[{"OA_type":"hybrid","title":"Phase behavior of Cacio e Pepe sauce","issue":"4","ddc":["530"],"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1070-6631"],"eissn":["1089-7666"]},"date_created":"2025-05-11T22:02:40Z","arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1063/5.0255841","has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","type":"journal_article","day":"01","acknowledgement":"he authors thank Frank Jülicher, for supporting the initiative and stimulating discussions. We thank Tetsuya Spippayashi for enlightening clarifications on the historical origins of Cacio e pepe and Giuseppe Ricchitelli for helping with the construction of the experimental apparatus. We further thank Martina Gaiba, Alessandro Gaiba, John D. Treado, Virginia Lepore, Eleonora Nanu, Julia Kirsch, Lara Koehler, Burak Budanur, Irina Pi-Jaumà, Elizabeth Brückner, M.J. Franco Oñate, Giorgio Nicoletti, and Marco Salvalaglio for their support and for eating up the sample leftovers. Finally, we thank Simone Frau for taking the photograph in Fig. 1(a).","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"article_number":"044122","intvolume":"        37","date_published":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ista":"Bartolucci G, Busiello DM, Ciarchi M, Corticelli A, Di Terlizzi I, Olmeda F, Revignas D, Schimmenti VM. 2025. Phase behavior of Cacio e Pepe sauce. Physics of Fluids. 37(4), 044122.","apa":"Bartolucci, G., Busiello, D. M., Ciarchi, M., Corticelli, A., Di Terlizzi, I., Olmeda, F., … Schimmenti, V. M. (2025). Phase behavior of Cacio e Pepe sauce. <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255841\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255841</a>","short":"G. Bartolucci, D.M. Busiello, M. Ciarchi, A. Corticelli, I. Di Terlizzi, F. Olmeda, D. Revignas, V.M. Schimmenti, Physics of Fluids 37 (2025).","ama":"Bartolucci G, Busiello DM, Ciarchi M, et al. Phase behavior of Cacio e Pepe sauce. <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. 2025;37(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255841\">10.1063/5.0255841</a>","chicago":"Bartolucci, G., D. M. Busiello, M. Ciarchi, A. Corticelli, I. Di Terlizzi, Fabrizio Olmeda, D. Revignas, and V. M. Schimmenti. “Phase Behavior of Cacio e Pepe Sauce.” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. AIP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255841\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255841</a>.","ieee":"G. Bartolucci <i>et al.</i>, “Phase behavior of Cacio e Pepe sauce,” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>, vol. 37, no. 4. AIP Publishing, 2025.","mla":"Bartolucci, G., et al. “Phase Behavior of Cacio e Pepe Sauce.” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>, vol. 37, no. 4, 044122, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255841\">10.1063/5.0255841</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","quality_controlled":"1","publication":"Physics of Fluids","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","month":"04","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"AIP Publishing","OA_place":"publisher","date_updated":"2026-04-28T13:24:53Z","file_date_updated":"2025-05-12T09:31:22Z","isi":1,"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","file":[{"creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_created":"2025-05-12T09:31:22Z","checksum":"242d05898aa0a2348b9c108747adb5ce","access_level":"open_access","file_size":4926853,"date_updated":"2025-05-12T09:31:22Z","file_id":"19681","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2025_PhysicsFluids_Bartolucci.pdf"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/2025-ig-nobel-prize-for-perfect-pasta-sauce/"}]},"publication_status":"published","volume":37,"year":"2025","oa_version":"Published Version","_id":"19670","oa":1,"article_type":"original","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"“Pasta alla Cacio e pepe” is a traditional Italian dish made with pasta, pecorino cheese, and pepper. Despite its simple ingredient list, achieving the perfect texture and creaminess of the sauce can be challenging. In this study, we systematically explore the phase behavior of Cacio e pepe sauce, focusing on its stability at increasing temperatures for various proportions of cheese, water, and starch. We identify starch concentration as the key factor influencing sauce stability, with direct implications for practical cooking. Specifically, we delineate a regime where starch concentrations below 1% (relative to cheese mass) lead to the formation of system-wide clumps, a condition determining what we term the “Mozzarella Phase” and corresponding to an unpleasant and separated sauce. Additionally, we examine the impact of cheese concentration relative to water at a fixed starch level, observing a lower critical solution temperature that we theoretically rationalized by means of a minimal effective free-energy model. We further analyze the effect of a less traditional stabilizer, trisodium citrate, and observe a sharp transition from the Mozzarella Phase to a completely smooth and stable sauce, in contrast to starch-stabilized mixtures, where the transition is more gradual. Finally, we present a scientifically optimized recipe based on our findings, enabling a consistently flawless execution of this classic dish."