[{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2021.0203","pmid":1,"month":"08","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","date_published":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","ddc":["570"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Local adaptation leads to differences between populations within a species. In many systems, similar environmental contrasts occur repeatedly, sometimes driving parallel phenotypic evolution. Understanding the genomic basis of local adaptation and parallel evolution is a major goal of evolutionary genomics. It is now known that by preventing the break-up of favourable combinations of alleles across multiple loci, genetic architectures that reduce recombination, like chromosomal inversions, can make an important contribution to local adaptation. However, little is known about whether inversions also contribute disproportionately to parallel evolution. Our aim here is to highlight this knowledge gap, to showcase existing studies, and to illustrate the differences between genomic architectures with and without inversions using simple models. We predict that by generating stronger effective selection, inversions can sometimes speed up the parallel adaptive process or enable parallel adaptation where it would be impossible otherwise, but this is highly dependent on the spatial setting. We highlight that further empirical work is needed, in particular to cover a broader taxonomic range and to understand the relative importance of inversions compared to genomic regions without inversions."}],"publication_status":"published","file":[{"relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-02-02T08:20:29Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_name":"2022_PhilosophicalTransactionsB_Westram.pdf","file_size":920304,"success":1,"file_id":"12479","date_created":"2023-02-02T08:20:29Z","checksum":"49f69428f3dcf5ce3ff281f7d199e9df"}],"corr_author":"1","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","day":"01","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2025-06-12T06:10:18Z","issue":"1856","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2970"],"issn":["0962-8436"]},"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_created":"2022-07-08T11:41:56Z","acknowledgement":"We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and interesting comments on this manuscript.","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","project":[{"name":"Snapdragon Speciation","_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","grant_number":"P32166"}],"year":"2022","volume":377,"article_type":"original","title":"Inversions and parallel evolution","external_id":{"isi":["000812317300005"],"pmid":["35694747"]},"isi":1,"type":"journal_article","publisher":"Royal Society of London","intvolume":"       377","_id":"11546","file_date_updated":"2023-02-02T08:20:29Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","last_name":"Westram","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anja M","full_name":"Westram, Anja M"},{"first_name":"Rui","last_name":"Faria","full_name":"Faria, Rui"},{"full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin","first_name":"Kerstin","last_name":"Johannesson"},{"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Butlin","full_name":"Butlin, Roger"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H"}],"keyword":["General Agricultural and Biological Sciences","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"citation":{"ama":"Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R, Barton NH. Inversions and parallel evolution. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. 2022;377(1856). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>","mla":"Westram, Anja M., et al. “Inversions and Parallel Evolution.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 377, no. 1856, 20210203, Royal Society of London, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>.","ieee":"A. M. Westram, R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. Butlin, and N. H. Barton, “Inversions and parallel evolution,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 377, no. 1856. Royal Society of London, 2022.","ista":"Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R, Barton NH. 2022. Inversions and parallel evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 377(1856), 20210203.","chicago":"Westram, Anja M, Rui Faria, Kerstin Johannesson, Roger Butlin, and Nicholas H Barton. “Inversions and Parallel Evolution.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society of London, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>.","short":"A.M. Westram, R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. Butlin, N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377 (2022).","apa":"Westram, A. M., Faria, R., Johannesson, K., Butlin, R., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2022). Inversions and parallel evolution. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society of London. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>"},"article_number":"20210203","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"status":"public","date_published":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"A species distributed across diverse environments may adapt to local conditions. We ask how quickly such a species changes its range in response to changed conditions. Szép et al. (Szép E, Sachdeva H, Barton NH. 2021 Polygenic local adaptation in metapopulations: a stochastic eco-evolutionary model. Evolution75, 1030–1045 (doi:10.1111/evo.14210)) used the infinite island model to find the stationary distribution of allele frequencies and deme sizes. We extend this to find how a metapopulation responds to changes in carrying capacity, selection strength, or migration rate when deme sizes are fixed. We further develop a ‘fixed-state’ approximation. Under this approximation, polymorphism is only possible for a narrow range of habitat proportions when selection is weak compared to drift, but for a much wider range otherwise. When rates of selection or migration relative to drift change in a single deme of the metapopulation, the population takes a time of order m−1 to reach the new equilibrium. However, even with many loci, there can be substantial fluctuations in net adaptation, because at each locus, alleles randomly get lost or fixed. Thus, in a finite metapopulation, variation may gradually be lost by chance, even if it would persist in an infinite metapopulation. When conditions change across the whole metapopulation, there can be rapid change, which is predicted well by the fixed-state approximation. This work helps towards an understanding of how metapopulations extend their range across diverse environments.