---
_id: '14488'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Portrait viewpoint and illumination editing is an important problem with
    several applications in VR/AR, movies, and photography. Comprehensive knowledge
    of geometry and illumination is critical for obtaining photorealistic results.
    Current methods are unable to explicitly model in 3D while handling both viewpoint
    and illumination editing from a single image. In this paper, we propose VoRF,
    a novel approach that can take even a single portrait image as input and relight
    human heads under novel illuminations that can be viewed from arbitrary viewpoints.
    VoRF represents a human head as a continuous volumetric field and learns a prior
    model of human heads using a coordinate-based MLP with individual latent spaces
    for identity and illumination. The prior model is learned in an auto-decoder manner
    over a diverse class of head shapes and appearances, allowing VoRF to generalize
    to novel test identities from a single input image. Additionally, VoRF has a reflectance
    MLP that uses the intermediate features of the prior model for rendering One-Light-at-A-Time
    (OLAT) images under novel views. We synthesize novel illuminations by combining
    these OLAT images with target environment maps. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations
    demonstrate the effectiveness of VoRF for relighting and novel view synthesis,
    even when applied to unseen subjects under uncontrolled illumination. This work
    is an extension of Rao et al. (VoRF: Volumetric Relightable Faces 2022). We provide
    extensive evaluation and ablative studies of our model and also provide an application,
    where any face can be relighted using textual input.'
acknowledgement: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pramod
  full_name: Rao, Pramod
  last_name: Rao
- first_name: B. R.
  full_name: Mallikarjun, B. R.
  last_name: Mallikarjun
- first_name: Gereon
  full_name: Fox, Gereon
  last_name: Fox
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Weyrich, Tim
  last_name: Weyrich
- first_name: Bernd
  full_name: Bickel, Bernd
  id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Bickel
  orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
- first_name: Hanspeter
  full_name: Pfister, Hanspeter
  last_name: Pfister
- first_name: Wojciech
  full_name: Matusik, Wojciech
  last_name: Matusik
- first_name: Fangneng
  full_name: Zhan, Fangneng
  last_name: Zhan
- first_name: Ayush
  full_name: Tewari, Ayush
  last_name: Tewari
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Theobalt, Christian
  last_name: Theobalt
- first_name: Mohamed
  full_name: Elgharib, Mohamed
  last_name: Elgharib
citation:
  ama: Rao P, Mallikarjun BR, Fox G, et al. A deeper analysis of volumetric relightiable
    faces. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2024;132:1148-1166. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3">10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3</a>
  apa: Rao, P., Mallikarjun, B. R., Fox, G., Weyrich, T., Bickel, B., Pfister, H.,
    … Elgharib, M. (2024). A deeper analysis of volumetric relightiable faces. <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3</a>
  chicago: Rao, Pramod, B. R. Mallikarjun, Gereon Fox, Tim Weyrich, Bernd Bickel,
    Hanspeter Pfister, Wojciech Matusik, et al. “A Deeper Analysis of Volumetric Relightiable
    Faces.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2024.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3</a>.
  ieee: P. Rao <i>et al.</i>, “A deeper analysis of volumetric relightiable faces,”
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 132. Springer Nature, pp.
    1148–1166, 2024.
  ista: Rao P, Mallikarjun BR, Fox G, Weyrich T, Bickel B, Pfister H, Matusik W, Zhan
    F, Tewari A, Theobalt C, Elgharib M. 2024. A deeper analysis of volumetric relightiable
    faces. International Journal of Computer Vision. 132, 1148–1166.
  mla: Rao, Pramod, et al. “A Deeper Analysis of Volumetric Relightiable Faces.” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 132, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 1148–66,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3">10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3</a>.
  short: P. Rao, B.R. Mallikarjun, G. Fox, T. Weyrich, B. Bickel, H. Pfister, W. Matusik,
    F. Zhan, A. Tewari, C. Theobalt, M. Elgharib, International Journal of Computer
    Vision 132 (2024) 1148–1166.
