[{"pmid":1,"department":[{"_id":"EdHa"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"20670","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"page":"116-124","researchdata_availability":"yes","day":"01","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","OA_place":"publisher","year":"2026","article_type":"original","date_created":"2025-11-23T23:01:40Z","author":[{"full_name":"Mayer, Simon","first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Mayer"},{"full_name":"Mitsioni, Marianna Fanouria","last_name":"Mitsioni","first_name":"Marianna Fanouria"},{"full_name":"Robin, Paul","id":"48c58128-57b0-11ee-9095-dc28fd97fc1d","orcid":"0000-0002-5728-9189","last_name":"Robin","first_name":"Paul"},{"last_name":"Van Den Heuvel","first_name":"Lukas","full_name":"Van Den Heuvel, Lukas"},{"full_name":"Ronceray, Nathan","first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Ronceray"},{"last_name":"Marcaida","first_name":"Maria Jose","full_name":"Marcaida, Maria Jose"},{"last_name":"Abriata","first_name":"Luciano A.","full_name":"Abriata, Luciano A."},{"full_name":"Krapp, Lucien F.","first_name":"Lucien F.","last_name":"Krapp"},{"full_name":"Anton, Jana S.","first_name":"Jana S.","last_name":"Anton"},{"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Soussou","full_name":"Soussou, Sarah"},{"first_name":"Justin","last_name":"Jeanneret-Grosjean","full_name":"Jeanneret-Grosjean, Justin"},{"full_name":"Fulciniti, Alessandro","last_name":"Fulciniti","first_name":"Alessandro"},{"last_name":"Möller","first_name":"Alexia","full_name":"Möller, Alexia"},{"full_name":"Vacle, Sarah","last_name":"Vacle","first_name":"Sarah"},{"first_name":"Lely","last_name":"Feletti","full_name":"Feletti, Lely"},{"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Brinkerhoff","full_name":"Brinkerhoff, Henry"},{"full_name":"Laszlo, Andrew H.","first_name":"Andrew H.","last_name":"Laszlo"},{"first_name":"Jens H.","last_name":"Gundlach","full_name":"Gundlach, Jens H."},{"full_name":"Emmerich, Theo","last_name":"Emmerich","first_name":"Theo"},{"last_name":"Dal Peraro","first_name":"Matteo","full_name":"Dal Peraro, Matteo"},{"first_name":"Aleksandra","last_name":"Radenovic","full_name":"Radenovic, Aleksandra"}],"ddc":["570"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2026-07-27T08:22:57Z","dataavailabilitystatement":"All data that support the findings of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary Information. Source data are available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17200775 (ref. 64). Cryo-EM data for aerolysin can be accessed through the EMDB with the code EMD-51664 for E254A–E258A and EMD-52853 for post-prepore and quasipore. All data processing codes, simulation and modelling codes are available at https://github.com/lukasvandenheuvel/Biomemristors.","intvolume":"        21","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2026-07-27T08:22:57Z","file_size":10091503,"access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2026_NatureNanotech_Mayer.pdf","creator":"dernst","checksum":"ff9a5eafe60af1d97da545453bd53eca","file_id":"22412","success":1,"date_created":"2026-07-27T08:22:57Z"}],"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"text":"β-Barrel nanopores are involved in crucial biological processes, from ATP export in mitochondria to bacterial resistance, and represent a promising platform for emerging sequencing technologies. However, in contrast to ion channels, the understanding of the fundamental principles governing ion transport through these nanopores remains largely unexplored. Here we integrate experimental, numerical and theoretical approaches to elucidate ion transport mechanisms in β-barrel nanopores. We identify and characterize two distinct nonlinear phenomena: open-pore rectification and gating. Through extensive mutation analysis of aerolysin nanopores, we demonstrate that open-pore rectification is caused by ionic accumulation driven by the distribution of lumen charges. In addition, we provide converging evidence suggesting that gating is controlled by electric fields dissociating counterions from lumen charges, promoting local structural deformations. Our findings establish a rigorous framework for characterizing and understanding ion transport processes in protein-based nanopores, enabling the design of adaptable nanofluidic biotechnologies. We illustrate this by optimizing an aerolysin mutant for computing applications.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Mayer, Simon, et al. “Lumen Charge Governs Gated Ion Transport in β-Barrel Nanopores.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 21, Springer Nature, 2026, pp. 116–24, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6\">10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>.","short":"S. Mayer, M.F. Mitsioni, P. Robin, L. Van Den Heuvel, N. Ronceray, M.J. Marcaida, L.A. Abriata, L.F. Krapp, J.S. Anton, S. Soussou, J. Jeanneret-Grosjean, A. Fulciniti, A. Möller, S. Vacle, L. Feletti, H. Brinkerhoff, A.H. Laszlo, J.H. Gundlach, T. Emmerich, M. Dal Peraro, A. Radenovic, Nature Nanotechnology 21 (2026) 116–124.","ista":"Mayer S, Mitsioni MF, Robin P, Van Den Heuvel L, Ronceray N, Marcaida MJ, Abriata LA, Krapp LF, Anton JS, Soussou S, Jeanneret-Grosjean J, Fulciniti A, Möller A, Vacle S, Feletti L, Brinkerhoff H, Laszlo AH, Gundlach JH, Emmerich T, Dal Peraro M, Radenovic A. 2026. Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores. Nature Nanotechnology. 21, 116–124.","apa":"Mayer, S., Mitsioni, M. F., Robin, P., Van Den Heuvel, L., Ronceray, N., Marcaida, M. J., … Radenovic, A. (2026). Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>","chicago":"Mayer, Simon, Marianna Fanouria Mitsioni, Paul Robin, Lukas Van Den Heuvel, Nathan Ronceray, Maria Jose Marcaida, Luciano A. Abriata, et al. “Lumen Charge Governs Gated Ion Transport in β-Barrel Nanopores.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>.","ama":"Mayer S, Mitsioni MF, Robin P, et al. Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2026;21:116-124. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6\">10.1038/s41565-025-02052-6</a>","ieee":"S. Mayer <i>et al.</i>, “Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 21. Springer Nature, pp. 116–124, 2026."},"scopus_import":"1","das_tickbox":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","supplementarymaterial":"yes","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://github.com/lukasvandenheuvel/Biomemristors","relation":"software"}]},"OA_type":"hybrid","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"type":"journal_article","volume":21,"isi":1,"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to M. Mayer and G. van der Goot for their insightful discussions and thoughtful feedback. We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (grants 101020445—2D-LIQUID N.R. and A.R., MSCA number 101034413 P.R.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 205321_192371 and 200021L_212128 to M.D.P., TMPFP2-217134 to T.E., and IZSEZ0_183779 to J.H.G. and A.R.) and the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) for access to the HPC resources used to run MD simulations. We thank the staff members of the Dubochet Center for Imaging in Lausanne, in particular E. Uchikawa and S. Nazarov, for their assistance with cryo-EM sample preparation and data collection. We thank A. Antanasijevic and Y. Duhoo from EPFL Protein Production and Structure Core Facility for their support in cryo-EM data processing.","date_published":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","title":"Lumen charge governs gated ion transport in β-barrel nanopores","PlanS_conform":"1","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2026-07-27T08:24:20Z","external_id":{"pmid":["41219410"],"isi":["001611698900001"]},"month":"01"},{"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","_id":"17480","department":[{"_id":"AnHi"}],"tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"has_accepted_license":"1","page":"1613-1618","day":"01","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","OA_place":"publisher","year":"2024","article_type":"original","date_created":"2024-09-01T22:01:09Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"author":[{"last_name":"Karimi","first_name":"Bayan","full_name":"Karimi, Bayan"},{"full_name":"Steffensen, Gorm Ole","first_name":"Gorm Ole","last_name":"Steffensen"},{"last_name":"Higginbotham","first_name":"Andrew P","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-2363","id":"4AD6785A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Higginbotham, Andrew P"},{"last_name":"Marcus","first_name":"Charles M.","full_name":"Marcus, Charles M."