[{"department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_updated":"2026-04-28T12:06:01Z","page":"626-631","_id":"21485","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2026-03-23T15:04:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","volume":651,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w","external_id":{"pmid":["41851325"]},"corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Insulating oxides are among the most abundant solid materials in the universe1,2,3. Of the many ways in which they influence natural phenomena, perhaps the most consequential is their capacity to transfer electrical charge during contact4,5,6,7,8,9,10—which occurs even between samples of the same oxide—yet the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes this remains unidentified11,12. Here we show that adventitious carbonaceous molecules adsorbed from the environment are the symmetry-breaking factor in same-material oxide contact electrification (CE). We use acoustic levitation to measure charge exchange between a sphere and a plate composed of identical amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2). Although charging polarity is random for co-prepared samples, we control it with baking or plasma treatment. Observing the charge-exchange relaxation afterwards, we see dynamics over a timescale of hours and connect this directly to the presence of adventitious carbon with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, low-energy ion scattering and infrared spectroscopy. Going further, we confirm that adventitious carbon can even determine charge exchange among different oxides. Our results identify the symmetry-breaking parameter that causes insulating oxides to exchange charge in settings ranging from desert sands4 to volcanic plumes5,6, while simultaneously highlighting an overlooked factor in CE more broadly.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Grosjean, Galien M","last_name":"Grosjean","first_name":"Galien M","id":"0C5FDA4A-9CF6-11E9-8939-FF05E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-5154-417X"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Ostermann","full_name":"Ostermann, Markus"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Sauer","full_name":"Sauer, Markus"},{"full_name":"Hahn, Michael","last_name":"Hahn","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Christian M.","full_name":"Pichler, Christian M.","last_name":"Pichler"},{"first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Fahrnberger, Florian","last_name":"Fahrnberger"},{"first_name":"Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","last_name":"Pertl","full_name":"Pertl, Felix"},{"first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0001-7597-043X","id":"302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E","last_name":"Balazs","full_name":"Balazs, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Link, Mason M.","last_name":"Link","first_name":"Mason M."},{"full_name":"Kim, Seong H.","last_name":"Kim","first_name":"Seong H."},{"first_name":"Devin L.","full_name":"Schrader, Devin L.","last_name":"Schrader"},{"first_name":"Adriana","full_name":"Blanco, Adriana","last_name":"Blanco"},{"last_name":"Gracia","full_name":"Gracia, Francisco","first_name":"Francisco"},{"first_name":"Nicolás","full_name":"Mujica, Nicolás","last_name":"Mujica"},{"last_name":"Waitukaitis","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-03-24T06:57:08Z","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/colliding-dust-and-the-sparks-of-creation/","description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release"}]},"citation":{"ista":"Grosjean GM, Ostermann M, Sauer M, Hahn M, Pichler CM, Fahrnberger F, Pertl F, Balazs D, Link MM, Kim SH, Schrader DL, Blanco A, Gracia F, Mujica N, Waitukaitis SR. 2026. Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. Nature. 651(8106), 626–631.","ama":"Grosjean GM, Ostermann M, Sauer M, et al. Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. <i>Nature</i>. 2026;651(8106):626-631. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w\">10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w</a>","short":"G.M. Grosjean, M. Ostermann, M. Sauer, M. Hahn, C.M. Pichler, F. Fahrnberger, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, M.M. Link, S.H. Kim, D.L. Schrader, A. Blanco, F. Gracia, N. Mujica, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 651 (2026) 626–631.","mla":"Grosjean, Galien M., et al. “Adventitious Carbon Breaks Symmetry in Oxide Contact Electrification.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 651, no. 8106, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 626–31, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w\">10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w</a>.","chicago":"Grosjean, Galien M, Markus Ostermann, Markus Sauer, Michael Hahn, Christian M. Pichler, Florian Fahrnberger, Felix Pertl, et al. “Adventitious Carbon Breaks Symmetry in Oxide Contact Electrification.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w</a>.","ieee":"G. M. Grosjean <i>et al.</i>, “Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 651, no. 8106. Springer Nature, pp. 626–631, 2026.","apa":"Grosjean, G. M., Ostermann, M., Sauer, M., Hahn, M., Pichler, C. M., Fahrnberger, F., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2026). Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10088-w</a>"},"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"949120","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics"},{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa":1,"OA_type":"hybrid","issue":"8106","ddc":["540"],"day":"18","publication":"Nature","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       651","type":"journal_article","year":"2026","month":"03","title":"Adventitious carbon breaks symmetry in oxide contact electrification","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":12245694,"file_id":"21494","checksum":"dafef9ed575b44be4263e948a47ae056","file_name":"2026_Nature_Grosjean.pdf","date_updated":"2026-03-24T06:57:08Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2026-03-24T06:57:08Z"}],"acknowledgement":"This project has received support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 949120) and from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme (grant agreement no. 754411). We acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. N.M. acknowledges support from grant Fondecyt 1221597. G.G. is a Serra Húnter fellow. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank the Modic group for the use of the Laue camera, T. Zauner for the photography of the experimental set-up and R. Möller for insightful discussions. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","date_published":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z"},{"OA_place":"repository","status":"public","extern":"1","_id":"21798","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-05-05T11:10:07Z","page":"920-926","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.17675","open_access":"1"}],"date_created":"2026-05-05T11:05:31Z","volume":651,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2509.17675"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","abstract":[{"text":"Phase singularities—points carrying quantized topological charge—are universal features found across diverse wave systems from superfluids and superconductors to acoustic and optical fields1,2,3,4. Ensembles of these singularities exhibit distance correlations resembling particles in liquids5,6,7,8, extensively studied for their role in exotic material phases9,10,11. By contrast, the full correlations in phase space that govern the system evolution have remained unexplored and experimentally inaccessible. Here we directly measure the ultrafast dynamics of optical singularity ensembles, capturing their full phase-space correlations, presenting the joint distance–velocity distribution. Our observations show a breakdown of the particle-singularity analogy12: phase singularities accelerate towards formally divergent velocities in the moment before annihilation7,13,14, indicated by measurements of velocities exceeding the speed of light. These apparent superluminal velocities are paradoxically amplified by the slow group velocity of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in our material platform, hexagonal boron nitride membranes15,16,17,18,19. We demonstrate these phenomena using combined hardware and algorithmic advances in ultrafast electron microscopy18,20,21,22,23,24,25, achieving spatial and temporal resolutions, each an order of magnitude below the polaritonic wavelength and cycle period. Our findings deepen our understanding of phase singularities and their universality, enabling to probe topological defect dynamics at previously unattainable timescales.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"T. Bucher, A. Gorlach, A. Niedermayr, Q. Yan, H. Nahari, K. Wang, R. Ruimy, Y. Adiv, M. Yannai, T.L. Abudi, E. Janzen, C. Spaegele, C. Roques-Carmes, J.H. Edgar, F.H.L. Koppens, G.M. Vanacore, H. H. Sheinfux, S. Tsesses, I. Kaminer, Nature 651 (2026) 920–926.","ama":"Bucher T, Gorlach A, Niedermayr A, et al. Superluminal correlations in ensembles of optical phase singularities. <i>Nature</i>. 2026;651(8107):920-926. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z\">10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z</a>","ista":"Bucher T, Gorlach A, Niedermayr A, Yan Q, Nahari H, Wang K, Ruimy R, Adiv Y, Yannai M, Abudi TL, Janzen E, Spaegele C, Roques-Carmes C, Edgar JH, Koppens FHL, Vanacore GM, H. Sheinfux H, Tsesses S, Kaminer I. 2026. Superluminal correlations in ensembles of optical phase singularities. Nature. 651(8107), 920–926.","apa":"Bucher, T., Gorlach, A., Niedermayr, A., Yan, Q., Nahari, H., Wang, K., … Kaminer, I. (2026). Superluminal correlations in ensembles of optical phase singularities. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z</a>","ieee":"T. Bucher <i>et al.</i>, “Superluminal correlations in ensembles of optical phase singularities,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 651, no. 8107. Springer Nature, pp. 920–926, 2026.","mla":"Bucher, T., et al. “Superluminal Correlations in Ensembles of Optical Phase Singularities.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 651, no. 8107, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 920–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z\">10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z</a>.","chicago":"Bucher, T., A. Gorlach, A. Niedermayr, Q. Yan, H. Nahari, K. Wang, R. Ruimy, et al. “Superluminal Correlations in Ensembles of Optical Phase Singularities.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10209-z</a>."},"author":[{"first_name":"T.","full_name":"Bucher, T.","last_name":"Bucher"},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Gorlach, A.","last_name":"Gorlach"},{"full_name":"Niedermayr, A.","last_name":"Niedermayr","first_name":"A."},{"last_name":"Yan","full_name":"Yan, Q.","first_name":"Q."},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Nahari","full_name":"Nahari, H."},{"first_name":"K.","full_name":"Wang, K.","last_name":"Wang"},{"first_name":"R.","full_name":"Ruimy, R.","last_name":"Ruimy"},{"first_name":"Y.","last_name":"Adiv","full_name":"Adiv, Y."},{"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Yannai","full_name":"Yannai, M."},{"full_name":"Abudi, T. L.","last_name":"Abudi","first_name":"T. L."},{"full_name":"Janzen, E.","last_name":"Janzen","first_name":"E."},{"full_name":"Spaegele, C.","last_name":"Spaegele","first_name":"C."},{"id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82","first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Roques-Carmes","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles"},{"last_name":"Edgar","full_name":"Edgar, J. H.","first_name":"J. H."},{"last_name":"Koppens","full_name":"Koppens, F. H. L.","first_name":"F. H. L."},{"first_name":"G. M.","last_name":"Vanacore","full_name":"Vanacore, G. M."},{"last_name":"H. Sheinfux","full_name":"H. Sheinfux, H.","first_name":"H."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Tsesses","full_name":"Tsesses, S."},{"full_name":"Kaminer, I.","last_name":"Kaminer","first_name":"I."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"arxiv":1,"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       651","issue":"8107","OA_type":"green","publication":"Nature","day":"25","month":"03","title":"Superluminal correlations in ensembles of optical phase singularities","date_published":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","year":"2026"},{"year":"2026","date_published":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank O. Gruss, E. Handley, H. Herzel, A. Kania, A. Koseska, E. Kiermaier, D. Manstein, C. Niessen, K. Rottner, J. Schiweck, G. Tavosanis, D. Wachten, R. Wedlich-Söldner and W. Witke for critically reading and discussing the manuscript; C. Günter and V. Štimac for feedback on data presentation; B. Randel, J. Benner, L. Meyn and A.-T. Pham for technical assistance; L. M. Neußer, K. Herz, K. Van-De-Kamp and M. Diwo for their support on mice maintenance; H. Fried, I. Koenig, S. Filser and Y. Fu for their technical support on experimental setup; and M. Aghabeig for writing the Fiji macro scripts. C.H.C. was a Human Frontier Science Program Long-term Postdoctoral Fellow (LT000100/2013). F.B. is supported by the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), the International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia, Wings for Life, ERANET AXON REPAIR, ERANET RATER SCI and the Chan–Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). F.B. is also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)–Project-ID 227953431–SFB 1089, SFB 1690 as well as SFB 1158 and SPP 2395. F.B. is a member of the excellence cluster ImmunoSensation2 (EXC2151–390873048) and the iBehave NRW network. F.B. is a recipient of the Roger de Spoelberch Prize. F.K.M.S. acknowledges support from Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P33367. A.N. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 18H02410 and 21H02440). Open access funding provided by Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE) in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft.","title":"An intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillator establishes neuronal polarity","month":"07","publication":"Nature","day":"08","ddc":["570"],"OA_type":"hybrid","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","publication_status":"epub_ahead","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"project":[{"name":"Structure and isoform diversity of the Arp2/3 complex","grant_number":"P33367","_id":"9B954C5C-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"}],"citation":{"apa":"Lin, T. C., Coles, C. H., Alfadil, E., Fäßler, F., Husch, A., Dupraz, S., … Bradke, F. (2026). An intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillator establishes neuronal polarity. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6</a>","chicago":"Lin, Tien Chen, Charlotte H. Coles, Eissa Alfadil, Florian Fäßler, Andreas Husch, Sebastian Dupraz, Thorben Pietralla, et al. “An Intrinsic Cytoskeletal Oscillator Establishes Neuronal Polarity.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6</a>.","ieee":"T. C. Lin <i>et al.</i>, “An intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillator establishes neuronal polarity,” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026.","mla":"Lin, Tien Chen, et al. “An Intrinsic Cytoskeletal Oscillator Establishes Neuronal Polarity.” <i>Nature</i>, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6\">10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6</a>.","short":"T.C. Lin, C.H. Coles, E. Alfadil, F. Fäßler, A. Husch, S. Dupraz, T. Pietralla, A. Narita, M. Schelski, K.C. Flynn, S. Stern, C. Möhl, B.J. Hilton, F. Vauti, H.H. Arnold, F.K. Schur, F. Bradke, Nature (2026).","ama":"Lin TC, Coles CH, Alfadil E, et al. An intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillator establishes neuronal polarity. <i>Nature</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6\">10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6</a>","ista":"Lin TC, Coles CH, Alfadil E, Fäßler F, Husch A, Dupraz S, Pietralla T, Narita A, Schelski M, Flynn KC, Stern S, Möhl C, Hilton BJ, Vauti F, Arnold HH, Schur FK, Bradke F. 2026. An intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillator establishes neuronal polarity. Nature."},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","author":[{"first_name":"Tien Chen","last_name":"Lin","full_name":"Lin, Tien Chen"},{"last_name":"Coles","full_name":"Coles, Charlotte H.","first_name":"Charlotte H."},{"last_name":"Alfadil","full_name":"Alfadil, Eissa","first_name":"Eissa"},{"full_name":"Fäßler, Florian","last_name":"Fäßler","id":"404F5528-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-7149-769X","first_name":"Florian"},{"full_name":"Husch, Andreas","last_name":"Husch","first_name":"Andreas"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Dupraz","full_name":"Dupraz, Sebastian"},{"last_name":"Pietralla","full_name":"Pietralla, Thorben","first_name":"Thorben"},{"full_name":"Narita, Akihiro","last_name":"Narita","first_name":"Akihiro"},{"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Schelski","full_name":"Schelski, Max"},{"full_name":"Flynn, Kevin C.","last_name":"Flynn","first_name":"Kevin C."