date_created: 2023-11-05T23:00:54Z
date_published: 2024-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-08-05T13:28:58Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.1007/s11263-023-01899-3
external_id:
  isi:
  - '001091935600002'
  pmid:
  - '38549787'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 5eef1d920f6fe700d7856098000d05f1
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-07-22T11:07:14Z
  date_updated: 2024-07-22T11:07:14Z
  file_id: '17304'
  file_name: 2024_IJCV_Rao.pdf
  file_size: 9942520
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       132'
isi: 1
language:
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month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1148-1166
pmid: 1
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A deeper analysis of volumetric relightiable faces
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 132
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '6944'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We study the problem of automatically detecting if a given multi-class classifier
    operates outside of its specifications (out-of-specs), i.e. on input data from
    a different distribution than what it was trained for. This is an important problem
    to solve on the road towards creating reliable computer vision systems for real-world
    applications, because the quality of a classifier’s predictions cannot be guaranteed
    if it operates out-of-specs. Previously proposed methods for out-of-specs detection
    make decisions on the level of single inputs. This, however, is insufficient to
    achieve low false positive rate and high false negative rates at the same time.
    In this work, we describe a new procedure named KS(conf), based on statistical
    reasoning. Its main component is a classical Kolmogorov–Smirnov test that is applied
    to the set of predicted confidence values for batches of samples. Working with
    batches instead of single samples allows increasing the true positive rate without
    negatively affecting the false positive rate, thereby overcoming a crucial limitation
    of single sample tests. We show by extensive experiments using a variety of convolutional
    network architectures and datasets that KS(conf) reliably detects out-of-specs
    situations even under conditions where other tests fail. It furthermore has a
    number of properties that make it an excellent candidate for practical deployment:
    it is easy to implement, adds almost no overhead to the system, works with any
    classifier that outputs confidence scores, and requires no a priori knowledge
    about how the data distribution could change.'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rémy
  full_name: Sun, Rémy
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
citation:
  ama: 'Sun R, Lampert C. KS(conf): A light-weight test if a multiclass classifier
    operates outside of its specifications. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>.
    2020;128(4):970-995. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x">10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x</a>'
  apa: 'Sun, R., &#38; Lampert, C. (2020). KS(conf): A light-weight test if a multiclass
    classifier operates outside of its specifications. <i>International Journal of
    Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x</a>'
  chicago: 'Sun, Rémy, and Christoph Lampert. “KS(Conf): A Light-Weight Test If a
    Multiclass Classifier Operates Outside of Its Specifications.” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Sun and C. Lampert, “KS(conf): A light-weight test if a multiclass classifier
    operates outside of its specifications,” <i>International Journal of Computer
    Vision</i>, vol. 128, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 970–995, 2020.'
  ista: 'Sun R, Lampert C. 2020. KS(conf): A light-weight test if a multiclass classifier
    operates outside of its specifications. International Journal of Computer Vision.
    128(4), 970–995.'
  mla: 'Sun, Rémy, and Christoph Lampert. “KS(Conf): A Light-Weight Test If a Multiclass
    Classifier Operates Outside of Its Specifications.” <i>International Journal of
    Computer Vision</i>, vol. 128, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 970–95, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x">10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x</a>.'
  short: R. Sun, C. Lampert, International Journal of Computer Vision 128 (2020) 970–995.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2019-10-14T09:14:28Z
date_published: 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-15T07:10:25Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '004'
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.1007/s11263-019-01232-x
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000494406800001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 155e63edf664dcacb3bdc1c2223e606f
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-11-26T10:30:02Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:45Z
  file_id: '7110'
  file_name: 2019_IJCV_Sun.pdf
  file_size: 1715072
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 970-995
project:
- _id: 2532554C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '308036'
  name: Lifelong Learning of Visual Scene Understanding
- _id: B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854
  name: IST Austria Open Access Fund
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01262-5
  record:
  - id: '6482'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'KS(conf): A light-weight test if a multiclass classifier operates outside
  of its specifications'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 128
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '6952'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We present a unified framework tackling two problems: class-specific 3D reconstruction
    from a single image, and generation of new 3D shape samples. These tasks have
    received considerable attention recently; however, most existing approaches rely
    on 3D supervision, annotation of 2D images with keypoints or poses, and/or training
    with multiple views of each object instance. Our framework is very general: it
    can be trained in similar settings to existing approaches, while also supporting
    weaker supervision. Importantly, it can be trained purely from 2D images, without
    pose annotations, and with only a single view per instance. We employ meshes as
    an output representation, instead of voxels used in most prior work. This allows
    us to reason over lighting parameters and exploit shading information during training,
    which previous 2D-supervised methods cannot. Thus, our method can learn to generate
    and reconstruct concave object classes. We evaluate our approach in various settings,
    showing that: (i) it learns to disentangle shape from pose and lighting; (ii)
    using shading in the loss improves performance compared to just silhouettes; (iii)
    when using a standard single white light, our model outperforms state-of-the-art
    2D-supervised methods, both with and without pose supervision, thanks to exploiting
    shading cues; (iv) performance improves further when using multiple coloured lights,
    even approaching that of state-of-the-art 3D-supervised methods; (v) shapes produced
    by our model capture smooth surfaces and fine details better than voxel-based
    approaches; and (vi) our approach supports concave classes such as bathtubs and
    sofas, which methods based on silhouettes cannot learn.'