\r\nThis article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)’.","lang":"eng"}],"ddc":["570"],"pmid":1,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2021.0009","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"month":"04","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1848","date_updated":"2026-04-07T12:54:28Z","oa_version":"Published Version","file":[{"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2022-08-02T06:14:32Z","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"3b0243738f01bf3c07e0d7e8dc64f71d","date_created":"2022-08-02T06:14:32Z","file_id":"11719","success":1,"file_name":"2022_PhilosophicalTransactionsRSB_Barton.pdf","file_size":1349672}],"corr_author":"1","day":"11","year":"2022","project":[{"name":"Causes and consequences of population fragmentation","_id":"c08d3278-5a5b-11eb-8a69-fdb09b55f4b8","grant_number":"P32896"}],"publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","external_id":{"isi":["000758140300001"],"pmid":["35184588"]},"title":"The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment","article_type":"original","volume":377,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"14711","status":"public"}]},"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-8436"],"eissn":["1471-2970"]},"date_created":"2022-02-21T16:08:10Z","acknowledgement":"This research was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [FWF P-32896B].","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","last_name":"Barton","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O","id":"41AD96DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Olusanya","orcid":"0000-0003-1971-8314","first_name":"Oluwafunmilola O"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-08-02T06:14:32Z","_id":"10787","citation":{"short":"N.H. Barton, O.O. Olusanya, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377 (2022).","apa":"Barton, N. H., &#38; Olusanya, O. O. (2022). The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009</a>","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H, and Oluwafunmilola O Olusanya. “The Response of a Metapopulation to a Changing Environment.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009</a>.","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H., and Oluwafunmilola O. Olusanya. “The Response of a Metapopulation to a Changing Environment.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 377, no. 1848, The Royal Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0009</a>.","ieee":"N. H. Barton and O. O. Olusanya, “The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 377, no. 1848. The Royal Society, 2022.","ista":"Barton NH, Olusanya OO. 2022. The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 377(1848).","ama":"Barton NH, Olusanya OO. The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. 2022;377(1848). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0009</a>"},"keyword":["General Agricultural and Biological Sciences","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","type":"journal_article","isi":1,"publisher":"The Royal Society","intvolume":"       377"},{"file":[{"date_created":"2022-01-24T10:34:45Z","file_id":"10659","checksum":"04ca9e2f0e344d680b947f2457df8d0a","file_name":"rstb.2021.0010.pdf","file_size":1845792,"date_updated":"2022-01-24T10:34:45Z","creator":"oolusany","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"day":"24","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2026-04-07T12:54:28Z","oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"1846","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2021.0010","month":"01","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","date_published":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","ddc":["576"],"abstract":[{"text":"We analyse how migration from a large mainland influences genetic load and population numbers on an island, in a scenario where fitness-affecting variants are unconditionally deleterious, and where numbers decline with increasing load. Our analysis shows that migration can have qualitatively different effects, depending on the total mutation target and fitness effects of deleterious variants. In particular, we find that populations exhibit a genetic Allee effect across a wide range of parameter combinations, when variants are partially recessive, cycling between low-load (large-population) and high-load (sink) states. Increased migration reduces load in the sink state (by increasing heterozygosity) but further inflates load in the large-population state (by hindering purging). We identify various critical parameter thresholds at which one or other stable state collapses, and discuss how these thresholds are influenced by the genetic versus demographic effects of migration. Our analysis is based on a ‘semi-deterministic’ analysis, which accounts for genetic drift but neglects demographic stochasticity. We also compare against simulations which account for both demographic stochasticity and drift. Our results clarify the importance of gene flow as a key determinant of extinction risk in peripheral populations, even in the absence of ecological gradients. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)’.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","isi":1,"type":"journal_article","publisher":"The Royal Society","intvolume":"       377","_id":"10658","file_date_updated":"2022-01-24T10:34:45Z","author":[{"full_name":"Sachdeva, Himani","first_name":"Himani","last_name":"Sachdeva"},{"first_name":"Oluwafunmilola O","last_name":"Olusanya","id":"41AD96DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1971-8314","full_name":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"}],"citation":{"ista":"Sachdeva H, Olusanya OO, Barton NH. 2022. Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 377(1846), 20210010.","ieee":"H. Sachdeva, O. O. Olusanya, and N. H. Barton, “Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</i>, vol. 377, no. 1846. The Royal Society, 2022.","mla":"Sachdeva, Himani, et al. “Genetic Load and Extinction in Peripheral Populations: The Roles of Migration, Drift and Demographic Stochasticity.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</i>, vol. 377, no. 1846, 20210010, The Royal Society, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0010</a>.","ama":"Sachdeva H, Olusanya OO, Barton NH. Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</i>. 2022;377(1846). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0010</a>","short":"H. Sachdeva, O.O. Olusanya, N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 377 (2022).","apa":"Sachdeva, H., Olusanya, O. O., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2022). Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</i>. The Royal Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010</a>","chicago":"Sachdeva, Himani, Oluwafunmilola O Olusanya, and Nicholas H Barton. “Genetic Load and Extinction in Peripheral Populations: The Roles of Migration, Drift and Demographic Stochasticity.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</i>. The Royal Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"20210010","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2970"],"issn":["0962-8436"]},"article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"This research was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (grant no. P-32896B).","date_created":"2022-01-24T10:34:53Z","project":[{"_id":"c08d3278-5a5b-11eb-8a69-fdb09b55f4b8","name":"Causes and consequences of population fragmentation","grant_number":"P32896"}],"publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B","year":"2022","volume":377,"title":"Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity","external_id":{"pmid":["35067097"],"isi":["000745854300008"]},"article_type":"original","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"earlier_version","url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.05.455207"}],"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"14711","status":"public"}]}},{"day":"12","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"1806","oa_version":"Submitted Version","date_updated":"2025-06-25T07:45:22Z","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2019.0530","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","OA_type":"green","month":"07","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7423282/","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","isi":1,"intvolume":"       375","publisher":"The Royal Society","author":[{"first_name":"Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","last_name":"Barton","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"}],"_id":"8112","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","article_number":"20190530","citation":{"chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H. “On the Completion of Speciation.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530</a>.","short":"N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences 375 (2020).","apa":"Barton, N. H. (2020). On the completion of speciation. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530</a>","ama":"Barton NH. On the completion of speciation. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. 2020;375(1806). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0530</a>","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H. “On the Completion of Speciation.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806, 20190530, The Royal Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0530</a>.","ieee":"N. H. Barton, “On the completion of speciation,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806. The Royal Society, 2020.","ista":"Barton NH. 2020. On the completion of speciation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. 375(1806), 20190530."},"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"date_created":"2020-07-13T03:41:39Z","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-8436"],"eissn":["1471-2970"]},"title":"On the completion of speciation","article_type":"letter_note","external_id":{"pmid":["32654647"],"isi":["000552662100002"]},"volume":375,"year":"2020","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences","OA_place":"repository"},{"_id":"8167","author":[{"full_name":"Stankowski, Sean","first_name":"Sean","id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","last_name":"Stankowski"},{"last_name":"Westram","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","first_name":"Anja M","full_name":"Westram, Anja M"},{"full_name":"Zagrodzka, Zuzanna B.","first_name":"Zuzanna B.","last_name":"Zagrodzka"},{"full_name":"Eyres, Isobel","last_name":"Eyres","first_name":"Isobel"},{"full_name":"Broquet, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Broquet"},{"full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin","last_name":"Johannesson","first_name":"Kerstin"},{"full_name":"Butlin, Roger K.","last_name":"Butlin","first_name":"Roger K."}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"20190545","citation":{"ama":"Stankowski S, Westram AM, Zagrodzka ZB, et al. The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. 2020;375(1806). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0545</a>","ieee":"S. Stankowski <i>et al.</i>, “The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806. The Royal Society, 2020.","ista":"Stankowski S, Westram AM, Zagrodzka ZB, Eyres I, Broquet T, Johannesson K, Butlin RK. 2020. The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. 375(1806), 20190545.","mla":"Stankowski, Sean, et al. “The Evolution of Strong Reproductive Isolation between Sympatric Intertidal Snails.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806, 20190545, The Royal Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0545</a>.","chicago":"Stankowski, Sean, Anja M Westram, Zuzanna B. Zagrodzka, Isobel Eyres, Thomas Broquet, Kerstin Johannesson, and Roger K. Butlin. “The Evolution of Strong Reproductive Isolation between Sympatric Intertidal Snails.