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Bartolucci, G.","first_name":"G.","last_name":"Bartolucci"},{"first_name":"D. M.","last_name":"Busiello","full_name":"Busiello, D. M."},{"full_name":"Ciarchi, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Ciarchi"},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Corticelli","full_name":"Corticelli, A."},{"last_name":"Di Terlizzi","first_name":"I.","full_name":"Di Terlizzi, I."},{"first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Olmeda","full_name":"Olmeda, Fabrizio","id":"69dbf5fb-8a76-11ed-866b-fb486d8b5689"},{"full_name":"Revignas, D.","last_name":"Revignas","first_name":"D."},{"full_name":"Schimmenti, V. M.","last_name":"Schimmenti","first_name":"V. M."}],"external_id":{"arxiv":["2501.00536"],"isi":["001482986200001"]},"department":[{"_id":"EdHa"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"AIP Publishing","month":"12","publication":"Physics of Fluids","article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","date_published":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","citation":{"short":"B. Khatoon, V.K. Chaudhary, S. Kamil, S.U. Hasan, M.S. Alam, Physics of Fluids 37 (2025).","apa":"Khatoon, B., Chaudhary, V. K., Kamil, S., Hasan, S. U., &#38; Alam, M. S. (2025). Enhanced mass transfer in microgeometry using pulsating velocity inputs: Hydrodynamic analysis and numerical simulation. <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303132\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303132</a>","ista":"Khatoon B, Chaudhary VK, Kamil S, Hasan SU, Alam MS. 2025. Enhanced mass transfer in microgeometry using pulsating velocity inputs: Hydrodynamic analysis and numerical simulation. Physics of Fluids. 37(12), 122012.","mla":"Khatoon, Bushra, et al. “Enhanced Mass Transfer in Microgeometry Using Pulsating Velocity Inputs: Hydrodynamic Analysis and Numerical Simulation.” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>, vol. 37, no. 12, 122012, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303132\">10.1063/5.0303132</a>.","chicago":"Khatoon, Bushra, Vikas K. Chaudhary, Shoaib Kamil, Shabih Ul Hasan, and M. Siraj Alam. “Enhanced Mass Transfer in Microgeometry Using Pulsating Velocity Inputs: Hydrodynamic Analysis and Numerical Simulation.” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. AIP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303132\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303132</a>.","ieee":"B. Khatoon, V. K. Chaudhary, S. Kamil, S. U. Hasan, and M. S. Alam, “Enhanced mass transfer in microgeometry using pulsating velocity inputs: Hydrodynamic analysis and numerical simulation,” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>, vol. 37, no. 12. AIP Publishing, 2025.","ama":"Khatoon B, Chaudhary VK, Kamil S, Hasan SU, Alam MS. Enhanced mass transfer in microgeometry using pulsating velocity inputs: Hydrodynamic analysis and numerical simulation. <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. 2025;37(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303132\">10.1063/5.0303132</a>"},"article_number":"122012","intvolume":"        37","acknowledgement":"The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by the Ministry of Education, India, and MNNIT Allahabad, as well as for the necessary equipment, computing facilities, and overall support to carry out this study.","type":"journal_article","day":"01","status":"public","date_created":"2026-01-04T23:01:34Z","doi":"10.1063/5.0303132","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1089-7666"],"issn":["1070-6631"]},"scopus_import":"1","OA_type":"closed access","title":"Enhanced mass transfer in microgeometry using pulsating velocity inputs: Hydrodynamic analysis and numerical simulation","issue":"12","department":[{"_id":"BjHo"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Khatoon, Bushra","first_name":"Bushra","last_name":"Khatoon"},{"full_name":"Chaudhary, Vikas K.","first_name":"Vikas K.","last_name":"Chaudhary"},{"full_name":"Kamil, Shoaib","id":"185a19af-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-8eb2201959e9","first_name":"Shoaib","last_name":"Kamil"},{"last_name":"Hasan","first_name":"Shabih Ul","full_name":"Hasan, Shabih Ul"},{"full_name":"Alam, M. Siraj","first_name":"M. Siraj","last_name":"Alam"}],"abstract":[{"text":"The current work focuses on the performance of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a microchannel. A hydrodynamic model is developed for a gas–liquid (CO2–water) system and slug flow pattern. For the first time in literature, a concept of pulsating velocity input is introduced in an enhanced cross-T-junction microchannel to study the mass transfer using the physical absorption mechanism in ANSYS FLUENT R2 2024. The mass transfer model is associated with the hydrodynamic model and some user-defined functions in FLUENT. This work demonstrates that incorporating obstructions and applying trapezoidal and sinusoidal wave inputs improve the CO2 absorption rate. The obtained data are further compared with the plain T-junction microchannel in terms of mass transfer coefficient. Solubility of CO2 in three different solvents (ethyl alcohol, water, and ethylene glycol) has been revealed in an enhanced cross T-junction microchannel at two different temperatures, i.e., 298.15 and 303.15 K. The numerical simulations illustrate that an increase in temperature has an adverse effect on the mass transfer