acknowledgement: Open access funding provided by Institute of Science and Technology
  (IST Austria).
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Paul M
  full_name: Henderson, Paul M
  id: 13C09E74-18D9-11E9-8878-32CFE5697425
  last_name: Henderson
  orcid: 0000-0002-5198-7445
- first_name: Vittorio
  full_name: Ferrari, Vittorio
  last_name: Ferrari
citation:
  ama: Henderson PM, Ferrari V. Learning single-image 3D reconstruction by generative
    modelling of shape, pose and shading. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>.
    2020;128:835-854. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8">10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8</a>
  apa: Henderson, P. M., &#38; Ferrari, V. (2020). Learning single-image 3D reconstruction
    by generative modelling of shape, pose and shading. <i>International Journal of
    Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8</a>
  chicago: Henderson, Paul M, and Vittorio Ferrari. “Learning Single-Image 3D Reconstruction
    by Generative Modelling of Shape, Pose and Shading.” <i>International Journal
    of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8</a>.
  ieee: P. M. Henderson and V. Ferrari, “Learning single-image 3D reconstruction by
    generative modelling of shape, pose and shading,” <i>International Journal of
    Computer Vision</i>, vol. 128. Springer Nature, pp. 835–854, 2020.
  ista: Henderson PM, Ferrari V. 2020. Learning single-image 3D reconstruction by
    generative modelling of shape, pose and shading. International Journal of Computer
    Vision. 128, 835–854.
  mla: Henderson, Paul M., and Vittorio Ferrari. “Learning Single-Image 3D Reconstruction
    by Generative Modelling of Shape, Pose and Shading.” <i>International Journal
    of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 128, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 835–54, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8">10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8</a>.
  short: P.M. Henderson, V. Ferrari, International Journal of Computer Vision 128
    (2020) 835–854.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2019-10-17T13:38:20Z
date_published: 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-15T06:53:15Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '004'
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.1007/s11263-019-01219-8
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1901.06447'
  isi:
  - '000491042100002'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a0f05dd4f5f64e4f713d8d9d4b5b1e3f
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-10-25T10:28:29Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:46Z
  file_id: '6973'
  file_name: 2019_CompVision_Henderson.pdf
  file_size: 2243134
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:46Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 835-854
project:
- _id: B67AFEDC-15C9-11EA-A837-991A96BB2854
  name: IST Austria Open Access Fund
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Learning single-image 3D reconstruction by generative modelling of shape, pose
  and shading
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 128
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '18361'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 3D models of humans are commonly used within computer graphics and vision,
    and so the ability to distinguish between body shapes is an important shape retrieval
    problem. We extend our recent paper which provided a benchmark for testing non-rigid
    3D shape retrieval algorithms on 3D human models. This benchmark provided a far
    stricter challenge than previous shape benchmarks. We have added 145 new models
    for use as a separate training set, in order to standardise the training data
    used and provide a fairer comparison. We have also included experiments with the
    FAUST dataset of human scans. All participants of the previous benchmark study
    have taken part in the new tests reported here, many providing updated results
    using the new data. In addition, further participants have also taken part, and
    we provide extra analysis of the retrieval results. A total of 25 different shape
    retrieval methods are compared.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Pickup, D.
  last_name: Pickup
- first_name: X.
  full_name: Sun, X.