},{"first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Stern","full_name":"Stern, Sina"},{"full_name":"Möhl, Christoph","last_name":"Möhl","first_name":"Christoph"},{"first_name":"Brett J.","full_name":"Hilton, Brett J.","last_name":"Hilton"},{"last_name":"Vauti","full_name":"Vauti, Franz","first_name":"Franz"},{"first_name":"Hans Henning","full_name":"Arnold, Hans Henning","last_name":"Arnold"},{"full_name":"Schur, Florian Km","last_name":"Schur","orcid":"0000-0003-4790-8078","first_name":"Florian Km","id":"48AD8942-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Frank","full_name":"Bradke, Frank","last_name":"Bradke"}],"researchdata_availability":"yes","abstract":[{"text":"Neurons acquire polarity by specifying one neurite as the axon, whereas the others become dendrites. But how this fundamental asymmetry is established remains unclear1. Neuronal polarization has been thought to rely primarily on growth cones that sense external cues2. Here we show that growth cones alone do not direct this process and that the soma acts as a central organizer of neuronal polarization. Using live imaging and genetic loss-of-function approaches in vivo, combined with optogenetic control and local cytoskeletal perturbations in cultured neurons, we uncover a soma-initiated oscillatory program that primes axon selection. Periodic actin branching that depends on the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex at the soma remodels a global actomyosin network, thereby generating an actin wave that retracts neurites before propagating into a single neurite tip. Exposure to this wave relaxes local actomyosin contractility, which drives a transient microtubule-based protrusion and biases this neurite towards axon fate. As the cell exits this oscillatory stage, this neurite can overcome global inhibition and extend independently of ARP2/3, whereas actomyosin activity suppresses axon formation in the remaining neurites so that they subsequently become dendrites. This soma-driven mechanism ensures the emergence of a single axon independent of environmental cues and underpins the unidirectional information flow in neuronal circuits.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"pmid":["42420447"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6","das_tickbox":"1","date_created":"2026-07-19T22:01:48Z","has_accepted_license":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6","open_access":"1"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-07-20T14:18:10Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10755-6","_id":"22372","department":[{"_id":"FlSc"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"OA_place":"publisher","dataavailabilitystatement":"The raw data of the representative images have been deposited into Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20118606)99. Owing to the large file size of the raw image data and the processed data used in the analyses that generated the graphs, we archived the image files in the read-only file archive at the DZNE institute. We provide raw data files upon request. The request can be directed to and will be fulfilled by the lead contact F.B. Source data are provided with this paper. The custom ImageJ macro used for generating kymographs, extracting neurite tip positions and protein intensities is available at GitHub (https://github.com/darkbreaker0/IJ_NeuriteGrowthScript) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20118606)99. The custom R and Python scripts used in the study are available at GitHub (https://github.com/darkbreaker0/Arp3_neuronal_polarization_2026) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20118606)99. The code used for polarity determination of the actin filament in tomograms is available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20081075)93.","status":"public"},{"date_created":"2026-01-08T07:57:17Z","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9","external_id":{"pmid":["41501459"]},"volume":649,"das_tickbox":"1","department":[{"_id":"JaBr"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"dataavailabilitystatement":"The Illumina-based PFS screen data and the direct RNA Nanopore sequencing reads have been deposited into the European Nucleotide Archive under accession code PRJEB88250 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB88250). Models and associated cryo-EM maps have been deposited into the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMD) and PDB databases with the following accession codes: Ba1Cas12a3 binary complex (EMD-52275; PDB: 9HLX); Ba1Cas12a3 ternary complex (EMD-52287; PDB: 9HM6); Ba1Cas12a3 quaternary complex at pre-cleavage state (EMD-52285; PDB: 9HM4); and Ba1Cas12a3 quaternary complex at post-cleavage state (EMD-52286; PDB: 9HM5). Raw gel images are included as Supplementary Fig. 1. Source data are provided with this paper.","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","page":"1312-1321","date_updated":"2026-07-27T10:36:28Z","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","_id":"20963","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9","day":"29","publication":"Nature","OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["570"],"article_type":"original","intvolume":"       649","type":"journal_article","year":"2026","date_published":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_created":"2026-07-27T10:35:26Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_name":"2026_Nature_Dmytrenko.pdf","checksum":"f6b40af573fc7c0c0195e1428b1d0143","file_id":"22415","date_updated":"2026-07-27T10:35:26Z","file_size":28253320,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Ł. Koziej for processing of the initial cryo-EM datasets, S. Schmelz for support in cryo-EM, A. Gatzemeier for assistance in the purification of dBa1Cas12a3, R. Rarose for support with the in vitro RNA experiments, M. Kaminski for providing purified PsmCas13b protein, L. Schönemann for protein purification, and C. Krempl and S. Backesfor providing the RSV and influenza A transcript-encoding plasmids. This work was supported through funding by the European Research Council (101001394 to S.G.; 865973 and 101158249 to C.L.B.), the R. Gaurth Hansen Family (to R.N.J.), the National Institutes of Health (R35GM138080 to R.N.J.), the PostDoc Plus Program from the Graduate School of Life Sciences at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (to O.D.), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–The Berlin Mathematics Research Center MATH+ (EXC−2046/1, project ID: 390685689 to M.v.K.). Open access funding provided by Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH (HZI).","month":"01","title":"RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity","author":[{"full_name":"Dmytrenko, Oleg","last_name":"Dmytrenko","first_name":"Oleg"},{"first_name":"Biao","full_name":"Yuan, Biao","last_name":"Yuan"},{"last_name":"Crosby","full_name":"Crosby, Kadin T.","first_name":"Kadin T."},{"full_name":"Krebel, Max","last_name":"Krebel","first_name":"Max"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Xiye","first_name":"Xiye"},{"full_name":"Nowak, Jakub S.","last_name":"Nowak","first_name":"Jakub S."},{"last_name":"Chramiec-Głąbik","full_name":"Chramiec-Głąbik, Andrzej","first_name":"Andrzej"},{"full_name":"Filani, Bamidele","last_name":"Filani","first_name":"Bamidele"},{"first_name":"Anne-Sophie","full_name":"Gribling-Burrer, Anne-Sophie","last_name":"Gribling-Burrer"},{"full_name":"van der Toorn, Wiep","last_name":"van der Toorn","first_name":"Wiep"},{"first_name":"Max","full_name":"von Kleist, Max","last_name":"von Kleist"},{"first_name":"Tatjana","full_name":"Achmedov, Tatjana","last_name":"Achmedov"},{"first_name":"Redmond P.","full_name":"Smyth, Redmond P.","last_name":"Smyth"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Glatt","full_name":"Glatt, Sebastian"},{"full_name":"Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly","last_name":"Bravo","first_name":"Jack Peter Kelly","orcid":"0000-0003-0456-0753","id":"96aecfa5-8931-11ee-af30-aa6a5d6eee0e"},{"full_name":"Heinz, Dirk W.","last_name":"Heinz","first_name":"Dirk W."},{"first_name":"Ryan N.","last_name":"Jackson","full_name":"Jackson, Ryan N."},{"full_name":"Beisel, Chase L.","last_name":"Beisel","first_name":"Chase L."}],"file_date_updated":"2026-07-27T10:35:26Z","supplementarymaterial":"yes","citation":{"mla":"Dmytrenko, Oleg, et al. “RNA-Triggered Cas12a3 Cleaves TRNA Tails to Execute Bacterial Immunity.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 649, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 1312–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9\">10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9</a>.","chicago":"Dmytrenko, Oleg, Biao Yuan, Kadin T. Crosby, Max Krebel, Xiye Chen, Jakub S. Nowak, Andrzej Chramiec-Głąbik, et al. “RNA-Triggered Cas12a3 Cleaves TRNA Tails to Execute Bacterial Immunity.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9</a>.","ieee":"O. Dmytrenko <i>et al.</i>, “RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 649. Springer Nature, pp. 1312–1321, 2026.","apa":"Dmytrenko, O., Yuan, B., Crosby, K. T., Krebel, M., Chen, X., Nowak, J. S., … Beisel, C. L. (2026). RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9</a>","ista":"Dmytrenko O, Yuan B, Crosby KT, Krebel M, Chen X, Nowak JS, Chramiec-Głąbik A, Filani B, Gribling-Burrer A-S, van der Toorn W, von Kleist M, Achmedov T, Smyth RP, Glatt S, Bravo JPK, Heinz DW, Jackson RN, Beisel CL. 2026. RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity. Nature. 649, 1312–1321.","ama":"Dmytrenko O, Yuan B, Crosby KT, et al. RNA-triggered Cas12a3 cleaves tRNA tails to execute bacterial immunity. <i>Nature</i>. 2026;649:1312-1321. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9\">10.1038/s41586-025-09852-9</a>","short":"O. Dmytrenko, B. Yuan, K.T. Crosby, M. Krebel, X. Chen, J.S. Nowak, A. Chramiec-Głąbik, B. Filani, A.-S. Gribling-Burrer, W. van der Toorn, M. von Kleist, T. Achmedov, R.P. Smyth, S. Glatt, J.P.K. Bravo, D.W. Heinz, R.N. Jackson, C.L. Beisel, Nature 649 (2026) 1312–1321."},"pmid":1,"researchdata_availability":"yes","abstract":[{"text":"In all domains of life, tRNAs mediate the transfer of genetic information from mRNAs to proteins. As their depletion suppresses translation and, consequently, viral replication, tRNAs represent long-standing and increasingly recognized targets of innate immunity1,2,3,4,5. Here we report Cas12a3 effector nucleases from type V CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune systems in bacteria that preferentially cleave tRNAs after recognition of target RNA. Cas12a3 orthologues belong to one of two previously unreported nuclease clades that exhibit RNA-mediated cleavage of non-target RNA, and are distinct from all other known type V systems. Through cell-based and biochemical assays and direct RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that recognition of a complementary target RNA by the CRISPR RNA triggers Cas12a3 to cleave the conserved 5′-CCA-3′ tail of diverse tRNAs to drive growth arrest and anti-phage defence. Cryogenic electron microscopy structures further revealed a distinct tRNA-loading domain that positions the tRNA tail in the RuvC active site of the nuclease. By designing synthetic reporters that mimic the tRNA acceptor stem and tail, we expanded the capacity of current CRISPR-based diagnostics for multiplexed RNA detection. Overall, these findings reveal widespread tRNA inactivation as a previously unrecognized CRISPR-based immune strategy that broadens the application space of the existing CRISPR toolbox.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]}},{"dataavailabilitystatement":"Single-nucleus multiomics data are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE328363). The mm10 reference genome was used for the alignment (refdata-cellranger-arc-mm10-2020-A-2.0.0, obtained from https://cf.10xgenomics.com/supp/cell-arc/refdata-cellranger-arc-mm10-2020-A-2.0.0.tar.gz). Single-cell data can be accessed and visualized through a CELLxGENE database (https://adameykolab.hifo.meduniwien.ac.at/cellxgene_public/filecrawl/.2026_Nature_Schwarz). Source data are provided with this paper. Scripts and analyses that support the main findings of this study are accessible in a GitHub repository (https://git.ista.ac.at/research-sofware/mouseome).","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"department":[{"_id":"AnKi"},{"_id":"GaNo"},{"_id":"TiVo"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1","_id":"22295","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","date_updated":"2026-08-04T09:29:55Z","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1"}],"PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2026-07-13T09:47:21Z","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1","external_id":{"pmid":["42310454"]},"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","pmid":1,"corr_author":"1","researchdata_availability":"yes","abstract":[{"text":"Despite the functional diversity of over 100 causal genes1,2,3, phenotypic convergence across models may reveal common neurobiological processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we profiled 251 samples from 11 monogenic mouse models of ASD using single-nucleus multi-omic sequencing across three developmental stages, both sexes and two brain regions. Despite genetic heterogeneity, ASD-linked mutations converged on perturbations of the radial glial cell lineage. These alterations reflect a transient developmental delay rather than lasting lineage misspecification and resolve by postnatal stages. Molecularly, the largest transcriptional differences emerged in neurons at early postnatal stages. These changes included downregulation of synaptic and ion channel-related genes, consistent with homeostatic adaptation or delayed maturation. Network analysis showed molecular convergence across models within each developmental stage, suggesting that diverse mutations linked to ASD impinge on common, stage-specific processes. Convergence becomes less pronounced by postnatal day 14, highlighting the dynamic nature of ASD-associated changes. Cross-genotype heterogeneity is superimposed on stage-specific effects. Electrophysiology corroborated this pattern: mutants generally showed altered neuronal excitability and synaptic properties with model-specific nuances. Our study also highlighted sex-specific gene expression alterations, with female mice often displaying larger effect sizes than male mice. Together, our findings provide a comprehensive view of developmental cellular and molecular dynamics across models of ASD.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Schwarz","full_name":"Schwarz, Lena A","id":"29A8453C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Lena A"},{"last_name":"Dotter","full_name":"Dotter, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph","id":"4C66542E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-9033-9096"},{"last_name":"Isaev","full_name":"Isaev, Sergey","first_name":"Sergey"},{"last_name":"Lisi","full_name":"Lisi, Michela","id":"39383c1b-d3eb-11ef-8d6c-c8cdf4e10c8c","first_name":"Michela"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Malzl, Daniel","last_name":"Malzl"},{"last_name":"Büschl","full_name":"Büschl, Christoph","id":"2a8c054c-0913-11ee-9159-f8ef515809ed","first_name":"Christoph"},{"full_name":"Ladstätter, Sabrina","last_name":"Ladstätter","first_name":"Sabrina"},{"id":"3B03AA1A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Bárbara","full_name":"Oliveira, Bárbara","last_name":"Oliveira"},{"id":"8959927b-2236-11ed-bd6e-ea83d94ade0e","first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Barel","full_name":"Barel, Matteo"},{"id":"36035796-5ACA-11E9-A75E-7AF2E5697425","orcid":"0000-0003-1843-3173","first_name":"Bernadette","last_name":"Basilico","full_name":"Basilico, Bernadette"},{"last_name":"Chintaluri","full_name":"Chintaluri, Chaitanya","id":"BA06AFEE-A4BA-11EA-AE5C-14673DDC885E","first_name":"Chaitanya","orcid":"0000-0003-4252-1608"},{"id":"f141a35d-15a9-11ec-9fb2-fef6becc7b6f","first_name":"Sarah","full_name":"Gorkiewicz, Sarah","last_name":"Gorkiewicz"},{"first_name":"Mohammad","id":"3384113A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Goudarzi","full_name":"Goudarzi, Mohammad"},{"full_name":"Belinova, Tereza","last_name":"Belinova","first_name":"Tereza","id":"0bf89b6a-d28b-11eb-8bd6-f43768e4d368"},{"first_name":"Stephan","last_name":"Reichl","full_name":"Reichl, Stephan"},{"full_name":"Sendžikaitė, Gintarė","last_name":"Sendžikaitė","first_name":"Gintarė","id":"dd6d52f2-c50d-11eb-9548-bcf0ff82b344"},{"id":"b0bbee33-09f7-11eb-909c-8b358058d28a","orcid":"0000-0002-2479-2669","first_name":"Satish","full_name":"Arcot Jayaram, Satish","last_name":"Arcot Jayaram"},{"id":"3B8B25A8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter","orcid":"0000-0002-3509-1948","full_name":"Koppensteiner, Peter","last_name":"Koppensteiner"},{"full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","last_name":"Sommer","first_name":"Christoph M","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105","id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"CB6FF8D2-008F-11EA-8E08-2637E6697425","first_name":"Tim P","orcid":"0000-0003-3295-6181","last_name":"Vogels","full_name":"Vogels, Tim P"},{"first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Menche, Jörg","last_name":"Menche"},{"first_name":"Igor","full_name":"Adameyko, Igor","last_name":"Adameyko"},{"first_name":"Peter Vasili","id":"0095641e-7eb7-11f1-8665-aec51a2ab5e0","last_name":"Kharchenko","full_name":"Kharchenko, Peter Vasili"},{"full_name":"Bock, Christoph","last_name":"Bock","first_name":"Christoph"},{"last_name":"Novarino","full_name":"Novarino, Gaia","first_name":"Gaia","id":"3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7673-7178"}],"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/patterns-in-genetic-chaos/","description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release"}]},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","citation":{"ista":"Schwarz LA, Dotter C, Isaev S, Lisi M, Malzl D, Büschl C, Ladstätter S, Oliveira B, Barel M, Basilico B, Chintaluri C, Gorkiewicz S, Goudarzi M, Belinova T, Reichl S, Sendžikaitė G, Arcot Jayaram S, Koppensteiner P, Sommer CM, Vogels TP, Menche J, Adameyko I, Kharchenko PV, Bock C, Novarino G. 2026. Cortical development dynamics across autism spectrum disorder mouse models. Nature.","short":"L.A. Schwarz, C. Dotter, S. Isaev, M. Lisi, D. Malzl, C. Büschl, S. Ladstätter, B. Oliveira, M. Barel, B. Basilico, C. Chintaluri, S. Gorkiewicz, M. Goudarzi, T. Belinova, S. Reichl, G. Sendžikaitė, S. Arcot Jayaram, P. Koppensteiner, C.M. Sommer, T.P. Vogels, J. Menche, I. Adameyko, P.V. Kharchenko, C. Bock, G. Novarino, Nature (2026).","ama":"Schwarz LA, Dotter C, Isaev S, et al. Cortical development dynamics across autism spectrum disorder mouse models. <i>Nature</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1\">10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1</a>","mla":"Schwarz, Lena A., et al. “Cortical Development Dynamics across Autism Spectrum Disorder Mouse Models.” <i>Nature</i>, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1\">10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1</a>.","chicago":"Schwarz, Lena A, Christoph Dotter, Sergey Isaev, Michela Lisi, Daniel Malzl, Christoph Büschl, Sabrina Ladstätter, et al. “Cortical Development Dynamics across Autism Spectrum Disorder Mouse Models.