@article{19071, abstract = {An action of a complex reductive group G on a smooth projective variety X is regular when all regular unipotent elements in G act with finitely many fixed points. Then the complex G -equivariant cohomology ring of X is isomorphic to the coordinate ring of a certain regular fixed point scheme. Examples include partial flag varieties, smooth Schubert varieties and Bott-Samelson varieties. We also show that a more general version of the fixed point scheme allows a generalisation to GKM spaces, such as toric varieties.}, author = {Hausel, Tamás and Rychlewicz, Kamil P}, issn = {2491-6765}, journal = {Epijournal de Geometrie Algebrique}, publisher = {EPI Sciences}, title = {{Spectrum of equivariant cohomology as a fixed point scheme}}, doi = {10.46298/epiga.2025.12591}, volume = {9}, year = {2025}, } @article{19072, abstract = {Pathogenic fungal and bacterial cells are enveloped within a cell wall, a molecular barrier at their cell surface, and a critical architecture that constantly evolves during pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular composition, structural organization, and mobility of polysaccharides constituting this cell envelope is crucial to correlate cell wall organization with its role in pathogenicity and to identify potential antifungal targets. For the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the characterization of the cell envelope has been complexified by the presence of an additional external polysaccharide capsular shell. Here, we investigate how magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR techniques increase the analytical capabilities to characterize the structure and dynamics of this encapsulated pathogen. The versatility of proton detection experiments, dynamic-based filters, and relaxation measurements facilitate the discrimination of the highly mobile external capsular structure from the internal rigid cell wall of C. neoformans. In addition, we report the in situ detection of triglyceride molecules from lipid droplets based on NMR dynamic filters. Together, we demonstrate a nondestructive technique to study the cell wall architecture of encapsulated microbes using C. neoformans as a model, an airborne opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects mainly immunocompromised but also competent hosts.}, author = {Lends, Alons and Lamon, Gaelle and Delcourte, Loic and Sturny-Leclere, Aude and Grélard, Axelle and Morvan, Estelle and Abdul-Shukkoor, Muhammed Bilal and Berbon, Mélanie and Vallet, Alicia and Habenstein, Birgit and Dufourc, Erick J. and Schanda, Paul and Aimanianda, Vishukumar and Loquet, Antoine}, issn = {1520-5126}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, number = {8}, pages = {6813--6824}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, title = {{Molecular distinction of cell wall and capsular polysaccharides in encapsulated pathogens by in situ magic-angle spinning NMR techniques}}, doi = {10.1021/jacs.4c16975}, volume = {147}, year = {2025}, } @article{19073, abstract = {The rapid development of superconducting quantum hardware is expected to run into substantial restrictions on scalability because error correction in a cryogenic environment has stringent input–output requirements. Classical data centres rely on fibre-optic interconnects to remove similar networking bottlenecks. In the same spirit, ultracold electro-optic links have been proposed and used to generate qubit control signals, or to replace cryogenic readout electronics. So far, these approaches have suffered from either low efficiency, low bandwidth or additional noise. Here we realize radio-over-fibre qubit readout at millikelvin temperatures. We use one device to simultaneously perform upconversion and downconversion between microwave and optical frequencies and so do not require any active or passive cryogenic microwave equipment. We demonstrate all-optical single-shot readout in a circulator-free readout scheme. Importantly, we do not observe any direct radiation impact on the qubit state, despite the absence of shielding elements. This compatibility between superconducting circuits and telecom-wavelength light is not only a prerequisite to establish modular quantum networks, but it is also relevant for multiplexed readout of superconducting photon detectors and classical superconducting logic.