaso last_name: Treu - first_name: Michele full_name: Trenti, Michele last_name: Trenti - first_name: Benedetta full_name: Vulcani, Benedetta last_name: Vulcani - first_name: Themiya full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya last_name: Nanayakkara - first_name: Maruša full_name: Bradač, Maruša last_name: Bradač - first_name: Tucker full_name: Jones, Tucker last_name: Jones - first_name: Kristan full_name: Boyett, Kristan last_name: Boyett - first_name: Xin full_name: Wang, Xin last_name: Wang - first_name: Sara full_name: Mascia, Sara id: edaf889c-c7cd-11ef-ab1b-bb28c431bd29 last_name: Mascia - first_name: Laura full_name: Pentericci, Laura last_name: Pentericci citation: ama: 'Dalmasso N, Watson PJ, Treu T, et al. Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2025;544(2):1915-1925. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1837' apa: 'Dalmasso, N., Watson, P. J., Treu, T., Trenti, M., Vulcani, B., Nanayakkara, T., … Pentericci, L. (2025). Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1837' chicago: 'Dalmasso, Nicolò, Peter J. Watson, Tommaso Treu, Michele Trenti, Benedetta Vulcani, Themiya Nanayakkara, Maruša Bradač, et al. “Quantifying Spectroscopic Flux Variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit Losses in Emission Line Measurements of z ∼ 1-3 Galaxies.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1837.' ieee: 'N. Dalmasso et al., “Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 544, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1915–1925, 2025.' ista: 'Dalmasso N, Watson PJ, Treu T, Trenti M, Vulcani B, Nanayakkara T, Bradač M, Jones T, Boyett K, Wang X, Mascia S, Pentericci L. 2025. Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 544(2), 1915–1925.' mla: 'Dalmasso, Nicolò, et al. “Quantifying Spectroscopic Flux Variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit Losses in Emission Line Measurements of z ∼ 1-3 Galaxies.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 544, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2025, pp. 1915–25, doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1837.' short: N. Dalmasso, P.J. Watson, T. Treu, M. Trenti, B. Vulcani, T. Nanayakkara, M. Bradač, T. Jones, K. Boyett, X. Wang, S. Mascia, L. Pentericci, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 544 (2025) 1915–1925. date_created: 2025-11-23T23:01:38Z date_published: 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-01T15:23:21Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/staf1837 external_id: arxiv: - '2510.27036' isi: - '001615620500001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 2caff0a3b81fed114408377323298b43 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-11-24T09:02:04Z date_updated: 2025-11-24T09:02:04Z file_id: '20674' file_name: 2025_MonthlyNoticesRAS_Dalmasso.pdf file_size: 1952887 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-11-24T09:02:04Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1837 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 544' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1915-1925 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Quantifying spectroscopic flux variations between JWST NIRISS and NIRSpec: Slit losses in emission line measurements of z ∼ 1-3 galaxies' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 544 year: '2025' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '21064' abstract: - lang: eng text: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our knowledge of z > 5 galaxies and their actively accreting black holes. Using the JWST Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) in the lensing field A2744, we report the identification of a sample of little red dots at 3 < zphot < 7 that likely contain highly reddened accreting supermassive black holes. Using a NIRCam-only selection to F444W < 27.7 mag, we find 26 sources over the ∼45 arcmin^2 field that are blue in F115W − F200W ∼ 0 (or βUV ∼ –2.0 for fλ ∝ λ^β), red in F200W − F444W = 1−4 (βopt ∼ +2.0), and are dominated by a point-source-like central component. Of the 20 sources with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm coverage, none are detected individually or in a stack. For the majority of the sample, spectral energy distribution fits to the JWST+ALMA observations prefer models with hot dust rather than obscured star formation to reproduce the red NIRCam colors and ALMA 1.2 mm nondetections. While compact dusty star formation cannot be ruled out, the combination of extremely small sizes (〈re〉 ≈ 50 pc after correction for magnification), red rest-frame optical slopes, and hot dust can be explained by reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our targets have faint M1450 ≈ −14 to −18 mag but inferred bolometric luminosities of Lbol = 10^43–10^46 erg s^−1, reflecting their obscured nature. If the candidates are confirmed as AGNs with upcoming UNCOVER spectroscopy, then we have found an abundant population of reddened luminous AGNs that are at least ten times more numerous than UV-luminous AGNs at the same intrinsic bolometric luminosity. acknowledgement: 'I.L. acknowledges support from Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT220100798. J.E.G. and A.D.G acknowledge support from NSF/AAG grant #1007094, and J.E.G. also acknowledges support from NSF/AAG grant #1007052. L.J.F. and A.Z. acknowledge support by Grant No. 2020750 from the United States–Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), and by the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant #140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. P.D. acknowledges support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 (“ODIN”) and from the European Commission’s and University of Groningen’s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This paper makes use of the ALMA data: ADS/JAO. ALMA #2022.1.00073.S, 2018.1.00035.L, and 2013.1.00999.