rate.","lang":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","_id":"20928","oa_version":"None","year":"2025","volume":37,"publication_status":"published","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2026-01-05T10:54:15Z"},{"oa":1,"article_type":"original","oa_version":"Submitted Version","_id":"12146","department":[{"_id":"BjHo"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we explore the stability and dynamical relevance of a wide variety of steady, time-periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic flows arising between orthogonally stretching parallel plates. We first explore the stability of all the steady flow solution families formerly identified by Ayats et al. [“Flows between orthogonally stretching parallel plates,” Phys. Fluids 33, 024103 (2021)], concluding that only the one that originates from the Stokesian approximation is actually stable. When both plates are shrinking at identical or nearly the same deceleration rates, this Stokesian flow exhibits a Hopf bifurcation that leads to stable time-periodic regimes. The resulting time-periodic orbits or flows are tracked for different Reynolds numbers and stretching rates while monitoring their Floquet exponents to identify secondary instabilities. It is found that these time-periodic flows also exhibit Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, generating stable quasiperiodic flows (tori) that may sometimes give rise to chaotic dynamics through a Ruelle–Takens–Newhouse scenario. However, chaotic dynamics is unusually observed, as the quasiperiodic flows generally become phase-locked through a resonance mechanism before a strange attractor may arise, thus restoring the time-periodicity of the flow. In this work, we have identified and tracked four different resonance regions, also known as Arnold tongues or horns. In particular, the 1 : 4 strong resonance region is explored in great detail, where the identified scenarios are in very good agreement with normal form theory. "}],"external_id":{"isi":["000880665300024"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"B.","full_name":"Wang, B."},{"id":"ab77522d-073b-11ed-8aff-e71b39258362","orcid":"0000-0001-6572-0621","full_name":"Ayats López, Roger","last_name":"Ayats López","first_name":"Roger"},{"full_name":"Meseguer, A.","first_name":"A.","last_name":"Meseguer"},{"full_name":"Marques, F.","last_name":"Marques","first_name":"F."}],"keyword":["Condensed Matter Physics","Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes","Mechanics of Materials","Computational Mechanics","Mechanical Engineering"],"date_updated":"2023-10-03T11:07:58Z","publication_status":"published","volume":34,"year":"2022","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","isi":1,"citation":{"apa":"Wang, B., Ayats López, R., Meseguer, A., &#38; Marques, F. (2022). Phase-locking flows between orthogonally stretching parallel plates. <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. AIP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124152\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124152</a>","ista":"Wang B, Ayats López R, Meseguer A, Marques F. 2022. Phase-locking flows between orthogonally stretching parallel plates. Physics of Fluids. 34(11), 114111.","short":"B. Wang, R. Ayats López, A. Meseguer, F. Marques, Physics of Fluids 34 (2022).","ama":"Wang B, Ayats López R, Meseguer A, Marques F. Phase-locking flows between orthogonally stretching parallel plates. <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. 2022;34(11). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124152\">10.1063/5.0124152</a>","chicago":"Wang, B., Roger Ayats López, A. Meseguer, and F. Marques. “Phase-Locking Flows between Orthogonally Stretching Parallel Plates.” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>. AIP Publishing, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124152\">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124152</a>.","ieee":"B. Wang, R. Ayats López, A. Meseguer, and F. Marques, “Phase-locking flows between orthogonally stretching parallel plates,” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>, vol. 34, no. 11. AIP Publishing, 2022.","mla":"Wang, B., et al. “Phase-Locking Flows between Orthogonally Stretching Parallel Plates.” <i>Physics of Fluids</i>, vol. 34, no. 11, 114111, AIP Publishing, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0124152\">10.1063/5.0124152</a>."},"date_published":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"        34","article_number":"114111","month":"11","publisher":"AIP Publishing","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Physics of Fluids","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1070-6631"],"eissn":["1089-7666"]},"issue":"11","title":"Phase-locking flows between orthogonally stretching parallel plates","type":"journal_article","day":"04","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Spanish MINECO under Grant Nos. FIS2017-85794-P and PRX18/00179, the Spanish MICINN through Grant No. PID2020-114043GB-I00, and the\r\nGeneralitat de Catalunya under Grant No. 2017-SGR-785. B.W.’s research was also supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council through Grant CSC No. 201806440152.","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/385635","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1063/5.0124152","date_created":"2023-01-12T12:06:58Z","status":"public"}]