},{"first_name":"Alfredo","last_name":"Levy Yeyati","full_name":"Levy Yeyati, Alfredo"},{"first_name":"Jukka P.","last_name":"Pekola","full_name":"Pekola, Jukka P."}],"file_date_updated":"2025-01-09T13:51:12Z","intvolume":"        19","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7","project":[{"_id":"eb9b30ac-77a9-11ec-83b8-871f581d53d2","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"file":[{"file_size":3047567,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2025-01-09T13:51:12Z","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-01-09T13:51:12Z","success":1,"file_id":"18818","creator":"dernst","checksum":"8b067ef217ddef63c539ecdfe705ab95","file_name":"2024_NatureNanotechnology_Karimi.pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"text":"One of the most promising approaches towards large-scale quantum computation uses devices based on many Josephson junctions. Yet, even today, open questions regarding the single junction remain unsolved, such as the detailed understanding of the quantum phase transitions, the coupling of the Josephson junction to the environment or how to improve the coherence of a superconducting qubit. Here we design and build an engineered on-chip reservoir connected to a Josephson junction that acts as an efficient bolometer for detecting the Josephson radiation under non-equilibrium, that is, biased conditions. The bolometer converts the a.c. Josephson current at microwave frequencies up to about 100 GHz into a temperature rise measured by d.c. thermometry. A circuit model based on realistic parameter values captures both the current–voltage characteristics and the measured power quantitatively. The present experiment demonstrates an efficient, wide-band, thermal detection scheme of microwave photons and provides a sensitive detector of Josephson dynamics beyond the standard conductance measurements.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ieee":"B. Karimi, G. O. Steffensen, A. P. Higginbotham, C. M. Marcus, A. Levy Yeyati, and J. P. Pekola, “Bolometric detection of Josephson radiation,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 19. Springer Nature, pp. 1613–1618, 2024.","ama":"Karimi B, Steffensen GO, Higginbotham AP, Marcus CM, Levy Yeyati A, Pekola JP. Bolometric detection of Josephson radiation. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2024;19:1613-1618. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7\">10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7</a>","apa":"Karimi, B., Steffensen, G. O., Higginbotham, A. P., Marcus, C. M., Levy Yeyati, A., &#38; Pekola, J. P. (2024). Bolometric detection of Josephson radiation. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7</a>","chicago":"Karimi, Bayan, Gorm Ole Steffensen, Andrew P Higginbotham, Charles M. Marcus, Alfredo Levy Yeyati, and Jukka P. Pekola. “Bolometric Detection of Josephson Radiation.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7</a>.","mla":"Karimi, Bayan, et al. “Bolometric Detection of Josephson Radiation.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2024, pp. 1613–18, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7\">10.1038/s41565-024-01770-7</a>.","ista":"Karimi B, Steffensen GO, Higginbotham AP, Marcus CM, Levy Yeyati A, Pekola JP. 2024. Bolometric detection of Josephson radiation. Nature Nanotechnology. 19, 1613–1618.","short":"B. Karimi, G.O. Steffensen, A.P. Higginbotham, C.M. Marcus, A. Levy Yeyati, J.P. Pekola, Nature Nanotechnology 19 (2024) 1613–1618."},"oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Springer Nature","OA_type":"hybrid","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"volume":19,"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1,"date_published":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank M. Möttönen, D. Subero, V. Vadimov, A. Alizadeh, C. Strunk, N. Roch, S. Kafanov, S. Kubatkin, A. Kerman and J. Peltonen for scientific discussions and Z.-Y. Chen for technical assistance. B.K. and J.P.P. acknowledge funding from the Research Council of Finland Centre of Excellence programme grant 336810 and grant 349601 (THEPOW), G.O.S. and A.L.Y. financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science through grant TED2021-130292B-C43 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’ and the EU through FET-Open project AndQC, A.P.H. support from the NOMIS Foundation, and C.M.M. support from the Danish National Research Foundation and a research grant (Project 43951) from VILLUM FONDEN. We thank the facilities and technical support of Otaniemi Research Infrastructure for Micro and Nanotechnologies (OtaNano). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the paper.","isi":1,"title":"Bolometric detection of Josephson radiation","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2026-06-03T07:16:01Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["2402.09314"],"isi":["001296522000002"]},"month":"11"},{"volume":17,"title":"Polarization-sensitive optoionic membranes from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles","date_published":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"pmid":["35288671"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2024-10-14T12:10:13Z","month":"03","keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science","Biomedical Engineering","Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Bioengineering"],"abstract":[{"text":"Optoelectronic effects differentiating absorption of right and left circularly polarized photons in thin films of chiral materials are typically prohibitively small for their direct photocurrent observation. Chiral metasurfaces increase the electronic sensitivity to circular polarization, but their out-of-plane architecture entails manufacturing and performance trade-offs. Here, we show that nanoporous thin films of chiral nanoparticles enable high sensitivity to circular polarization due to light-induced polarization-dependent ion accumulation at nanoparticle interfaces. Self-assembled multilayers of gold nanoparticles modified with L-phenylalanine generate a photocurrent under right-handed circularly polarized light as high as 2.41 times higher than under left-handed circularly polarized light. The strong plasmonic coupling between the multiple nanoparticles producing planar chiroplasmonic modes facilitates the ejection of electrons, whose entrapment at the membrane–electrolyte interface is promoted by a thick layer of enantiopure phenylalanine. Demonstrated detection of light ellipticity with equal sensitivity at all incident angles mimics phenomenological aspects of polarization vision in marine animals. The simplicity of self-assembly and sensitivity of polarization detection found in optoionic membranes opens the door to a family of miniaturized fluidic devices for chiral photonics.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Cai, Jiarong, et al. “Polarization-Sensitive Optoionic Membranes from Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 17, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 408–16, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3\">10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3</a>.","ista":"Cai J, Zhang W, Xu L, Hao C, Ma W, Sun M, Wu X, Qin X, Colombari FM, de Moura AF, Xu J, Silva MC, Carneiro-Neto EB, Gomes WR, Vallée RAL, Pereira EC, Liu X, Xu C, Klajn R, Kotov NA, Kuang H. 2022. Polarization-sensitive optoionic membranes from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles. Nature Nanotechnology. 17(4), 408–416.","short":"J. Cai, W. Zhang, L. Xu, C. Hao, W. Ma, M. Sun, X. Wu, X. Qin, F.M. Colombari, A.F. de Moura, J. Xu, M.C. Silva, E.B. Carneiro-Neto, W.R. Gomes, R.A.L. Vallée, E.C. Pereira, X. Liu, C. Xu, R. Klajn, N.A. Kotov, H. Kuang, Nature Nanotechnology 17 (2022) 408–416.","apa":"Cai, J., Zhang, W., Xu, L., Hao, C., Ma, W., Sun, M., … Kuang, H. (2022). Polarization-sensitive optoionic membranes from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3</a>","chicago":"Cai, Jiarong, Wei Zhang, Liguang Xu, Changlong Hao, Wei Ma, Maozhong Sun, Xiaoling Wu, et al. “Polarization-Sensitive Optoionic Membranes from Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3</a>.","ama":"Cai J, Zhang W, Xu L, et al. Polarization-sensitive optoionic membranes from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2022;17(4):408-416. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3\">10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3</a>","ieee":"J. Cai <i>et al.</i>, “Polarization-sensitive optoionic membranes from chiral plasmonic nanoparticles,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 17, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 408–416, 2022."},"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Springer Nature","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://hal.science/hal-03623036/"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-3387"],"eissn":["1748-3395"]},"status":"public","year":"2022","date_created":"2023-08-01T09:32:40Z","article_type":"original","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Jiarong","last_name":"Cai","full_name":"Cai, Jiarong"},{"first_name":"Wei","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Wei"},{"full_name":"Xu, Liguang","first_name":"Liguang","last_name":"Xu"},{"first_name":"Changlong","last_name":"Hao","full_name":"Hao, Changlong"},{"first_name":"Wei","last_name":"Ma","full_name":"Ma, Wei"},{"first_name":"Maozhong","last_name":"Sun","full_name":"Sun, Maozhong"},{"last_name":"Wu","first_name":"Xiaoling","full_name":"Wu, Xiaoling"},{"first_name":"Xian","last_name":"Qin","full_name":"Qin, Xian"},{"full_name":"Colombari, Felippe Mariano","last_name":"Colombari","first_name":"Felippe Mariano"},{"first_name":"André Farias","last_name":"de Moura","full_name":"de Moura, André Farias"},{"first_name":"Jiahui","last_name":"Xu","full_name":"Xu, Jiahui"},{"full_name":"Silva, Mariana Cristina","last_name":"Silva","first_name":"Mariana Cristina"},{"first_name":"Evaldo Batista","last_name":"Carneiro-Neto","full_name":"Carneiro-Neto, Evaldo Batista"},{"full_name":"Gomes, Weverson Rodrigues","last_name":"Gomes","first_name":"Weverson Rodrigues"},{"first_name":"Renaud A. L.","last_name":"Vallée","full_name":"Vallée, Renaud A. L."},{"full_name":"Pereira, Ernesto Chaves","first_name":"Ernesto Chaves","last_name":"Pereira"},{"first_name":"Xiaogang","last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Xiaogang"},{"full_name":"Xu, Chuanlai","last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Chuanlai"},{"last_name":"Klajn","first_name":"Rafal","full_name":"Klajn, Rafal","id":"8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b"},{"full_name":"Kotov, Nicholas A.","first_name":"Nicholas A.","last_name":"Kotov"},{"full_name":"Kuang, Hua","last_name":"Kuang","first_name":"Hua"}],"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"extern":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41565-022-01079-3","intvolume":"        17","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"13352","issue":"4","pmid":1,"page":"408-416","day":"14","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology"},{"page":"313-317","issue":"3","_id":"17900","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","pmid":1,"publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","day":"01","date_created":"2024-09-09T06:43:51Z","year":"2021","doi":"10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","intvolume":"        16","author":[{"last_name":"Greenwald","first_name":"Julia E.","full_name":"Greenwald, Julia E."},{"full_name":"Cameron, Joseph","last_name":"Cameron","first_name":"Joseph"},{"full_name":"Findlay, Neil J.","first_name":"Neil J.","last_name":"Findlay"},{"first_name":"Tianren","last_name":"Fu","full_name":"Fu, Tianren"},{"full_name":"Gunasekaran, Suman","first_name":"Suman","last_name":"Gunasekaran"},{"last_name":"Skabara","first_name":"Peter J.","full_name":"Skabara, Peter J."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","oa_version":"None","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To rival the performance of modern integrated circuits, single-molecule devices must be designed to exhibit extremely nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics1,2,3,4. A common approach is to design molecular backbones where destructive quantum interference (QI) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) produces a nonlinear energy-dependent tunnelling probability near the electrode Fermi energy (EF)5,6,7,8. However, tuning such systems is not straightforward, as aligning the frontier orbitals to EF is hard to control9. Here, we instead create a molecular system where constructive QI between the HOMO and LUMO is suppressed and destructive QI between the HOMO and strongly coupled occupied orbitals of opposite phase is enhanced. We use a series of fluorene oligomers containing a central benzothiadiazole10 unit to demonstrate that this strategy can be used to create highly nonlinear single-molecule circuits. Notably, we are able to reproducibly modulate the conductance of a 6-nm molecule by a factor of more than 10^4."}],"citation":{"ieee":"J. E. Greenwald <i>et al.</i>, “Highly nonlinear transport across single-molecule junctions via destructive quantum interference,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 16, no. 3. Springer Nature, pp. 313–317, 2021.","ama":"Greenwald JE, Cameron J, Findlay NJ, et al. Highly nonlinear transport across single-molecule junctions via destructive quantum interference. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2021;16(3):313-317. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x\">10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x</a>","apa":"Greenwald, J. E., Cameron, J., Findlay, N. J., Fu, T., Gunasekaran, S., Skabara, P. J., &#38; Venkataraman, L. (2021). Highly nonlinear transport across single-molecule junctions via destructive quantum interference. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x</a>","chicago":"Greenwald, Julia E., Joseph Cameron, Neil J. Findlay, Tianren Fu, Suman Gunasekaran, Peter J. Skabara, and Latha Venkataraman. “Highly Nonlinear Transport across Single-Molecule Junctions via Destructive Quantum Interference.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x</a>.","mla":"Greenwald, Julia E., et al. “Highly Nonlinear Transport across Single-Molecule Junctions via Destructive Quantum Interference.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 16, no. 3, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 313–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x\">10.1038/s41565-020-00807-x</a>.","ista":"Greenwald JE, Cameron J, Findlay NJ, Fu T, Gunasekaran S, Skabara PJ, Venkataraman L. 2021. Highly nonlinear transport across single-molecule junctions via destructive quantum interference. Nature Nanotechnology. 16(3), 313–317.","short":"J.E. Greenwald, J. Cameron, N.J. Findlay, T. Fu, S. Gunasekaran, P.J. Skabara, L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 16 (2021) 313–317."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-3387"],"eissn":["1748-3395"]},"type":"journal_article","status":"public","OA_type":"closed access","title":"Highly nonlinear transport across single-molecule junctions via destructive quantum interference","date_published":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":16,"month":"03","external_id":{"pmid":["33288949"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2024-12-10T10:20:32Z"},{"day":"17","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","_id":"13367","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","pmid":1,"page":"256-271","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Grommet, Angela B.","last_name":"Grommet","first_name":"Angela B."},{"last_name":"Feller","first_name":"Moran","full_name":"Feller, Moran"},{"first_name":"Rafal","last_name":"Klajn","full_name":"Klajn, Rafal","id":"8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b"}],"publication_status":"published","extern":"1","doi":"10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2","intvolume":"        15","year":"2020","date_created":"2023-08-01T09:37:39Z","article_type":"original","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"status":"public","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"mla":"Grommet, Angela B., et al. “Chemical Reactivity under Nanoconfinement.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 15, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 256–71, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2\">10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2</a>.","ista":"Grommet AB, Feller M, Klajn R. 2020. Chemical reactivity under nanoconfinement. Nature Nanotechnology. 