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1</a>.","ieee":"L. A. Schwarz <i>et al.</i>, “Cortical development dynamics across autism spectrum disorder mouse models,” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026.","apa":"Schwarz, L. A., Dotter, C., Isaev, S., Lisi, M., Malzl, D., Büschl, C., … Novarino, G. (2026). Cortical development dynamics across autism spectrum disorder mouse models. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10679-1</a>"},"project":[{"name":"Toward an understanding of the brain interstitial system and the extracellular proteome in health and autism spectrum disorders","_id":"34ba8964-11ca-11ed-8bc3-e15864e7e9a6","grant_number":"101044865"},{"_id":"9B91375C-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"707964","name":"Critical windows and reversibility of ASD associated with mutations in chromatin remodelers"},{"name":"Molecular Drug Targets","_id":"2548AE96-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"W1232"},{"grant_number":"FG1803 49015","_id":"ebb38b5d-77a9-11ec-83b8-a42e08120a88","name":"Neurobiology of anxiety in autism spectrum disorders"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"epub_ahead","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["570"],"day":"17","publication":"Nature","month":"06","title":"Cortical development dynamics across autism spectrum disorder mouse models","acknowledgement":"We thank F. Freeman, V. Voronin and M. Ladron de Guevara for technical assistance; A. Stichelberger and S. Liegenfeld for the management of our animal colony; M. Schunn, C. Gold and the Preclinical Facility team for technical assistance; C. Jansen and the Scientific Computing Facility for bioinformatics support and technical assistance; the Biomedical Sequencing Facility at CeMM for assistance with next-generation sequencing; and J. Lin and T. Krausgruber in the laboratory of C. Bock for support with flow cytometry; J. Kirchner for illustrating the multi-omics approach depicted in Fig. 1; and all members of the laboratory of G.N. for their support and discussions. This study was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the Imaging & Optics Facility and the Laboratory Support Facility. Bulk RNA-seq was performed by the Next Generation Sequencing Facility at Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, member of the Vienna BioCenter. This work was supported by a European Research Council Consolidator Grant (PR1028ERC02), by SFARI (PR1028SIM02) and by the Austrian Science Fund (PE1028W1232 and PR1028FG1803) to G.N. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","date_published":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","year":"2026"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","citation":{"short":"R.P. Naidu, J.J. Matthee, H. Katz, A. De Graaff, P.A. Oesch, A. Smith, J.E. Greene, G. Brammer, A. Weibel, R. Hviding, J. Chisholm, I. Labbé, R.A. Simcoe, C. Witten, W.Q. Sun, H. Atek, J.F.W. Baggen, S. Belli, R. Bezanson, L.A. Boogaard, S. Bose, R.J. Bouwens, A. Covelo-Paz, P. Dayal, Y. Fudamoto, L.J. Furtak, E. Giovinazzo, A. Goulding, M. Gronke, K.E. Heintz, M. Hirschmann, G. Illingworth, A.K. Inoue, B.D. Johnson, J. Leja, E. Leonova, I. Mcconachie, M.V. Maseda, P. Natarajan, E. Nelson, D.J. Setton, I. Shivaei, D. Sobral, M. Stefanon, S. Tacchella, S. Toft, A. Torralba Torregrosa, P. Van Dokkum, A. Van Der Wel, M. Volonteri, F. Walter, B. Wang, D. Watson, K. Whitaker, Nature 656 (2026) 329–333.","ama":"Naidu RP, Matthee JJ, Katz H, et al. A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn. <i>Nature</i>. 2026;656(8127):329-333. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4\">10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4</a>","ista":"Naidu RP, Matthee JJ, Katz H, De Graaff A, Oesch PA, Smith A, Greene JE, Brammer G, Weibel A, Hviding R, Chisholm J, Labbé I, Simcoe RA, Witten C, Sun WQ, Atek H, Baggen JFW, Belli S, Bezanson R, Boogaard LA, Bose S, Bouwens RJ, Covelo-Paz A, Dayal P, Fudamoto Y, Furtak LJ, Giovinazzo E, Goulding A, Gronke M, Heintz KE, Hirschmann M, Illingworth G, Inoue AK, Johnson BD, Leja J, Leonova E, Mcconachie I, Maseda MV, Natarajan P, Nelson E, Setton DJ, Shivaei I, Sobral D, Stefanon M, Tacchella S, Toft S, Torralba Torregrosa A, Van Dokkum P, Van Der Wel A, Volonteri M, Walter F, Wang B, Watson D, Whitaker K. 2026. A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn. Nature. 656(8127), 329–333.","apa":"Naidu, R. P., Matthee, J. J., Katz, H., De Graaff, A., Oesch, P. A., Smith, A., … Whitaker, K. (2026). A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4</a>","mla":"Naidu, Rohan P., et al. “A Gas-Enshrouded and Gas-Reddened Black Hole at Cosmic Dawn.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 656, no. 8127, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 329–33, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4\">10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4</a>.","chicago":"Naidu, Rohan P., Jorryt J Matthee, Harley Katz, Anna De Graaff, Pascal A. Oesch, Aaron Smith, Jenny E. Greene, et al. “A Gas-Enshrouded and Gas-Reddened Black Hole at Cosmic Dawn.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4</a>.","ieee":"R. P. Naidu <i>et al.</i>, “A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 656, no. 8127. Springer Nature, pp. 329–333, 2026."},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","file_date_updated":"2026-09-07T12:49:32Z","author":[{"last_name":"Naidu","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","first_name":"Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","first_name":"Jorryt J"},{"first_name":"Harley","full_name":"Katz, Harley","last_name":"Katz"},{"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"De Graaff","full_name":"De Graaff, Anna"},{"first_name":"Pascal A.","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","last_name":"Oesch"},{"full_name":"Smith, Aaron","last_name":"Smith","first_name":"Aaron"},{"last_name":"Greene","full_name":"Greene, Jenny E.","first_name":"Jenny E."},{"full_name":"Brammer, Gabriel","last_name":"Brammer","first_name":"Gabriel"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Weibel, Andrea","last_name":"Weibel"},{"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Hviding","full_name":"Hviding, Raphael"},{"first_name":"John","full_name":"Chisholm, John","last_name":"Chisholm"},{"first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Labbé","full_name":"Labbé, Ivo"},{"first_name":"Robert A.","full_name":"Simcoe, Robert A.","last_name":"Simcoe"},{"first_name":"Callum","full_name":"Witten, Callum","last_name":"Witten"},{"first_name":"Wendy Q.","last_name":"Sun","full_name":"Sun, Wendy Q."},{"full_name":"Atek, Hakim","last_name":"Atek","first_name":"Hakim"},{"full_name":"Baggen, Josephine F.W.","last_name":"Baggen","first_name":"Josephine F.W."},{"first_name":"Sirio","last_name":"Belli","full_name":"Belli, Sirio"},{"last_name":"Bezanson","full_name":"Bezanson, Rachel","first_name":"Rachel"},{"last_name":"Boogaard","full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert A.","first_name":"Leindert A."},{"last_name":"Bose","full_name":"Bose, Sownak","first_name":"Sownak"},{"first_name":"Rychard J.","full_name":"Bouwens, Rychard J.","last_name":"Bouwens"},{"first_name":"Alba","last_name":"Covelo-Paz","full_name":"Covelo-Paz, Alba"},{"first_name":"Pratika","last_name":"Dayal","full_name":"Dayal, Pratika"},{"first_name":"Yoshinobu","full_name":"Fudamoto, Yoshinobu","last_name":"Fudamoto"},{"first_name":"Lukas J.","last_name":"Furtak","full_name":"Furtak, Lukas J."},{"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Giovinazzo","full_name":"Giovinazzo, Emma"},{"first_name":"Andy","full_name":"Goulding, Andy","last_name":"Goulding"},{"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Gronke","full_name":"Gronke, Max"},{"full_name":"Heintz, Kasper E.","last_name":"Heintz","first_name":"Kasper E."},{"last_name":"Hirschmann","full_name":"Hirschmann, Michaela","first_name":"Michaela"},{"full_name":"Illingworth, Garth","last_name":"Illingworth","first_name":"Garth"},{"last_name":"Inoue","full_name":"Inoue, Akio K.","first_name":"Akio K."},{"first_name":"Benjamin D.","last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, Benjamin D."},{"first_name":"Joel","full_name":"Leja, Joel","last_name":"Leja"},{"first_name":"Ecaterina","full_name":"Leonova, Ecaterina","last_name":"Leonova"},{"last_name":"Mcconachie","full_name":"Mcconachie, Ian","first_name":"Ian"},{"full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"Michael V."},{"first_name":"Priyamvada","last_name":"Natarajan","full_name":"Natarajan, Priyamvada"},{"first_name":"Erica","full_name":"Nelson, Erica","last_name":"Nelson"},{"last_name":"Setton","full_name":"Setton, David J.","first_name":"David J."},{"first_name":"Irene","last_name":"Shivaei","full_name":"Shivaei, Irene"},{"first_name":"David","last_name":"Sobral","full_name":"Sobral, David"},{"last_name":"Stefanon","full_name":"Stefanon, Mauro","first_name":"Mauro"},{"last_name":"Tacchella","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro","first_name":"Sandro"},{"first_name":"Sune","full_name":"Toft, Sune","last_name":"Toft"},{"last_name":"Torralba Torregrosa","full_name":"Torralba Torregrosa, Alberto","first_name":"Alberto","id":"018f0249-0e87-11f0-b167-cbce08fbd541","orcid":"0000-0001-5586-6950"},{"last_name":"Van Dokkum","full_name":"Van Dokkum, Pieter","first_name":"Pieter"},{"first_name":"Arjen","full_name":"Van Der Wel, Arjen","last_name":"Van Der Wel"},{"first_name":"Marta","full_name":"Volonteri, Marta","last_name":"Volonteri"},{"full_name":"Walter, Fabian","last_name":"Walter","first_name":"Fabian"},{"first_name":"Bingjie","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie"},{"last_name":"Watson","full_name":"Watson, Darach","first_name":"Darach"},{"last_name":"Whitaker","full_name":"Whitaker, Katherine","first_name":"Katherine"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The physical processes that led to the formation of billion-solar-mass black holes within the first 700 million years of cosmic time, a period known as cosmic dawn, remain a puzzle1. Several theoretical scenarios have been proposed to seed and rapidly grow black holes2,3,4, but direct observations of these mechanisms remain elusive. Here we present a source 660 million years after the Big Bang that exhibits singular properties: among the largest hydrogen Balmer breaks reported at any redshift, broad multi-peaked Hβ emission, and Balmer line absorption in several transitions. We model this source as an enshrouded black hole in which the Balmer break and absorption features are a result of extremely dense, turbulent gas forming a dust-free envelope around a supermassive black hole5,6. This source may provide evidence of an early black hole embedded in dense gas—a theoretical configuration proposed to rapidly grow black holes by super-Eddington accretion7,8. Radiation from the black hole seems to dominate almost all observed light, leaving limited room for contribution from its host galaxy. If the source merged with its brighter neighbour, it would resemble the recently discovered ‘little red dots’ with perplexing spectral energy distributions9,10,11. The redness of the black hole is due to gas, not dust12,13, and scattering, not kinematics, gives rise to the complex line shapes and luminosities—black hole masses of these sources may therefore be overestimated by orders of magnitude."}],"researchdata_availability":"yes","pmid":1,"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       656","publication":"Nature","day":"13","ddc":["520"],"issue":"8127","OA_type":"hybrid","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2026-09-07T12:49:32Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":15134062,"file_id":"22841","checksum":"80127691cb39deb39948c337f6915f7b","file_name":"2026_Nature_Naidu.pdf","date_updated":"2026-09-07T12:49:32Z"}],"date_published":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs 5224 and 3543. R.P.N. is a NASA Hubble Fellow. D.J.S. is a Brinson Prize Fellow. Some of the data products presented in this study were retrieved from the DJA. DJA is an initiative of the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), which is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. We acknowledge funding from JWST programmes GO-3516, GO-5224 and GO-1837. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Funded by the European Union (ERC AGENTS, 101076224; HEAVYMETAL, 101071865; RED CARDINAL, 101076080). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. This work was also supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant no. 23H00131. The Cosmic Dawn Center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant DNRF140. P.N. acknowledges support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation that fund the Black Hole Initiative (BHI) at Harvard University, where she serves as an external prinicpal investigator. S. Bose acknowledges funding from a UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Future Leaders Fellowship (grant no. MR/V023381/1).","month":"08","title":"A gas-enshrouded and gas-reddened black hole at cosmic dawn","year":"2026","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","dataavailabilitystatement":"The prism spectra obtained as part of JWST-GO-5224 (MoM) featured in this work are available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15059214). All processed images and spectra used in this work are publicly available via the DAWN JWST archive (https://dawn-cph.github.io/dja/). All results presented may be reproduced with the open-access reduced data described above and using the following publicly available software whose use is referenced in the text: msaexp, grizli, astropy, Cloudy, SpectRes, pysersic, COLT and numpyro.","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","_id":"22751","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4","page":"329-333","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-09-07T12:50:34Z","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-08-23T22:01:46Z","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","das_tickbox":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["42587117"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10846-4","volume":656},{"date_created":"2026-08-23T22:01:47Z","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7","external_id":{"pmid":["42587153"]},"das_tickbox":"1","department":[{"_id":"SiHi"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","dataavailabilitystatement":"All data generated and analysed in this study are included in the paper, source data and/or Supplementary Tables 2 and 3. Raw sequencing data have been deposited with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) accession number GSE327470. Source data are provided with this paper. All scripts used to prepare data and figures for this manuscript are accessible on GitHub at https://github.com/fpauler/Temporal-Uncoupling-of-Radial-Glia-Lineage-Progression-in-Cortical-Organoid.","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"PreCl"}],"OA_place":"publisher","date_updated":"2026-09-09T07:11:02Z","scopus_import":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","_id":"22753","doi":"10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7","day":"12","publication":"Nature","OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["570"],"article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","year":"2026","acknowledgement":"We thank M. L. de Guevara, S. Jayaram and A. Heger for technical assistance with mESC derivation; M. Goudarzi for assistance with organoid imaging; M. Leeb and F. Freeman for advice in culturing mESCs and organoids; S. Gobeil and L. Sweeney for reagents and advice for organoid clearing; A. Heger for mouse colony management; J. Hauser for technical assistance; the Stanford Brain Organogenesis Workshop; and all members of the Hippenmeyer laboratory for discussion and/or comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of the Institute of Science and Technology, Austria through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility (IOF), Laboratory Support Facility (LSF) and Preclinical Facility (PCF). M.S. received funding from the European Commission (IST plus postdoctoral fellowship). This work was supported by ISTA institutional funds to S.H., FWF SFB F78 Neuro Stem Modulation to S.H., and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research And Innovation Program (grant agreement 725780 LinPro) to S.H. