---
_id: '12515'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Introduction: The olfactory system in most mammals is divided into several
    subsystems based on the anatomical locations of the neuroreceptor cells involved
    and the receptor families that are expressed. In addition to the main olfactory
    system and the vomeronasal system, a range of olfactory subsystems converge onto
    the transition zone located between the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and the accessory
    olfactory bulb (AOB), which has been termed the olfactory limbus (OL). The OL
    contains specialized glomeruli that receive noncanonical sensory afferences and
    which interact with the MOB and AOB. Little is known regarding the olfactory subsystems
    of mammals other than laboratory rodents.\r\nMethods: We have focused on characterizing
    the OL in the red fox by performing general and specific histological stainings
    on serial sections, using both single and double immunohistochemical and lectin-histochemical
    labeling techniques.\r\nResults: As a result, we have been able to determine that
    the OL of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) displays an uncommonly high degree of development
    and complexity.\r\nDiscussion: This makes this species a novel mammalian model,
    the study of which could improve our understanding of the noncanonical pathways
    involved in the processing of chemosensory cues."
acknowledgement: This work was partially supported by a grant from “Consello Social
  Universidade de Santiago de Compostela” 2022-PU004.We would like to show special
  gratitude to Prof. Ludwig Wagner (Medical University, Vienna) for kindly providing
  us with the secretagogin antibody. We thank the Wildlife Recovery Centres of Galicia,
  Dirección Xeral de Patrimonio Natural (Xunta de Galicia, Spain), and Federación
  Galega de Caza for providing the red foxes used in this study.
article_number: '1097467'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Ortiz-Leal, Irene
  last_name: Ortiz-Leal
- first_name: Mateo V.
  full_name: Torres, Mateo V.
  last_name: Torres
- first_name: Victor M
  full_name: Vargas Barroso, Victor M
  id: 2F55A9DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vargas Barroso
- first_name: Luis Eusebio
  full_name: Fidalgo, Luis Eusebio
  last_name: Fidalgo
- first_name: Ana María
  full_name: López-Beceiro, Ana María
  last_name: López-Beceiro
- first_name: Jorge A.
  full_name: Larriva-Sahd, Jorge A.
  last_name: Larriva-Sahd
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: Sánchez-Quinteiro, Pablo
  last_name: Sánchez-Quinteiro
citation:
  ama: Ortiz-Leal I, Torres MV, Vargas Barroso VM, et al. The olfactory limbus of
    the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb
    pathway. <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>. 2023;16. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467">10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467</a>
  apa: Ortiz-Leal, I., Torres, M. V., Vargas Barroso, V. M., Fidalgo, L. E., López-Beceiro,
    A. M., Larriva-Sahd, J. A., &#38; Sánchez-Quinteiro, P. (2023). The olfactory
    limbus of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory
    bulb pathway. <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>. Frontiers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467</a>
  chicago: Ortiz-Leal, Irene, Mateo V. Torres, Victor M Vargas Barroso, Luis Eusebio
    Fidalgo, Ana María López-Beceiro, Jorge A. Larriva-Sahd, and Pablo Sánchez-Quinteiro.
    “The Olfactory Limbus of the Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes). New Insights Regarding a
    Noncanonical Olfactory Bulb Pathway.” <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>. Frontiers,
    2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467</a>.
  ieee: I. Ortiz-Leal <i>et al.</i>, “The olfactory limbus of the red fox (Vulpes
    vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway,” <i>Frontiers
    in Neuroanatomy</i>, vol. 16. Frontiers, 2023.
  ista: Ortiz-Leal I, Torres MV, Vargas Barroso VM, Fidalgo LE, López-Beceiro AM,
    Larriva-Sahd JA, Sánchez-Quinteiro P. 2023. The olfactory limbus of the red fox
    (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway.
    Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 16, 1097467.
  mla: Ortiz-Leal, Irene, et al. “The Olfactory Limbus of the Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes).
    New Insights Regarding a Noncanonical Olfactory Bulb Pathway.” <i>Frontiers in
    Neuroanatomy</i>, vol. 16, 1097467, Frontiers, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467">10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467</a>.
  short: I. Ortiz-Leal, M.V. Torres, V.M. Vargas Barroso, L.E. Fidalgo, A.M. López-Beceiro,
    J.A. Larriva-Sahd, P. Sánchez-Quinteiro, Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 16 (2023).