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: P. L.
  full_name: Rosin, P. L.
  last_name: Rosin
- first_name: R. R.
  full_name: Martin, R. R.
  last_name: Martin
- first_name: Z.
  full_name: Cheng, Z.
  last_name: Cheng
- first_name: Z.
  full_name: Lian, Z.
  last_name: Lian
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Aono, M.
  last_name: Aono
- first_name: A. Ben
  full_name: Hamza, A. Ben
  last_name: Hamza
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Bronstein, M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Bu, S.
  last_name: Bu
- first_name: U.
  full_name: Castellani, U.
  last_name: Castellani
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Cheng, S.
  last_name: Cheng
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Garro, V.
  last_name: Garro
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Giachetti, A.
  last_name: Giachetti
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Godil, A.
  last_name: Godil
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Isaia, L.
  last_name: Isaia
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Han, J.
  last_name: Han
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Johan, H.
  last_name: Johan
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Lai, L.
  last_name: Lai
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Li, B.
  last_name: Li
- first_name: C.
  full_name: Li, C.
  last_name: Li
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Li, H.
  last_name: Li
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Litman, R.
  last_name: Litman
- first_name: X.
  full_name: Liu, X.
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Z.
  full_name: Liu, Z.
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Lu, Y.
  last_name: Lu
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Sun, L.
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Tam, G.
  last_name: Tam
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Tatsuma, A.
  last_name: Tatsuma
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Ye, J.
  last_name: Ye
citation:
  ama: Pickup D, Sun X, Rosin PL, et al. Shape retrieval of non-rigid 3D human models.
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2016;120(2):169-193. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8">10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8</a>
  apa: Pickup, D., Sun, X., Rosin, P. L., Martin, R. R., Cheng, Z., Lian, Z., … Ye,
    J. (2016). Shape retrieval of non-rigid 3D human models. <i>International Journal
    of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8</a>
  chicago: Pickup, D., X. Sun, P. L. Rosin, R. R. Martin, Z. Cheng, Z. Lian, M. Aono,
    et al. “Shape Retrieval of Non-Rigid 3D Human Models.” <i>International Journal
    of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8</a>.
  ieee: D. Pickup <i>et al.</i>, “Shape retrieval of non-rigid 3D human models,” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 120, no. 2. Springer Nature, pp. 169–193,
    2016.
  ista: Pickup D, Sun X, Rosin PL, Martin RR, Cheng Z, Lian Z, Aono M, Hamza AB, Bronstein
    AM, Bronstein M, Bu S, Castellani U, Cheng S, Garro V, Giachetti A, Godil A, Isaia
    L, Han J, Johan H, Lai L, Li B, Li C, Li H, Litman R, Liu X, Liu Z, Lu Y, Sun
    L, Tam G, Tatsuma A, Ye J. 2016. Shape retrieval of non-rigid 3D human models.
    International Journal of Computer Vision. 120(2), 169–193.
  mla: Pickup, D., et al. “Shape Retrieval of Non-Rigid 3D Human Models.” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 120, no. 2, Springer Nature, 2016, pp. 169–93,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8">10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8</a>.
  short: D. Pickup, X. Sun, P.L. Rosin, R.R. Martin, Z. Cheng, Z. Lian, M. Aono, A.B.
    Hamza, A.M. Bronstein, M. Bronstein, S. Bu, U. Castellani, S. Cheng, V. Garro,
    A. Giachetti, A. Godil, L. Isaia, J. Han, H. Johan, L. Lai, B. Li, C. Li, H. Li,
    R. Litman, X. Liu, Z. Liu, Y. Lu, L. Sun, G. Tam, A. Tatsuma, J. Ye, International
    Journal of Computer Vision 120 (2016) 169–193.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2016-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-12-18T15:13:03Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       120'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0903-8
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 169-193
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Shape retrieval of non-rigid 3D human models
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 120
year: '2016'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18358'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this paper, the problem of non-rigid shape recognition is studied from
    the perspective of metric geometry. In particular, we explore the applicability
    of diffusion distances within the Gromov-Hausdorff framework. While the traditionally
    used geodesic distance exploits the shortest path between points on the surface,
    the diffusion distance averages all paths connecting the points. The diffusion
    distance constitutes an intrinsic metric which is robust, in particular, to topological
    changes. Such changes in the form of shortcuts, holes, and missing data may be
    a result of natural non-rigid deformations as well as acquisition and representation
    noise due to inaccurate surface construction. The presentation of the proposed
    framework is complemented with examples demonstrating that in addition to the
    relatively low complexity involved in the computation of the diffusion distances
    between surface points, its recognition and matching performances favorably compare
    to the classical geodesic distances in the presence of topological changes between
    the non-rigid shapes.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
- first_name: Mona
  full_name: Mahmoudi, Mona
  last_name: Mahmoudi
- first_name: Guillermo
  full_name: Sapiro, Guillermo
  last_name: Sapiro
citation:
  ama: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R, Mahmoudi M, Sapiro G. A Gromov-Hausdorff
    framework with diffusion geometry for topologically-robust non-rigid shape matching.