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.' article_number: '92' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbe, Ivo last_name: Labbe - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Seiji full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji last_name: Fujimoto - first_name: Lukas J. full_name: Furtak, Lukas J. last_name: Furtak - first_name: Andy D. full_name: Goulding, Andy D. last_name: Goulding - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Hakim full_name: Atek, Hakim last_name: Atek - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Iryna full_name: Chemerynska, Iryna last_name: Chemerynska - first_name: Dan full_name: Coe, Dan last_name: Coe - first_name: Sam E. full_name: Cutler, Sam E. last_name: Cutler - first_name: Pratika full_name: Dayal, Pratika last_name: Dayal - first_name: Robert full_name: Feldmann, Robert last_name: Feldmann - first_name: Marijn full_name: Franx, Marijn last_name: Franx - first_name: Karl full_name: Glazebrook, Karl last_name: Glazebrook - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Michael full_name: Maseda, Michael last_name: Maseda - first_name: Danilo full_name: Marchesini, Danilo last_name: Marchesini - first_name: Themiya full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya last_name: Nanayakkara - first_name: Erica J. full_name: Nelson, Erica J. last_name: Nelson - first_name: Richard full_name: Pan, Richard last_name: Pan - first_name: Casey full_name: Papovich, Casey last_name: Papovich - first_name: Sedona H. full_name: Price, Sedona H. last_name: Price - first_name: Katherine A. full_name: Suess, Katherine A. last_name: Suess - first_name: Bingjie 冰洁 full_name: Wang, Bingjie 冰洁 last_name: Wang - first_name: John R. full_name: Weaver, John R. last_name: Weaver - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Adi full_name: Zitrin, Adi last_name: Zitrin citation: ama: 'Labbe I, Greene JE, Bezanson R, et al. UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA. The Astrophysical Journal. 2024;978. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551' apa: 'Labbe, I., Greene, J. E., Bezanson, R., Fujimoto, S., Furtak, L. J., Goulding, A. D., … Zitrin, A. (2024). UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551' chicago: 'Labbe, Ivo, Jenny E. Greene, Rachel Bezanson, Seiji Fujimoto, Lukas J. Furtak, Andy D. Goulding, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551.' ieee: 'I. Labbe et al., “UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 978. IOP Publishing, 2024.' ista: 'Labbe I, Greene JE, Bezanson R, Fujimoto S, Furtak LJ, Goulding AD, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Oesch PA, Atek H, Brammer G, Chemerynska I, Coe D, Cutler SE, Dayal P, Feldmann R, Franx M, Glazebrook K, Leja J, Maseda M, Marchesini D, Nanayakkara T, Nelson EJ, Pan R, Papovich C, Price SH, Suess KA, Wang B冰洁, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE, Williams CC, Zitrin A. 2024. UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA. The Astrophysical Journal. 978, 92.' mla: 'Labbe, Ivo, et al. “UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 978, 92, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551.' short: I. Labbe, J.E. Greene, R. Bezanson, S. Fujimoto, L.J. Furtak, A.D. Goulding, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, P.A. Oesch, H. Atek, G. Brammer, I. Chemerynska, D. Coe, S.E. Cutler, P. Dayal, R. Feldmann, M. Franx, K. Glazebrook, J. Leja, M. Maseda, D. Marchesini, T. Nanayakkara, E.J. Nelson, R. Pan, C. Papovich, S.H. Price, K.A. Suess, B.冰洁 Wang, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, C.C. Williams, A. Zitrin, The Astrophysical Journal 978 (2024). date_created: 2026-01-28T15:26:12Z date_published: 2024-12-26T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:49:49Z day: '26' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551 external_id: arxiv: - '2306.07320' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 825c35ebd26e292c8a5c2bffac327854 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-02-10T06:44:24Z date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:44:24Z file_id: '21201' file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Labbe.pdf file_size: 5041924 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-02-10T06:44:24Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3551 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 978' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: The Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'UNCOVER: Candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 978 