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545</a>.","apa":"Stankowski, S., Westram, A. M., Zagrodzka, Z. B., Eyres, I., Broquet, T., Johannesson, K., &#38; Butlin, R. K. (2020). The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545</a>","short":"S. Stankowski, A.M. Westram, Z.B. Zagrodzka, I. Eyres, T. Broquet, K. Johannesson, R.K. Butlin, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences 375 (2020)."},"isi":1,"type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       375","publisher":"The Royal Society","volume":375,"title":"The evolution of strong reproductive isolation between sympatric intertidal snails","external_id":{"pmid":["32654639"],"isi":["000552662100014"]},"article_type":"original","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences","year":"2020","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the European Research Council. We thank Rui Faria, Nicola Nadeau, Martin Garlovsky and Hernan Morales for advice and/or useful discussion during the project. Richard Turney, Graciela Sotelo, Jenny Larson, Stéphane Loisel and Meghan Wharton participated in the collection and processing of samples. Mark Dunning helped with the development of bioinformatic pipelines. The analysis of genomic data was conducted on the University of Sheffield High-performance computer, ShARC. Jeffrey Feder and an anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved the manuscript.","date_created":"2020-07-26T22:01:01Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2970"]},"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-08-22T08:22:13Z","oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"1806","day":"12","date_published":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The evolution of strong reproductive isolation (RI) is fundamental to the origins and maintenance of biological diversity, especially in situations where geographical distributions of taxa broadly overlap. But what is the history behind strong barriers currently acting in sympatry? Using whole-genome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, we inferred (i) the evolutionary relationships, (ii) the strength of RI, and (iii) the demographic history of divergence between two broadly sympatric taxa of intertidal snail. Despite being cryptic, based on external morphology, Littorina arcana and Littorina saxatilis differ in their mode of female reproduction (egg-laying versus brooding), which may generate a strong post-zygotic barrier. We show that egg-laying and brooding snails are closely related, but genetically distinct. Genotyping of 3092 snails from three locations failed to recover any recent hybrid or backcrossed individuals, confirming that RI is strong. There was, however, evidence for a very low level of asymmetrical introgression, suggesting that isolation remains incomplete. The presence of strong, asymmetrical RI was further supported by demographic analysis of these populations. Although the taxa are currently broadly sympatric, demographic modelling suggests that they initially diverged during a short period of geographical separation involving very low gene flow. Our study suggests that some geographical separation may kick-start the evolution of strong RI, facilitating subsequent coexistence of taxa in sympatry. The strength of RI needed to achieve sympatry and the subsequent effect of sympatry on RI remain open questions."}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2019.0545","month":"07","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0545"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2025-04-14T07:48:21Z","issue":"1806","day":"12","date_published":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Speciation, that is, the evolution of reproductive barriers eventually leading to complete isolation, is a crucial process generating biodiversity. Recent work has contributed much to our understanding of how reproductive barriers begin to evolve, and how they are maintained in the face of gene flow. However, little is known about the transition from partial to strong reproductive isolation (RI) and the completion of speciation. We argue that the evolution of strong RI is likely to involve different processes, or new interactions among processes, compared with the evolution of the first reproductive barriers. Transition to strong RI may be brought about by changing external conditions, for example, following secondary contact. However, the increasing levels of RI themselves create opportunities for new barriers to evolve and, and interaction or coupling among barriers. These changing processes may depend on genomic architecture and leave detectable signals in the genome. We outline outstanding questions and suggest more theoretical and empirical work, considering both patterns and processes associated with strong RI, is needed to understand how speciation is completed."}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","pmid":1,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2019.0528","month":"07","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528","open_access":"1"}],"_id":"8168","author":[{"first_name":"Jonna","last_name":"Kulmuni","full_name":"Kulmuni, Jonna"},{"full_name":"Butlin, Roger K.","first_name":"Roger K.","last_name":"Butlin"},{"first_name":"Kay","last_name":"Lucek","full_name":"Lucek, Kay"},{"full_name":"Savolainen, Vincent","first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Savolainen"},{"full_name":"Westram, Anja M","first_name":"Anja M","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Westram","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969"}],"quality_controlled":"1","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"20190528","citation":{"apa":"Kulmuni, J., Butlin, R. K., Lucek, K., Savolainen, V., &#38; Westram, A. M. (2020). Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528</a>","short":"J. Kulmuni, R.K. Butlin, K. Lucek, V. Savolainen, A.M. Westram, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences 375 (2020).","chicago":"Kulmuni, Jonna, Roger K. Butlin, Kay Lucek, Vincent Savolainen, and Anja M Westram. “Towards the Completion of Speciation: The Evolution of Reproductive Isolation beyond the First Barriers.