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","date_published":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":48513068,"date_updated":"2026-09-07T13:24:10Z","file_id":"22844","file_name":"2026_Nature_Stouffer.pdf","checksum":"11383e28fc430b28d2666f73833e8b56","success":1,"relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2026-09-07T13:24:10Z"}],"month":"08","title":"Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids","author":[{"full_name":"Stouffer, Melissa A","last_name":"Stouffer","id":"4C9372C4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Melissa A"},{"last_name":"Miranda","full_name":"Miranda, Osvaldo","orcid":"0000-0001-6618-6889","id":"862A3C56-A8BF-11E9-B4FA-D9E3E5697425","first_name":"Osvaldo"},{"last_name":"Pauler","full_name":"Pauler, Florian","first_name":"Florian","orcid":"0000-0002-7462-0048","id":"48EA0138-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Pipicelli, Fabrizia","last_name":"Pipicelli","first_name":"Fabrizia","id":"649134fd-d012-11ed-8f82-db1e5050f9ba"},{"last_name":"Streicher","full_name":"Streicher, Carmen","first_name":"Carmen","id":"36BCB99C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Cheung, Giselle T","last_name":"Cheung","id":"471195F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8457-2572","first_name":"Giselle T"},{"full_name":"Hippenmeyer, Simon","last_name":"Hippenmeyer","id":"37B36620-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Simon","orcid":"0000-0003-2279-1061"}],"citation":{"apa":"Stouffer, M. A., Miranda, O., Pauler, F., Pipicelli, F., Streicher, C., Cheung, G. T., &#38; Hippenmeyer, S. (2026). Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7</a>","ieee":"M. A. Stouffer <i>et al.</i>, “Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids,” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026.","chicago":"Stouffer, Melissa A, Osvaldo Miranda, Florian Pauler, Fabrizia Pipicelli, Carmen Streicher, Giselle T Cheung, and Simon Hippenmeyer. “Temporal Uncoupling of Radial Glia Lineage Progression in Cortical Organoids.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7</a>.","mla":"Stouffer, Melissa A., et al. “Temporal Uncoupling of Radial Glia Lineage Progression in Cortical Organoids.” <i>Nature</i>, Springer Nature, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7\">10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7</a>.","short":"M.A. Stouffer, O. Miranda, F. Pauler, F. Pipicelli, C. Streicher, G.T. Cheung, S. Hippenmeyer, Nature (2026).","ama":"Stouffer MA, Miranda O, Pauler F, et al. Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids. <i>Nature</i>. 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7\">10.1038/s41586-026-10916-7</a>","ista":"Stouffer MA, Miranda O, Pauler F, Pipicelli F, Streicher C, Cheung GT, Hippenmeyer S. 2026. Temporal uncoupling of radial glia lineage progression in cortical organoids. Nature."},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","file_date_updated":"2026-09-07T13:24:10Z","corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) produce all excitatory neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based lineage tracing in vivo has revealed a quantitative framework of RGP lineage progression1. Here we established MADM technology2,3 in mouse embryonic stem cells to probe RGP lineage progression in a self-organizing cortical organoid system. We found that RGPs exhibit a high level of plasticity in proliferative potential in organoids rather than strict temporally stereotyped lineage progression as observed in vivo. RGPs in organoids showed increased lineage restriction, diminishing cell-type diversity in clones of cortical projection neurons, despite uniform single-cell transcriptional signatures of RGPs and a unitary lineage trajectory. Thus, critical non-cell-autonomous cues that are absent in self-organizing systems and/or the genuine stem cell niche are essential for faithful temporal control of RGP lineage progression and the generation of clonal cortical cell-type diversity."}],"researchdata_availability":"yes","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"epub_ahead","quality_controlled":"1","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"project":[{"grant_number":"F7805","_id":"059F6AB4-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"Stem Cell Modulation in Neural Development and Regeneration/ P05-Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression"},{"grant_number":"725780","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260018B0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Principles of Neural Stem Cell Lineage Progression in Cerebral Cortex Development"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"oa":1,"arxiv":1,"pmid":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Non-Abelian gauge fields provide a conceptual framework to describe particles\r\nhaving spins, underlying many phenomena in electrodynamics, condensed-matter\r\nphysics and particle physics. Lattice models of non-Abelian gauge fields allow us\r\nto understand their physical implications in extended systems. The theoretical\r\nimportance of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields motivates their experimental synthesis\r\nand explorations. Photons are fundamental particles for which artificial gauge fields\r\ncan be synthesized, yet the demonstration of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for\r\nphotons has not been achieved. Here we demonstrate SU(2) lattice gauge fields for\r\nphotons in the synthetic frequency dimensions, a playground to study lattice\r\nphysics in a scalable and programmable way. In our lattice model, we theoretically\r\nobserve that homogeneous non-Abelian lattice gauge potentials induce Dirac cones\r\nat time-reversal-invariant momenta in the Brillouin zone. We experimentally confirm\r\nthe presence of non-Abelian lattice gauge fields by two signatures: linear band\r\ncrossings at the Dirac cones, and the associated direction reversal of eigenstate\r\ntrajectories. We further demonstrate a non-Abelian scalar lattice gauge potential that\r\nlifts the degeneracies of the Dirac cones. Our results highlight the implications of\r\nnon-Abelian lattice gauge fields in topological physics, and provide a starting point\r\nfor demonstrations of emerging non-Abelian physics in the photonic synthetic\r\ndimensions. Our results may also benefit photonic technologies by providing controls\r\nof photon spins and pseudo-spins in topologically non-trivial ways.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Cheng, Dali","last_name":"Cheng","first_name":"Dali"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Kai","first_name":"Kai"},{"last_name":"Roques-Carmes","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82"},{"full_name":"Lustig, Eran","last_name":"Lustig","first_name":"Eran"},{"last_name":"Long","full_name":"Long, Olivia Y.","first_name":"Olivia Y."},{"first_name":"Heming","full_name":"Wang, Heming","last_name":"Wang"},{"first_name":"Shanhui","last_name":"Fan","full_name":"Fan, Shanhui"}],"citation":{"short":"D. Cheng, K. Wang, C. Roques-Carmes, E. Lustig, O.Y. Long, H. Wang, S. Fan, Nature 637 (2025) 52–56.","ama":"Cheng D, Wang K, Roques-Carmes C, et al. Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;637(8044):52-56. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>","ista":"Cheng D, Wang K, Roques-Carmes C, Lustig E, Long OY, Wang H, Fan S. 2025. Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. Nature. 637(8044), 52–56.","apa":"Cheng, D., Wang, K., Roques-Carmes, C., Lustig, E., Long, O. Y., Wang, H., &#38; Fan, S. (2025). Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>","chicago":"Cheng, Dali, Kai Wang, Charles Roques-Carmes, Eran Lustig, Olivia Y. Long, Heming Wang, and Shanhui Fan. “Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Fields in Photonic Synthetic Frequency Dimensions.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>.","ieee":"D. Cheng <i>et al.</i>, “Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 637, no. 8044. Springer Nature, pp. 52–56, 2025.","mla":"Cheng, Dali, et al. “Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Fields in Photonic Synthetic Frequency Dimensions.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 637, no. 8044, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 52–56, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2\">10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2</a>."},"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2025","month":"01","title":"Non-Abelian lattice gauge fields in photonic synthetic frequency dimensions","date_published":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","OA_type":"green","issue":"8044","ddc":["530"],"day":"02","publication":"Nature","intvolume":"       637","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-04-27T07:14:06Z","page":"52-56","_id":"21548","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2","article_processing_charge":"No","status":"public","OA_place":"repository","extern":"1","volume":637,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08259-2","external_id":{"arxiv":["2406.00321"],"pmid":["39743600"]},"date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:47Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.00321","open_access":"1"}]},{"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publisher":"Springer Nature","author":[{"full_name":"Hua, Shiyue","last_name":"Hua","first_name":"Shiyue"},{"last_name":"Divita","full_name":"Divita, Erwan","first_name":"Erwan"},{"last_name":"Yu","full_name":"Yu, Shanshan","first_name":"Shanshan"},{"first_name":"Bo","last_name":"Peng","full_name":"Peng, Bo"},{"last_name":"Roques-Carmes","full_name":"Roques-Carmes, Charles","first_name":"Charles","id":"e2e68fc9-6505-11ef-a541-eb4e72cc3e82"},{"first_name":"Zhan","last_name":"Su","full_name":"Su, Zhan"},{"first_name":"Zhang","last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Zhang"},{"first_name":"Yanfei","full_name":"Bai, Yanfei","last_name":"Bai"},{"first_name":"Jinghui","full_name":"Zou, Jinghui","last_name":"Zou"},{"last_name":"Zhu","full_name":"Zhu, Yunpeng","first_name":"Yunpeng"},{"last_name":"Xu","full_name":"Xu, Yelong","first_name":"Yelong"},{"first_name":"Cheng-kuan","full_name":"Lu, Cheng-kuan","last_name":"Lu"},{"full_name":"Di, Yuemiao","last_name":"Di","first_name":"Yuemiao"},{"full_name":"Chen, Hui","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Hui"},{"last_name":"Jiang","full_name":"Jiang, Lushan","first_name":"Lushan"},{"first_name":"Lijie","full_name":"Wang, Lijie","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Ou","full_name":"Ou, Longwu","first_name":"Longwu"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Chaohong","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Chaohong"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Junjie","first_name":"Junjie"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Wen","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Wen"},{"full_name":"Zhu, Hongyan","last_name":"Zhu","first_name":"Hongyan"},{"first_name":"Weijun","last_name":"Kuang","full_name":"Kuang, Weijun"},{"first_name":"Long","full_name":"Wang, Long","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Meng, Huaiyu","last_name":"Meng","first_name":"Huaiyu"},{"full_name":"Steinman, Maurice","last_name":"Steinman","first_name":"Maurice"},{"last_name":"Shen","full_name":"Shen, Yichen","first_name":"Yichen"}],"citation":{"mla":"Hua, Shiyue, et al. “An Integrated Large-Scale Photonic Accelerator with Ultralow Latency.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 640, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 361–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6\">10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6</a>.","ieee":"S. Hua <i>et al.</i>, “An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 640. Springer Nature, pp. 361–367, 2025.","chicago":"Hua, Shiyue, Erwan Divita, Shanshan Yu, Bo Peng, Charles Roques-Carmes, Zhan Su, Zhang Chen, et al. “An Integrated Large-Scale Photonic Accelerator with Ultralow Latency.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6</a>.","apa":"Hua, S., Divita, E., Yu, S., Peng, B., Roques-Carmes, C., Su, Z., … Shen, Y. (2025). An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6</a>","ista":"Hua S, Divita E, Yu S, Peng B, Roques-Carmes C, Su Z, Chen Z, Bai Y, Zou J, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Lu C, Di Y, Chen H, Jiang L, Wang L, Ou L, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhu H, Kuang W, Wang L, Meng H, Steinman M, Shen Y. 2025. An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency. Nature. 640, 361–367.","short":"S. Hua, E. Divita, S. Yu, B. Peng, C. Roques-Carmes, Z. Su, Z. Chen, Y. Bai, J. Zou, Y. Zhu, Y. Xu, C. Lu, Y. Di, H. Chen, L. Jiang, L. Wang, L. Ou, C. Zhang, J. Chen, W. Zhang, H. Zhu, W. Kuang, L. Wang, H. Meng, M. Steinman, Y. Shen, Nature 640 (2025) 361–367.","ama":"Hua S, Divita E, Yu S, et al. An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;640:361-367. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6\">10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6</a>"},"pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Integrated photonics, particularly silicon photonics, have emerged as cutting-edge technology driven by promising applications such as short-reach communications, autonomous driving, biosensing and photonic computing1,2,3,4. As advances in AI lead to growing computing demands, photonic computing has gained considerable attention as an appealing candidate. Nonetheless, there are substantial technical challenges in the scaling up of integrated photonics systems to realize these advantages, such as ensuring consistent performance gains in upscaled integrated device clusters, establishing standard designs and verification processes for complex circuits, as well as packaging large-scale systems. These obstacles arise primarily because of the relative immaturity of integrated photonics manufacturing and the scarcity of advanced packaging solutions involving photonics. Here we report a large-scale integrated photonic accelerator comprising more than 16,000 photonic components. The accelerator is designed to deliver standard linear matrix multiply–accumulate (MAC) functions, enabling computing with high speed up to 1 GHz frequency and low latency as small as 3 ns per cycle. Logic, memory and control functions that support photonic matrix MAC operations were designed into a cointegrated electronics chip. To seamlessly integrate the electronics and photonics chips at the commercial scale, we have made use of an innovative 2.5D hybrid advanced packaging approach. Through the development of this accelerator system, we demonstrate an ultralow computation latency for heuristic solvers of computationally hard Ising problems whose performance greatly relies on the computing latency."}],"date_published":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","title":"An integrated large-scale photonic accelerator with ultralow latency","month":"04","year":"2025","intvolume":"       640","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","day":"09","publication":"Nature","OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["530"],"article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"21549","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6","page":"361-367","date_updated":"2026-04-27T08:38:44Z","scopus_import":"1","extern":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6","external_id":{"pmid":[" 40205213"]},"volume":640,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08786-6","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2026-03-30T12:22:47Z"},{"title":"Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase","month":"05","date_published":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","year":"2025","intvolume":"       641","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","OA_type":"hybrid","issue":"8062","ddc":["572"],"day":"08","publication":"Nature","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"text":"The mammalian fatty acid synthase (FASN) enzyme is a dynamic multienzyme that belongs to the megasynthase family. In mammals, a single gene encodes six catalytically active domains and a flexibly tethered acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain that shuttles intermediates between active sites for fatty acid biosynthesis1. FASN is an essential enzyme in mammalian development through the role that fatty acids have in membrane formation, energy storage, cell signalling and protein modifications. Thus, FASN is a promising target for treatment of a large variety of diseases including cancer, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and viral and parasite infections2,3. The multi-faceted mechanism of FASN and the dynamic nature of the protein, in particular of the ACP, have made it challenging to understand at the molecular level. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human FASN in a multitude of conformational states with NADPH and NADP+ plus acetoacetyl-CoA present, including structures with the ACP stalled at the dehydratase (DH) and enoyl-reductase (ER) domains. We show that FASN activity in vitro and de novo lipogenesis in cells is inhibited by mutations at the ACP–DH and ACP–ER interfaces. Together, these studies provide new molecular insights into the dynamic nature of FASN and the ACP shuttling mechanism, with implications for developing improved FASN-targeted therapeutics.