}, author = {Arnold, Georg M and Werner, Thomas and Sahu, Rishabh and Kapoor, Lucky and Qiu, Liu and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {1745-2481}, journal = {Nature Physics}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{All-optical superconducting qubit readout}}, doi = {10.1038/s41567-024-02741-4}, volume = {21}, year = {2025}, } @article{19074, abstract = {The public goods game is among the most studied metaphors of cooperation in groups. In this game, individuals can use their endowments to make contributions towards a good that benefits everyone. Each individual, however, is tempted to free-ride on the contributions of others. Herein, we study repeated public goods games among asymmetric players. Previous work has explored to which extent asymmetry allows for full cooperation, such that players contribute their full endowment each round. However, by design that work focusses on equilibria where individuals make the same contribution each round. Instead, here we consider players whose contributions along the equilibrium path can change from one round to the next. We do so for three different models – one without any budget constraints, one with endowment constraints, and one in which individuals can save their current endowment to be used in subsequent rounds. In each case, we explore two key quantities: the welfare and the resource efficiency that can be achieved in equilibrium. Welfare corresponds to the sum of all players’ payoffs. Resource efficiency relates this welfare to the total contributions made by the players. Compared to constant contribution sequences, we find that time-dependent contributions can improve resource efficiency across all three models. Moreover, they can improve the players’ welfare in the model with savings.}, author = {Hübner, Valentin and Hilbe, Christian and Staab, Manuel and Kleshnina, Maria and Chatterjee, Krishnendu}, issn = {2153-0793}, journal = {Dynamic Games and Applications}, pages = {1617--1645}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Time-dependent strategies in repeated asymmetric public goods games}}, doi = {10.1007/s13235-025-00627-5}, volume = {15}, year = {2025}, } @article{19075, abstract = {Thermoelectric (TE) materials can convert the heat produced during biochemical reactions into electrical signals, enabling the self-powered detection of biomarkers. In this work, we design and fabricate a simple Ag2Se nanofilm-based TE biosensor to precisely quantify hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in liquid samples. A chemical reaction involving horseradish peroxidase, ABTS and H2O2 in the specimens produces a photothermal agent—ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical, which triggers the heat fluctuations at the TE sensor through the photo-thermal effect, eventually enabling the sensing of H2O2. Consequently, the constructed sensor can achieve a detection limit of 0.26 μM by a three-leg TE device design. Further investigations suggest that the application of our TE sensor can be extended in testing H2O2 in beverages (including milk, soda water, and lemonade) and evaluating the load of bacterial pathogens relevant to dental diseases and infections including Streptococcus sanguinis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high analytical accuracy. This strategy utilizes the combination of high thermoelectric performance with chemical reactions to realize a straightforward and accurate biomarker detection method, making it suitable for applications in medical diagnostics, personalized health monitoring, and the food industry.}, author = {Ma, Huangshui and Pu, Shiyu and Jia, Shiyu and Xu, Shengduo and Yu, Qiwei and Yang, Lei and Wu, Hao and Sun, Qiang}, issn = {2040-3372}, journal = {Nanoscale}, number = {10}, pages = {5858--5868}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, title = {{Laser-assisted thermoelectric-enhanced hydrogen peroxide biosensors based on Ag2Se nanofilms for sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens}}, doi = {10.1039/d4nr04860a}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, } @article{19076, abstract = {For accurate perception and motor control, an animal must distinguish between sensory experiences elicited by external stimuli and those elicited by its own actions. The diversity of behaviors and their complex influences on the senses make this distinction challenging. Here, we uncover an action–cue hub that coordinates motor commands with visual processing in the brain’s first visual relay. We show that the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) acts as a corollary discharge center, integrating visual translational optic flow signals with motor copies from saccades, locomotion and pupil dynamics. The vLGN relays these signals to correct action-specific visual distortions and to refine perception, as shown for the superior colliculus and in a depth-estimation task. Simultaneously, brain-wide vLGN projections drive corrective actions necessary for accurate visuomotor control. Our results reveal an extended corollary discharge architecture that refines early visual transformations and coordinates actions via a distributed hub-and-spoke network to enable visual perception during action.