date_created: 2023-02-05T23:01:00Z
date_published: 2023-01-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-16T11:37:52Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: PeJo
doi: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000919786900001'
  pmid:
  - '36704406'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 49cd40f3bda6f267079427042e7d15e3
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-02-06T07:56:14Z
  date_updated: 2023-02-06T07:56:14Z
  file_id: '12518'
  file_name: 2022_FrontiersNeuroanatomy_OrtizLeal.pdf
  file_size: 21943473
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-02-06T07:56:14Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.1097467
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1662-5129
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The olfactory limbus of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). New insights regarding
  a noncanonical olfactory bulb pathway
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '10890'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Upon the arrival of action potentials at nerve terminals, neurotransmitters
    are released from synaptic vesicles (SVs) by exocytosis. CaV2.1, 2.2, and 2.3
    are the major subunits of the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) responsible
    for increasing intraterminal calcium levels and triggering SV exocytosis in the
    central nervous system (CNS) synapses. The two-dimensional analysis of CaV2 distributions
    using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL)
    has revealed their numbers, densities, and nanoscale clustering patterns in individual
    presynaptic active zones. The variation in these properties affects the coupling
    of VGCCs with calcium sensors on SVs, synaptic efficacy, and temporal precision
    of transmission. In this study, we summarize how the morphological parameters
    of CaV2 distribution obtained using SDS-FRL differ depending on the different
    types of synapses and could correspond to functional properties in synaptic transmission.
acknowledgement: "This work was supported by the European Research Council advanced
  grant No. 694539 and the joint German-Austrian DFG and FWF project SYNABS (FWF:
  I-4638-B) to RS.\r\nThe authors thank Walter Kaufmann for his critical comments
  on the manuscript."
article_number: '846615'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kohgaku
  full_name: Eguchi, Kohgaku
  id: 2B7846DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Eguchi
  orcid: 0000-0002-6170-2546
- first_name: Jacqueline-Claire
  full_name: Montanaro-Punzengruber, Jacqueline-Claire
  id: 3786AB44-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Montanaro-Punzengruber
- first_name: Elodie
  full_name: Le Monnier, Elodie
  id: 3B59276A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Le Monnier
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
citation:
  ama: Eguchi K, Montanaro-Punzengruber J-C, Le Monnier E, Shigemoto R. The number
    and distinct clustering patterns of voltage-gated Calcium channels in nerve terminals.
    <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>. 2022;16. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615">10.3389/fnana.2022.846615</a>
  apa: Eguchi, K., Montanaro-Punzengruber, J.-C., Le Monnier, E., &#38; Shigemoto,
    R. (2022). The number and distinct clustering patterns of voltage-gated Calcium
    channels in nerve terminals. <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>. Frontiers. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615</a>
  chicago: Eguchi, Kohgaku, Jacqueline-Claire Montanaro-Punzengruber, Elodie Le Monnier,
    and Ryuichi Shigemoto. “The Number and Distinct Clustering Patterns of Voltage-Gated
    Calcium Channels in Nerve Terminals.” <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>. Frontiers,
    2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615">https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615</a>.
  ieee: K. Eguchi, J.-C. Montanaro-Punzengruber, E. Le Monnier, and R. Shigemoto,
    “The number and distinct clustering patterns of voltage-gated Calcium channels
    in nerve terminals,” <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>, vol. 16. Frontiers, 2022.
  ista: Eguchi K, Montanaro-Punzengruber J-C, Le Monnier E, Shigemoto R. 2022. The
    number and distinct clustering patterns of voltage-gated Calcium channels in nerve
    terminals. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 16, 846615.
  mla: Eguchi, Kohgaku, et al. “The Number and Distinct Clustering Patterns of Voltage-Gated
    Calcium Channels in Nerve Terminals.” <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>, vol. 16,
    846615, Frontiers, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615">10.3389/fnana.2022.846615</a>.
  short: K. Eguchi, J.-C. Montanaro-Punzengruber, E. Le Monnier, R. Shigemoto, Frontiers
    in Neuroanatomy 16 (2022).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-03-20T23:01:39Z
date_published: 2022-02-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-16T08:18:54Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: RySh
doi: 10.3389/fnana.2022.846615
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000766662700001'
  pmid:
  - '35280978'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 51ec9b90e7da919e22c01a15489eaacd
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2022-03-21T09:41:19Z
  date_updated: 2022-03-21T09:41:19Z
  file_id: '10911'
  file_name: 2022_FrontiersNeuroanatomy_Eguchi.pdf
  file_size: 2416395
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-03-21T09:41:19Z
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.846615
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25CA28EA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '694539'
  name: 'In situ analysis of single channel subunit composition in neurons: physiological
    implication in synaptic plasticity and behaviour'
- _id: 05970B30-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
  grant_number: I04638
  name: LGI1 antibody-induced pathophysiology in synapses
publication: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1662-5129
publication_status: published
publisher: Frontiers
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The number and distinct clustering patterns of voltage-gated Calcium channels
  in nerve terminals
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 16
year: '2022'
...