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2010;89(2-3):266-286. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6">10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6</a>
  apa: Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., Kimmel, R., Mahmoudi, M., &#38; Sapiro,
    G. (2010). A Gromov-Hausdorff framework with diffusion geometry for topologically-robust
    non-rigid shape matching. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, Ron Kimmel, Mona Mahmoudi, and
    Guillermo Sapiro. “A Gromov-Hausdorff Framework with Diffusion Geometry for Topologically-Robust
    Non-Rigid Shape Matching.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer
    Nature, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, M. Mahmoudi, and G. Sapiro, “A
    Gromov-Hausdorff framework with diffusion geometry for topologically-robust non-rigid
    shape matching,” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 89, no.
    2–3. Springer Nature, pp. 266–286, 2010.
  ista: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R, Mahmoudi M, Sapiro G. 2010. A Gromov-Hausdorff
    framework with diffusion geometry for topologically-robust non-rigid shape matching.
    International Journal of Computer Vision. 89(2–3), 266–286.
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “A Gromov-Hausdorff Framework with Diffusion Geometry
    for Topologically-Robust Non-Rigid Shape Matching.” <i>International Journal of
    Computer Vision</i>, vol. 89, no. 2–3, Springer Nature, 2010, pp. 266–86, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6">10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, M. Mahmoudi, G. Sapiro, International
    Journal of Computer Vision 89 (2010) 266–286.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2010-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-22T07:58:23Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-009-0301-6
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        89'
issue: 2-3
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 266-286
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A Gromov-Hausdorff framework with diffusion geometry for topologically-robust
  non-rigid shape matching
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 89
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '18359'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Symmetry and self-similarity are the cornerstone of Nature, exhibiting themselves
    through the shapes of natural creations and ubiquitous laws of physics. Since
    many natural objects are symmetric, the absence of symmetry can often be an indication
    of some anomaly or abnormal behavior. Therefore, detection of asymmetries is important
    in numerous practical applications, including crystallography, medical imaging,
    and face recognition, to mention a few. Conversely, the assumption of underlying
    shape symmetry can facilitate solutions to many problems in shape reconstruction
    and analysis. Traditionally, symmetries are described as extrinsic geometric properties
    of the shape. While being adequate for rigid shapes, such a description is inappropriate
    for non-rigid ones: extrinsic symmetry can be broken as a result of shape deformations,
    while its intrinsic symmetry is preserved. In this paper, we present a generalization
    of symmetries for non-rigid shapes and a numerical framework for their analysis,
    addressing the problems of full and partial exact and approximate symmetry detection
    and classification.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Dan
  full_name: Raviv, Dan
  last_name: Raviv
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Raviv D, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. Full and partial symmetries
    of non-rigid shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2010;89:18-39.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3">10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3</a>
  apa: Raviv, D., Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2010). Full
    and partial symmetries of non-rigid shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer
    Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3</a>
  chicago: Raviv, Dan, Alex M. Bronstein, Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Full
    and Partial Symmetries of Non-Rigid Shapes.” <i>International Journal of Computer
    Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3</a>.
  ieee: D. Raviv, A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “Full and partial
    symmetries of non-rigid shapes,” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>,
    vol. 89. Springer Nature, pp. 18–39, 2010.
  ista: Raviv D, Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2010. Full and partial symmetries
    of non-rigid shapes. International Journal of Computer Vision. 89, 18–39.
  mla: Raviv, Dan, et al. “Full and Partial Symmetries of Non-Rigid Shapes.” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 89, Springer Nature, 2010, pp. 18–39, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3">10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3</a>.