year: '2024' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' _id: '14852' abstract: - lang: eng text: The physical conditions giving rise to high escape fractions of ionizing radiation (LyC fesc) in star-forming galaxies – most likely protagonists of cosmic reionization – are not yet fully understood. Using the VLT/MUSE observations of ∼1400 Ly α emitters at 2.9 < z < 6.7, we compare stacked rest-frame UV spectra of candidates for LyC leakers and non-leakers selected based on their Ly α profiles. We find that the stacks of potential LyC leakers, i.e. galaxies with narrow, symmetric Ly α profiles with small peak separation, generally show (i) strong nebular O iii]λ1666, [Si iii]λ1883, and [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 emission, indicating a high-ionization state of the interstellar medium (ISM); (ii) high equivalent widths of He iiλ1640 (∼1 − 3 Å), suggesting the presence of hard ionizing radiation fields; (iii) Si ii*λ1533 emission, revealing substantial amounts of neutral hydrogen off the line of sight; (iv) high C ivλλ1548,1550 to [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 ratios (C iv/C iii] ≳0.75) , signalling the presence of low column density channels in the ISM. In contrast, the stacks with broad, asymmetric Ly α profiles with large peak separation show weak nebular emission lines, low He iiλ1640 equivalent widths (≲1 Å), and low C iv/C iii] (≲0.25), implying low-ionization states and high-neutral hydrogen column densities. Our results suggest that C iv/C iii] might be sensitive to the physical conditions that govern LyC photon escape, providing a promising tool for identification of ionizing sources among star-forming galaxies in the epoch of reionization. acknowledgement: 'We thank the anonymous referee for the constructive feedback that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Michael Maseda, Daniel Schaerer, Charlotte Simmonds, and Rashmi Gottumukkala for useful comments and productive discussions. We also thank the organizers and participants of the 24th MUSE Science Busy Week in Leiden. IGK acknowledges an Excellence Master Fellowship granted by the Faculty of Science of the University of Geneva. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant number 200020_207349 and SNSF Professorship grant number 190079. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant number 140. This paper is based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 094.A-0289(B), 095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), 096.A-0045(B), 094.A-0205, 095.A-0240, 096.A-0090, 097.A-0160, and 098.A-0017. We made extensive use of several open-source software packages and we are thankful to the respective authors for sharing their work: NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2022), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), IPYTHON (Perez & Granger 2007), and TOPCAT (Taylor 2005).' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Ivan full_name: Kramarenko, Ivan id: 9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4 last_name: Kramarenko orcid: 0000-0001-5346-6048 - first_name: J full_name: Kerutt, J last_name: Kerutt - first_name: A full_name: Verhamme, A last_name: Verhamme - first_name: P A full_name: Oesch, P A last_name: Oesch - first_name: L full_name: Barrufet, L last_name: Barrufet - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: H full_name: Kusakabe, H last_name: Kusakabe - first_name: I full_name: Goovaerts, I last_name: Goovaerts - first_name: T T full_name: Thai, T T last_name: Thai citation: ama: Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, et al. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2024;527(4):9853-9871. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3853 apa: Kramarenko, I., Kerutt, J., Verhamme, A., Oesch, P. A., Barrufet, L., Matthee, J. J., … Thai, T. T. (2024). Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853 chicago: Kramarenko, Ivan, J Kerutt, A Verhamme, P A Oesch, L Barrufet, Jorryt J Matthee, H Kusakabe, I Goovaerts, and T T Thai. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853. ieee: I. Kramarenko et al., “Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 9853–9871, 2024. ista: Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, Oesch PA, Barrufet L, Matthee JJ, Kusakabe H, Goovaerts I, Thai TT. 2024. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527(4), 9853–9871. mla: Kramarenko, Ivan, et al. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 9853–71, doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3853. short: I. Kramarenko, J. Kerutt, A. Verhamme, P.A. Oesch, L. Barrufet, J.J. Matthee, H. Kusakabe, I. Goovaerts, T.T. Thai, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (2024) 9853–9871. corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-01-22T08:22:17Z date_published: 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T11:51:50Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: GradSch - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad3853 external_id: arxiv: - '2305.07044' isi: - '001133672400004' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 9d02df4035c4951cf63dee0db1e462e9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z file_id: '14879' file_name: 