15, 256–271.","short":"A.B. Grommet, M. Feller, R. Klajn, Nature Nanotechnology 15 (2020) 256–271.","apa":"Grommet, A. B., Feller, M., &#38; Klajn, R. (2020). Chemical reactivity under nanoconfinement. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2</a>","chicago":"Grommet, Angela B., Moran Feller, and Rafal Klajn. “Chemical Reactivity under Nanoconfinement.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2</a>.","ama":"Grommet AB, Feller M, Klajn R. Chemical reactivity under nanoconfinement. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2020;15:256-271. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2\">10.1038/s41565-020-0652-2</a>","ieee":"A. B. Grommet, M. Feller, and R. Klajn, “Chemical reactivity under nanoconfinement,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, pp. 256–271, 2020."},"abstract":[{"text":"Confining molecules can fundamentally change their chemical and physical properties. Confinement effects are considered instrumental at various stages of the origins of life, and life continues to rely on layers of compartmentalization to maintain an out-of-equilibrium state and efficiently synthesize complex biomolecules under mild conditions. As interest in synthetic confined systems grows, we are realizing that the principles governing reactivity under confinement are the same in abiological systems as they are in nature. In this Review, we categorize the ways in which nanoconfinement effects impact chemical reactivity in synthetic systems. Under nanoconfinement, chemical properties can be modulated to increase reaction rates, enhance selectivity and stabilize reactive species. Confinement effects also lead to changes in physical properties. The fluorescence of light emitters, the colours of dyes and electronic communication between electroactive species can all be tuned under confinement. Within each of these categories, we elucidate design principles and strategies that are widely applicable across a range of confined systems, specifically highlighting examples of different nanocompartments that influence reactivity in similar ways.","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science","Biomedical Engineering","Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Bioengineering"],"oa_version":"None","publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"pmid":["32303705"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2024-10-14T12:13:35Z","month":"04","volume":15,"title":"Chemical reactivity under nanoconfinement","date_published":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No"},{"volume":14,"title":"Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal","isi":1,"date_published":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"isi":["000463195700014"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2023-08-24T14:48:08Z","month":"04","oa_version":"Submitted Version","abstract":[{"text":"Recent technical developments in the fields of quantum electromechanics and optomechanics have spawned nanoscale mechanical transducers with the sensitivity to measure mechanical displacements at the femtometre scale and the ability to convert electromagnetic signals at the single photon level. A key challenge in this field is obtaining strong coupling between motion and electromagnetic fields without adding additional decoherence. Here we present an electromechanical transducer that integrates a high-frequency (0.42 GHz) hypersonic phononic crystal with a superconducting microwave circuit. The use of a phononic bandgap crystal enables quantum-level transduction of hypersonic mechanical motion and concurrently eliminates decoherence caused by acoustic radiation. Devices with hypersonic mechanical frequencies provide a natural pathway for integration with Josephson junction quantum circuits, a leading quantum computing technology, and nanophotonic systems capable of optical networking and distributing quantum information.","lang":"eng"}],"citation":{"ieee":"M. Kalaee, M. Mirhosseini, P. B. Dieterle, M. Peruzzo, J. M. Fink, and O. Painter, “Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 14, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 334–339, 2019.","ama":"Kalaee M, Mirhosseini M, Dieterle PB, Peruzzo M, Fink JM, Painter O. Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2019;14(4):334–339. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2\">10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2</a>","chicago":"Kalaee, Mahmoud, Mohammad Mirhosseini, Paul B. Dieterle, Matilda Peruzzo, Johannes M Fink, and Oskar Painter. “Quantum Electromechanics of a Hypersonic Crystal.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2</a>.","apa":"Kalaee, M., Mirhosseini, M., Dieterle, P. B., Peruzzo, M., Fink, J. M., &#38; Painter, O. (2019). Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2</a>","ista":"Kalaee M, Mirhosseini M, Dieterle PB, Peruzzo M, Fink JM, Painter O. 2019. Quantum electromechanics of a hypersonic crystal. Nature Nanotechnology. 14(4), 334–339.","short":"M. Kalaee, M. Mirhosseini, P.B. Dieterle, M. Peruzzo, J.M. Fink, O. Painter, Nature Nanotechnology 14 (2019) 334–339.","mla":"Kalaee, Mahmoud, et al. “Quantum Electromechanics of a Hypersonic Crystal.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 14, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 334–339, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2\">10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2</a>."},"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/92123/","open_access":"1"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"type":"journal_article","status":"public","year":"2019","date_created":"2019-02-24T22:59:21Z","article_type":"original","author":[{"last_name":"Kalaee","first_name":"Mahmoud","full_name":"Kalaee, Mahmoud"},{"full_name":"Mirhosseini, Mohammad","first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Mirhosseini"},{"first_name":"Paul B.","last_name":"Dieterle","full_name":"Dieterle, Paul B."},{"first_name":"Matilda","last_name":"Peruzzo","orcid":"0000-0002-3415-4628","id":"3F920B30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Peruzzo, Matilda"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X"},{"last_name":"Painter","first_name":"Oskar","full_name":"Painter, Oskar"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41565-019-0377-2","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"intvolume":"        14","issue":"4","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","_id":"6053","page":"334–339","day":"01","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology"},{"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-3387"],"eissn":["1748-3395"]},"status":"public","OA_type":"closed access","publisher":"Springer Nature","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Fabricating nanoscopic devices capable of manipulating and processing single units of charge is an essential step towards creating functional devices where quantum effects dominate transport characteristics. The archetypal single-electron transistor comprises a small conducting or semiconducting island separated from two metallic reservoirs by insulating barriers1,2,3,4,5. By enabling the transfer of a well-defined number of charge carriers between the island and the reservoirs, such a device may enable discrete single-electron operations6,7,8,9. Here, we describe a single-molecule junction comprising a redox-active, atomically precise cobalt chalcogenide cluster wired between two nanoscopic electrodes10,11. We observe current blockade at room temperature in thousands of single-cluster junctions. Below a threshold voltage, charge transfer across the junction is suppressed. The device is turned on when the temporary occupation of the core states by a transiting carrier is energetically enabled, resulting in a sequential tunnelling process and an increase in current by a factor of ∼600. We perform in situ and ex situ cyclic voltammetry as well as density functional theory calculations to unveil a two-step process mediated by an orbital localized on the core of the cluster in which charge carriers reside before tunnelling to the collector reservoir. As the bias window of the junction is opened wide enough to include one of the cluster frontier orbitals, the current blockade is lifted and charge carriers can tunnel sequentially across the junction."