}, author = {Vega Zuniga, Tomas A and Sumser, Anton L and Symonova, Olga and Koppensteiner, Peter and Schmidt, Florian and Jösch, Maximilian A}, issn = {1546-1726}, journal = {Nature Neuroscience}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{A thalamic hub-and-spoke network enables visual perception during action by coordinating visuomotor dynamics}}, doi = {10.1038/s41593-025-01874-w}, volume = {28}, year = {2025}, } @article{19080, abstract = {We examine mesoscale convective organisation in the tropical western Pacific using a multivariate analysis of column humidity, precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) observations. We demonstrate that in boreal summer and autumn, convection remains spatially random despite radiative-feedbacks acting to aggregate convection, which we attribute to the high density of convective moisture sources and the role of wind shear. Instead, in winter and spring, a weak meridional SST gradient exists and convection is usually clustered over the regions of warmer SSTs, with significant meridional humidity gradients. However, this is sporadically interrupted by episodes of convection migration to the coldest SSTs and limited spatial humidity variance. These episodes are the result of westward propagating equatorial waves, which remove meridional humidity gradients. It appears that the drivers of mesoscale convective clustering and humidity variability in the Pacific warm pool are the SST gradients, shear, and equatorial wave dynamics.}, author = {Tompkins, Adrian Mike and Casallas Garcia, Alejandro and De Vera, Michie Vianca}, issn = {2397-3722}, journal = {npj Climate and Atmospheric Science}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Drivers of mesoscale convective aggregation and spatial humidity variability in the tropical western Pacific}}, doi = {10.1038/s41612-024-00848-2}, volume = {8}, year = {2025}, } @article{19276, abstract = {Impurity motion in a many-body environment has been a central issue in the field of low-temperature physics for decades. In bosonic quantum fluids, the onset of a drag force experienced by point-like objects is due to collective environment excitations, driven by the exchange of linear momentum between the impurity and the many-body bath. In this work we consider a rotating impurity, with the aim of exploring how angular momentum is exchanged with the surrounding bosonic environment. In order to elucidate these issues, we employ a quasiparticle approach based on the angulon theory, which allows us to effectively deal with the non-trivial algebra of quantized angular momentum in the presence of a many-body environment. We uncover how impurity dressing by environmental excitations can establish an exchange channel, whose effectiveness crucially depends on the initial state of the impurity. Remarkably, we find that there is a critical value of initial angular momentum, above which this channel effectively freezes.}, author = {Cappellaro, Alberto and Bighin, Giacomo and Cherepanov, Igor and Lemeshko, Mikhail}, issn = {1089-7690}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics}, number = {7}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Environment-limited transfer of angular momentum in Bose liquids}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0253451}, volume = {162}, year = {2025}, } @article{19277, abstract = {Light-driven molecular rotary motors perform chirality-controlled unidirectional rotations fueled by light and heat. This unique function renders them appealing for the construction of dynamic molecular systems, actuating materials, and molecular machines. Achieving a combination of high photoefficiency, visible-light responsiveness, synthetic accessibility, and easy tuning of dynamic properties within a single scaffold is critical for these applications but remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, a series of highly photoefficient visible-light–responsive molecular motors (MMs), featuring various rotary speeds, was obtained by a convenient one-step formylation of their parent motors. This strategy greatly improves all aspects of the performance of MMs—red-shifted wavelengths of excitation, high photoisomerization quantum yields, and high photostationary state distributions of isomers—beyond the state-of-the-art light-responsive MM systems. The development of this late-stage functionalization strategy of MMs opens avenues for the construction of high-performance molecular machines and devices for applications in materials science and biological systems, representing a major advance in the synthetic toolbox of molecular machines.}, author = {Sheng, Jinyu and Van Beek, Carlijn L.F. and Stindt, Charlotte N. and Danowski, Wojciech and Jankowska, Joanna and Crespi, Stefano and Pooler, Daisy R.S. and Hilbers, Michiel F. and Buma, Wybren Jan and Feringa, Ben L.