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528</a>.","ista":"Kulmuni J, Butlin RK, Lucek K, Savolainen V, Westram AM. 2020. Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological sciences. 375(1806), 20190528.","mla":"Kulmuni, Jonna, et al. “Towards the Completion of Speciation: The Evolution of Reproductive Isolation beyond the First Barriers.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806, 20190528, The Royal Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0528</a>.","ieee":"J. Kulmuni, R. K. Butlin, K. Lucek, V. Savolainen, and A. M. Westram, “Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806. The Royal Society, 2020.","ama":"Kulmuni J, Butlin RK, Lucek K, Savolainen V, Westram AM. Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B: Biological sciences</i>. 2020;375(1806). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0528</a>"},"isi":1,"type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       375","publisher":"The Royal Society","volume":375,"article_type":"original","title":"Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers","external_id":{"isi":["000552662100001"],"pmid":["32654637"]},"project":[{"name":"Theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding Parallel Adaptation","_id":"265B41B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"797747","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological sciences","year":"2020","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2020-07-26T22:01:01Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2970"],"issn":["0962-8436"]}},{"citation":{"ama":"Shang H, Hess J, Pickup M, et al. Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: Broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. 2020;375(1806). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0544</a>","ista":"Shang H, Hess J, Pickup M, Field D, Ingvarsson PK, Liu J, Lexer C. 2020. Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: Broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. 375(1806), 20190544.","ieee":"H. Shang <i>et al.</i>, “Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: Broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806. The Royal Society, 2020.","mla":"Shang, Huiying, et al. “Evolution of Strong Reproductive Isolation in Plants: Broad-Scale Patterns and Lessons from a Perennial Model Group.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 375, no. 1806, 20190544, The Royal Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544\">10.1098/rstb.2019.0544</a>.","chicago":"Shang, Huiying, Jaqueline Hess, Melinda Pickup, David Field, Pär K. Ingvarsson, Jianquan Liu, and Christian Lexer. “Evolution of Strong Reproductive Isolation in Plants: Broad-Scale Patterns and Lessons from a Perennial Model Group.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544</a>.","short":"H. Shang, J. Hess, M. Pickup, D. Field, P.K. Ingvarsson, J. Liu, C. Lexer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences 375 (2020).","apa":"Shang, H., Hess, J., Pickup, M., Field, D., Ingvarsson, P. K., Liu, J., &#38; Lexer, C. (2020). Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: Broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences</i>. The Royal Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0544</a>"},"article_number":"20190544","scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Huiying","last_name":"Shang","full_name":"Shang, Huiying"},{"last_name":"Hess","first_name":"Jaqueline","full_name":"Hess, Jaqueline"},{"first_name":"Melinda","last_name":"Pickup","id":"2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6118-0541","full_name":"Pickup, Melinda"},{"first_name":"David","id":"419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Field","orcid":"0000-0002-4014-8478","full_name":"Field, David"},{"first_name":"Pär K.","last_name":"Ingvarsson","full_name":"Ingvarsson, Pär K."},{"first_name":"Jianquan","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Jianquan"},{"full_name":"Lexer, Christian","last_name":"Lexer","first_name":"Christian"}],"_id":"8169","publisher":"The Royal Society","intvolume":"       375","type":"journal_article","isi":1,"year":"2020","publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences","external_id":{"isi":["000552662100013"],"pmid":["32654641"]},"article_type":"original","title":"Evolution of strong reproductive isolation in plants: Broad-scale patterns and lessons from a perennial model group","volume":375,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2970"]},"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC) to H.S., Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) grant no. 31003A_149306 to C.L., doctoral programme grant W1225-B20 to a faculty team including C.L., and the University of Vienna. We thank members of J.L.’s lab for collecting samples, Michael Barfuss and Elfi Grasserbauer for help in the laboratory, the Next Generation Sequencing Platform of the University of Berne for sequencing, the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC) for access to computational resources, and Claus Vogel and members of the PopGen Vienna graduate school for helpful discussions.","date_created":"2020-07-26T22:01:02Z","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"issue":"1806","oa_version":"None","date_updated":"2026-04-03T09:31:37Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"12","abstract":[{"text":"Many recent studies have addressed the mechanisms operating during the early stages of speciation, but surprisingly few studies have tested theoretical predictions on the evolution of strong reproductive isolation (RI). To help address this gap, we first undertook a quantitative review of the hybrid zone literature for flowering plants in relation to reproductive barriers. Then, using Populus as an exemplary model group, we analysed genome-wide variation for phylogenetic tree topologies in both early- and late-stage speciation taxa to determine how these patterns may be related to the genomic architecture of RI. Our plant literature survey revealed variation in barrier complexity and an association between barrier number and introgressive gene flow. Focusing on Populus, our genome-wide analysis of tree topologies in speciating poplar taxa points to unusually complex genomic architectures of RI, consistent with earlier genome-wide association studies. These architectures appear to facilitate the ‘escape’ of introgressed genome segments from polygenic barriers even with strong RI, thus affecting their relationships with recombination rates. Placed within the context of the broader literature, our data illustrate how phylogenomic approaches hold great promise for addressing the evolution and temporary breakdown of RI during late stages of speciation.