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Kollin","full_name":"Schultz, Kollin","last_name":"Schultz"},{"first_name":"Pedro","full_name":"Costa-Pinheiro, Pedro","last_name":"Costa-Pinheiro"},{"id":"f9dedd98-6d15-11f0-88a5-a7b4143fdec5","first_name":"Lauren","orcid":"0009-0000-5733-1546","last_name":"Gardner","full_name":"Gardner, Lauren"},{"first_name":"Laura V.","last_name":"Pinheiro","full_name":"Pinheiro, Laura V."},{"last_name":"Ramirez-Solis","full_name":"Ramirez-Solis, Julio","first_name":"Julio"},{"full_name":"Gardner, Sarah M.","last_name":"Gardner","first_name":"Sarah M."},{"full_name":"Wellen, Kathryn E.","last_name":"Wellen","first_name":"Kathryn E."},{"last_name":"Marmorstein","full_name":"Marmorstein, Ronen","first_name":"Ronen"}],"citation":{"apa":"Schultz, K., Costa-Pinheiro, P., Gardner, L., Pinheiro, L. V., Ramirez-Solis, J., Gardner, S. M., … Marmorstein, R. (2025). Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x</a>","ieee":"K. Schultz <i>et al.</i>, “Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 641, no. 8062. Springer Nature, pp. 520–528, 2025.","chicago":"Schultz, Kollin, Pedro Costa-Pinheiro, Lauren Gardner, Laura V. Pinheiro, Julio Ramirez-Solis, Sarah M. Gardner, Kathryn E. Wellen, and Ronen Marmorstein. “Snapshots of Acyl Carrier Protein Shuttling in Human Fatty Acid Synthase.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x</a>.","mla":"Schultz, Kollin, et al. “Snapshots of Acyl Carrier Protein Shuttling in Human Fatty Acid Synthase.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 641, no. 8062, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 520–28, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x\">10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x</a>.","short":"K. Schultz, P. Costa-Pinheiro, L. Gardner, L.V. Pinheiro, J. Ramirez-Solis, S.M. Gardner, K.E. Wellen, R. Marmorstein, Nature 641 (2025) 520–528.","ama":"Schultz K, Costa-Pinheiro P, Gardner L, et al. Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;641(8062):520-528. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x\">10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x</a>","ista":"Schultz K, Costa-Pinheiro P, Gardner L, Pinheiro LV, Ramirez-Solis J, Gardner SM, Wellen KE, Marmorstein R. 2025. Snapshots of acyl carrier protein shuttling in human fatty acid synthase. Nature. 641(8062), 520–528."},"volume":641,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x","external_id":{"pmid":["39979457 "]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x","open_access":"1"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2026-05-24T08:25:19Z","_id":"21912","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-08587-x","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","date_updated":"2026-06-02T14:57:52Z","page":"520-528","status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","extern":"1","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"}},{"file":[{"date_created":"2025-08-05T12:29:35Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_updated":"2025-08-05T12:29:35Z","file_name":"2025_Nature_Chen.pdf","checksum":"f5f18081003e7a1b8e372ecb7da82e7d","file_id":"20132","file_size":13549245,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to J. Callis and H.-Q. Yang for sharing materials and to M. Estelle and S. Kepinski for inspiring discussions. This research was supported by the Laboratory Support Facility, the Plant Facility and the Imaging and Optics Facility of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (101142681 CYNIPS) and Austrian Science Fund (P 37051-B). L.Q. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 32470327). M.Z. was supported by the Interdisciplinary Project Committee of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, and Y.P. was supported by an EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowship (ALTF 38-2023). Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","date_published":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","title":"TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling","month":"04","year":"2025","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       640","article_type":"original","publication":"Nature","day":"24","ddc":["580"],"OA_type":"hybrid","oa":1,"project":[{"name":"Guanylate cyclase activity of TIR1/AFBs auxin receptors","_id":"7bcece63-9f16-11ee-852c-ae94e099eeb6","grant_number":"P37051"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","publisher":"Springer Nature","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"19478","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/updating-the-textbook/","description":"News on ISTA website","relation":"press_release"}]},"citation":{"short":"H. Chen, L. Qi, M. Zou, M. Lu, M. Kwiatkowski, Y. Pei, K. Jaworski, J. Friml, Nature 640 (2025) 1011–1016.","ama":"Chen H, Qi L, Zou M, et al. TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;640:1011-1016. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w\">10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w</a>","ista":"Chen H, Qi L, Zou M, Lu M, Kwiatkowski M, Pei Y, Jaworski K, Friml J. 2025. TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling. Nature. 640, 1011–1016.","apa":"Chen, H., Qi, L., Zou, M., Lu, M., Kwiatkowski, M., Pei, Y., … Friml, J. (2025). TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w</a>","chicago":"Chen, Huihuang, Linlin Qi, Minxia Zou, Mengting Lu, M Kwiatkowski, Yuanrong Pei, K Jaworski, and Jiří Friml. “TIR1-Produced CAMP as a Second Messenger in Transcriptional Auxin Signalling.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w</a>.","ieee":"H. Chen <i>et al.</i>, “TIR1-produced cAMP as a second messenger in transcriptional auxin signalling,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 640. Springer Nature, pp. 1011–1016, 2025.","mla":"Chen, Huihuang, et al. “TIR1-Produced CAMP as a Second Messenger in Transcriptional Auxin Signalling.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 640, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 1011–16, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w\">10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w</a>."},"file_date_updated":"2025-08-05T12:29:35Z","author":[{"full_name":"Chen, Huihuang","last_name":"Chen","id":"83c96512-15b2-11ec-abd3-b7eede36184f","first_name":"Huihuang"},{"id":"44B04502-A9ED-11E9-B6FC-583AE6697425","first_name":"Linlin","orcid":"0000-0001-5187-8401","full_name":"Qi, Linlin","last_name":"Qi"},{"first_name":"Minxia","id":"5c243f41-03f3-11ec-841c-96faf48a7ef9","last_name":"Zou","full_name":"Zou, Minxia"},{"id":"a8198a14-1ffe-11ee-8b67-d2bdff9d9178","first_name":"Mengting","last_name":"Lu","full_name":"Lu, Mengting"},{"first_name":"M","last_name":"Kwiatkowski","full_name":"Kwiatkowski, M"},{"first_name":"Yuanrong","id":"98605edc-6ce7-11ee-95f3-cc16b866efcd","full_name":"Pei, Yuanrong","last_name":"Pei"},{"last_name":"Jaworski","full_name":"Jaworski, K","first_name":"K"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jiří","last_name":"Friml","first_name":"Jiří","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The phytohormone auxin (Aux) is a principal endogenous developmental signal in plants. It mediates transcriptional reprogramming by a well-established canonical signalling mechanism. TIR1/AFB auxin receptors are F-box subunits of an ubiquitin ligase complex; after auxin perception, they associate with Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors and ubiquitinate them for degradation, thus enabling the activation of auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors1,2,3. Here we revise this paradigm by showing that without TIR1 adenylate cyclase (AC) activity4, auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAAs is not sufficient to mediate the transcriptional auxin response. Abolishing the TIR1 AC activity does not affect auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAAs but renders TIR1 non-functional in mediating transcriptional reprogramming and auxin-regulated development, including shoot, root, root hair growth and lateral root formation. Transgenic plants show that local cAMP production in the vicinity of the Aux/IAA–ARF complex by unrelated AC enzymes bypasses the need for auxin perception and is sufficient to induce ARF-mediated transcription. These discoveries revise the canonical model of auxin signalling and establish TIR1/AFB-produced cAMP as a second messenger essential for transcriptional reprograming."}],"corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["40044868"],"isi":["001437493900001"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w","volume":640,"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-03-19T09:44:39Z","has_accepted_license":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-08669-w","_id":"19421","page":"1011-1016","date_updated":"2026-04-28T13:42:45Z","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"OA_place":"publisher","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"JiFr"}]},{"year":"2025","acknowledgement":"The authors thank members of their laboratories who provided feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript, including A. Jourdon, V. Mariano, T. L. Li, N. Caporale, E. Villa and M. Sutcliffe.","date_published":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","month":"03","title":"A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies","publication":"Nature","day":"13","issue":"8054","OA_type":"closed access","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       639","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"citation":{"ieee":"S. P. Pașca <i>et al.</i>, “A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 639, no. 8054. Springer Nature, pp. 315–320, 2025.","chicago":"Pașca, Sergiu P., Paola Arlotta, Helen S. Bateup, J. Gray Camp, Silvia Cappello, Fred H. Gage, Jürgen A. Knoblich, et al. “A Framework for Neural Organoids, Assembloids and Transplantation Studies.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a>.","mla":"Pașca, Sergiu P., et al. “A Framework for Neural Organoids, Assembloids and Transplantation Studies.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 639, no. 8054, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 315–20, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6\">10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a>.","apa":"Pașca, S. P., Arlotta, P., Bateup, H. S., Camp, J. G., Cappello, S., Gage, F. H., … Young-Pearse, T. (2025). A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a>","ista":"Pașca SP, Arlotta P, Bateup HS, Camp JG, Cappello S, Gage FH, Knoblich JA, Kriegstein AR, Lancaster MA, Ming GL, Novarino G, Okano H, Parmar M, Park IH, Reiner O, Song H, Studer L, Takahashi J, Temple S, Testa G, Treutlein B, Vaccarino FM, Vanderhaeghen P, Young-Pearse T. 2025. A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. Nature. 639(8054), 315–320.","ama":"Pașca SP, Arlotta P, Bateup HS, et al. A framework for neural organoids, assembloids and transplantation studies. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;639(8054):315-320. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6\">10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6</a>","short":"S.P. Pașca, P. Arlotta, H.S. Bateup, J.G. Camp, S. Cappello, F.H. Gage, J.A. Knoblich, A.R. Kriegstein, M.A. Lancaster, G.L. Ming, G. Novarino, H. Okano, M. Parmar, I.H. Park, O. Reiner, H. Song, L. Studer, J. Takahashi, S. Temple, G. Testa, B. Treutlein, F.M. Vaccarino, P. Vanderhaeghen, T. Young-Pearse, Nature 639 (2025) 315–320."},"author":[{"last_name":"Pașca","full_name":"Pașca, Sergiu P.","first_name":"Sergiu P."},{"first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Arlotta","full_name":"Arlotta, Paola"},{"first_name":"Helen S.","full_name":"Bateup, Helen S.","last_name":"Bateup"},{"last_name":"Camp","full_name":"Camp, J. Gray","first_name":"J. Gray"},{"full_name":"Cappello, Silvia","last_name":"Cappello","first_name":"Silvia"},{"first_name":"Fred H.","full_name":"Gage, Fred H.","last_name":"Gage"},{"full_name":"Knoblich, Jürgen A.","last_name":"Knoblich","first_name":"Jürgen A."},{"first_name":"Arnold R.","full_name":"Kriegstein, Arnold R.","last_name":"Kriegstein"},{"first_name":"Madeline A.","full_name":"Lancaster, Madeline A.","last_name":"Lancaster"},{"first_name":"Guo Li","full_name":"Ming, Guo Li","last_name":"Ming"},{"id":"3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7673-7178","first_name":"Gaia","full_name":"Novarino, Gaia","last_name":"Novarino"},{"first_name":"Hideyuki","last_name":"Okano","full_name":"Okano, Hideyuki"},{"last_name":"Parmar","full_name":"Parmar, Malin","first_name":"Malin"},{"last_name":"Park","full_name":"Park, In Hyun","first_name":"In Hyun"},{"first_name":"Orly","last_name":"Reiner","full_name":"Reiner, Orly"},{"first_name":"Hongjun","last_name":"Song","full_name":"Song, Hongjun"},{"full_name":"Studer, Lorenz","last_name":"Studer","first_name":"Lorenz"},{"first_name":"Jun","last_name":"Takahashi","full_name":"Takahashi, Jun"},{"first_name":"Sally","last_name":"Temple","full_name":"Temple, Sally"},{"last_name":"Testa","full_name":"Testa, Giuseppe","first_name":"Giuseppe"},{"last_name":"Treutlein","full_name":"Treutlein, Barbara","first_name":"Barbara"},{"first_name":"Flora M.","full_name":"Vaccarino, Flora M.","last_name":"Vaccarino"},{"last_name":"Vanderhaeghen","full_name":"Vanderhaeghen, Pierre","first_name":"Pierre"},{"first_name":"Tracy","full_name":"Young-Pearse, Tracy","last_name":"Young-Pearse"}],"abstract":[{"text":"As the field of neural organoids and assembloids expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. In this Perspective, we present a framework for the experimental process that encompasses ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells, characterizing and manipulating neural cells in vitro, transplantation techniques and considerations for modelling human development, evolution and disease. As with all scientific endeavours, we advocate for rigorous experimental designs tailored to explicit scientific questions as well as transparent methodologies and data sharing to provide useful knowledge for current research practices and for developing regulatory standards.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"isi":["001437461900001"],"pmid":["39653126"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6","volume":639,"date_created":"2025-03-23T23:01:27Z","isi":1,"oa_version":"None","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"page":"315-320","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-30T11:13:47Z","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"19444","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08487-6","department":[{"_id":"GaNo"}],"status":"public"},{"PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"date_created":"2025-05-18T22:02:51Z","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":642,"external_id":{"pmid":["40335689"],"isi":["001483477000001"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1","department":[{"_id":"JoDa"},{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"GaNo"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"PreCl"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"E-Lib"}],"OA_place":"publisher","status":"public","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-04-28T13:33:34Z","page":"398-410","_id":"19704","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1","ec_funded":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","ddc":["570"],"OA_type":"hybrid","publication":"Nature","day":"12","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       642","article_type":"original","year":"2025","month":"06","title":"Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue","acknowledgement":"We thank S. Dorkenwald and P. Li for critical reading of the manuscript, S. Loomba for discussions and E. Miguel for support with data handling. We acknowledge support from ISTA’s scientific service units: Imaging and Optics, Lab Support, Scientific Computing, the preclinical facility, the Miba Machine Shop and the library. We acknowledge funding from the following sources: Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant DK W1232 (J.G.D. and M.R.T.); Austrian Academy of Sciences DOC fellowship 26137 (M.R.T.); Gesellschaft für Forschungsförderung NÖ (NFB) grant LSC18-022 (J.G.D.); the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Fellowship 665385 (J.L.); and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and European Research Council (ERC) grant 101044865 ‘SecretAutism’ (G.N.).Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":133201290,"date_updated":"2025-07-03T06:55:20Z","file_id":"19959","file_name":"2025_Nature_Tavakoli.pdf","checksum":"ebc99d7108e728f46db0a009292675ef","success":1,"relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-07-03T06:55:20Z"}],"date_published":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"The information-processing capability of the brain’s cellular network depends on the physical wiring pattern between neurons and their molecular and functional characteristics. Mapping neurons and resolving their individual synaptic connections can be achieved by volumetric imaging at nanoscale resolution1,2 with dense cellular labelling. Light microscopy is uniquely positioned to visualize specific molecules, but dense, synapse-level circuit reconstruction by light microscopy has been out of reach, owing to limitations in resolution, contrast and volumetric imaging capability. Here we describe light-microscopy-based connectomics (LICONN). We integrated specifically engineered hydrogel embedding and expansion with comprehensive deep-learning-based segmentation and analysis of connectivity, thereby directly incorporating molecular information into synapse-level reconstructions of brain tissue. LICONN will allow synapse-level phenotyping of brain tissue in biological experiments in a readily adoptable manner.","lang":"eng"}],"pmid":1,"corr_author":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"18677"},{"status":"public","id":"18697","relation":"research_data"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/piecing-together-the-brain-puzzle/","relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website"}]},"file_date_updated":"2025-07-03T06:55:20Z","citation":{"ista":"Tavakoli M, Lyudchik J, Januszewski M, Vistunou V, Agudelo Duenas N, Vorlaufer J, Sommer CM, Kreuzinger C, Oliveira B, Cenameri A, Novarino G, Jain V, Danzl JG. 2025. Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue. Nature. 642, 398–410.","ama":"Tavakoli M, Lyudchik J, Januszewski M, et al. Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;642:398-410. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1\">10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1</a>","short":"M. Tavakoli, J. Lyudchik, M. Januszewski, V. Vistunou, N. Agudelo Duenas, J. Vorlaufer, C.M. Sommer, C. Kreuzinger, B. Oliveira, A. Cenameri, G. Novarino, V. Jain, J.G. Danzl, Nature 642 (2025) 398–410.","chicago":"Tavakoli, Mojtaba, Julia Lyudchik, Michał Januszewski, Vitali Vistunou, Nathalie Agudelo Duenas, Jakob Vorlaufer, Christoph M Sommer, et al. “Light-Microscopy-Based Connectomic Reconstruction of Mammalian Brain Tissue.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1</a>.","ieee":"M. Tavakoli <i>et al.</i>, “Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 642. Springer Nature, pp. 398–410, 2025.","mla":"Tavakoli, Mojtaba, et al. “Light-Microscopy-Based Connectomic Reconstruction of Mammalian Brain Tissue.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 642, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 398–410, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1\">10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1</a>.","apa":"Tavakoli, M., Lyudchik, J., Januszewski, M., Vistunou, V., Agudelo Duenas, N., Vorlaufer, J., … Danzl, J. G. (2025). Light-microscopy-based connectomic reconstruction of mammalian brain tissue. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08985-1</a>"},"author":[{"full_name":"Tavakoli, Mojtaba","last_name":"Tavakoli","id":"3A0A06F4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Mojtaba","orcid":"0000-0002-7667-6854"},{"id":"46E28B80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Julia","full_name":"Lyudchik, Julia","last_name":"Lyudchik"},{"first_name":"Michał","full_name":"Januszewski, Michał","last_name":"Januszewski"},{"full_name":"Vistunou, Vitali","last_name":"Vistunou","first_name":"Vitali","id":"7e146587-8972-11ed-ae7b-d7a32ea86a81"},{"full_name":"Agudelo Duenas, Nathalie","last_name":"Agudelo Duenas","first_name":"Nathalie","id":"40E7F008-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Vorlaufer","full_name":"Vorlaufer, Jakob","first_name":"Jakob","id":"937696FA-C996-11E9-8C7C-CF13E6697425","orcid":"0009-0000-7590-3501"},{"id":"4DF26D8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1216-9105","first_name":"Christoph M","full_name":"Sommer, Christoph M","last_name":"Sommer"},{"last_name":"Kreuzinger","full_name":"Kreuzinger, Caroline","first_name":"Caroline","id":"382077BA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3B03AA1A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Bárbara","full_name":"Oliveira, Bárbara","last_name":"Oliveira"},{"id":"9ac8f577-2357-11eb-997a-e566c5550886","first_name":"Alban","full_name":"Cenameri, Alban","last_name":"Cenameri"},{"first_name":"Gaia","orcid":"0000-0002-7673-7178","id":"3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Novarino","full_name":"Novarino, Gaia"},{"first_name":"Viren","last_name":"Jain","full_name":"Jain, Viren"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8559-3973","id":"42EFD3B6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johann G","last_name":"Danzl","full_name":"Danzl, Johann G"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","project":[{"name":"Studying Organelle Structure and Function at Nanoscale Resolution with Expansion Microscopy","_id":"6285a163-2b32-11ec-9570-8e204ca2dba5","grant_number":"26137"},{"name":"International IST Doctoral Program","grant_number":"665385","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Toward an understanding of the brain interstitial system and the extracellular proteome in health and autism spectrum disorders","grant_number":"101044865","_id":"34ba8964-11ca-11ed-8bc3-e15864e7e9a6"},{"name":"Molecular Drug Targets","_id":"26AA4EF2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"W1232-B24","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"oa":1},{"isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","PlanS_conform":"1","date_created":"2025-10-05T22:01:36Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","volume":647,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z","external_id":{"isi":["001577755600001"],"pmid":["40993395"]},"department":[{"_id":"FlPr"}],"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"date_updated":"2026-01-05T13:18:17Z","scopus_import":"1","page":"528-535","_id":"20430","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["570"],"day":"13","publication":"Nature","intvolume":"       647","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","year":"2025","month":"11","title":"Design of facilitated dissociation enables timing of cytokine signalling","date_published":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_updated":"2026-01-05T13:17:47Z","file_name":"2025_Nature_Broerman.pdf","checksum":"b4ec44134e2eb320a724dc29158dfda2","file_id":"20951","file_size":22099921,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2026-01-05T13:17:47Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"relation":"main_file"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank P. J. Y. Leung, K. L. Shelley, A. Pillai, C. Demakis, M. Exposit, K. Thompson, C. Savvides, R. J. Ragotte, G. Ahn and M. Glögl for discussions and technical support; K. VanWormer and L. Goldschmidt for technical support; S. R. Gerben and A. Murray for protein production support; and X. Li, M. Lamb, Z. Taylor and V. Adebomi for LC–MS support. This work was supported by the Audacious Project at the Institute for Protein Design (A.J.B., A.K., J.D.L.C., E.B. and A.K.B.); by a gift from Microsoft (A.J.B.); by the Nordstrom Barrier Institute for Protein Design Directors Fund (M.H.A. and F.P.); by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1156262 (A.K. and J.D.L.C.); by the Open Philanthropy Project Improving Protein Design Fund (E.B. and A.K.B.); by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease grant R0AI160052 (A.K.B.); by CRI Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship 315511 (Y.Z.); by National Cancer Institute K00 award 4K00CA274708 (M.O.); by National Science Foundation grant MCB 2119837 and NIH grant GM115805 (W.H.R. and D.M.Z.); by NIH grant GM151956 (S.S.); by NIH AI-51321 (K.C.G.); by the DFG grants PI 405/15 and SFB 1557 (C.P. and J.P.); and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (A.K.B., K.C.G. and D.B.). The EPR spectrometer used for the DEER experiments was in part supported by NIH grant S10OD021557. This research used resources (FMX/AMX) of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a US Department of Energy (DoE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-SC0012704. The Center for BioMolecular Structure (CBMS) is supported mainly by the NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) through a Center Core P30 Grant (P30GM133893), and by the DoE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (KP1607011). This work is based on research performed at the Northeastern Collaborative Access Team beamlines, which are funded by the NIGMS (P30 GM124165). The research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a US DoE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DoE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Berkeley Center for Structural Biology is supported by the NIH, NIGMS and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and US DoE (DE-AC02-05CH11231).","corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Protein design has focused on the design of ground states, ensuring that they are sufficiently low energy to be highly populated1. Designing the kinetics and dynamics of a system requires, in addition, the design of excited states that are traversed in transitions from one low-lying state to another2,3. This is a challenging task because such states must be sufficiently strained to be poorly populated, but not so strained that they are not populated at all, and because protein design methods have focused on generating near-ideal structures4,5,6,7. Here we describe a general approach for designing systems that use an induced-fit power stroke8 to generate a structurally frustrated9 and strained excited state, allosterically driving protein complex dissociation. X-ray crystallography, double electron–electron resonance spectroscopy and kinetic binding measurements show that incorporating excited states enables the design of effector-induced increases in dissociation rates as high as 5,700-fold. We highlight the power of this approach by designing rapid biosensors, kinetically controlled circuits and cytokine mimics that can be dissociated from their receptors within seconds, enabling dissection of the temporal dynamics of interleukin-2 signalling.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Adam J.","last_name":"Broerman","full_name":"Broerman, Adam J."},{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Pollmann","full_name":"Pollmann, Christoph"},{"first_name":"Yang","full_name":"Zhao, Yang","last_name":"Zhao"},{"last_name":"Lichtenstein","full_name":"Lichtenstein, Mauriz A.","first_name":"Mauriz A."},{"full_name":"Jackson, Mark D.","last_name":"Jackson","first_name":"Mark D."},{"first_name":"Maxx H.","last_name":"Tessmer","full_name":"Tessmer, Maxx H."},{"last_name":"Ryu","full_name":"Ryu, Won Hee","first_name":"Won Hee"},{"first_name":"Masato","last_name":"Ogishi","full_name":"Ogishi, Masato"},{"first_name":"Mohamad H.","full_name":"Abedi, Mohamad H.","last_name":"Abedi"},{"first_name":"Danny D.","full_name":"Sahtoe, Danny D.","last_name":"Sahtoe"},{"first_name":"Aza","full_name":"Allen, Aza","last_name":"Allen"},{"first_name":"Alex","full_name":"Kang, Alex","last_name":"Kang"},{"last_name":"De La Cruz","full_name":"De La Cruz, Joshmyn","first_name":"Joshmyn"},{"first_name":"Evans","last_name":"Brackenbrough","full_name":"Brackenbrough, Evans"},{"last_name":"Sankaran","full_name":"Sankaran, Banumathi","first_name":"Banumathi"},{"first_name":"Asim K.","last_name":"Bera","full_name":"Bera, Asim K."},{"first_name":"Daniel M.","last_name":"Zuckerman","full_name":"Zuckerman, Daniel M."},{"full_name":"Stoll, Stefan","last_name":"Stoll","first_name":"Stefan"},{"full_name":"Garcia, K. Christopher","last_name":"Garcia","first_name":"K. Christopher"},{"first_name":"Florian M","orcid":"0000-0002-0806-8101","id":"dfec9381-4341-11ee-8fd8-faa02bba7d62","last_name":"Praetorius","full_name":"Praetorius, Florian M"},{"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Piehler","full_name":"Piehler, Jacob"},{"first_name":"David","last_name":"Baker","full_name":"Baker, David"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-01-05T13:17:47Z","citation":{"mla":"Broerman, Adam J., et al. “Design of Facilitated Dissociation Enables Timing of Cytokine Signalling.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 647, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 528–35, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z\">10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z</a>.","chicago":"Broerman, Adam J., Christoph Pollmann, Yang Zhao, Mauriz A. Lichtenstein, Mark D. Jackson, Maxx H. Tessmer, Won Hee Ryu, et al. “Design of Facilitated Dissociation Enables Timing of Cytokine Signalling.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z</a>.","ieee":"A. J. Broerman <i>et al.</i>, “Design of facilitated dissociation enables timing of cytokine signalling,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 647. Springer Nature, pp. 528–535, 2025.","apa":"Broerman, A. J., Pollmann, C., Zhao, Y., Lichtenstein, M. A., Jackson, M. D., Tessmer, M. H., … Baker, D. (2025). Design of facilitated dissociation enables timing of cytokine signalling. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z</a>","ista":"Broerman AJ, Pollmann C, Zhao Y, Lichtenstein MA, Jackson MD, Tessmer MH, Ryu WH, Ogishi M, Abedi MH, Sahtoe DD, Allen A, Kang A, De La Cruz J, Brackenbrough E, Sankaran B, Bera AK, Zuckerman DM, Stoll S, Garcia KC, Praetorius FM, Piehler J, Baker D. 2025. Design of facilitated dissociation enables timing of cytokine signalling. Nature. 647, 528–535.","ama":"Broerman AJ, Pollmann C, Zhao Y, et al. Design of facilitated dissociation enables timing of cytokine signalling. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;647:528-535. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z\">10.1038/s41586-025-09549-z</a>","short":"A.J. Broerman, C. Pollmann, Y. Zhao, M.A. Lichtenstein, M.D. Jackson, M.H. Tessmer, W.H. Ryu, M. Ogishi, M.H. Abedi, D.D. Sahtoe, A. Allen, A. Kang, J. De La Cruz, E. Brackenbrough, B. Sankaran, A.K. Bera, D.M. Zuckerman, S. Stoll, K.C. Garcia, F.M. Praetorius, J. Piehler, D. Baker, Nature 647 (2025) 528–535."},"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"oa":1},{"date_updated":"2026-07-22T06:20:09Z","scopus_import":"1","page":"439-447","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2","_id":"20101","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"}],"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"},"volume":645,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2","external_id":{"pmid":["40702175"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2025-08-03T22:01:31Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"oa":1,"pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Evading imminent threat from predators is critical for animal survival. Effective defensive strategies can vary, even between closely related species. However, the neural basis of such species-specific behaviours remains poorly understood1,2,3,4. Here we find that two sister species of deer mice (genus Peromyscus)5 show different responses to the same looming stimulus: Peromyscus maniculatus, which occupies densely vegetated habitats, predominantly escapes, whereas the open field specialist, Peromyscus polionotus, briefly freezes. This difference arises from species-specific escape thresholds, is largely context-independent, and can be triggered by both visual and auditory threat stimuli. Using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological recordings, we find that although visual threat activates the superior colliculus in both species, the role of the dorsal periaqueductal grey (dPAG) in driving behaviour differs. Whereas dPAG activity scales with running speed in P. maniculatus, neural activity in the dPAG of P. polionotus correlates poorly with movement, including during visually triggered escape. Moreover, optogenetic activation of dPAG neurons elicits acceleration in P. maniculatus but not in P. polionotus, and their chemogenetic inhibition during a looming stimulus delays escape onset in P. maniculatus to match that of P. polionotus. Together, we trace species-specific escape thresholds to a central circuit node, downstream of peripheral sensory neurons, localizing an ecologically relevant behavioural difference to a specific region of the mammalian brain."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Baier, Felix","last_name":"Baier","first_name":"Felix"},{"last_name":"Reinhard","full_name":"Reinhard, Katja","first_name":"Katja"},{"last_name":"Nuttin","full_name":"Nuttin, Bram","first_name":"Bram"},{"full_name":"Sans-Dublanc, Arnau","last_name":"Sans-Dublanc","first_name":"Arnau"},{"last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Chen","first_name":"Chen"},{"last_name":"Tong","full_name":"Tong, Victoria","first_name":"Victoria"},{"last_name":"Murmann","full_name":"Murmann, Julie Stefanie","first_name":"Julie Stefanie","id":"1d390868-f128-11eb-9611-a0ca5f7833b5"},{"full_name":"Wierda, Keimpe","last_name":"Wierda","first_name":"Keimpe"},{"last_name":"Farrow","full_name":"Farrow, Karl","first_name":"Karl"},{"last_name":"Hoekstra","full_name":"Hoekstra, Hopi E.","first_name":"Hopi E."}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"20883","status":"public"}]},"citation":{"chicago":"Baier, Felix, Katja Reinhard, Bram Nuttin, Arnau Sans-Dublanc, Chen Liu, Victoria Tong, Julie Stefanie Murmann, Keimpe Wierda, Karl Farrow, and Hopi E. Hoekstra. “The Neural Basis of Species-Specific Defensive Behaviour in Peromyscus Mice.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2</a>.","mla":"Baier, Felix, et al. “The Neural Basis of Species-Specific Defensive Behaviour in Peromyscus Mice.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 645, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 439–47, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2\">10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2</a>.","ieee":"F. Baier <i>et al.</i>, “The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in Peromyscus mice,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 645. Springer Nature, pp. 439–447, 2025.","apa":"Baier, F., Reinhard, K., Nuttin, B., Sans-Dublanc, A., Liu, C., Tong, V., … Hoekstra, H. E. (2025). The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in Peromyscus mice. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2</a>","ista":"Baier F, Reinhard K, Nuttin B, Sans-Dublanc A, Liu C, Tong V, Murmann JS, Wierda K, Farrow K, Hoekstra HE. 2025. The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in Peromyscus mice. Nature. 