}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {8}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{General strategy for boosting the performance of speed-tunable rotary molecular motors with visible light}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adr9326}, volume = {11}, year = {2025}, } @article{19278, abstract = {When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification: nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively, but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it.}, author = {Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A and Pertl, Felix and Balazs, Daniel and Costanzo, Tommaso and Sauer, Markus and Foelske, Annette and Ostermann, Markus and Pichler, Christian M. and Wang, Yongkang and Nagata, Yuki and Bonn, Mischa and Waitukaitis, Scott R}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, number = {8051}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6}, volume = {638}, year = {2025}, } @article{19279, abstract = {Recent experimental advances in nanofluidics have allowed to explore ion transport across molecular-scale pores, in particular, for iontronic applications. Two-dimensional nanochannels—in which a single molecular layer of electrolyte is confined between solid walls—constitute a unique platform to investigate fluid and ion transport in extreme confinement, highlighting unconventional transport properties. In this work, we study ionic association in 2D nanochannels, and its consequences on non-linear ionic transport, using both molecular dynamics simulations and analytical theory. We show that under sufficient confinement, ions assemble into pairs or larger clusters in a process analogous to a Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, here modified by the dielectric confinement. We further show that the breaking of pairs results in an electric-field dependent conduction, a mechanism usually known as the second Wien effect. However the 2D nature of the system results in non-universal, temperature-dependent, scaling of the conductivity with electric field, leading to ionic coulomb blockade in some regimes. A 2D generalization of the Onsager theory fully accounts for the non-linear transport. These results suggest ways to exploit electrostatic interactions between ions to build new nanofluidic devices.}, author = {Toquer, Damien and Bocquet, Lydéric and Robin, Paul}, issn = {1089-7690}, journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Ionic association and Wien effect in 2D confined electrolytes}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0241949}, volume = {162}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{19281, abstract = {In this work, we consider the list-decodability and list-recoverability of codes in the zero-rate regime. Briefly, a code 𝒞 ⊆ [q]ⁿ is (p,𝓁,L)-list-recoverable if for all tuples of input lists (Y₁,… ,Y_n) with each Y_i ⊆ [q] and |Y_i| = 𝓁, the number of codewords c ∈ 𝒞 such that c_i ∉ Y_i for at most pn choices of i ∈ [n] is less than L; list-decoding is the special case of 𝓁 = 1. In recent work by Resch, Yuan and Zhang (ICALP 2023) the zero-rate threshold for list-recovery was determined for all parameters: that is, the work explicitly computes p_*: = p_*(q,𝓁,L) with the property that for all ε > 0 (a) there exist positive-rate (p_*-ε,𝓁,L)-list-recoverable codes, and (b) any (p_*+ε,𝓁,L)-list-recoverable code has rate 0. In fact, in the latter case the code has constant size, independent on n. However, the constant size in their work is quite large in 1/ε, at least |𝒞| ≥ (1/(ε))^O(q^L). Our contribution in this work is to show that for all choices of q,𝓁 and L with q ≥ 3, any (p_*+ε,𝓁,L)-list-recoverable code must have size O_{q,𝓁,L}(1/ε), and furthermore this upper bound is complemented by a matching lower bound Ω_{q,𝓁,L}(1/ε). This greatly generalizes work by Alon, Bukh and Polyanskiy (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2018) which focused only on the case of binary alphabet (and thus necessarily only list-decoding). We remark that we can in fact recover the same result for q = 2 and even L, as obtained by Alon, Bukh and Polyanskiy: we thus strictly generalize their work. Our main technical contribution is to (a) properly define a linear programming relaxation of the list-recovery condition over large alphabets; and (b) to demonstrate that a certain function defined on a q-ary probability simplex is maximized by the uniform distribution. This represents the core challenge in generalizing to larger q (as a binary simplex can be naturally identified with a one-dimensional interval). We can subsequently re-utilize certain Schur convexity and convexity properties established for a related function by Resch, Yuan and Zhang along with ideas of Alon, Bukh and Polyanskiy.