  short: D. Raviv, A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal
    of Computer Vision 89 (2010) 18–39.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2010-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T08:30:11Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-010-0320-3
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        89'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 18-39
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Full and partial symmetries of non-rigid shapes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 89
year: '2010'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '18360'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Many manifold learning procedures try to embed a given feature data into a
    flat space of low dimensionality while preserving as much as possible the metric
    in the natural feature space. The embedding process usually relies on distances
    between neighboring features, mainly since distances between features that are
    far apart from each other often provide an unreliable estimation of the true distance
    on the feature manifold due to its non-convexity. Distortions resulting from using
    long geodesics indiscriminately lead to a known limitation of the Isomap algorithm
    when used to map non-convex manifolds. Presented is a framework for nonlinear
    dimensionality reduction that uses both local and global distances in order to
    learn the intrinsic geometry of flat manifolds with boundaries. The resulting
    algorithm filters out potentially problematic distances between distant feature
    points based on the properties of the geodesics connecting those points and their
    relative distance to the boundary of the feature manifold, thus avoiding an inherent
    limitation of the Isomap algorithm. Since the proposed algorithm matches non-local
    structures, it is robust to strong noise. We show experimental results demonstrating
    the advantages of the proposed approach over conventional dimensionality reduction
    techniques, both global and local in nature.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Guy
  full_name: Rosman, Guy
  last_name: Rosman
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Rosman G, Bronstein MM, Bronstein AM, Kimmel R. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
    by topologically constrained isometric embedding. <i>International Journal of
    Computer Vision</i>. 2010;89:56-68. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1">10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1</a>
  apa: Rosman, G., Bronstein, M. M., Bronstein, A. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2010). Nonlinear
    dimensionality reduction by topologically constrained isometric embedding. <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1</a>
  chicago: Rosman, Guy, Michael M. Bronstein, Alex M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Nonlinear
    Dimensionality Reduction by Topologically Constrained Isometric Embedding.” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1</a>.
  ieee: G. Rosman, M. M. Bronstein, A. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “Nonlinear dimensionality
    reduction by topologically constrained isometric embedding,” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 89. Springer Nature, pp. 56–68, 2010.
  ista: Rosman G, Bronstein MM, Bronstein AM, Kimmel R. 2010. Nonlinear dimensionality
    reduction by topologically constrained isometric embedding. International Journal
    of Computer Vision. 89, 56–68.
  mla: Rosman, Guy, et al. “Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Topologically Constrained
    Isometric Embedding.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 89,
    Springer Nature, 2010, pp. 56–68, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1">10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1</a>.
  short: G. Rosman, M.M. Bronstein, A.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal
    of Computer Vision 89 (2010) 56–68.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2010-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-11-12T08:25:56Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        89'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-010-0322-1
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 56-68
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by topologically constrained isometric embedding
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 89
year: '2010'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18356'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Similarity is one of the most important abstract concepts in human perception
    of the world. In computer vision, numerous applications deal with comparing objects
    observed in a scene with some a priori known patterns. Often, it happens that
    while two objects are not similar, they have large similar parts, that is, they
    are partially similar. Here, we present a novel approach to quantify partial similarity
    using the notion of Pareto optimality. We exemplify our approach on the problems
    of recognizing non-rigid geometric objects, images, and analyzing text sequences.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Alfred M.
  full_name: Bruckstein, Alfred M.
  last_name: Bruckstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Bruckstein AM, Kimmel R. Partial similarity of
    objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse. <i>International Journal of Computer
    Vision</i>. 2009;84(2):163-183. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3">10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>
  apa: Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., Bruckstein, A. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009).
    Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse. <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, Alfred M. Bruckstein, and Ron
    Kimmel. “Partial Similarity of Objects, or How to Compare a Centaur to a Horse.”
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, A. M. Bruckstein, and R. Kimmel, “Partial
    similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse,” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 84, no. 2. Springer Nature, pp. 163–183,
    2009.
  ista: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Bruckstein AM, Kimmel R. 2009. Partial similarity
    of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse. International Journal of Computer
    Vision. 84(2), 163–183.
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Partial Similarity of Objects, or How to Compare
    a Centaur to a Horse.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 84,
    no. 2, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 163–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3">10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, A.M. Bruckstein, R. Kimmel, International
    Journal of Computer Vision 84 (2009) 163–183.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2009-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-22T07:55:59Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-008-0147-3
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        84'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 163-183
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Partial similarity of objects, or how to compare a centaur to a horse
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 84
year: '2009'
...
---
OA_type: closed access
_id: '18357'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'This paper explores the problem of similarity criteria between nonrigid shapes.