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","status":"public","date_published":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"closed access","month":"07","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2019.0544","pmid":1,"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd"},{"corr_author":"1","day":"26","oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","date_updated":"2025-09-23T09:44:53Z","issue":"1669","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2014.0108","pmid":1,"month":"05","main_file_link":[{"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410374/","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2015-05-26T00:00:00Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To prevent epidemics, insect societies have evolved collective disease defences that are highly effective at curing exposed individuals and limiting disease transmission to healthy group members. Grooming is an important sanitary behaviour—either performed towards oneself (self-grooming) or towards others (allogrooming)—to remove infectious agents from the body surface of exposed individuals, but at the risk of disease contraction by the groomer. We use garden ants (Lasius neglectus) and the fungal pathogen Metarhizium as a model system to study how pathogen presence affects self-grooming and allogrooming between exposed and healthy individuals. We develop an epidemiological SIS model to explore how experimentally observed grooming patterns affect disease spread within the colony, thereby providing a direct link between the expression and direction of sanitary behaviours, and their effects on colony-level epidemiology. We find that fungus-exposed ants increase self-grooming, while simultaneously decreasing allogrooming. This behavioural modulation seems universally adaptive and is predicted to contain disease spread in a great variety of host–pathogen systems. In contrast, allogrooming directed towards pathogen-exposed individuals might both increase and decrease disease risk. Our model reveals that the effect of allogrooming depends on the balance between pathogen infectiousness and efficiency of social host defences, which are likely to vary across host–pathogen systems."}],"publication_status":"published","isi":1,"type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       370","publisher":"Royal Society, The","_id":"1830","author":[{"full_name":"Theis, Fabian","first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Theis"},{"id":"3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Ugelvig","orcid":"0000-0003-1832-8883","first_name":"Line V","full_name":"Ugelvig, Line V"},{"last_name":"Marr","first_name":"Carsten","full_name":"Marr, Carsten"},{"full_name":"Cremer, Sylvia","orcid":"0000-0002-2193-3868","id":"2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Cremer","first_name":"Sylvia"}],"scopus_import":"1","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Theis, Fabian, Line V Ugelvig, Carsten Marr, and Sylvia Cremer. “Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society, The, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108</a>.","apa":"Theis, F., Ugelvig, L. V., Marr, C., &#38; Cremer, S. (2015). Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society, The. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108</a>","short":"F. Theis, L.V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, S. Cremer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 370 (2015).","ama":"Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. 2015;370(1669). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108\">10.1098/rstb.2014.0108</a>","ista":"Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. 2015. Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 370(1669).","mla":"Theis, Fabian, et al. “Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 370, no. 1669, Royal Society, The, 2015, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108\">10.1098/rstb.2014.0108</a>.","ieee":"F. Theis, L. V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, and S. Cremer, “Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 370, no. 1669. Royal Society, The, 2015."},"department":[{"_id":"SyCr"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","acknowledgement":"We thank Meghan L. Vyleta for the genetical fungal strain characterization and Eva Sixt for ant drawings, Matthias Konrad for discussion and Christopher D. Pull, Barbara Casillas-Peréz, Sebastian Novak, as well as three anonymous reviewers and the theme issue editors Peter Kappeler and Charlie Nunn for valuable comments on the manuscript.","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:15Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1471-2970"],"issn":["0962-8436"]},"volume":370,"title":"Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies","article_type":"original","external_id":{"isi":["000354143400010"],"pmid":["25870394"]},"project":[{"_id":"25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society Effects","grant_number":"243071","call_identifier":"FP7"},{"call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"302004","name":"Collective disease defence and pathogen detection abilities in ant societies: a chemo-neuro-immunological approach","_id":"25DDF0F0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"25E0E184-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Schnellboot Antnet Junge Akademie"},{"name":"Fellowship of Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin","_id":"25E24DB2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences","year":"2015","publist_id":"5273","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9721","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}]}}]