2024_MNAstronomSoc_Kramarenko.pdf file_size: 4521738 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-01-23T12:30:45Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 527' isi: 1 issue: '4' keyword: - Space and Planetary Science - Astronomy and Astrophysics language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 9853-9871 publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at z ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 527 year: '2024' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' _id: '15170' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The James Webb Space Telescope is revealing a new population of dust-reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts z ≳ 5. Here we present deep NIRSpec/Prism spectroscopy from the Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) of 15 AGN candidates selected to be compact, with red continua in the rest-frame optical but with blue slopes in the UV. From NIRCam photometry alone, they could have been dominated by dusty star formation or an AGN. Here we show that the majority of the compact red sources in UNCOVER are dust-reddened AGN: 60% show definitive evidence for broad-line Hα with a FWHM > 2000 km s −1, 20% of the current data are inconclusive, and 20% are brown dwarf stars. We propose an updated photometric criterion to select red z > 5 AGN that excludes brown dwarfs and is expected to yield >80% AGN. Remarkably, among all zphot > 5 galaxies with F277W – F444W > 1 in UNCOVER at least 33% are AGN regardless of compactness, climbing to at least 80% AGN for sources with F277W – F444W > 1.6. The confirmed AGN have black hole masses of 107–109M⊙. While their UV luminosities (−16 > MUV > −20 AB mag) are low compared to UV-selected AGN at these epochs, consistent with percent-level scattered AGN light or low levels of unobscured star formation, the inferred bolometric luminosities are typical of 107–109M⊙ black holes radiating at ∼10%–40% the Eddington limit. The number densities are surprisingly high at ∼10−5 Mpc−3 mag−1, 100 times more common than the faintest UV-selected quasars, while accounting for ∼1% of the UV-selected galaxies. While their UV faintness suggests they may not contribute strongly to reionization, their ubiquity poses challenges to models of black hole growth.' acknowledgement: J.E.G. and A.D.G acknowledge support from NSF/AAG grant No. 1007094, and J.E.G. also acknowledges support from NSF/AAG grant No. 1007052. A.Z. acknowledges support by grant No. 2020750 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and grant No. 2109066 from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), and by the Ministry of Science & Technology of Israel. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) under grant No. 140. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. P.D. acknowledges support from the NWO grant 016.VIDI.189.162 ("ODIN") and from the European Commission's and University of Groningen's CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program. K.G. and T.N. acknowledge support from Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060. H.A. and I.C. acknowledge support from CNES, focused on the JWST mission, and the Programme National Cosmology and Galaxies (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU with INP and IN2P3, cofunded by CEA and CNES. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The research of C.C.W. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. B.W. acknowledges support from JWST-GO-02561.022-A. A.J.B. acknowledges funding support from NASA/ADAP grant 21-ADAP21-0187. Support for this work was provided by The Brinson Foundation through a Brinson Prize Fellowship grant. R.P.N. acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. C.P. thanks Marsha and Ralph Schilling for the generous support of this research. article_number: '39' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Jenny E. full_name: Greene, Jenny E. last_name: Greene - first_name: Ivo full_name: Labbe, Ivo last_name: Labbe - first_name: Andy D. full_name: Goulding, Andy D. last_name: Goulding - first_name: Lukas J. full_name: Furtak, Lukas J. last_name: Furtak - first_name: Iryna full_name: Chemerynska, Iryna last_name: Chemerynska - first_name: Vasily full_name: Kokorev, Vasily last_name: Kokorev - first_name: Pratika full_name: Dayal, Pratika last_name: Dayal - first_name: Marta full_name: Volonteri, Marta last_name: Volonteri - first_name: Christina C. full_name: Williams, Christina C. last_name: Williams - first_name: Bingjie full_name: Wang, Bingjie last_name: Wang - first_name: David J. full_name: Setton, David J. last_name: Setton - first_name: Adam J. full_name: Burgasser, Adam J. last_name: Burgasser - first_name: Rachel full_name: Bezanson, Rachel last_name: Bezanson - first_name: Hakim full_name: Atek, Hakim last_name: Atek - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Sam E. full_name: Cutler, Sam E. last_name: Cutler - first_name: Robert full_name: Feldmann, Robert last_name: Feldmann - first_name: Seiji full_name: Fujimoto, Seiji last_name: Fujimoto - first_name: Karl full_name: Glazebrook, Karl last_name: Glazebrook - first_name: Anna full_name: De Graaff, Anna last_name: De Graaff - first_name: Gourav full_name: Khullar, Gourav last_name: Khullar - first_name: Joel full_name: Leja, Joel last_name: Leja - first_name: Danilo full_name: Marchesini, Danilo last_name: Marchesini - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Tim B. full_name: Miller, Tim B. last_name: Miller - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Themiya full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya last_name: Nanayakkara - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Richard full_name: Pan, Richard last_name: Pan - first_name: Casey full_name: Papovich, Casey last_name: Papovich - first_name: Sedona H. full_name: Price, Sedona H. last_name: Price - first_name: Pieter full_name: Van Dokkum, Pieter last_name: Van Dokkum - first_name: John R. full_name: Weaver, John R. last_name: Weaver - first_name: Katherine E. full_name: Whitaker, Katherine E. last_name: Whitaker - first_name: Adi full_name: Zitrin, Adi last_name: Zitrin citation: ama: Greene JE, Labbe I, Goulding AD, et al. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5. Astrophysical Journal. 2024;964. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f apa: Greene, J. E., Labbe, I., Goulding, A. D., Furtak, L. J., Chemerynska, I., Kokorev, V., … Zitrin, A. (2024). UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5. Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f chicago: Greene, Jenny E., Ivo Labbe, Andy D. Goulding, Lukas J. Furtak, Iryna Chemerynska, Vasily Kokorev, Pratika Dayal, et al. “UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising Ubiquity of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z > 5.” Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f. ieee: J. E. Greene et al., “UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5,” Astrophysical Journal, vol. 964. IOP Publishing, 2024. ista: Greene JE, Labbe I, Goulding AD, Furtak LJ, Chemerynska I, Kokorev V, Dayal P, Volonteri M, Williams CC, Wang B, Setton DJ, Burgasser AJ, Bezanson R, Atek H, Brammer G, Cutler SE, Feldmann R, Fujimoto S, Glazebrook K, De Graaff A, Khullar G, Leja J, Marchesini D, Maseda MV, Matthee JJ, Miller TB, Naidu RP, Nanayakkara T, Oesch PA, Pan R, Papovich C, Price SH, Van Dokkum P, Weaver JR, Whitaker KE, Zitrin A. 2024. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5. Astrophysical Journal. 964, 39. mla: Greene, Jenny E., et al. “UNCOVER Spectroscopy Confirms the Surprising Ubiquity of Active Galactic Nuclei in Red Sources at z > 5.” Astrophysical Journal, vol. 964, 39, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f. short: J.E. Greene, I. Labbe, A.D. Goulding, L.J. Furtak, I. Chemerynska, V. Kokorev, P. Dayal, M. Volonteri, C.C. Williams, B. Wang, D.J. Setton, A.J. Burgasser, R. Bezanson, H. Atek, G. Brammer, S.E. Cutler, R. Feldmann, S. Fujimoto, K. Glazebrook, A. De Graaff, G. Khullar, J. Leja, D. Marchesini, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, T.B. Miller, R.P. Naidu, T. Nanayakkara, P.A. Oesch, R. Pan, C. Papovich, S.H. Price, P. Van Dokkum, J.R. Weaver, K.E. Whitaker, A. Zitrin, Astrophysical Journal 964 (2024). date_created: 2024-03-24T23:00:59Z date_published: 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T13:09:41Z day: '01' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f external_id: arxiv: - '2309.05714' isi: - '001184746500001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 389a880e176799d5c062ea7cb82d08c9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-03-25T08:02:43Z date_updated: 2024-03-25T08:02:43Z file_id: '15176' file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Greene.pdf file_size: 2700137 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-03-25T08:02:43Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e5f has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 964' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms the surprising ubiquity of active galactic nuclei in red sources at z > 5 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 964 year: '2024' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' OA_place: publisher OA_type: gold _id: '15249' abstract: - lang: eng text: Observationally mapping the relation between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is of key interest for studies of cosmic reionization. Diffuse hydrogen gas has typically been observed in H I Lyman-α (Lyα) absorption in the spectra of bright background quasars. However, it is important to extend these measurements to background galaxies as quasars become increasingly rare at high redshift and rarely probe closely separated sight lines. Here, we use deep integral field spectroscopy in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field to demonstrate the measurement of the Lyα transmission at z ≈ 4 in absorption to a background galaxy at z = 4.77. The H I transmission is consistent with independent quasar sight lines at similar redshifts. Exploiting the high number of spectroscopic redshifts of faint galaxies (500 between z = 4.0–4.7 within a radius of 8 arcmin) that are tracers of the density field, we show that Lyα transmission is inversely correlated with galaxy density, i.e. transparent regions in the Lyα forest mark underdense regions at z ≈ 4. Due to large-scale clustering, galaxies are surrounded by excess H I absorption over the cosmic mean out to 4 cMpc/h70. We also find that redshifts from the peak of the Lyα line are typically offset from the systemic redshift by +170 km s−1. This work extends results from z ≈ 2–3 to higher redshifts and demonstrates the power of deep integral field spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the ionization structure of the IGM and the large-scale density field in the early Universe. acknowledgement: We thank the referee for constructive comments that helped improving the paper. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 1101.A-0127. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, NOVA). JB acknowledges financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds PTDC/FIS-AST/4862/2020, work contract 2020.03379.CEECIND, and research grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. TU and LW acknowledge funding by the European Research Council through ERC-AdG SPECMAP-CGM, GA 101020943. TG is supported by the ERC Starting grant 757258 ‘TRIPLE’. article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Christopher full_name: Golling, Christopher last_name: Golling - first_name: Ruari full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Gabriele full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele last_name: Pezzulli - first_name: Simon full_name: Lilly, Simon last_name: Lilly - first_name: Joop full_name: Schaye, Joop last_name: Schaye - first_name: Roland full_name: Bacon, Roland last_name: Bacon - first_name: Haruka full_name: Kusakabe, Haruka last_name: Kusakabe - first_name: Tanya full_name: Urrutia, Tanya last_name: Urrutia - first_name: Leindert full_name: Boogaard, Leindert last_name: Boogaard - first_name: Jarle full_name: Brinchmann, Jarle last_name: Brinchmann - first_name: Michael V. full_name: Maseda, Michael V. last_name: Maseda - first_name: Thibault full_name: Garel, Thibault last_name: Garel - first_name: Nicolas F. full_name: Bouché, Nicolas F. last_name: Bouché - first_name: Lutz full_name: Wisotzki, Lutz last_name: Wisotzki citation: ama: Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, et al. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2024;529(3):2794-2806. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae673 apa: Matthee, J. J., Golling, C., Mackenzie, R., Pezzulli, G., Lilly, S., Schaye, J., … Wisotzki, L. (2024). Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673 chicago: Matthee, Jorryt J, Christopher Golling, Ruari Mackenzie, Gabriele Pezzulli, Simon Lilly, Joop Schaye, Roland Bacon, et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673. ieee: J. J. Matthee et al., “Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 529, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2794–2806, 2024. ista: Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, Pezzulli G, Lilly S, Schaye J, Bacon R, Kusakabe H, Urrutia T, Boogaard L, Brinchmann J, Maseda MV, Garel T, Bouché NF, Wisotzki L. 2024. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529(3), 2794–2806. mla: Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 529, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 2794–806, doi:10.1093/mnras/stae673. short: J.J. Matthee, C. Golling, R. Mackenzie, G. Pezzulli, S. Lilly, J. Schaye, R. Bacon, H. Kusakabe, T. Urrutia, L. Boogaard, J. Brinchmann, M.V. Maseda, T. Garel, N.F. Bouché, L. Wisotzki, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529 (2024) 2794–2806. corr_author: '1' date_created: 2024-03-31T22:01:12Z date_published: 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-04T13:18:02Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1093/mnras/stae673 external_id: arxiv: - '2305.15346' isi: - '001188770300019' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1e65c40a71e565eebdc4c5ff11822ba2 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-04-02T08:42:17Z date_updated: 2024-04-02T08:42:17Z file_id: '15255' file_name: 2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Matthee.pdf file_size: 2626735 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-04-02T08:42:17Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 529' isi: 1 issue: '3' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2794-2806 project: - _id: bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea grant_number: '101076224' name: Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1365-2966 issn: - 0035-8711 publication_status: published publisher: Oxford University Press quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 529 year: '2024' ... --- DOAJ_listed: '1' _id: '15405' abstract: - lang: eng text: We report JWST/NIRCam measurements of quasar host galaxy emissions and supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses for six quasars at 5.9 < z < 7.1 in the Emission-line galaxies and Intergalactic Gas in the Epoch of Reionization (EIGER) project. We obtain deep NIRCam imaging in the F115W, F200W, and F356W bands, as well as F356W grism spectroscopy of the quasars. We use bright unsaturated stars to construct models of the point-spread functions (PSFs) and estimate the errors of these PSFs. We then measure or constrain the fluxes and morphology of the quasar host galaxies by fitting the quasar images as a point source plus an exponential