[{"project":[{"grant_number":"692692","name":"Biophysics and circuit function of a giant cortical glutamatergic synapse","_id":"25B7EB9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"Z00312","name":"Synaptic communication in neuronal microcircuits","_id":"25C5A090-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"2696E7FE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"V00739","name":"Structural plasticity at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses"}],"volume":16,"title":"Subcellular patch-clamp techniques for single-bouton stimulation and simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic recording at cortical synapses","citation":{"apa":"Vandael, D. H., Okamoto, Y., Borges Merjane, C., Vargas Barroso, V. M., Suter, B., &#38; Jonas, P. M. (2021). Subcellular patch-clamp techniques for single-bouton stimulation and simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic recording at cortical synapses. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0</a>","ama":"Vandael DH, Okamoto Y, Borges Merjane C, Vargas Barroso VM, Suter B, Jonas PM. Subcellular patch-clamp techniques for single-bouton stimulation and simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic recording at cortical synapses. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. 2021;16(6):2947–2967. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0\">10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0</a>","chicago":"Vandael, David H, Yuji Okamoto, Carolina Borges Merjane, Victor M Vargas Barroso, Benjamin Suter, and Peter M Jonas. “Subcellular Patch-Clamp Techniques for Single-Bouton Stimulation and Simultaneous Pre- and Postsynaptic Recording at Cortical Synapses.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0</a>.","ieee":"D. H. Vandael, Y. Okamoto, C. Borges Merjane, V. M. Vargas Barroso, B. Suter, and P. M. Jonas, “Subcellular patch-clamp techniques for single-bouton stimulation and simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic recording at cortical synapses,” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 16, no. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 2947–2967, 2021.","mla":"Vandael, David H., et al. “Subcellular Patch-Clamp Techniques for Single-Bouton Stimulation and Simultaneous Pre- and Postsynaptic Recording at Cortical Synapses.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 16, no. 6, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 2947–2967, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0\">10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0</a>.","ista":"Vandael DH, Okamoto Y, Borges Merjane C, Vargas Barroso VM, Suter B, Jonas PM. 2021. Subcellular patch-clamp techniques for single-bouton stimulation and simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic recording at cortical synapses. Nature Protocols. 16(6), 2947–2967.","short":"D.H. Vandael, Y. Okamoto, C. Borges Merjane, V.M. Vargas Barroso, B. Suter, P.M. Jonas, Nature Protocols 16 (2021) 2947–2967."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_processing_charge":"No","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"PeJo"}],"date_published":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2021","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1750-2799"],"issn":["1754-2189"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-12-02T23:30:05Z","date_updated":"2025-04-22T22:30:43Z","day":"01","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["570"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"corr_author":"1","isi":1,"month":"06","publication":"Nature Protocols","status":"public","oa":1,"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 692692 to P.J.) and the Fond zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Z 312-B27, Wittgenstein award to P.J., V 739-B27 to C.B.M.). We are grateful to F. Marr and C. Altmutter for excellent technical assistance and cell reconstruction, E. Kralli-Beller for manuscript editing, and the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria, especially T. Asenov and Miba machine shop, for maximally efficient support.","abstract":[{"text":"Rigorous investigation of synaptic transmission requires analysis of unitary synaptic events by simultaneous recording from presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic target neurons. However, this has been achieved at only a limited number of model synapses, including the squid giant synapse and the mammalian calyx of Held. Cortical presynaptic terminals have been largely inaccessible to direct presynaptic recording, due to their small size. Here, we describe a protocol for improved subcellular patch-clamp recording in rat and mouse brain slices, with the synapse in a largely intact environment. Slice preparation takes ~2 h, recording ~3 h and post hoc morphological analysis 2 d. Single presynaptic hippocampal mossy fiber terminals are stimulated minimally invasively in the bouton-attached configuration, in which the cytoplasmic content remains unperturbed, or in the whole-bouton configuration, in which the cytoplasmic composition can be precisely controlled. Paired pre–postsynaptic recordings can be integrated with biocytin labeling and morphological analysis, allowing correlative investigation of synapse structure and function. Paired recordings can be obtained from mossy fiber terminals in slices from both rats and mice, implying applicability to genetically modified synapses. Paired recordings can also be performed together with axon tract stimulation or optogenetic