}, author = {Resch, Nicolas and Yuan, Chen and Zhang, Yihan}, booktitle = {16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference}, isbn = {9783959773614}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {New York, NY, United States}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Tight bounds on list-decodable and list-recoverable zero-rate codes}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.82}, volume = {325}, year = {2025}, } @article{19282, abstract = {Osmium complexes with osmium in different oxidation states (II, III, IV, and VI) have been reported to exhibit antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines. Herein, we demonstrate unexplored opportunities offered by 187Os nuclear forward scattering (NFS) and nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) of synchrotron radiation for characterization of hyperfine interactions and lattice dynamics in a benchmark Os(VI) complex, K2[OsO2(OH)4]. We determined the isomer shift [δ = 3.3(1) millimeters per second] relative to [OsIVCl6]2− and quadrupole splitting [ΔEQ = 12.0(2) millimeters per second] with NFS. We estimated the Lamb-Mössbauer factor [0.80(4)], extracted the density of phonon states, and carried out a thermodynamics characterization using the NIS data combined with first-principles calculations. Overall, we provide evidence that 187Os nuclear resonance scattering is a reliable technique for the investigation of hyperfine interactions and Os-specific vibrations in osmium(VI) species and is thus applicable for such measurements in osmium complexes of other oxidation states, including those with anticancer activity such as Os(III) and Os(IV).}, author = {Stepanenko, Iryna and Huang, Zhishuo and Ungur, Liviu and Bessas, Dimitrios and Chumakov, Aleksandr and Sergueev, Ilya and Büchel, Gabriel E. and Al-Kahtani, Abdullah A. and Chibotaru, Liviu F. and Telser, Joshua and Arion, Vladimir B.}, issn = {2375-2548}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {6}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{187Os nuclear resonance scattering to explore hyperfine interactions and lattice dynamics for biological applications}}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.ads3406}, volume = {11}, year = {2025}, } @article{19283, abstract = {Context. The presence of dips in the gravity mode period spacing versus period diagram of γ Doradus stars is now well established thanks to recent asteroseismic studies. Such Lorentzian-shaped inertial dips arise from the interaction of gravito-inertial modes in the radiative envelope of intermediate-mass main sequence stars with pure inertial modes in their convective core, and allow us to study stellar internal properties. This window onto stellar internal dynamics is extremely valuable in the context of the understanding of angular-momentum transport inside stars, as it allows us to probe rotation in their core. Aims. We investigate the signature and the detectability of a differential rotation between the convective core and the near-core region inside γ Doradus stars from the properties of inertial dips. Methods. We studied the coupling between gravito-inertial modes in the radiative zone and pure inertial modes in the convective core in the sub-inertial regime, allowing for a two-zone differential rotation from the two sides of the core-to-envelope boundary. We solved the coupling equation numerically and matched the result to an analytical derivation of the Lorentzian dip properties. We then used typical values of measured near-core rotation and buoyancy travel time to infer ranges of parameters for which differential core to near-core rotation would be detectable in current Kepler data. Results. We show that increasing the convective core rotation with respect to the near-core rotation leads to a shift of the period of the observed dip to lower periods. In addition, the dip gets deeper and thinner as the convective core rotation increases. We demonstrate that such a signature is detectable in Kepler data, given appropriate dip-parameter ranges and near-core structural properties. Conclusions. Studying the dip properties in asteroseismic data thus allows us to access core to near-core radial differential rotation and to better understand the transport of angular momentum at convective–radiative interfaces in intermediate-mass main sequence stars.}, author = {Barrault, Lucas and Mathis, S. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Constraining differential rotation in γ Doradus stars from the properties of inertial dips}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202451541}, volume = {694}, year = {2025}, } @article{19284, abstract = {The Hα nebular emission line is an optimal tracer for recent star formation in galaxies. With the advent of JWST, this line has recently become observable at z > 3 for the first time. We present a catalog of 1050 Hα emitters at 3.7 < z < 6.7 in the GOODS fields obtained from a blind search in JWST NIRCam/grism data. We made use of the FRESCO survey’s 124 arcmin2 of observations in GOODS-North and GOODS-South with the F444W filter, probing Hα at 4.9 < z < 6.7, and the CONGRESS survey’s 62 arcmin2 of observations in GOODS-North with F356W, probing