}],"citation":{"ieee":"G. Lovat, B. Choi, D. W. Paley, M. L. Steigerwald, L. Venkataraman, and X. Roy, “Room-temperature current blockade in atomically defined single-cluster junctions,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 12. Springer Nature, pp. 1050–1054, 2017.","ama":"Lovat G, Choi B, Paley DW, Steigerwald ML, Venkataraman L, Roy X. Room-temperature current blockade in atomically defined single-cluster junctions. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2017;12:1050-1054. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.156\">10.1038/nnano.2017.156</a>","chicago":"Lovat, Giacomo, Bonnie Choi, Daniel W. Paley, Michael L. Steigerwald, Latha Venkataraman, and Xavier Roy. “Room-Temperature Current Blockade in Atomically Defined Single-Cluster Junctions.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.156\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.156</a>.","apa":"Lovat, G., Choi, B., Paley, D. W., Steigerwald, M. L., Venkataraman, L., &#38; Roy, X. (2017). Room-temperature current blockade in atomically defined single-cluster junctions. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.156\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.156</a>","short":"G. Lovat, B. Choi, D.W. Paley, M.L. Steigerwald, L. Venkataraman, X. Roy, Nature Nanotechnology 12 (2017) 1050–1054.","ista":"Lovat G, Choi B, Paley DW, Steigerwald ML, Venkataraman L, Roy X. 2017. Room-temperature current blockade in atomically defined single-cluster junctions. Nature Nanotechnology. 12, 1050–1054.","mla":"Lovat, Giacomo, et al. “Room-Temperature Current Blockade in Atomically Defined Single-Cluster Junctions.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 12, Springer Nature, 2017, pp. 1050–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.156\">10.1038/nnano.2017.156</a>."},"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","month":"11","external_id":{"pmid":["28805817"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2024-12-17T10:09:35Z","title":"Room-temperature current blockade in atomically defined single-cluster junctions","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","volume":12,"publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","day":"01","page":"1050-1054","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"17937","pmid":1,"extern":"1","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2017.156","intvolume":"        12","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Giacomo","last_name":"Lovat","full_name":"Lovat, Giacomo"},{"full_name":"Choi, Bonnie","last_name":"Choi","first_name":"Bonnie"},{"first_name":"Daniel W.","last_name":"Paley","full_name":"Paley, Daniel W."},{"full_name":"Steigerwald, Michael L.","first_name":"Michael L.","last_name":"Steigerwald"},{"id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","first_name":"Latha","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089"},{"first_name":"Xavier","last_name":"Roy","full_name":"Roy, Xavier"}],"date_created":"2024-09-09T08:46:15Z","article_type":"original","year":"2017"},{"day":"23","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","pmid":1,"_id":"13392","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","page":"82-88","author":[{"full_name":"Zhao, Hui","last_name":"Zhao","first_name":"Hui"},{"last_name":"Sen","first_name":"Soumyo","full_name":"Sen, Soumyo"},{"full_name":"Udayabhaskararao, T.","last_name":"Udayabhaskararao","first_name":"T."},{"last_name":"Sawczyk","first_name":"Michał","full_name":"Sawczyk, Michał"},{"full_name":"Kučanda, Kristina","first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Kučanda"},{"first_name":"Debasish","last_name":"Manna","full_name":"Manna, Debasish"},{"last_name":"Kundu","first_name":"Pintu K.","full_name":"Kundu, Pintu K."},{"full_name":"Lee, Ji-Woong","last_name":"Lee","first_name":"Ji-Woong"},{"full_name":"Král, Petr","first_name":"Petr","last_name":"Král"},{"full_name":"Klajn, Rafal","id":"8e84690e-1e48-11ed-a02b-a1e6fb8bb53b","first_name":"Rafal","last_name":"Klajn"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        11","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2015.256","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2015","article_type":"original","date_created":"2023-08-01T09:44:04Z","status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"type":"journal_article","oa_version":"None","keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science","Biomedical Engineering","Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Bioengineering"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The chemical behaviour of molecules can be significantly modified by confinement to volumes comparable to the dimensions of the molecules. Although such confined spaces can be found in various nanostructured materials, such as zeolites, nanoporous organic frameworks and colloidal nanocrystal assemblies, the slow diffusion of molecules in and out of these materials has greatly hampered studying the effect of confinement on their physicochemical properties. Here, we show that this diffusion limitation can be overcome by reversibly creating and destroying confined environments by means of ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. We use colloidal nanocrystals functionalized with light-responsive ligands that readily self-assemble and trap various molecules from the surrounding bulk solution. Once trapped, these molecules can undergo chemical reactions with increased rates and with stereoselectivities significantly different from those in bulk solution. Illumination with visible light disassembles these nanoflasks, releasing the product in solution and thereby establishes a catalytic cycle. These dynamic nanoflasks can be useful for studying chemical reactivities in confined environments and for synthesizing molecules that are otherwise hard to achieve in bulk solution."}],"citation":{"chicago":"Zhao, Hui, Soumyo Sen, T. Udayabhaskararao, Michał Sawczyk, Kristina Kučanda, Debasish Manna, Pintu K. Kundu, Ji-Woong Lee, Petr Král, and Rafal Klajn. “Reversible Trapping and Reaction Acceleration within Dynamically Self-Assembling Nanoflasks.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.256\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.256</a>.","apa":"Zhao, H., Sen, S., Udayabhaskararao, T., Sawczyk, M., Kučanda, K., Manna, D., … Klajn, R. (2015). Reversible trapping and reaction acceleration within dynamically self-assembling nanoflasks. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.256\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.256</a>","short":"H. Zhao, S. Sen, T. Udayabhaskararao, M. Sawczyk, K. Kučanda, D. Manna, P.K. Kundu, J.-W. Lee, P. Král, R. Klajn, Nature Nanotechnology 11 (2015) 82–88.","ista":"Zhao H, Sen S, Udayabhaskararao T, Sawczyk M, Kučanda K, Manna D, Kundu PK, Lee J-W, Král P, Klajn R. 2015. Reversible trapping and reaction acceleration within dynamically self-assembling nanoflasks. Nature Nanotechnology. 11, 82–88.","mla":"Zhao, Hui, et al. “Reversible Trapping and Reaction Acceleration within Dynamically Self-Assembling Nanoflasks.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 11, Springer Nature, 2015, pp. 82–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.256\">10.1038/nnano.2015.256</a>.","ieee":"H. Zhao <i>et al.</i>, “Reversible trapping and reaction acceleration within dynamically self-assembling nanoflasks,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature, pp. 82–88, 2015.","ama":"Zhao H, Sen S, Udayabhaskararao T, et al. Reversible trapping and reaction acceleration within dynamically self-assembling nanoflasks. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2015;11:82-88. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.256\">10.1038/nnano.2015.256</a>"},"scopus_import":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_updated":"2024-10-14T12:17:26Z","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["26595335"]},"month":"11","volume":11,"date_published":"2015-11-23T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Reversible trapping and reaction acceleration within dynamically self-assembling nanoflasks"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","title":"Single-molecule diodes with high rectification ratios through environmental control","volume":10,"month":"06","date_updated":"2024-12-18T12:03:16Z","quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["26005998"]},"publisher":"Springer Nature","scopus_import":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Molecular electronics aims to miniaturize electronic devices by using subnanometre-scale active components1,2,3. A single-molecule diode, a circuit element that directs current flow4, was first proposed more than 40 years ago5 and consisted of an asymmetric molecule comprising a donor–bridge–acceptor architecture to mimic a semiconductor p–n junction. Several single-molecule diodes have since been realized in junctions featuring asymmetric molecular backbones6,7,8, molecule–electrode linkers9 or electrode materials10. Despite these advances, molecular diodes have had limited potential for applications due to their low conductance, low rectification ratios, extreme sensitivity to the junction structure and high operating voltages7,8,9,11,12. Here, we demonstrate a powerful approach to induce current rectification in symmetric single-molecule junctions using two electrodes of the same metal, but breaking symmetry by exposing considerably different electrode areas to an ionic solution. This allows us to control the junction's electrostatic environment in an asymmetric fashion by simply changing the bias polarity. With this method, we reliably and reproducibly achieve rectification ratios in excess of 200 at voltages as low as 370 mV using a symmetric oligomer of thiophene-1,1-dioxide13,14. By taking advantage of the changes in the junction environment induced by the presence of an ionic solution, this method provides a general route for tuning nonlinear nanoscale device phenomena, which could potentially be applied in systems beyond single-molecule junctions."}],"citation":{"ieee":"B. Capozzi <i>et al.</i>, “Single-molecule diodes with high rectification ratios through environmental control,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 10, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 522–527, 2015.","ama":"Capozzi B, Xia J, Adak O, et al. Single-molecule diodes with high rectification ratios through environmental control. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2015;10(6):522-527. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.97\">10.1038/nnano.2015.97</a>","apa":"Capozzi, B., Xia, J., Adak, O., Dell, E. J., Liu, Z.-F., Taylor, J. C., … Venkataraman, L. (2015). Single-molecule diodes with high rectification ratios through environmental control. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.97\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.97</a>","chicago":"Capozzi, Brian, Jianlong Xia, Olgun Adak, Emma J. Dell, Zhen-Fei Liu, Jeffrey C. Taylor, Jeffrey B. Neaton, Luis M. Campos, and Latha Venkataraman. “Single-Molecule Diodes with High Rectification Ratios through Environmental Control.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2015. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.97\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.97</a>.","mla":"Capozzi, Brian, et al. “Single-Molecule Diodes with High Rectification Ratios through Environmental Control.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 10, no. 6, Springer Nature, 2015, pp. 522–27, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.97\">10.1038/nnano.2015.97</a>.","short":"B. Capozzi, J. Xia, O. Adak, E.J. Dell, Z.-F. Liu, J.C. Taylor, J.B. Neaton, L.M. Campos, L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 10 (2015) 522–527.","ista":"Capozzi B, Xia J, Adak O, Dell EJ, Liu Z-F, Taylor JC, Neaton JB, Campos LM, Venkataraman L. 2015. Single-molecule diodes with high rectification ratios through environmental control. Nature Nanotechnology. 10(6), 522–527."},"oa_version":"None","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"OA_type":"closed access","article_type":"letter_note","date_created":"2024-09-09T10:03:23Z","year":"2015","intvolume":"        10","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2015.97","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"full_name":"Capozzi, Brian","first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Capozzi"},{"last_name":"Xia","first_name":"Jianlong","full_name":"Xia, Jianlong"},{"first_name":"Olgun","last_name":"Adak","full_name":"Adak, Olgun"},{"last_name":"Dell","first_name":"Emma J.","full_name":"Dell, Emma J."},{"last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Zhen-Fei","full_name":"Liu, Zhen-Fei"},{"first_name":"Jeffrey C.","last_name":"Taylor","full_name":"Taylor, Jeffrey C."},{"full_name":"Neaton, Jeffrey B.","last_name":"Neaton","first_name":"Jeffrey B."},{"first_name":"Luis M.","last_name":"Campos","full_name":"Campos, Luis M."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","last_name":"Venkataraman","first_name":"Latha","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf"}],"page":"522-527","pmid":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"17972","issue":"6","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","day":"01"},{"issue":"6","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"17999","pmid":1,"page":"399-410","day":"01","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","year":"2013","date_created":"2024-09-09T11:35:13Z","article_type":"original","author":[{"first_name":"Sriharsha V.","last_name":"Aradhya","full_name":"Aradhya, Sriharsha V."},{"first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/nnano.2013.91","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","intvolume":"         8","oa_version":"None","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"mla":"Aradhya, Sriharsha V., and Latha Venkataraman. “Single-Molecule Junctions beyond Electronic Transport.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 8, no. 6, Springer Nature, 2013, pp. 399–410, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.91\">10.1038/nnano.2013.91</a>.","short":"S.V. Aradhya, L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 8 (2013) 399–410.","ista":"Aradhya SV, Venkataraman L. 2013. Single-molecule junctions beyond electronic transport. Nature Nanotechnology. 8(6), 399–410.","apa":"Aradhya, S. V., &#38; Venkataraman, L. (2013). Single-molecule junctions beyond electronic transport. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.91\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.91</a>","chicago":"Aradhya, Sriharsha V., and Latha Venkataraman. “Single-Molecule Junctions beyond Electronic Transport.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2013. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.91\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.91</a>.","ama":"Aradhya SV, Venkataraman L. Single-molecule junctions beyond electronic transport. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2013;8(6):399-410. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.91\">10.1038/nnano.2013.91</a>","ieee":"S. V. Aradhya and L. Venkataraman, “Single-molecule junctions beyond electronic transport,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 8, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 399–410, 2013."},"abstract":[{"text":"The idea of using individual molecules as active electronic components provided the impetus to develop a variety of experimental platforms to probe their electronic transport properties. Among these, single-molecule junctions in a metal–molecule–metal motif have contributed significantly to our fundamental understanding of the principles required to realize molecular-scale electronic components from resistive wires to reversible switches. The success of these techniques and the growing interest of other disciplines in single-molecule-level characterization are prompting new approaches to investigate metal–molecule–metal junctions with multiple probes. Going beyond electronic transport characterization, these new studies are highlighting both the fundamental and applied aspects of mechanical, optical and thermoelectric properties at the atomic and molecular scales. Furthermore, experimental demonstrations of quantum interference and manipulation of electronic and nuclear spins in single-molecule circuits are heralding new device concepts with no classical analogues. In this Review, we present the emerging methods being used to interrogate multiple properties in single molecule-based devices, detail how these measurements have advanced our understanding of the structure–function relationships in molecular junctions, and discuss the potential for future research and applications.