---
_id: '17382'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Elastic surfaces that morph between multiple geometrical configurations are
    of significant engineering value, with applications ranging from the deployment
    of space-based photovoltaic arrays, the erection of temporary shelters, and the
    realization of flexible display systems, to understanding the encapsulation and
    release of viral RNAs. In general, ensuring that a shape with a planar rest configuration
    can deploy into a target three-dimensional (3D) shape is a nontrivial problem.
    Moreover, it is difficult to physically realize the local deformations necessary
    to achieve such global transformation. Here, we give a tutorial on applying conformal
    mapping to rationalize the geometrical deformation of several microstructure designs.
    A conformal map is a function that locally preserves angles and shapes but not
    lengths: some regions are scaled (enlarged or shrunk) more than others. To transform
    a planar surface to 3D, we implement uniform local scalings as mechanical deformations.
    Numerous natural and architected material systems exhibit such behavior, including
    kirigami, origami, hydrogel, linkage mechanisms, and fabric membranes. The design
    and fabrication of conformally transformable surfaces is a transdisciplinary challenge
    involving insights from advanced manufacturing, computational design, material
    science, and mechanics. By recognizing that many material systems exhibit isotropic
    deformation, we hope to inspire researchers to adopt conformal mapping in designing
    next-generation surface-based engineering systems.'
article_number: JAM-22-1358
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yue
  full_name: Wang, Yue
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Yingying
  full_name: Ren, Yingying
  id: 93d68d10-3540-11ef-a265-f748a50dba3d
  last_name: Ren
- first_name: Tian
  full_name: Chen, Tian
  last_name: Chen
citation:
  ama: 'Wang Y, Ren Y, Chen T. From kirigami to hydrogels: A tutorial on designing
    conformally transformable surfaces. <i>Journal of Applied Mechanics</i>. 2023;90(4).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056350">10.1115/1.4056350</a>'
  apa: 'Wang, Y., Ren, Y., &#38; Chen, T. (2023). From kirigami to hydrogels: A tutorial
    on designing conformally transformable surfaces. <i>Journal of Applied Mechanics</i>.
    American Society of Mechanical Engineers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056350">https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056350</a>'
  chicago: 'Wang, Yue, Yingying Ren, and Tian Chen. “From Kirigami to Hydrogels: A
    Tutorial on Designing Conformally Transformable Surfaces.” <i>Journal of Applied
    Mechanics</i>. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056350">https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056350</a>.'
  ieee: 'Y. Wang, Y. Ren, and T. Chen, “From kirigami to hydrogels: A tutorial on
    designing conformally transformable surfaces,” <i>Journal of Applied Mechanics</i>,
    vol. 90, no. 4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023.'
  ista: 'Wang Y, Ren Y, Chen T. 2023. From kirigami to hydrogels: A tutorial on designing
    conformally transformable surfaces. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 90(4), JAM-22-1358.'
  mla: 'Wang, Yue, et al. “From Kirigami to Hydrogels: A Tutorial on Designing Conformally
    Transformable Surfaces.” <i>Journal of Applied Mechanics</i>, vol. 90, no. 4,
    JAM-22-1358, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4056350">10.1115/1.4056350</a>.'
  short: Y. Wang, Y. Ren, T. Chen, Journal of Applied Mechanics 90 (2023).
date_created: 2024-08-05T06:29:41Z
date_published: 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-08-12T09:45:05Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1115/1.4056350
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        90'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
publication: Journal of Applied Mechanics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1528-9036
  issn:
  - 0021-8936
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'From kirigami to hydrogels: A tutorial on designing conformally transformable
  surfaces'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 90
year: '2023'
...