[{"date_updated":"2026-05-05T08:16:47Z","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","type":"conference","date_published":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"None","date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:47Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"     13375","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Roques-Carmes, Charles, Yannick Salamin, Seou Choi, Michael Horodynski, Jamison Sloan, Di Luo, and Marin Soljacic. “Stochastic Computing with Biased Optical Parametric Oscillators.” In <i>AI and Optical Data Sciences VI</i>, Vol. 13375. SPIE, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014</a>.","short":"C. Roques-Carmes, Y. Salamin, S. Choi, M. Horodynski, J. Sloan, D. Luo, M. Soljacic, in:, AI and Optical Data Sciences VI, SPIE, 2025.","ieee":"C. Roques-Carmes <i>et al.</i>, “Stochastic computing with biased optical parametric oscillators,” in <i>AI and Optical Data Sciences VI</i>, San Francisco, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 13375.","mla":"Roques-Carmes, Charles, et al. “Stochastic Computing with Biased Optical Parametric Oscillators.” <i>AI and Optical Data Sciences VI</i>, vol. 13375, 133750N, SPIE, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014\">10.1117/12.3037014</a>.","apa":"Roques-Carmes, C., Salamin, Y., Choi, S., Horodynski, M., Sloan, J., Luo, D., &#38; Soljacic, M. (2025). Stochastic computing with biased optical parametric oscillators. In <i>AI and Optical Data Sciences VI</i> (Vol. 13375). San Francisco, CA, United States: SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014</a>","ista":"Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, Choi S, Horodynski M, Sloan J, Luo D, Soljacic M. 2025. Stochastic computing with biased optical parametric oscillators. AI and Optical Data Sciences VI. OPTO vol. 13375, 133750N.","ama":"Roques-Carmes C, Salamin Y, Choi S, et al. Stochastic computing with biased optical parametric oscillators. In: <i>AI and Optical Data Sciences VI</i>. Vol 13375. SPIE; 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014\">10.1117/12.3037014</a>"},"volume":13375,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3037014","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.3037014","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["9781510684980"],"eissn":["0277-786X"]},"day":"21","conference":{"start_date":"2025-01-25","end_date":"2025-01-31","name":"OPTO","location":"San Francisco, CA, United States"},"publication":"AI and Optical Data Sciences VI","year":"2025","_id":"21576","status":"public","month":"03","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Stochastic computing with biased optical parametric oscillators","scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"closed access","article_number":"133750N ","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In quantum optics, optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) have long served as testbeds for exploring quantum states and generating randomness. Here, we demonstrate that by applying vacuum-level coherent biasing, OPOs can be engineered as versatile hardware elements for stochastic computing. Specifically, we present a time-multiplexed, biased OPO system that enables discriminative and generative machine learning tasks, such as uncertainty-aware classification and the generation of MNIST digits directly from quantum vacuum noise. Beyond machine learning, we propose the use of biased OPO arrays for implementing fundamental stochastic logic gates and solving combinatorial optimization problems. Finally, we discuss the potential of on-chip OPO systems, which promise substantial improvements in latency and energy efficiency, paving the way for integrated stochastic computing architectures."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes"},{"last_name":"Salamin","full_name":"Salamin, Yannick","first_name":"Yannick"},{"first_name":"Seou","full_name":"Choi, Seou","last_name":"Choi"},{"full_name":"Horodynski, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Horodynski"},{"last_name":"Sloan","first_name":"Jamison","full_name":"Sloan, Jamison"},{"first_name":"Di","full_name":"Luo, Di","last_name":"Luo"},{"full_name":"Soljacic, Marin","first_name":"Marin","last_name":"Soljacic"}]},{"OA_type":"closed access","article_number":"6372","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Visible light photon counters (VLPCs) and solid-state photomultipliers (SSPMs) are high-efficiency single-photon detectors which have multi-photon counting capability. While both the VLPCs and the SSPMs have inferred internal quantum efficiencies above 93%, the actual measured values for both the detectors were in fact limited to less than 88%, attributed to in-coupling losses. We are currently improving this overall detection efficiency via a) custom anti-reflection coating the detectors and the in-coupling fibers, b) implementing a novel cryogenic design to reduce transmission losses and, c) using low-noise electronics to obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio."}],"author":[{"last_name":"Rangarajan","first_name":"Radhika","full_name":"Rangarajan, Radhika"},{"first_name":"Joseph","full_name":"Altepeter, Joseph","last_name":"Altepeter"},{"last_name":"Jeffrey","first_name":"Evan","full_name":"Jeffrey, Evan"},{"last_name":"Stoutimore","full_name":"Stoutimore, Micah","first_name":"Micah"},{"last_name":"Peters","first_name":"Nicholas","full_name":"Peters, Nicholas"},{"id":"4C02D85E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hosten, Onur","orcid":"0000-0002-2031-204X","first_name":"Onur","last_name":"Hosten"},{"last_name":"Kwiat","first_name":"Paul","full_name":"Kwiat, Paul"}],"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.686117","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["0277-786X"]},"day":"25","conference":{"end_date":"2006-10 04","name":"OPTICS EAST","location":"Boston, Massachusetts, United States","start_date":"2006-10 01"},"alternative_title":["Advanced Photon Counting Techniques"],"publication":"Optics East","year":"2006","status":"public","month":"10","_id":"577","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"High-efficiency single-photon detectors","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Rangarajan, Radhika, Joseph Altepeter, Evan Jeffrey, Micah Stoutimore, Nicholas Peters, Onur Hosten, and Paul Kwiat. “High-Efficiency Single-Photon Detectors.” In <i>Optics East</i>. SPIE, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117</a>.","short":"R. Rangarajan, J. Altepeter, E. Jeffrey, M. Stoutimore, N. Peters, O. Hosten, P. Kwiat, in:, Optics East, SPIE, 2006.","ieee":"R. Rangarajan <i>et al.</i>, “High-efficiency single-photon detectors,” in <i>Optics East</i>, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 2006.","apa":"Rangarajan, R., Altepeter, J., Jeffrey, E., Stoutimore, M., Peters, N., Hosten, O., &#38; Kwiat, P. (2006). High-efficiency single-photon detectors. In <i>Optics East</i>. Boston, Massachusetts, United States: SPIE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117\">https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117</a>","mla":"Rangarajan, Radhika, et al. “High-Efficiency Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optics East</i>, 6372, SPIE, 2006, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117\">10.1117/12.686117</a>.","ista":"Rangarajan R, Altepeter J, Jeffrey E, Stoutimore M, Peters N, Hosten O, Kwiat P. 2006. High-efficiency single-photon detectors. Optics East. OPTICS EAST, Advanced Photon Counting Techniques, , 6372.","ama":"Rangarajan R, Altepeter J, Jeffrey E, et al. High-efficiency single-photon detectors. In: <i>Optics East</i>. SPIE; 2006. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686117\">10.1117/12.686117</a>"},"publist_id":"7233","date_updated":"2026-05-08T10:31:26Z","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","type":"conference","date_published":"2006-10-25T00:00:00Z","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:47:17Z","oa_version":"None","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1"}]