disk. We successfully detect the host galaxies of three quasars, which have host-to-quasar-flux ratios of ∼1%–5%. Spectral energy distribution fitting suggests that these quasar host galaxies have stellar masses of M* ≳ 1010M⊙. For quasars with host galaxy nondetections, we estimate the upper limits of their stellar masses. We use the grism spectra to measure the Hβ line profile and the continuum luminosity, then estimate the SMBH masses for the quasars. Our results indicate that the positive relation between SMBH masses and host galaxy stellar masses already exists at redshift z ≳ 6. The quasars in our sample show a high BH-to-stellar-mass ratio of MBH/M* ∼ 0.15, which is about ∼2 dex higher than local relations. We find that selection effects only contribute partially to the high MBH/M* ratios of high-redshift quasars. This result hints at a possible redshift evolution of the MBH–M* relation. acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for the valuable comments on this paper. We thank John Silverman, Madeline Marshall, MingYang Zhuang, Weizhe Liu, and Jinyi Yang for inspiring discussions and suggestions. D.K. is grateful for the support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21K13956. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope\r\nScience Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are\r\nassociated with program ID #1243. Facility: JWST (NIRCam) Software: astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), psfMC (Mechtley 2014), webbpsf (Perrin et al. 2014), jwst." article_number: '176' article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Minghao full_name: Yue, Minghao last_name: Yue - first_name: Anna Christina full_name: Eilers, Anna Christina last_name: Eilers - first_name: Robert A. full_name: Simcoe, Robert A. last_name: Simcoe - first_name: Ruari full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Daichi full_name: Kashino, Daichi last_name: Kashino - first_name: Rongmon full_name: Bordoloi, Rongmon last_name: Bordoloi - first_name: Simon J. full_name: Lilly, Simon J. last_name: Lilly - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu citation: ama: Yue M, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, et al. EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. Astrophysical Journal. 2024;966(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914 apa: Yue, M., Eilers, A. C., Simcoe, R. A., Mackenzie, R., Matthee, J. J., Kashino, D., … Naidu, R. P. (2024). EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914 chicago: Yue, Minghao, Anna Christina Eilers, Robert A. Simcoe, Ruari Mackenzie, Jorryt J Matthee, Daichi Kashino, Rongmon Bordoloi, Simon J. Lilly, and Rohan P. Naidu. “EIGER. V. Characterizing the Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914. ieee: M. Yue et al., “EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6,” Astrophysical Journal, vol. 966, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2024. ista: Yue M, Eilers AC, Simcoe RA, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Kashino D, Bordoloi R, Lilly SJ, Naidu RP. 2024. EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6. Astrophysical Journal. 966(2), 176. mla: Yue, Minghao, et al. “EIGER. V. Characterizing the Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars at z ≳ 6.” Astrophysical Journal, vol. 966, no. 2, 176, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914. short: M. Yue, A.C. Eilers, R.A. Simcoe, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, D. Kashino, R. Bordoloi, S.J. Lilly, R.P. Naidu, Astrophysical Journal 966 (2024). date_created: 2024-05-19T22:01:12Z date_published: 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:30:17Z day: '01' ddc: - '520' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914 external_id: isi: - '001214916200001' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 47b428f6209d8a6f9869031d9cb8dae6 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-05-21T11:13:25Z date_updated: 2024-05-21T11:13:25Z file_id: '15410' file_name: 2024_AstrophysicalJourn_Yue.pdf file_size: 4472346 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-05-21T11:13:25Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3914 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 966' isi: 1 issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Astrophysical Journal publication_identifier: eissn: - 1538-4357 issn: - 0004-637X publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: EIGER. V. Characterizing the host galaxies of luminous quasars at z ≳ 6 tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 966 year: '2024' ... --- OA_place: repository OA_type: green _id: '17090' abstract: - lang: eng text: Primordial neutral atomic gas, mostly composed of hydrogen, is the raw material for star formation in galaxies. However, there are few direct constraints on the amount of neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) in galaxies at early cosmic times. We analyzed James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near-infrared spectroscopy of distant galaxies, at redshifts ≳8. From a sample of 12 galaxies, we identified three that show strong damped Lyman-α absorption due to H i in their local surroundings. The galaxies are located at