645, 439–447.","ama":"Baier F, Reinhard K, Nuttin B, et al. The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in Peromyscus mice. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;645:439-447. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2\">10.1038/s41586-025-09241-2</a>","short":"F. Baier, K. Reinhard, B. Nuttin, A. Sans-Dublanc, C. Liu, V. Tong, J.S. Murmann, K. Wierda, K. Farrow, H.E. Hoekstra, Nature 645 (2025) 439–447."},"file_date_updated":"2025-12-30T07:39:45Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","year":"2025","month":"07","title":"The neural basis of species-specific defensive behaviour in Peromyscus mice","date_published":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"The authors thank M. Yilmaz, M. Meister, M. Joesch and T. Branco for advice on the behavioural experiments; C. Dulac, V. Bitsikas, E. Diel and J. Chen for advice on the immunohistochemistry and RNAscope experiments; J. Greenwood and E. Soucy for technical and engineering help; A. Chrzanowska for help and advice on optogenetic experiments; A. Calzoni for help aligning histological sections to a brain atlas; S. Worthington for statistical advice; P. Gonçalves for advice with the electrophysiology analysis; I. Vlaemick for help with whole cell experiments; R. Hellmiss for figure design; B. Sabatini, V. Stempel, K. Tyssowski and N. Sanguinetti for feedback on the manuscript; and Y. M. Lee and A. Tomcho for photos of P. maniculatus and P. leucopus habitats (Fig. 1). F.B. was supported by an HHMI International Student Research Fellowship, a Grant-in-Aid of the American Society of Mammalogy, a Herchel Smith Graduate Fellowship, a Robert A. Chapman Memorial Scholarship, and a Joan Brockman Williamson Fellowship. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 665501 and by the FWO (12S7917N and 12S7920N) to K.R. and from European Research Council (ERC) (grant agreement 101075848) to K.R. V.T. was supported by a Harvard PRISE fellowship and a Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology grant for undergraduate research. K.F. is supported by the FWO (G094616N and G091719N) and the NIH (1R01EY032101). This work was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, of which H.E.H. was an Investigator.","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_created":"2025-12-30T07:39:45Z","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","file_size":53301589,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"7ea846a7a49b3b2a248f6a27ab13d591","file_name":"2025_Nature_Baier.pdf","file_id":"20884","date_updated":"2025-12-30T07:39:45Z"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["570"],"day":"23","publication":"Nature","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       645","type":"journal_article"},{"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"file_id":"19289","checksum":"fecf302274dd3218d3e7dd22f39a6c0c","file_name":"2025_Nature_Sobarzo.pdf","date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3807415}],"acknowledgement":"This project has received financing from the European Research Council grant agreement no. 949120 under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The Analytical Instrumentation Center of the TU Wien acknowledges support by the FFG project ‘ELSA’ under grant no. 884672. C.M.P. and M.O. acknowledge the state of Lower Austria and the European Regional Development Fund under grant no. WST3-F-542638/004-2021. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop, Nanofabrication Facility, Scientific Computing facility, Electron Microscopy Facility and Lab Support Facility. We thank J. Garcia-Suarez and G. Anciaux for the suggestion to look into the roughness power spectral density. We thank I.-M. Strugaru for help with testing the device for Young’s modulus measurements. Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria).","date_published":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","title":"Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series","month":"02","year":"2025","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"       638","article_type":"original","publication":"Nature","day":"20","ddc":["530"],"issue":"8051","OA_type":"hybrid","oa":1,"project":[{"name":"Tribocharge: a multi-scale approach to an enduring problem in physics","_id":"0aa60e99-070f-11eb-9043-a6de6bdc3afa","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"949120"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","publisher":"Springer Nature","file_date_updated":"2025-03-04T10:05:18Z","citation":{"ista":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, Costanzo T, Sauer M, Foelske A, Ostermann M, Pichler CM, Wang Y, Nagata Y, Bonn M, Waitukaitis SR. 2025. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. Nature. 638(8051), 664–669.","ama":"Sobarzo Ponce JCA, Pertl F, Balazs D, et al. Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;638(8051). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>","short":"J.C.A. Sobarzo Ponce, F. Pertl, D. Balazs, T. Costanzo, M. Sauer, A. Foelske, M. Ostermann, C.M. Pichler, Y. Wang, Y. Nagata, M. Bonn, S.R. Waitukaitis, Nature 638 (2025).","chicago":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A, Felix Pertl, Daniel Balazs, Tommaso Costanzo, Markus Sauer, Annette Foelske, Markus Ostermann, et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>.","mla":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A., et al. “Spontaneous Ordering of Identical Materials into a Triboelectric Series.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 638, no. 8051, 664–669, Springer Nature, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>.","ieee":"J. C. A. Sobarzo Ponce <i>et al.</i>, “Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 638, no. 8051. Springer Nature, 2025.","apa":"Sobarzo Ponce, J. C. A., Pertl, F., Balazs, D., Costanzo, T., Sauer, M., Foelske, A., … Waitukaitis, S. R. (2025). Spontaneous ordering of identical materials into a triboelectric series. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6</a>"},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"20203","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"22684","status":"public"}],"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/an-electrifying-turn-in-an-age-old-quest/"}]},"author":[{"full_name":"Sobarzo Ponce, Juan Carlos A","last_name":"Sobarzo Ponce","id":"4B807D68-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","first_name":"Juan Carlos A"},{"last_name":"Pertl","full_name":"Pertl, Felix","orcid":"0000-0003-0463-5794","id":"6313aec0-15b2-11ec-abd3-ed67d16139af","first_name":"Felix"},{"first_name":"Daniel","id":"302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E","orcid":"0000-0001-7597-043X","last_name":"Balazs","full_name":"Balazs, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Costanzo","full_name":"Costanzo, Tommaso","id":"D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425","orcid":"0000-0001-9732-3815","first_name":"Tommaso"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Sauer","full_name":"Sauer, Markus"},{"first_name":"Annette","full_name":"Foelske, Annette","last_name":"Foelske"},{"last_name":"Ostermann","full_name":"Ostermann, Markus","first_name":"Markus"},{"last_name":"Pichler","full_name":"Pichler, Christian M.","first_name":"Christian M."},{"full_name":"Wang, Yongkang","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Yongkang"},{"full_name":"Nagata, Yuki","last_name":"Nagata","first_name":"Yuki"},{"first_name":"Mischa","last_name":"Bonn","full_name":"Bonn, Mischa"},{"first_name":"Scott R","id":"3A1FFC16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-2299-3176","full_name":"Waitukaitis, Scott R","last_name":"Waitukaitis"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"When two insulating, neutral materials are contacted and separated, they exchange electrical charge1. Experiments have long suggested that this ‘contact electrification’ is transitive, with different materials ordering into ‘triboelectric series’ based on the sign of charge acquired2. At the same time, the effect is plagued by unpredictability, preventing consensus on the mechanism and casting doubt on the rhyme and reason that series imply3. Here we expose an unanticipated connection between the unpredictability and order in contact electrification: nominally identical materials initially exchange charge randomly and intransitively, but—over repeated experiments—order into triboelectric series. We find that this evolution is driven by the act of contact itself—samples with more contacts in their history charge negatively to ones with fewer contacts. Capturing this ‘contact bias’ in a minimal model, we recreate both the initial randomness and ultimate order in numerical simulations and use it experimentally to force the appearance of a triboelectric series of our choosing. With a set of surface-sensitive techniques to search for the underlying alterations contact creates, we only find evidence of nanoscale morphological changes, pointing to a mechanism strongly coupled with mechanics. Our results highlight the centrality of contact history in contact electrification and suggest that focusing on the unpredictability that has long plagued the effect may hold the key to understanding it."}],"pmid":1,"corr_author":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["39972227"],"isi":["001428076100015"]},"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","volume":638,"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-03-02T23:01:52Z","has_accepted_license":"1","isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","ec_funded":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08530-6","_id":"19278","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-08-27T11:42:43Z","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"OA_place":"publisher","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"ScienComp"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"LifeSc"}],"status":"public","article_number":"664-669","department":[{"_id":"ScWa"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}]},{"volume":646,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7","external_id":{"pmid":["41044415"],"isi":["001586378900001"]},"isi":1,"PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2024-08-29T10:40:23Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_updated":"2026-09-16T06:53:54Z","scopus_import":"1","page":"601–605","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7","_id":"17468","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"status":"public","OA_place":"publisher","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"Bio"},{"_id":"LifeSc"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"year":"2025","title":"Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide","month":"10","date_published":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"S.A.F. thanks the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) for the support. The Scientific Service Units of ISTA supported this research through resources provided by the Imaging and Optics Facility, the Lab Support Facility, the Miba Machine Shop and Scientific Computing. This research was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (10.55776/P37169 and 10.55776/COE5). For open access purposes, the author has applied for a CC BY public copyright licence to any author-accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. R.H. acknowledges funding through CZI grant DAF2020-225401 (10.37921/120055ratwvi) from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative DAF, an advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation (10.13039/100014989). H.T.K.N. acknowledges funding by the European Commission Erasmus Mundus Joint Masters programme. We thank M. Sixt and M. Chinon for the discussions about O-redox in life and R. Jethwa for proofreading. Open access funding was provided by ISTA.","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":3809247,"file_id":"20500","file_name":"2025_Nature_Mondal.pdf","checksum":"b507ddd23df0388aa65d04dc9b00fe3d","date_updated":"2025-10-20T10:26:13Z","relation":"main_file","success":1,"creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-10-20T10:26:13Z"}],"OA_type":"hybrid","ddc":["540"],"issue":"8085","day":"16","publication":"Nature","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       646","type":"journal_article","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","project":[{"_id":"8df062be-16d5-11f0-9cad-f559b6612c7e","grant_number":"P37169","name":"Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox chemistry"},{"_id":"c08e9ad1-5a5b-11eb-8a69-9d1cf3b07473","grant_number":"CZI01","name":"Tools for automation and feedback microscopy"},{"name":"Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (Freunberger)","_id":"5eaf4378-b033-11f1-b276-f928018a46c1","grant_number":"COE05"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"oa":1,"corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Oxygen redox chemistry is central to life1 and many human-made technologies, such as in energy storage2,3,4. The large energy gain from oxygen redox reactions is often connected with the occurrence of harmful reactive oxygen species3,5,6. Key species are superoxide and the highly reactive singlet oxygen3,4,5,6,7, which may evolve from superoxide. However, the factors determining the formation of singlet oxygen, rather than the relatively unreactive triplet oxygen, are unknown. Here we report that the release of triplet or singlet oxygen is governed by individual Marcus normal and inverted region behaviour. We found that as the driving force for the reaction increases, the initially dominant evolution of triplet oxygen slows down, and singlet oxygen evolution becomes predominant with higher maximum kinetics. This behaviour also applies to the widely observed superoxide disproportionation, in which one superoxide is oxidized by another, in both non-aqueous and aqueous systems, with Lewis and Brønsted acidity controlling the driving forces. Singlet oxygen yields governed by these conditions are relevant, for example, in batteries or cellular organelles in which superoxide forms. Our findings suggest ways to understand and control spin states and kinetics in oxygen redox chemistry, with implications for fields, including life sciences, pure chemistry and energy storage."}],"author":[{"full_name":"Mondal, Soumyadip","last_name":"Mondal","first_name":"Soumyadip","id":"d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48"},{"full_name":"Nguyen, Huyen T.K.","last_name":"Nguyen","first_name":"Huyen T.K."},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","first_name":"Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","last_name":"Hauschild"},{"id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander"}],"file_date_updated":"2025-10-20T10:26:13Z","citation":{"apa":"Mondal, S., Nguyen, H. T. K., Hauschild, R., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2025). Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>","mla":"Mondal, Soumyadip, et al. “Marcus Kinetics Control Singlet and Triplet Oxygen Evolving from Superoxide.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 646, no. 8085, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 601–605, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7\">10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>.","ieee":"S. Mondal, H. T. K. Nguyen, R. Hauschild, and S. A. Freunberger, “Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 646, no. 8085. Springer Nature, pp. 601–605, 2025.","chicago":"Mondal, Soumyadip, Huyen T.K. Nguyen, Robert Hauschild, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Marcus Kinetics Control Singlet and Triplet Oxygen Evolving from Superoxide.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>.","short":"S. Mondal, H.T.K. Nguyen, R. Hauschild, S.A. Freunberger, Nature 646 (2025) 601–605.","ama":"Mondal S, Nguyen HTK, Hauschild R, Freunberger SA. Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. <i>Nature</i>. 2025;646(8085):601–605. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7\">10.1038/s41586-025-09587-7</a>","ista":"Mondal S, Nguyen HTK, Hauschild R, Freunberger SA. 2025. Marcus kinetics control singlet and triplet oxygen evolving from superoxide. Nature. 646(8085), 601–605."},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/taming-the-bad-oxygen/"}]},"publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"author":[{"full_name":"Abanin, Dmitry","last_name":"Abanin","first_name":"Dmitry"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2399-5827","id":"47809E7E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Maksym","full_name":"Serbyn, Maksym","last_name":"Serbyn"}],"citation":{"mla":"Abanin, Dmitry, and Maksym Serbyn. “Quantum Scars Make Their Mark in Graphene.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 635, no. 8040, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 825–26, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y\">10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y</a>.","chicago":"Abanin, Dmitry, and Maksym Serbyn. “Quantum Scars Make Their Mark in Graphene.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y</a>.","ieee":"D. Abanin and M. Serbyn, “Quantum scars make their mark in graphene,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 635, no. 8040. Springer Nature, pp. 825–826, 2024.","apa":"Abanin, D., &#38; Serbyn, M. (2024). Quantum scars make their mark in graphene. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y</a>","ista":"Abanin D, Serbyn M. 2024. Quantum scars make their mark in graphene. Nature. 635(8040), 825–826.","short":"D. Abanin, M. Serbyn, Nature 635 (2024) 825–826.","ama":"Abanin D, Serbyn M. Quantum scars make their mark in graphene. <i>Nature</i>. 2024;635(8040):825-826. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y\">10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y</a>"},"pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"By patterning an ultrathin layered structure with tiny wells, physicists have created and imaged peculiar states known as quantum scars — revealing behaviour that could be used to boost the performance of electronic devices."}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4687"],"issn":["0028-0836"]},"day":"27","publication":"Nature","OA_type":"closed access","issue":"8040","intvolume":"       635","article_type":"letter_note","type":"journal_article","year":"2024","date_published":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","title":"Quantum scars make their mark in graphene","month":"11","department":[{"_id":"MaSe"}],"status":"public","page":"825-826","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:57:35Z","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y","_id":"18616","date_created":"2024-12-03T18:08:16Z","isi":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"None","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03649-y","external_id":{"isi":["001367935000029"],"pmid":["39604614"]},"volume":635},{"volume":630,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9","external_id":{"pmid":["38740055"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11649018/"}],"date_created":"2024-08-19T09:41:18Z","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9","_id":"17442","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2025-06-24T12:47:21Z","page":"961-967","status":"public","OA_place":"repository","department":[{"_id":"JaBr"}],"month":"06","title":"Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system","date_published":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank K. Kiernan, G. Hibshman and I. Strohkendl for insightful discussions and comments on the manuscript, and R. Lin for assistance with the ATPase assay. Data were collected at the Sauer Structural Biology Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) R35GM138348 (to D.W.T.) and Welch Foundation research grant F-1938 (to D.W.T.).","year":"2024","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       630","type":"journal_article","OA_type":"green","issue":"8018","day":"27","publication":"Nature","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Although eukaryotic Argonautes have a pivotal role in post-transcriptional gene regulation through nucleic acid cleavage, some short prokaryotic Argonaute variants (pAgos) rely on auxiliary nuclease factors for efficient foreign DNA degradation1. Here we reveal the activation pathway of the DNA defence module DdmDE system, which rapidly eliminates small, multicopy plasmids from the Vibrio cholerae seventh pandemic strain (7PET)2. Through a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, biochemistry and in vivo plasmid clearance assays, we demonstrate that DdmE is a catalytically inactive, DNA-guided, DNA-targeting pAgo with a distinctive insertion domain. We observe that the helicase-nuclease DdmD transitions from an autoinhibited, dimeric complex to a monomeric state upon loading of single-stranded DNA targets. Furthermore, the complete structure of the DdmDE–guide–target handover complex provides a comprehensive view into how DNA recognition triggers processive plasmid destruction. Our work establishes a mechanistic foundation for how pAgos utilize ancillary factors to achieve plasmid clearance, and provides insights into anti-plasmid immunity in bacteria.\r\n\r\n"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Bravo","full_name":"Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly","orcid":"0000-0003-0456-0753","id":"96aecfa5-8931-11ee-af30-aa6a5d6eee0e","first_name":"Jack Peter Kelly"},{"full_name":"Ramos, Delisa A.","last_name":"Ramos","first_name":"Delisa A."},{"last_name":"Fregoso Ocampo","full_name":"Fregoso Ocampo, Rodrigo","first_name":"Rodrigo"},{"first_name":"Caiden","full_name":"Ingram, Caiden","last_name":"Ingram"},{"first_name":"David W.","last_name":"Taylor","full_name":"Taylor, David W."}],"citation":{"chicago":"Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly, Delisa A. Ramos, Rodrigo Fregoso Ocampo, Caiden Ingram, and David W. Taylor. “Plasmid Targeting and Destruction by the DdmDE Bacterial Defence System.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9</a>.","ieee":"J. P. K. Bravo, D. A. Ramos, R. Fregoso Ocampo, C. Ingram, and D. W. Taylor, “Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 630, no. 8018. Springer Nature, pp. 961–967, 2024.","mla":"Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly, et al. “Plasmid Targeting and Destruction by the DdmDE Bacterial Defence System.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 630, no. 8018, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 961–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9\">10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9</a>.","apa":"Bravo, J. P. K., Ramos, D. A., Fregoso Ocampo, R., Ingram, C., &#38; Taylor, D. W. (2024). Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9</a>","ista":"Bravo JPK, Ramos DA, Fregoso Ocampo R, Ingram C, Taylor DW. 2024. Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system. Nature. 630(8018), 961–967.","ama":"Bravo JPK, Ramos DA, Fregoso Ocampo R, Ingram C, Taylor DW. Plasmid targeting and destruction by the DdmDE bacterial defence system. <i>Nature</i>. 2024;630(8018):961-967. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9\">10.1038/s41586-024-07515-9</a>","short":"J.P.K. Bravo, D.A. Ramos, R. Fregoso Ocampo, C. Ingram, D.W. Taylor, Nature 630 (2024) 961–967."}},{"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","project":[{"name":"Mechanical Adaptation of Lamellipodial Actin Networks in Migrating Cells","_id":"260AA4E2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"747687","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0028-0836"],"eissn":["1476-4687"]},"oa":1,"corr_author":"1","pmid":1,"researchdata_availability":"upon request","abstract":[{"text":"Platelet homeostasis is essential for vascular integrity and immune defence1,2. Although the process of platelet formation by fragmenting megakaryocytes (MKs; thrombopoiesis) has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms required to constantly replenish the pool of MKs by their progenitor cells (megakaryopoiesis) remains unclear3,4. Here we use intravital imaging to track the cellular dynamics of megakaryopoiesis over days. We identify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as homeostatic sensors that monitor the bone marrow for apoptotic MKs and deliver IFNα to the MK niche triggering local on-demand proliferation and maturation of MK progenitors. This pDC-dependent feedback loop is crucial for MK and platelet homeostasis at steady state and under stress. pDCs are best known for their ability to function as vigilant detectors of viral infection5. We show that virus-induced activation of pDCs interferes with their function as homeostatic sensors of megakaryopoiesis. Consequently, activation of pDCs by SARS-CoV-2 leads to excessive megakaryopoiesis. Together, we identify a pDC-dependent homeostatic circuit that involves innate immune sensing and demand-adapted release of inflammatory mediators to maintain homeostasis of the megakaryocytic lineage.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"id":"397A88EE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Florian R","orcid":"0000-0001-6120-3723","full_name":"Gärtner, Florian R","last_name":"Gärtner"},{"last_name":"Ishikawa-Ankerhold","full_name":"Ishikawa-Ankerhold, Hellen","first_name":"Hellen"},{"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Stutte","full_name":"Stutte, Susanne"},{"last_name":"Fu","full_name":"Fu, Wenwen","first_name":"Wenwen"},{"full_name":"Weitz, Jutta","last_name":"Weitz","first_name":"Jutta"},{"first_name":"Anne","full_name":"Dueck, Anne","last_name":"Dueck"},{"full_name":"Nelakuditi, Bhavishya","last_name":"Nelakuditi","first_name":"Bhavishya"},{"first_name":"Valeria","full_name":"Fumagalli, Valeria","last_name":"Fumagalli"},{"last_name":"Van Den Heuvel","full_name":"Van Den Heuvel, Dominic","first_name":"Dominic"},{"first_name":"Larissa","full_name":"Belz, Larissa","last_name":"Belz"},{"last_name":"Sobirova","full_name":"Sobirova, Gulnoza","first_name":"Gulnoza"},{"first_name":"Zhe","full_name":"Zhang, Zhe","last_name":"Zhang"},{"last_name":"Titova","full_name":"Titova, Anna","first_name":"Anna"},{"last_name":"Navarro","full_name":"Navarro, Alejandro Martinez","first_name":"Alejandro Martinez"},{"last_name":"Pekayvaz","full_name":"Pekayvaz, Kami","first_name":"Kami"},{"full_name":"Lorenz, Michael","last_name":"Lorenz","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Louisa","last_name":"Von Baumgarten","full_name":"Von Baumgarten, Louisa"},{"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Kranich","full_name":"Kranich, Jan"},{"last_name":"Straub","full_name":"Straub, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias"},{"full_name":"Popper, Bastian","last_name":"Popper","first_name":"Bastian"},{"first_name":"Vanessa","id":"39C5A68A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-9438-4783","last_name":"Zheden","full_name":"Zheden, Vanessa"},{"id":"3F99E422-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9735-5315","first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Kaufmann","full_name":"Kaufmann, Walter"},{"last_name":"Guo","full_name":"Guo, Chenglong","first_name":"Chenglong"},{"last_name":"Piontek","full_name":"Piontek, Guido","first_name":"Guido"},{"full_name":"Von Stillfried, Saskia","last_name":"Von Stillfried","first_name":"Saskia"},{"first_name":"Peter","full_name":"Boor, Peter","last_name":"Boor"},{"first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Colonna, Marco","last_name":"Colonna"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","full_name":"Clauß, Sebastian","last_name":"Clauß"},{"first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Schulz, Christian","last_name":"Schulz"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Brocker","full_name":"Brocker, Thomas"},{"full_name":"Walzog, Barbara","last_name":"Walzog","first_name":"Barbara"},{"first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Scheiermann, Christoph","last_name":"Scheiermann"},{"full_name":"Aird, William C.","last_name":"Aird","first_name":"William C."},{"first_name":"Claus","full_name":"Nerlov, Claus","last_name":"Nerlov"},{"first_name":"Konstantin","full_name":"Stark, Konstantin","last_name":"Stark"},{"full_name":"Petzold, Tobias","last_name":"Petzold","first_name":"Tobias"},{"last_name":"Engelhardt","full_name":"Engelhardt, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan"},{"first_name":"Michael K","orcid":"0000-0002-6620-9179","id":"41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sixt, Michael K","last_name":"Sixt"},{"id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522","last_name":"Hauschild","full_name":"Hauschild, Robert"},{"first_name":"Martina","full_name":"Rudelius, Martina","last_name":"Rudelius"},{"first_name":"Robert A.J.","last_name":"Oostendorp","full_name":"Oostendorp, Robert A.J."},{"first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Iannacone","full_name":"Iannacone, Matteo"},{"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Heinig","full_name":"Heinig, Matthias"},{"last_name":"Massberg","full_name":"Massberg, Steffen","first_name":"Steffen"}],"citation":{"apa":"Gärtner, F. R., Ishikawa-Ankerhold, H., Stutte, S., Fu, W., Weitz, J., Dueck, A., … Massberg, S. (2024). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control homeostasis of megakaryopoiesis. <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y</a>","chicago":"Gärtner, Florian R, Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold, Susanne Stutte, Wenwen Fu, Jutta Weitz, Anne Dueck, Bhavishya Nelakuditi, et al. “Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Control Homeostasis of Megakaryopoiesis.” <i>Nature</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y</a>.","mla":"Gärtner, Florian R., et al. “Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Control Homeostasis of Megakaryopoiesis.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 631, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 645–53, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y\">10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y</a>.","ieee":"F. R. Gärtner <i>et al.</i>, “Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control homeostasis of megakaryopoiesis,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 631. Springer Nature, pp. 645–653, 2024.","short":"F.R. Gärtner, H. Ishikawa-Ankerhold, S. Stutte, W. Fu, J. Weitz, A. Dueck, B. Nelakuditi, V. Fumagalli, D. Van Den Heuvel, L. Belz, G. Sobirova, Z. Zhang, A. Titova, A.M. Navarro, K. Pekayvaz, M. Lorenz, L. Von Baumgarten, J. Kranich, T. Straub, B. Popper, V. Zheden, W. Kaufmann, C. Guo, G. Piontek, S. Von Stillfried, P. Boor, M. Colonna, S. Clauß, C. Schulz, T. Brocker, B. Walzog, C. Scheiermann, W.C. Aird, C. Nerlov, K. Stark, T. Petzold, S. Engelhardt, M.K. Sixt, R. Hauschild, M. Rudelius, R.A.J. Oostendorp, M. Iannacone, M. Heinig, S. Massberg, Nature 631 (2024) 645–653.","ama":"Gärtner FR, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Stutte S, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control homeostasis of megakaryopoiesis. <i>Nature</i>. 2024;631:645-653. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y\">10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y</a>","ista":"Gärtner FR, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Stutte S, Fu W, Weitz J, Dueck A, Nelakuditi B, Fumagalli V, Van Den Heuvel D, Belz L, Sobirova G, Zhang Z, Titova A, Navarro AM, Pekayvaz K, Lorenz M, Von Baumgarten L, Kranich J, Straub T, Popper B, Zheden V, Kaufmann W, Guo C, Piontek G, Von Stillfried S, Boor P, Colonna M, Clauß S, Schulz C, Brocker T, Walzog B, Scheiermann C, Aird WC, Nerlov C, Stark K, Petzold T, Engelhardt S, Sixt MK, Hauschild R, Rudelius M, Oostendorp RAJ, Iannacone M, Heinig M, Massberg S. 2024. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control homeostasis of megakaryopoiesis. Nature. 631, 645–653."},"file_date_updated":"2024-07-22T06:16:11Z","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/heiniglab/gaertner_megakaryocytes","relation":"software"}]},"supplementarymaterial":"yes","publisher":"Springer Nature","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","year":"2024","month":"07","title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control homeostasis of megakaryopoiesis","date_published":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_created":"2024-07-22T06:16:11Z","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","success":1,"relation":"main_file","checksum":"aa004afc72d2489f0fb0fcbc9919fbbd","file_name":"2024_Nature_Gaertner.pdf","file_id":"17286","date_updated":"2024-07-22T06:16:11Z","file_size":15704819,"content_type":"application/pdf"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank S. Helmer, N. Blount, E. Raatz and Z. Sisic for technical assistance. This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) SFB 1123 (S.M. project B06); SFB 914 (S.M. projects B02 and Z01, H.I.-A. project Z01, S.S. project A06, K.S. project B02, C. Schulz project A10, B.W. project A02, C. Scheiermann project B09); SFB 1054 (T.B. project B03); FOR2033 (F.G., R.A.J.O., S.M.); Individual research grant project ID: 514478744 (F.G.); Heisenberg Programme project ID: 514477451 (F.G.); the DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) (MHA 1.4VD (S.M.), Postdoc Start-up Grant, 81×3600213 (F.G.)); and LMUexcellence NFF (F.G.). W.F. received funding from China Scholarship Council (CSC, no. 201306270012). P.B. is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, project IDs 322900939, 432698239 and 445703531), European Research Council (ERC Consolidator grant no. 101001791) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, STOP-FSGS-01GM2202C and NATON within the framework of the Network of University Medicine, no. 01KX2121). S.v.S. is supported by the START-Program of the Faculty of Medicine of the RWTH Aachen University (AZ 125/17). A.D. and S.E. are supported by the German Research Foundation (SFB TRR 267); S.E. by the BMBF in the framework of the Cluster4future program (CNATM—Cluster for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Munich). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 833440 to S.M.). F.G. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 747687. The project is funded by the European Union (ERC, MEKanics, 101078110). Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.","ddc":["570"],"day":"18","publication":"Nature","intvolume":"       631","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","scopus_import":"1","date_updated":"2026-10-01T11:17:11Z","page":"645-653","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y","_id":"17284","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","ec_funded":1,"department":[{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"MiSi"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"dataavailabilitystatement":"Imaging and flow cytometry raw data are available on request. scRNA-seq data are accessible at the GEO (GSE261996). Bulk RNA-seq data are accessible at the GEO (GSE185488). Source data are provided with this paper.","status":"public","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"volume":631,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07671-y","external_id":{"isi":["001281636500020"],"pmid":["38987596"]},"das_tickbox":"1","isi":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2024-07-21T22:01:02Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version"}]