@article{18587,
  abstract     = {Many scientific breakthroughs have depended on animal research, yet the ethical concerns surrounding the use of animals in experimentation have long prompted discussions about humane treatment and responsible scientific practice. First articulated by Russell and Burch, the 3Rs Principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement have gained widespread recognition as basic guidelines for animal research. Over time, the 3Rs have transcended the research community, influencing policy decisions, animal welfare advocacy and public perception of animal experimentation. Despite their broad acceptance, interpretations of the 3Rs vary substantially, shaping statutory frameworks at various levels, with both technical and practical impacts.},
  author       = {Lauwereyns, Jan and Bajramovic, Jeffrey and Bert, Bettina and Camenzind, Samuel and De Kock, Joery and Elezović, Alisa and Erden, Sevilay and Gonzalez-Uarquin, Fernando and Ulman, Yesim Isil and Hoffmann, Orsolya Ivett and Kitsara, Maria and Kostomitsopoulos, Nikolaos and Neuhaus, Winfried and Petit-Demouliere, Benoit and Pollo, Simone and Riso, Brígida and Schober, Sophie and Sotiropoulos, Athanassia and Thomas, Aurélie and Vitale, Augusto and Wilflingseder, Doris and Ahluwalia, Arti},
  issn         = {1548-4475},
  journal      = {Lab Animal},
  pages        = {347--350},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41684-024-01476-2},
  volume       = {53},
  year         = {2024},
}