activation, allowing comparison of unitary and compound synaptic events in the same target cell. Finally, paired recordings can be combined with spontaneous event analysis, permitting collection of miniature events generated at a single identified synapse. In conclusion, the subcellular patch-clamp techniques detailed here should facilitate analysis of biophysics, plasticity and circuit function of cortical synapses in the mammalian central nervous system.","lang":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","_id":"9438","date_created":"2021-05-30T22:01:24Z","page":"2947–2967","scopus_import":"1","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["33990799"],"isi":["000650528700003"]},"oa_version":"Submitted Version","doi":"10.1038/s41596-021-00526-0","file":[{"date_created":"2021-07-08T12:27:55Z","date_updated":"2021-12-02T23:30:05Z","file_name":"VandaeletalAuthorVersion2021.pdf","creator":"cziletti","file_id":"9639","file_size":38574802,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","embargo":"2021-12-01","checksum":"7eb580abd8893cdb0b410cf41bc8c263"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Vandael","orcid":"0000-0001-7577-1676","full_name":"Vandael, David H","first_name":"David H","id":"3AE48E0A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3337E116-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Yuji","full_name":"Okamoto, Yuji","last_name":"Okamoto","orcid":"0000-0003-0408-6094"},{"id":"4305C450-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carolina","full_name":"Borges Merjane, Carolina","last_name":"Borges Merjane","orcid":"0000-0003-0005-401X"},{"full_name":"Vargas Barroso, Victor M","last_name":"Vargas Barroso","id":"2F55A9DE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Victor M"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","id":"4952F31E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Suter","orcid":"0000-0002-9885-6936","full_name":"Suter, Benjamin"},{"id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas"}],"intvolume":"        16","issue":"6","publication_status":"published"},{"oa_version":"None","author":[{"last_name":"Bischofberger","full_name":"Bischofberger, Josef","first_name":"Josef"},{"last_name":"Engel","full_name":"Engel, Dominique","first_name":"Dominique"},{"first_name":"Liyi","full_name":"Li, Liyi","last_name":"Li"},{"last_name":"Geiger","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg","first_name":"Jörg"},{"id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas"}],"doi":"10.1038/nprot.2006.312 ","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["17487197"]},"extern":"1","intvolume":"         1","issue":"4","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","day":"01","date_updated":"2026-08-27T08:31:06Z","type":"journal_article","year":"2006","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1754-2189"],"eissn":["1750-2799"]},"title":"Patch-clamp recording from mossy fiber terminals in hippocampal slices","citation":{"ieee":"J. Bischofberger, D. Engel, L. Li, J. Geiger, and P. M. Jonas, “Patch-clamp recording from mossy fiber terminals in hippocampal slices,” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 4. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 2075–81, 2006.","apa":"Bischofberger, J., Engel, D., Li, L., Geiger, J., &#38; Jonas, P. M. (2006). Patch-clamp recording from mossy fiber terminals in hippocampal slices. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.312 \">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.312 </a>","chicago":"Bischofberger, Josef, Dominique Engel, Liyi Li, Jörg Geiger, and Peter M Jonas. “Patch-Clamp Recording from Mossy Fiber Terminals in Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.312 \">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.312 </a>.","ama":"Bischofberger J, Engel D, Li L, Geiger J, Jonas PM. Patch-clamp recording from mossy fiber terminals in hippocampal slices. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. 2006;1(4):2075-2081. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.312 \">10.1038/nprot.2006.312 </a>","mla":"Bischofberger, Josef, et al. “Patch-Clamp Recording from Mossy Fiber Terminals in Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 4, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 2075–81, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.312 \">10.1038/nprot.2006.312 </a>.","ista":"Bischofberger J, Engel D, Li L, Geiger J, Jonas PM. 2006. Patch-clamp recording from mossy fiber terminals in hippocampal slices. Nature Protocols. 1(4), 2075–81.","short":"J. Bischofberger, D. Engel, L. Li, J. Geiger, P.M. Jonas, Nature Protocols 1 (2006) 2075–81."},"volume":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_type":"closed access","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Rigorous analysis of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system requires access to presynaptic terminals. However, cortical terminals have been largely inaccessible to presynaptic patch-clamp recording, due to their small size. Using improved patch-clamp techniques in brain slices, we recorded from mossy fiber terminals in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, which have a diameter of 2-5 microm. The major steps of improvement were the enhanced visibility provided by high-numerical aperture objectives and infrared illumination, the development of vibratomes with minimal vertical blade vibrations and the use of sucrose-based solutions for storage and cutting. Based on these improvements, we describe a protocol that allows us to routinely record from hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. Presynaptic recordings can be obtained in slices from both rats and mice. Presynaptic recordings can be also obtained in slices from transgenic mice in which terminals are labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein."}],"article_type":"original","publist_id":"2392","_id":"3818","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:05:20Z","page":"2075 - 81","month":"01","publication":"Nature Protocols","status":"public"},{"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1754-2189"],"eissn":["1750-2799"]},"year":"2006","day":"01","date_updated":"2026-09-02T13:07:19Z","date_published":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_type":"closed access","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":1,"title":"In situ hybridization technique for mRNA detection in whole mount Arabidopsis samples","citation":{"mla":"Hejátko, Jan, et al. “In Situ Hybridization Technique for MRNA Detection in Whole Mount Arabidopsis Samples.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 4, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 1939–46, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.333\">10.1038/nprot.2006.333</a>.","ista":"Hejátko J, Blilou I, Brewer P, Friml J, Scheres B, Benková E. 2006. In situ hybridization technique for mRNA detection in whole mount Arabidopsis samples. Nature Protocols. 1(4), 1939–1946.","short":"J. Hejátko, I. Blilou, P. Brewer, J. Friml, B. Scheres, E. Benková, Nature Protocols 1 (2006) 1939–1946.","apa":"Hejátko, J., Blilou, I., Brewer, P., Friml, J., Scheres, B., &#38; Benková, E. (2006). In situ hybridization technique for mRNA detection in whole mount Arabidopsis samples. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.333\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.333</a>","ieee":"J. Hejátko, I. Blilou, P. Brewer, J. Friml, B. Scheres, and E. Benková, “In situ hybridization technique for mRNA detection in whole mount Arabidopsis samples,” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 4. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 1939–1946, 2006.","chicago":"Hejátko, Jan, Ikram Blilou, Philip Brewer, Jiří Friml, Ben Scheres, and Eva Benková. “In Situ Hybridization Technique for MRNA Detection in Whole Mount Arabidopsis Samples.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.333\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.333</a>.","ama":"Hejátko J, Blilou I, Brewer P, Friml J, Scheres B, Benková E. In situ hybridization technique for mRNA detection in whole mount Arabidopsis samples. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. 2006;1(4):1939-1946. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.333\">10.1038/nprot.2006.333</a>"},"_id":"3020","publist_id":"3683","page":"1939 - 1946","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:54Z","abstract":[{"text":"High throughput microarray transcription analyses provide us with the expression profiles for large amounts of plant genes. However, their tissue and cellular resolution is limited. Thus, for detailed functional analysis, it is still necessary to examine the expression pattern of selected candidate genes at a cellular level. Here, we present an in situ mRNA hybridization method that is routinely used for the analysis of plant gene expression patterns. The protocol is optimized for whole mount mRNA localizations in Arabidopsis seedling tissues including embryos, roots, hypocotyls and young primary leaves. It can also be used for comparable tissues in other species. Part of the protocol can also be automated and performed by a liquid handling robot. Here we present a detailed protocol, recommended controls and troubleshooting, along with examples of several applications. The total time to carry out the entire procedure is ∼7 d, depending on the tissue used.","lang":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publication":"Nature Protocols","month":"11","status":"public","doi":"10.1038/nprot.2006.333","author":[{"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Hejátko","full_name":"Hejátko, Jan"},{"first_name":"Ikram","full_name":"Blilou, Ikram","last_name":"Blilou"},{"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Brewer","full_name":"Brewer, Philip"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jirí","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","last_name":"Friml","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jirí"},{"first_name":"Ben","full_name":"Scheres, Ben","last_name":"Scheres"},{"first_name":"Eva","id":"38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Benková","orcid":"0000-0002-8510-9739","full_name":"Benková, Eva"}],"oa_version":"None","external_id":{"pmid":["17487180"]},"pmid":1,"extern":"1","issue":"4","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         1"},{"intvolume":"         1","issue":"1","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["17406218"]},"oa_version":"None","doi":"10.1038/nprot.2006.15","author":[{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Sauer","full_name":"Sauer, Michael"},{"full_name":"Paciorek, Tomasz","last_name":"Paciorek","first_name":"Tomasz"},{"first_name":"Eva","id":"38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8510-9739","last_name":"Benková","full_name":"Benková, Eva"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jirí","last_name":"Friml","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jirí"}],"month":"06","publication":"Nature