spectroscopic redshifts of 8.8, 10.2, and 11.4, corresponding to 400 to 600 million years after the Big Bang. They have H i column densities ≳1022 cm−2, which is an order of magnitude higher than expected for a fully neutral intergalactic medium, and constitute a gas-rich population of young star-forming galaxies. acknowledgement: K.E.H. acknowledges support from Carlsberg Foundation Reintegration Fellowship grant CF21-0103. A.H. acknowledges support from the VILLUM FONDEN under grant 37459. C.A.M. acknowledges support from the VILLUM FONDEN under grant 37459 and the Carlsberg Foundation under grant CF22-1322. N.R.T. was funded through Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant ST/W000857/1. R.P.N. acknowledges funding from JWST programs GO-1933 and GO-2279. R.P.N. was supported by the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under NASA contract NAS5-26555. P.A.O. received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072 and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Kasper E. full_name: Heintz, Kasper E. last_name: Heintz - first_name: Darach full_name: Watson, Darach last_name: Watson - first_name: Gabriel full_name: Brammer, Gabriel last_name: Brammer - first_name: Simone full_name: Vejlgaard, Simone last_name: Vejlgaard - first_name: Anne full_name: Hutter, Anne last_name: Hutter - first_name: Victoria B. full_name: Strait, Victoria B. last_name: Strait - first_name: Jorryt J full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720 last_name: Matthee orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X - first_name: Pascal A. full_name: Oesch, Pascal A. last_name: Oesch - first_name: Páll full_name: Jakobsson, Páll last_name: Jakobsson - first_name: Nial R. full_name: Tanvir, Nial R. last_name: Tanvir - first_name: Peter full_name: Laursen, Peter last_name: Laursen - first_name: Rohan P. full_name: Naidu, Rohan P. last_name: Naidu - first_name: Charlotte A. full_name: Mason, Charlotte A. last_name: Mason - first_name: Meghana full_name: Killi, Meghana last_name: Killi - first_name: Intae full_name: Jung, Intae last_name: Jung - first_name: Tiger Yu Yang full_name: Hsiao, Tiger Yu Yang last_name: Hsiao - first_name: Unknown full_name: Abdurro’Uf, Unknown last_name: Abdurro’Uf - first_name: Dan full_name: Coe, Dan last_name: Coe - first_name: Pablo Arrabal full_name: Haro, Pablo Arrabal last_name: Haro - first_name: Steven L. full_name: Finkelstein, Steven L. last_name: Finkelstein - first_name: Sune full_name: Toft, Sune last_name: Toft citation: ama: Heintz KE, Watson D, Brammer G, et al. Strong damped Lyman-a absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11. Science. 2024;384(6698):890-894. doi:10.1126/science.adj0343 apa: Heintz, K. E., Watson, D., Brammer, G., Vejlgaard, S., Hutter, A., Strait, V. B., … Toft, S. (2024). Strong damped Lyman-a absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11. Science. AAAS. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj0343 chicago: Heintz, Kasper E., Darach Watson, Gabriel Brammer, Simone Vejlgaard, Anne Hutter, Victoria B. Strait, Jorryt J Matthee, et al. “Strong Damped Lyman-a Absorption in Young Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshifts 9 to 11.” Science. AAAS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj0343. ieee: K. E. Heintz et al., “Strong damped Lyman-a absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11,” Science, vol. 384, no. 6698. AAAS, pp. 890–894, 2024. ista: Heintz KE, Watson D, Brammer G, Vejlgaard S, Hutter A, Strait VB, Matthee JJ, Oesch PA, Jakobsson P, Tanvir NR, Laursen P, Naidu RP, Mason CA, Killi M, Jung I, Hsiao TYY, Abdurro’Uf U, Coe D, Haro PA, Finkelstein SL, Toft S. 2024. Strong damped Lyman-a absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11. Science. 384(6698), 890–894. mla: Heintz, Kasper E., et al. “Strong Damped Lyman-a Absorption in Young Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshifts 9 to 11.” Science, vol. 384, no. 6698, AAAS, 2024, pp. 890–94, doi:10.1126/science.adj0343. short: K.E. Heintz, D. Watson, G. Brammer, S. Vejlgaard, A. Hutter, V.B. Strait, J.J. Matthee, P.A. Oesch, P. Jakobsson, N.R. Tanvir, P. Laursen, R.P. Naidu, C.A. Mason, M. Killi, I. Jung, T.Y.Y. Hsiao, U. Abdurro’Uf, D. Coe, P.A. Haro, S.L. Finkelstein, S. Toft, Science 384 (2024) 890–894. date_created: 2024-06-02T22:00:56Z date_published: 2024-05-24T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:43:13Z day: '24' department: - _id: JoMa doi: 10.1126/science.adj0343 external_id: isi: - '001230029500001' pmid: - '38781391' fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj0343 intvolume: ' 384' isi: 1 issue: '6698' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Strong_damped_Lyman-_absorption_in_young_star-forming_galaxies_at_redshifts_9_to_11/26069122?file=47174584 month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Submitted Version page: 890-894 pmid: 1 publication: Science publication_identifier: eissn: - 1095-9203 issn: - 0036-8075 publication_status: published publisher: AAAS quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Strong damped Lyman-a absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11 type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 384 year: '2024' ...