---
_id: '15182'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thermoelectric materials convert heat into electricity, with a broad range
    of applications near room temperature (RT). However, the library of RT high-performance
    materials is limited. Traditional high-temperature synthetic methods constrain
    the range of materials achievable, hindering the ability to surpass crystal structure
    limitations and engineer defects. Here, a solution-based synthetic approach is
    introduced, enabling RT synthesis of powders and exploration of densification
    at lower temperatures to influence the material's microstructure. The approach
    is exemplified by Ag2Se, an n-type alternative to bismuth telluride. It is demonstrated
    that the concentration of Ag interstitials, grain boundaries, and dislocations
    are directly correlated to the sintering temperature, and achieve a figure of
    merit of 1.1 from RT to 100 °C after optimization. Moreover, insights into and
    resolve Ag2Se's challenges are provided, including stoichiometry issues leading
    to irreproducible performances. This work highlights the potential of RT solution
    synthesis in expanding the repertoire of high-performance thermoelectric materials
    for practical applications.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: LifeSc
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of
  ISTA through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF), the Lab
  Support Facility (LSF), and the Nanofabrication Facility (NNF). This work was financially
  supported by ISTA and the Werner Siemens Foundation. The USTEM Service Unit of the
  Technical University of Vienna is acknowledged for EBSD sample preparation and analysis.
  R.L.B. acknowledges the National Science Foundation for funding the mass spectrometry
  analysis under award DMR 1904719. J.L. is a Serra Húnter Fellow and is grateful
  to the ICREA Academia program and projects MICINN/FEDER PID2021-124572OB-C31 and
  GC 2021 SGR 01061.
article_number: '2400408'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
  orcid: 0000-0003-1537-7436
- first_name: Francesco
  full_name: Milillo, Francesco
  id: 38b830db-ea88-11ee-bf9b-929beaf79054
  last_name: Milillo
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
  orcid: 0000-0003-4566-5877
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Sharona
  full_name: Horta, Sharona
  id: 03a7e858-01b1-11ec-8b71-99ae6c4a05bc
  last_name: Horta
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Balazs, Daniel
  id: 302BADF6-85FC-11EA-9E3B-B9493DDC885E
  last_name: Balazs
  orcid: 0000-0001-7597-043X
- first_name: Marissa J.
  full_name: Strumolo, Marissa J.
  last_name: Strumolo
- first_name: Roger
  full_name: Hasler, Roger
  last_name: Hasler
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Llorca, Jordi
  last_name: Llorca
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Tkadletz, Michael
  last_name: Tkadletz
- first_name: Richard L.
  full_name: Brutchey, Richard L.
  last_name: Brutchey
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Kleinhanns T, Milillo F, Calcabrini M, et al. A route to high thermoelectric
    performance: Solution‐based control of microstructure and composition in Ag2Se.
    <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>. 2024;14(22). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>'
  apa: 'Kleinhanns, T., Milillo, F., Calcabrini, M., Fiedler, C., Horta, S., Balazs,
    D., … Ibáñez, M. (2024). A route to high thermoelectric performance: Solution‐based
    control of microstructure and composition in Ag2Se. <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>'
  chicago: 'Kleinhanns, Tobias, Francesco Milillo, Mariano Calcabrini, Christine Fiedler,
    Sharona Horta, Daniel Balazs, Marissa J. Strumolo, et al. “A Route to High Thermoelectric
    Performance: Solution‐based Control of Microstructure and Composition in Ag2Se.”
    <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>. Wiley, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. Kleinhanns <i>et al.</i>, “A route to high thermoelectric performance:
    Solution‐based control of microstructure and composition in Ag2Se,” <i>Advanced
    Energy Materials</i>, vol. 14, no. 22. Wiley, 2024.'
  ista: 'Kleinhanns T, Milillo F, Calcabrini M, Fiedler C, Horta S, Balazs D, Strumolo
    MJ, Hasler R, Llorca J, Tkadletz M, Brutchey RL, Ibáñez M. 2024. A route to high
    thermoelectric performance: Solution‐based control of microstructure and composition
    in Ag2Se. Advanced Energy Materials. 14(22), 2400408.'
  mla: 'Kleinhanns, Tobias, et al. “A Route to High Thermoelectric Performance: Solution‐based
    Control of Microstructure and Composition in Ag2Se.” <i>Advanced Energy Materials</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 22, 2400408, Wiley, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408">10.1002/aenm.202400408</a>.'
  short: T. Kleinhanns, F. Milillo, M. Calcabrini, C. Fiedler, S. Horta, D. Balazs,
    M.J. Strumolo, R. Hasler, J. Llorca, M. Tkadletz, R.L. Brutchey, M. Ibáñez, Advanced
    Energy Materials 14 (2024).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2024-03-25T08:57:40Z
date_published: 2024-06-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-07-17T07:09:41Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: MaIb
- _id: LifeSc
doi: 10.1002/aenm.202400408
external_id:
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fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202400408
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
isi: 1
issue: '22'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Advanced Energy Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1614-6840
  issn:
  - 1614-6832
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
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    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A route to high thermoelectric performance: Solution‐based control of microstructure
  and composition in Ag2Se'
tmp:
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  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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type: journal_article
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volume: 14
year: '2024'
...