    Broadly speaking, such criteria are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic, the
    first referring to the metric structure of the object and the latter to how it
    is laid out in the Euclidean space. Both criteria have their advantages and disadvantages:
    extrinsic similarity is sensitive to nonrigid deformations, while intrinsic similarity
    is sensitive to topological noise. In this paper, we approach the problem from
    the perspective of metric geometry. We show that by unifying the extrinsic and
    intrinsic similarity criteria, it is possible to obtain a stronger topology-invariant
    similarity, suitable for comparing deformed shapes with different topology. We
    construct this new joint criterion as a tradeoff between the extrinsic and intrinsic
    similarity and use it as a set-valued distance. Numerical results demonstrate
    the efficiency of our approach in cases where using either extrinsic or intrinsic
    criteria alone would fail.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid
    shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2009;81(3):281-301. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>
  apa: Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2009). Topology-invariant
    similarity of nonrigid shapes. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Topology-Invariant
    Similarity of Nonrigid Shapes.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “Topology-invariant similarity
    of nonrigid shapes,” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 81,
    no. 3. Springer Nature, pp. 281–301, 2009.
  ista: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2009. Topology-invariant similarity
    of nonrigid shapes. International Journal of Computer Vision. 81(3), 281–301.
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Topology-Invariant Similarity of Nonrigid Shapes.”
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 81, no. 3, Springer Nature,
    2009, pp. 281–301, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2">10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal of Computer
    Vision 81 (2009) 281–301.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-22T07:27:15Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-008-0172-2
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        81'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 281-301
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Topology-invariant similarity of nonrigid shapes
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 81
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '18354'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "An expression-invariant 3D face recognition approach is presented. Our basic
    assumption is that facial expressions can be modelled as isometries of the facial
    surface. This allows to construct expression-invariant representations of faces
    using the bending-invariant canonical forms approach. The result is an efficient
    and accurate face recognition algorithm, robust to facial expressions, that can
    distinguish between identical twins (the first two authors). We demonstrate a
    prototype system based on the proposed algorithm and compare its performance to
    classical face recognition methods.\r\n\r\nThe numerical methods employed by our
    approach do not require the facial surface explicitly. The surface gradients field,
    or the surface metric, are sufficient for constructing the expression-invariant
    representation of any given face. It allows us to perform the 3D face recognition
    task while avoiding the surface reconstruction stage."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Bronstein, Alexander
  id: 58f3726e-7cba-11ef-ad8b-e6e8cb3904e6
  last_name: Bronstein
  orcid: 0000-0001-9699-8730
- first_name: Michael M.
  full_name: Bronstein, Michael M.
  last_name: Bronstein
- first_name: Ron
  full_name: Kimmel, Ron
  last_name: Kimmel
citation:
  ama: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. Three-dimensional face recognition. <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>. 2005;64(1):5-30. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y">10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y</a>
  apa: Bronstein, A. M., Bronstein, M. M., &#38; Kimmel, R. (2005). Three-dimensional
    face recognition. <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y</a>
  chicago: Bronstein, Alex M., Michael M. Bronstein, and Ron Kimmel. “Three-Dimensional
    Face Recognition.” <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>. Springer Nature,
    2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y</a>.
  ieee: A. M. Bronstein, M. M. Bronstein, and R. Kimmel, “Three-dimensional face recognition,”
    <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 64, no. 1. Springer Nature,
    pp. 5–30, 2005.
  ista: Bronstein AM, Bronstein MM, Kimmel R. 2005. Three-dimensional face recognition.
    International Journal of Computer Vision. 64(1), 5–30.
  mla: Bronstein, Alex M., et al. “Three-Dimensional Face Recognition.” <i>International
    Journal of Computer Vision</i>, vol. 64, no. 1, Springer Nature, 2005, pp. 5–30,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y">10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y</a>.
  short: A.M. Bronstein, M.M. Bronstein, R. Kimmel, International Journal of Computer
    Vision 64 (2005) 5–30.
date_created: 2024-10-15T11:20:54Z
date_published: 2005-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-21T09:08:17Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/s11263-005-1085-y
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        64'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
page: 5-30
publication: International Journal of Computer Vision
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1573-1405
  issn:
  - 0920-5691
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Three-dimensional face recognition
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 64
year: '2005'
...