Hα at 3.8 < z < 5.1. We found an overdensity with 98 sources at z ∼ 4.4 in GOODS-N, and confirmed previously reported overdensities at z ∼ 5.2 in GOODS-N and at z ∼ 5.4 and z ∼ 5.9 in GOODS-S. We computed the observed Hα luminosity functions (LFs) in three bins centered at z ∼ 4.45, 5.30, and 6.15, which are the first such measurements at z > 3 obtained based purely on spectroscopic data, robustly tracing galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) beyond the peak of the cosmic star formation history. We compared our results with theoretical predictions from three different simulations and found good agreement at z ∼ 4 − 6. The UV LFs of this spectroscopically confirmed sample are in good agreement with pre-JWST measurements obtained with photometrically selected objects. Finally, we derived SFR functions and integrated them to compute the evolution of the cosmic SFR densities across z ∼ 4 − 6, finding values in good agreement with recent UV estimates from Lyman-break galaxies, which imply a continuous decrease in SFR density by a factor of three over z ∼ 4 to z ∼ 6. Our work shows the power of NIRCam grism observations to efficiently provide new tests for early galaxy formation models based on emission line statistics.}, author = {Covelo-Paz, Alba and Giovinazzo, Emma and Oesch, Pascal A. and Meyer, Romain A. and Weibel, Andrea and Brammer, Gabriel and Fudamoto, Yoshinobu and Kerutt, Josephine and Lin, Jamie and Matharu, Jasleen and Naidu, Rohan P. and Velichko, Anna and Bollo, Victoria and Bouwens, Rychard and Chisholm, John and Illingworth, Garth D. and Kramarenko, Ivan and Magee, Daniel and Maseda, Michael and Matthee, Jorryt J and Nelson, Erica and Reddy, Naveen and Schaerer, Daniel and Stefanon, Mauro and Xiao, Mengyuan}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{An Hα view of galaxy buildup in the first 2 Gyr: Luminosity functions at z ∼ 4−6.5 from NIRCam/grism spectroscopy}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202452363}, volume = {694}, year = {2025}, } @misc{19294, abstract = {Active regulation of gene expression, orchestrated by complex interactions of activators and repressors at promoters, controls the fate of organisms. In contrast, basal expression at uninduced promoters is considered to be a dynamically inert mode of non-functional “promoter leakiness”, merely a byproduct of transcriptional regulation. Here, we investigate the basal expression mode of the mar operon, the main regulator of intrinsic multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, and link its dynamic properties to the non-canonical, yet highly conserved start codon of marR across Enterobacteriaceae. Real-time, single-cell measurements across tens of generations reveal that basal expression consists of rare stochastic gene expression pulses, which maximize variability in wildtype and, surprisingly, transiently accelerate cellular elongation rates. Competition experiments show that basal expression confers fitness advantages to wildtype across several transitions between exponential and stationary growth by shortening lag times. The dynamically rich basal expression of the mar operon has likely been evolutionarily maintained for its role in growth homeostasis of Enterobacteria within the gut environment, thereby allowing other ancillary gene regulatory roles to evolve, e.g. control of costly-to-induce multi-drug efflux pumps. Understanding the complex selection forces governing genetic systems involved in intrinsic multi-drug resistance is crucial for effective public health measures.}, author = {Jain, Kirti and Hauschild, Robert and Bochkareva, Olga and Römhild, Roderich and Tkačik, Gašper and Guet, Calin C}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data for "Pulsatile basal gene expression as a fitness determinant in bacteria"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:19294}, year = {2025}, } @article{19363, abstract = {For a general family of non-negative functions matching upper and lower bounds are established for their average over the values of any equidistributed sequence.}, author = {Chan, Yik Tung and Koymans, Peter and Pagano, Carlo and Sofos, Efthymios}, issn = {0022-314X}, journal = {Journal of Number Theory}, pages = {1--36}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Averages of multiplicative functions along equidistributed sequences}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jnt.2025.01.005}, volume = {273}, year = {2025}, } @article{19364, abstract = {Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are pivotal in modern heat management but face limitations in efficiency and manufacturing scalability. We address these challenges by using an extrusion-based 3D printing technique to fabricate high-performance thermoelectric materials. Our ink formulations ensure the integrity of the 3D-printed structure and effective particle bonding during sintering, achieving record-high figure of merit (zT) values of 1.42 for p-type bismuth antimony telluride [(Bi,Sb)2Te3] and 1.3 for n-type silver selenide (Ag2Se) materials at room temperature. The resulting TEC demonstrates a cooling temperature gradient of 50°C in air. Moreover, this scalable and cost-effective method circumvents energy-intensive and time-consuming steps, such as ingot preparation and subsequently machining processes, offering a transformative solution for thermoelectric device production and heralding a new era of efficient and sustainable thermoelectric technologies.