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","OA_type":"closed access","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"type":"journal_article","status":"public","volume":8,"title":"Single-molecule junctions beyond electronic transport","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"pmid":["23736215"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-01-03T08:10:06Z","month":"06"},{"OA_type":"closed access","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-3387"],"eissn":["1748-3395"]},"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"According to Kirchhoff's circuit laws, the net conductance of two parallel components in an electronic circuit is the sum of the individual conductances. However, when the circuit dimensions are comparable to the electronic phase coherence length, quantum interference effects play a critical role1, as exemplified by the Aharonov–Bohm effect in metal rings2,3. At the molecular scale, interference effects dramatically reduce the electron transfer rate through a meta-connected benzene ring when compared with a para-connected benzene ring4,5. For longer conjugated and cross-conjugated molecules, destructive interference effects have been observed in the tunnelling conductance through molecular junctions6,7,8,9,10. Here, we investigate the conductance superposition law for parallel components in single-molecule circuits, particularly the role of interference. We synthesize a series of molecular systems that contain either one backbone or two backbones in parallel, bonded together cofacially by a common linker on each end. Single-molecule conductance measurements and transport calculations based on density functional theory show that the conductance of a double-backbone molecular junction can be more than twice that of a single-backbone junction, providing clear evidence for constructive interference."}],"citation":{"mla":"Vazquez, H., et al. “Probing the Conductance Superposition Law in Single-Molecule Circuits with Parallel Paths.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 7, no. 10, Springer Nature, 2012, pp. 663–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.147\">10.1038/nnano.2012.147</a>.","ista":"Vazquez H, Skouta R, Schneebeli S, Kamenetska M, Breslow R, Venkataraman L, Hybertsen MS. 2012. Probing the conductance superposition law in single-molecule circuits with parallel paths. Nature Nanotechnology. 7(10), 663–667.","short":"H. Vazquez, R. Skouta, S. Schneebeli, M. Kamenetska, R. Breslow, L. Venkataraman, M.S. Hybertsen, Nature Nanotechnology 7 (2012) 663–667.","apa":"Vazquez, H., Skouta, R., Schneebeli, S., Kamenetska, M., Breslow, R., Venkataraman, L., &#38; Hybertsen, M. S. (2012). Probing the conductance superposition law in single-molecule circuits with parallel paths. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.147\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.147</a>","chicago":"Vazquez, H., R. Skouta, S. Schneebeli, M. Kamenetska, R. Breslow, Latha Venkataraman, and M.S. Hybertsen. “Probing the Conductance Superposition Law in Single-Molecule Circuits with Parallel Paths.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2012. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.147\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.147</a>.","ama":"Vazquez H, Skouta R, Schneebeli S, et al. Probing the conductance superposition law in single-molecule circuits with parallel paths. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2012;7(10):663-667. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.147\">10.1038/nnano.2012.147</a>","ieee":"H. Vazquez <i>et al.</i>, “Probing the conductance superposition law in single-molecule circuits with parallel paths,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 7, no. 10. Springer Nature, pp. 663–667, 2012."},"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"pmid":["22941403"]},"quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-01-03T09:07:44Z","month":"09","volume":7,"title":"Probing the conductance superposition law in single-molecule circuits with parallel paths","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2012-09-02T00:00:00Z","day":"02","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"18007","issue":"10","pmid":1,"page":"663-667","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Vazquez","first_name":"H.","full_name":"Vazquez, H."},{"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Skouta","full_name":"Skouta, R."},{"full_name":"Schneebeli, S.","last_name":"Schneebeli","first_name":"S."},{"full_name":"Kamenetska, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Kamenetska"},{"full_name":"Breslow, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Breslow"},{"id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089"},{"last_name":"Hybertsen","first_name":"M.S.","full_name":"Hybertsen, M.S."}],"publication_status":"published","extern":"1","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2012.147","intvolume":"         7","year":"2012","date_created":"2024-09-09T12:28:28Z","article_type":"original"},{"intvolume":"         6","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2011.66","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Cheng","first_name":"Z.-L.","full_name":"Cheng, Z.-L."},{"full_name":"Skouta, R.","last_name":"Skouta","first_name":"R."},{"last_name":"Vazquez","first_name":"H.","full_name":"Vazquez, H."},{"last_name":"Widawsky","first_name":"J. R.","full_name":"Widawsky, J. R."},{"full_name":"Schneebeli, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Schneebeli"},{"first_name":"W.","last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, W."},{"first_name":"M. S.","last_name":"Hybertsen","full_name":"Hybertsen, M. S."},{"full_name":"Breslow, R.","first_name":"R.","last_name":"Breslow"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","last_name":"Venkataraman","first_name":"Latha","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf"}],"article_type":"letter_note","date_created":"2024-09-09T12:57:48Z","year":"2011","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","day":"01","page":"353-357","pmid":1,"_id":"18021","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","issue":"6","month":"06","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-01-03T09:51:33Z","external_id":{"pmid":["21552252"]},"date_published":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"In situ formation of highly conducting covalent Au–C contacts for single-molecule junctions","volume":6,"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"OA_type":"closed access","publisher":"Springer Nature","citation":{"ieee":"Z.-L. Cheng <i>et al.</i>, “In situ formation of highly conducting covalent Au–C contacts for single-molecule junctions,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 6, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 353–357, 2011.","ama":"Cheng Z-L, Skouta R, Vazquez H, et al. In situ formation of highly conducting covalent Au–C contacts for single-molecule junctions. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2011;6(6):353-357. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.66\">10.1038/nnano.2011.66</a>","chicago":"Cheng, Z.-L., R. Skouta, H. Vazquez, J. R. Widawsky, S. Schneebeli, W. Chen, M. S. Hybertsen, R. Breslow, and Latha Venkataraman. “In Situ Formation of Highly Conducting Covalent Au–C Contacts for Single-Molecule Junctions.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2011. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.66\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.66</a>.","apa":"Cheng, Z.-L., Skouta, R., Vazquez, H., Widawsky, J. R., Schneebeli, S., Chen, W., … Venkataraman, L. (2011). In situ formation of highly conducting covalent Au–C contacts for single-molecule junctions. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.66\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.66</a>","short":"Z.-L. Cheng, R. Skouta, H. Vazquez, J.R. Widawsky, S. Schneebeli, W. Chen, M.S. Hybertsen, R. Breslow, L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 6 (2011) 353–357.","ista":"Cheng Z-L, Skouta R, Vazquez H, Widawsky JR, Schneebeli S, Chen W, Hybertsen MS, Breslow R, Venkataraman L. 2011. In situ formation of highly conducting covalent Au–C contacts for single-molecule junctions. Nature Nanotechnology. 6(6), 353–357.","mla":"Cheng, Z. L., et al. “In Situ Formation of Highly Conducting Covalent Au–C Contacts for Single-Molecule Junctions.