---
_id: '17122'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Background: Motor alterations and lowered physical activity are common in
    affective disorders. Previous research has indicated a link between depressive
    symptoms and declining muscle strength primarily focusing on the elderly but not
    younger individuals. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between mood
    and muscle strength in a sample of N = 73 young to middle-aged hospitalized patients
    (18–49 years, mean age 30.7 years) diagnosed with major depressive, bipolar and
    schizoaffective disorder, with a focus on moderating effects of psychopharmacotherapy.
    The study was carried out as a prospective observational study at a German psychiatric
    university hospital between September 2021 and March 2022.\r\nMethods: Employing
    a standardized strength circuit consisting of computerized strength training devices,
    we measured the maximal muscle strength (Fmax) using three repetitions maximum
    across four muscle regions (abdomen, arm, back, leg) at three time points (t1-t3)
    over four weeks accompanied by psychometric testing (MADRS, BPRS, YRMS) and blood
    lipid profiling in a clinical setting. For analysis of psychopharmacotherapy,
    medication was split into activating (AM) and inhibiting (IM) medication and dosages
    were normalized by the respective WHO defined daily dose.\r\nResults: While we
    observed a significant decrease of the MADRS score and increase of the relative
    total Fmax (rTFmax) in the first two weeks (t1-t2) but not later (both p < .001),
    we did not reveal a significant bivariate correlation between disease severity
    (MADRS) and muscle strength (rTFmax) at any of the timepoints. Individuals with
    longer disease history displayed reduced rTFmax (p = .048). IM was significantly
    associated with decreased rTFmax (p = .032). Regression models provide a more
    substantial effect of gender, age, and IM on muscle strength than the depressive
    episode itself (p < .001).\r\nConclusions: The results of the study indicate that
    disease severity and muscle strength are not associated in young to middle-aged
    inpatients with affective disorders using a strength circuit as observational
    measurement. Future research will be needed to differentiate the effect of medication,
    gender, and age on muscle strength and to develop interventions for prevention
    of muscle weakness, especially in younger patients with chronic affective illnesses."
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by the project ‘Fellows Ride’ of the Thomas
  Lurz und Dieter Schneider Stiftung and by the ‘Würzburger Bündnis gegen Depression’
  (to S.K.-S).\r\nOpen Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL."
article_number: '401'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Hannah
  full_name: Ramming, Hannah
  last_name: Ramming
- first_name: Linda
  full_name: Theuerkauf, Linda
  last_name: Theuerkauf
- first_name: Olaf
  full_name: Hoos, Olaf
  last_name: Hoos
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Lichter, Katharina
  id: 39302e62-fcfc-11ec-8196-8b01447dbd3d
  last_name: Lichter
  orcid: 0000-0002-1485-0351
- first_name: Sarah
  full_name: Kittel-Schneider, Sarah
  last_name: Kittel-Schneider
citation:
  ama: Ramming H, Theuerkauf L, Hoos O, Lichter K, Kittel-Schneider S. The association
    between maximal muscle strength, disease severity and psychopharmacotherapy among
    young to middle-aged inpatients with affective disorders – a prospective pilot
    study. <i>BMC Psychiatry</i>. 2024;24. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2">10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2</a>
  apa: Ramming, H., Theuerkauf, L., Hoos, O., Lichter, K., &#38; Kittel-Schneider,
    S. (2024). The association between maximal muscle strength, disease severity and
    psychopharmacotherapy among young to middle-aged inpatients with affective disorders
    – a prospective pilot study. <i>BMC Psychiatry</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2</a>
  chicago: Ramming, Hannah, Linda Theuerkauf, Olaf Hoos, Katharina Lichter, and Sarah
    Kittel-Schneider. “The Association between Maximal Muscle Strength, Disease Severity
    and Psychopharmacotherapy among Young to Middle-Aged Inpatients with Affective
    Disorders – a Prospective Pilot Study.” <i>BMC Psychiatry</i>. Springer Nature,
    2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2</a>.
  ieee: H. Ramming, L. Theuerkauf, O. Hoos, K. Lichter, and S. Kittel-Schneider, “The
    association between maximal muscle strength, disease severity and psychopharmacotherapy
    among young to middle-aged inpatients with affective disorders – a prospective
    pilot study,” <i>BMC Psychiatry</i>, vol. 24. Springer Nature, 2024.
  ista: Ramming H, Theuerkauf L, Hoos O, Lichter K, Kittel-Schneider S. 2024. The
    association between maximal muscle strength, disease severity and psychopharmacotherapy
    among young to middle-aged inpatients with affective disorders – a prospective
    pilot study. BMC Psychiatry. 24, 401.
  mla: Ramming, Hannah, et al. “The Association between Maximal Muscle Strength, Disease
    Severity and Psychopharmacotherapy among Young to Middle-Aged Inpatients with
    Affective Disorders – a Prospective Pilot Study.” <i>BMC Psychiatry</i>, vol.
    24, 401, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2">10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2</a>.
  short: H. Ramming, L. Theuerkauf, O. Hoos, K. Lichter, S. Kittel-Schneider, BMC
    Psychiatry 24 (2024).
date_created: 2024-06-09T22:01:01Z
date_published: 2024-05-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-23T07:51:51Z
day: '29'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05849-2
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '38811916'
file:
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-06-10T10:44:26Z
  date_updated: 2024-06-10T10:44:26Z
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  file_size: 2320147
  relation: main_file
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file_date_updated: 2024-06-10T10:44:26Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        24'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: BMC Psychiatry
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1471-244X
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The association between maximal muscle strength, disease severity and psychopharmacotherapy
  among young to middle-aged inpatients with affective disorders – a prospective pilot
  study
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 24
year: '2024'
...