}, author = {Xu, Shengduo and Horta, Sharona and Lawal, Abayomi Q and Maji, Krishnendu and Lorion, Magali and Ibáñez, Maria}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6736}, pages = {845--850}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Interfacial bonding enhances thermoelectric cooling in 3D-printed materials}}, doi = {10.1126/science.ads0426}, volume = {387}, year = {2025}, } @article{19365, abstract = {We present a comprehensive analysis of H i absorption around 96 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 3.3 (median Lyα luminosity ≈1042 erg s−1). These LAEs were identified within eight MUSE fields, each (math. formular) on the sky and centered on a bright background quasar, as part of the MUSEQuBES survey. Using Voigt profile fitting for all H i absorbers detected within ±​​​​​​500 km s−1 of these LAEs, we compiled a catalog of 800 H i absorption components. Our analysis shows that H i absorption is enhanced near the LAEs compared to the intergalactic medium. However, no trend is found between the column densities of H i absorbers and their impact parameters from the LAEs (spanning ​​​​​​≈54–260 pkpc). Additionally, all galaxies associated with Lyman-limit systems have impact parameters >50 pkpc from the quasar sightlines, suggesting that true absorber hosts may be too faint to detect. The LAEs show an overall H i covering fraction (fc(H i)) of ≈88% for a threshold (math. formular) (H i) = 15. Notably, at the same threshold, the LAEs in pairs/groups exhibit a 100% H i covering fraction out to ≈250 pkpc. In contrast, isolated LAEs consistently show a lower fc(H i) of ≈80%. This environmental influence on fc(H i) is also evident up to ≈300 km s−1 in differential bins of line-of-sight velocity. We find an anticorrelation between fc(H i) and the equivalent width of rest-frame Lyα emission (EW0). Based on the Lyα shell model, this could imply that gas-rich galaxies tend to reside in gas-rich environments or that the LAEs with higher EW0 are more efficient at ionizing their surrounding medium.}, author = {Banerjee, Eshita and Muzahid, Sowgat and Schaye, Joop and Blaizot, Jérémy and Bouché, Nicolas and Cantalupo, Sebastiano and Johnson, Sean D. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Verhamme, Anne}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{MUSEQuBES: Connecting H i Absorption with Lyα emitters at z ≈ 3.3}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ada7e9}, volume = {980}, year = {2025}, } @article{19366, abstract = {Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common causative agents of mammary gland infection and mastitis, but the specific role of S. aureus-derived extracellular vesicles (SaEVs) in mastitis has been poorly studied to date. Here, we aimed to investigate the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (boMdM) to SaEVs of the genotype B (GTB) mastitis-related strain M5512B. Specifically, we evaluated the effects on the actin cytoskeleton, gene expression, and the SaEV proteomic cargo. Furthermore, we assessed to what extent the cellular and molecular response of boMdM to SaEVs differed from peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) used for in vitro derivation of the former. We observed that SaEVs induced morphological changes in boMdM, leading to a pro-inflammatory and pyroptosis-related increased gene expression. Additionally, our study revealed that boMdM and PBMCs exhibited stimulus-specific differing responses. The proteomic analysis of SaEVs identified clusters of proteins related to virulence and antibiotic resistance, supporting the theory that S. aureus might use EVs to evade host defences and colonize the mammary gland. Our results bring new insights into how SaEVs might impact the host during an S. aureus infection, which can be useful for future S. aureus vaccine development.}, author = {Saenz-De-Juano, Mara D. and Silvestrelli, Giulia and Buri, Samuel and Zinsli, Léa V. and Schmelcher, Mathias and Ulbrich, Susanne E.}, issn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, pages = {6059}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus-derived extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory response in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-90466-6}, volume = {15}, year = {2025}, }