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 6, no. 6, Springer Nature, 2011, pp. 353–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.66\">10.1038/nnano.2011.66</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Charge transport across metal–molecule interfaces has an important role in organic electronics1. Typically, chemical link groups such as thiols2 or amines3 are used to bind organic molecules to metal electrodes in single-molecule circuits, with these groups controlling both the physical structure and the electronic coupling at the interface. Direct metal–carbon coupling has been shown through C60, benzene and π-stacked benzene4,5,6,7, but ideally the carbon backbone of the molecule should be covalently bonded to the electrode without intervening link groups. Here, we demonstrate a method to create junctions with such contacts. Trimethyl tin (SnMe3)-terminated polymethylene chains are used to form single-molecule junctions with a break-junction technique2,3. Gold atoms at the electrode displace the SnMe3 linkers, leading to the formation of direct Au–C bonded single-molecule junctions with a conductance that is ∼100 times larger than analogous alkanes with most other terminations. The conductance of these Au–C bonded alkanes decreases exponentially with molecular length, with a decay constant of 0.97 per methylene, consistent with a non-resonant transport mechanism. Control experiments and ab initio calculations show that high conductances are achieved because a covalent Au–C sigma (σ) bond is formed. This offers a new method for making reproducible and highly conducting metal–organic contacts."}],"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None"},{"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1748-3387"],"eissn":["1748-3395"]},"type":"journal_article","OA_type":"green","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.1139"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","oa_version":"Preprint","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Molecular-scale components are expected to be central to the realization of nanoscale electronic devices1,2,3. Although molecular-scale switching has been reported in atomic quantum point contacts4,5,6, single-molecule junctions provide the additional flexibility of tuning the on/off conductance states through molecular design. To date, switching in single-molecule junctions has been attributed to changes in the conformation or charge state of the molecule7,8,9,10,11,12. Here, we demonstrate reversible binary switching in a single-molecule junction by mechanical control of the metal–molecule contact geometry. We show that 4,4'-bipyridine–gold single-molecule junctions can be reversibly switched between two conductance states through repeated junction elongation and compression. Using first-principles calculations, we attribute the different measured conductance states to distinct contact geometries at the flexible but stable nitrogen–gold bond: conductance is low when the N–Au bond is perpendicular to the conducting π-system, and high otherwise. This switching mechanism, inherent to the pyridine–gold link, could form the basis of a new class of mechanically activated single-molecule switches."}],"citation":{"mla":"Quek, Su Ying, et al. “Mechanically Controlled Binary Conductance Switching of a Single-Molecule Junction.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 4, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 230–34, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>.","ista":"Quek SY, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald ML, Choi HJ, Louie SG, Hybertsen MS, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L. 2009. Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction. Nature Nanotechnology. 4(4), 230–234.","short":"S.Y. Quek, M. Kamenetska, M.L. Steigerwald, H.J. Choi, S.G. Louie, M.S. Hybertsen, J.B. Neaton, L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 4 (2009) 230–234.","apa":"Quek, S. Y., Kamenetska, M., Steigerwald, M. L., Choi, H. J., Louie, S. G., Hybertsen, M. S., … Venkataraman, L. (2009). Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>","chicago":"Quek, Su Ying, Maria Kamenetska, Michael L. Steigerwald, Hyoung Joon Choi, Steven G. Louie, Mark S. Hybertsen, J. B. Neaton, and Latha Venkataraman. “Mechanically Controlled Binary Conductance Switching of a Single-Molecule Junction.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>.","ama":"Quek SY, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald ML, et al. Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2009;4(4):230-234. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.10\">10.1038/nnano.2009.10</a>","ieee":"S. Y. Quek <i>et al.</i>, “Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 4, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 230–234, 2009."},"scopus_import":"1","month":"04","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-01-03T10:42:35Z","external_id":{"pmid":["19350032"],"arxiv":["0901.1139"]},"arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","title":"Mechanically controlled binary conductance switching of a single-molecule junction","volume":4,"publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","OA_place":"repository","day":"01","page":"230-234","pmid":1,"issue":"4","_id":"18031","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","intvolume":"         4","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2009.10","oa":1,"extern":"1","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Quek, Su Ying","last_name":"Quek","first_name":"Su Ying"},{"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Kamenetska","full_name":"Kamenetska, Maria"},{"last_name":"Steigerwald","first_name":"Michael L.","full_name":"Steigerwald, Michael L."},{"last_name":"Choi","first_name":"Hyoung Joon","full_name":"Choi, Hyoung Joon"},{"full_name":"Louie, Steven G.","first_name":"Steven G.","last_name":"Louie"},{"first_name":"Mark S.","last_name":"Hybertsen","full_name":"Hybertsen, Mark S."},{"full_name":"Neaton, J. B.","last_name":"Neaton","first_name":"J. B."},{"orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_type":"letter_note","date_created":"2024-09-09T13:53:36Z","year":"2009"},{"publisher":"Springer Nature","citation":{"ama":"Venkataraman L. Seeing is believing. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. 2008;3(4):187-188. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.81\">10.1038/nnano.2008.81</a>","ieee":"L. Venkataraman, “Seeing is believing,” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 3, no. 4. Springer Nature, pp. 187–188, 2008.","mla":"Venkataraman, Latha. “Seeing Is Believing.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>, vol. 3, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2008, pp. 187–88, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.81\">10.1038/nnano.2008.81</a>.","ista":"Venkataraman L. 2008. Seeing is believing. Nature Nanotechnology. 3(4), 187–188.","short":"L. Venkataraman, Nature Nanotechnology 3 (2008) 187–188.","apa":"Venkataraman, L. (2008). Seeing is believing. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.81\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.81</a>","chicago":"Venkataraman, Latha. “Seeing Is Believing.” <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. Springer Nature, 2008. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.81\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.81</a>."},"abstract":[{"text":"The ability to perform optical measurements on a single molecule placed between two electrodes while also measuring the current flowing through it could herald a new generation of experiments on molecular junctions.","lang":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1748-3395"],"issn":["1748-3387"]},"OA_type":"closed access","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","title":"Seeing is believing","volume":3,"month":"04","quality_controlled":"1","date_updated":"2025-01-03T10:57:41Z","external_id":{"pmid":["18654498"]},"page":"187-188","pmid":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","_id":"18034","issue":"4","publication":"Nature Nanotechnology","day":"01","article_type":"letter_note","date_created":"2024-09-09T14:26:30Z","year":"2008","intvolume":"         3","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","doi":"10.1038/nnano.2008.81","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Latha","last_name":"Venkataraman","orcid":"0000-0002-6957-6089","id":"9ebb78a5-cc0d-11ee-8322-fae086a32caf","full_name":"Venkataraman, Latha"}]}]