Protocols","status":"public","article_type":"original","abstract":[{"text":"As the field of plant molecular biology is swiftly advancing, a need has been created for methods that allow rapid and reliable in situ localization of proteins in plant cells. Here we describe a whole-mount 'immunolocalization' technique for various plant tissues, including roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons, young primary leaves and embryos of Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. The detailed protocol, recommended controls and troubleshooting are presented, along with examples of applications. The protocol consists of five main procedures: tissue fixation, tissue permeation, blocking, primary and secondary antibody incubation. Notably, the first procedure (tissue fixation) includes several steps (4-12) that are absolutely necessary for protein localization in hypocotyls, cotyledons and young primary leaves but should be omitted for other tissues. The protocol is usually done in 3 days, but could also be completed in 2 days.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publist_id":"3688","_id":"3015","page":"98 - 103","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:52Z","volume":1,"title":"Immunocytochemical techniques for whole mount in situ protein localization in plants","citation":{"ama":"Sauer M, Paciorek T, Benková E, Friml J. Immunocytochemical techniques for whole mount in situ protein localization in plants. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. 2006;1(1):98-103. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.15\">10.1038/nprot.2006.15</a>","chicago":"Sauer, Michael, Tomasz Paciorek, Eva Benková, and Jiří Friml. “Immunocytochemical Techniques for Whole Mount in Situ Protein Localization in Plants.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.15\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.15</a>.","apa":"Sauer, M., Paciorek, T., Benková, E., &#38; Friml, J. (2006). Immunocytochemical techniques for whole mount in situ protein localization in plants. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.15\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.15</a>","ieee":"M. Sauer, T. Paciorek, E. Benková, and J. Friml, “Immunocytochemical techniques for whole mount in situ protein localization in plants,” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 1. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 98–103, 2006.","short":"M. Sauer, T. Paciorek, E. Benková, J. Friml, Nature Protocols 1 (2006) 98–103.","mla":"Sauer, Michael, et al. “Immunocytochemical Techniques for Whole Mount in Situ Protein Localization in Plants.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 98–103, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.15\">10.1038/nprot.2006.15</a>.","ista":"Sauer M, Paciorek T, Benková E, Friml J. 2006. Immunocytochemical techniques for whole mount in situ protein localization in plants. Nature Protocols. 1(1), 98–103."},"OA_type":"closed access","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","year":"2006","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1750-2799"],"issn":["1754-2189"]},"date_updated":"2026-09-02T13:17:35Z","day":"01"},{"publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","article_type":"original","abstract":[{"text":"There is a growing demand for methods that allow rapid and reliable in situ localization of proteins in plant cells. The immunocytochemistry protocol presented here can be used routinely to observe protein localization patterns in tissue sections of various plant species. This protocol is especially suitable for plant species with more-complex tissue architecture (such as maize, Zea mays), which makes it difficult to use an easier whole-mount procedure for protein localization. To facilitate the antibody-antigen reaction, it is necessary to include a wax-embedding and tissue-sectioning step. The protocol consists of the following procedures: chemical fixation of tissue, dehydration, wax embedding, sectioning, dewaxing, rehydration, blocking and antibody incubation. The detailed protocol, recommended controls and troubleshooting are presented here, along with examples of applications.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"3013","publist_id":"3689","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:52Z","page":"104 - 107","publication":"Nature Protocols","month":"06","status":"public","date_published":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"01","date_updated":"2026-09-02T13:18:47Z","year":"2006","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1750-2799"],"issn":["1754-2189"]},"type":"journal_article","title":"Immunocytochemical technique for protein localization in sections of plant tissues","citation":{"chicago":"Paciorek, Tomasz, Michael Sauer, Jozef Balla, Justyna Wiśniewska, and Jiří Friml. “Immunocytochemical Technique for Protein Localization in Sections of Plant Tissues.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.16\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.16</a>.","ieee":"T. Paciorek, M. Sauer, J. Balla, J. Wiśniewska, and J. Friml, “Immunocytochemical technique for protein localization in sections of plant tissues,” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 1. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 104–107, 2006.","ama":"Paciorek T, Sauer M, Balla J, Wiśniewska J, Friml J. Immunocytochemical technique for protein localization in sections of plant tissues. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. 2006;1(1):104-107. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.16\">10.1038/nprot.2006.16</a>","apa":"Paciorek, T., Sauer, M., Balla, J., Wiśniewska, J., &#38; Friml, J. (2006). Immunocytochemical technique for protein localization in sections of plant tissues. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.16\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.16</a>","mla":"Paciorek, Tomasz, et al. “Immunocytochemical Technique for Protein Localization in Sections of Plant Tissues.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 1, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 104–07, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.16\">10.1038/nprot.2006.16</a>.","ista":"Paciorek T, Sauer M, Balla J, Wiśniewska J, Friml J. 2006. Immunocytochemical technique for protein localization in sections of plant tissues. Nature Protocols. 1(1), 104–107.","short":"T. Paciorek, M. Sauer, J. Balla, J. Wiśniewska, J. Friml, Nature Protocols 1 (2006) 104–107."},"volume":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","OA_type":"closed access","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","extern":"1","intvolume":"         1","issue":"1","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"None","author":[{"first_name":"Tomasz","full_name":"Paciorek, Tomasz","last_name":"Paciorek"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Sauer","full_name":"Sauer, Michael"},{"full_name":"Balla, Jozef","last_name":"Balla","first_name":"Jozef"},{"first_name":"Justyna","full_name":"Wiśniewska, Justyna","last_name":"Wiśniewska"},{"full_name":"Friml, Jirí","last_name":"Friml","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jirí"}],"doi":"10.1038/nprot.2006.16","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["17406219"]}},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1750-2799"],"issn":["1754-2189"]},"type":"journal_article","year":"2006","date_updated":"2026-09-02T13:15:08Z","day":"01","volume":1,"citation":{"ista":"Brewer P, Heisler M, Hejátko J, Friml J, Benková E. 2006. In situ hybridization for mRNA detection in Arabidopsis tissue sections. Nature Protocols. 1(3), 1462–1467.","mla":"Brewer, Philip, et al. “In Situ Hybridization for MRNA Detection in Arabidopsis Tissue Sections.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 3, Nature Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 1462–67, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.226\">10.1038/nprot.2006.226</a>.","short":"P. Brewer, M. Heisler, J. Hejátko, J. Friml, E. Benková, Nature Protocols 1 (2006) 1462–1467.","chicago":"Brewer, Philip, Marcus Heisler, Jan Hejátko, Jiří Friml, and Eva Benková. “In Situ Hybridization for MRNA Detection in Arabidopsis Tissue Sections.” <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.226\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.226</a>.","apa":"Brewer, P., Heisler, M., Hejátko, J., Friml, J., &#38; Benková, E. (2006). In situ hybridization for mRNA detection in Arabidopsis tissue sections. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.226\">https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.226</a>","ama":"Brewer P, Heisler M, Hejátko J, Friml J, Benková E. In situ hybridization for mRNA detection in Arabidopsis tissue sections. <i>Nature Protocols</i>. 2006;1(3):1462-1467. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.226\">10.1038/nprot.2006.226</a>","ieee":"P. Brewer, M. Heisler, J. Hejátko, J. Friml, and E. Benková, “In situ hybridization for mRNA detection in Arabidopsis tissue sections,” <i>Nature Protocols</i>, vol. 1, no. 3. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 1462–1467, 2006."},"title":"In situ hybridization for mRNA detection in Arabidopsis tissue sections","OA_type":"closed access","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_processing_charge":"No","abstract":[{"text":"Plant biology is currently confronted with an overflow of expression profile data provided by high-throughput microarray transcription analyses. However, the tissue and cellular resolution of these techniques is limited. Thus, it is still necessary to examine the expression pattern of selected candidate genes at a cellular level. Here we present an in situ mRNA hybridization method that is routinely used in the analysis of gene expression patterns. The protocol is optimized for mRNA localizations in sectioned tissue of Arabidopsis seedlings including embryos, roots, hypocotyls, young primary leaves and flowers. The detailed protocol, recommended controls and troubleshooting are presented along with examples of application. The total time for the process is 10 days.","lang":"eng"}],"article_type":"original","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:00:52Z","page":"1462 - 1467","publist_id":"3687","_id":"3014","status":"public","month":"08","publication":"Nature Protocols","oa_version":"None","doi":"10.1038/nprot.2006.226","author":[{"last_name":"Brewer","full_name":"Brewer, Philip","first_name":"Philip"},{"first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Heisler","full_name":"Heisler, Marcus"},{"last_name":"Hejátko","full_name":"Hejátko, Jan","first_name":"Jan"},{"id":"4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jirí","full_name":"Friml, Jirí","orcid":"0000-0002-8302-7596","last_name":"Friml"},{"last_name":"Benková","orcid":"0000-0002-8510-9739","full_name":"Benková, Eva","first_name":"Eva","id":"38F4F166-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["17406436"]},"extern":"1","intvolume":"         1","publication_status":"published","issue":"3"}]