@article{14647,
  abstract     = {In the developing vertebrate central nervous system, neurons and glia typically arise
sequentially from common progenitors. Here, we report that the transcription factor Forkhead
Box G1 (Foxg1) regulates gliogenesis in the mouse neocortex via distinct cell-autonomous roles in progenitors and postmitotic neurons that regulate different aspects of the gliogenic FGF signalling pathway. We demonstrate that loss of Foxg1 in cortical progenitors at neurogenic stages causes premature astrogliogenesis. We identify a novel FOXG1 target, the pro-gliogenic FGF pathway component Fgfr3, which is suppressed by FOXG1 cell-autonomously to maintain neurogenesis. Furthermore, FOXG1 can also suppress premature astrogliogenesis triggered by the augmentation of FGF signalling. We identify a second novel function of FOXG1 in regulating the expression of gliogenic cues in newborn neocortical upper-layer neurons. Loss of FOXG1 in postmitotic neurons non-autonomously enhances gliogenesis in the progenitors via FGF signalling. These results fit well with the model that newborn neurons secrete cues that trigger progenitors to produce the next wave of cell types, astrocytes. If FGF signalling is attenuated in Foxg1 null progenitors, they progress to oligodendrocyte production. Therefore, loss of FOXG1 transitions the progenitor to a gliogenic state, producing either astrocytes or oligodendrocytes depending on FGF signalling levels. Our results uncover how FOXG1 integrates extrinsic signalling via the FGF pathway to regulate the sequential generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex. },
  author       = {Bose, Mahima and Suresh, Varun and Mishra, Urvi and Talwar, Ishita and Yadav, Anuradha and Biswas, Shiona and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Tole, Shubha},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Dual role of FOXG1 in regulating gliogenesis in the developing neocortex via the FGF signalling pathway}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.101851.3},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{21251,
  abstract     = {Cellular membranes differ across the tree of life. In most bacteria and eukaryotes, single-headed lipids self-assemble into flexible bilayer membranes. By contrast, thermophilic archaea tend to possess bilayer lipids together with double-headed, monolayer spanning bolalipids, which are thought to enable cells to survive in harsh environments. Here, using a minimal computational model for bolalipid membranes, we explore the trade-offs at play when forming membranes. We find that flexible bolalipids form membranes that resemble bilayer membranes because they are able to assume a U-shaped conformation. Conversely, rigid bolalipids, which resemble the bolalipids with cyclic groups found in thermophilic archaea, take on a straight conformation and form membranes that are stiff and prone to pore formation when they undergo changes in shape. Strikingly, however, the inclusion of small amounts of bilayer lipids in a bolalipid membrane is enough to achieve fluid bolalipid membranes that are both stable and flexible, resolving this trade-off. Our study suggests a mechanism by which archaea can tune the material properties of their membranes as and when required to enable them to survive in harsh environments and to undergo essential membrane remodelling events like cell division.},
  author       = {Santana de Freitas Amaral, Miguel and Frey, Felix F and Jiang, Xiuyun and Baum, Buzz and Šarić, Anđela},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Balancing stability and flexibility when reshaping archaeal membranes}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.105432},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{20808,
  abstract     = {During Caenorhabditis elegans development, multiple cells migrate long distances or extend processes to reach their final position and/or attain proper shape. The Wnt signalling pathway stands out as one of the major coordinators of cell migration or cell outgrowth along the anterior-posterior body axis. The outcome of Wnt signalling is fine-tuned by various mechanisms including endocytosis. In this study, we show that SEL-5, the C. elegans orthologue of mammalian AP2-associated kinase AAK1, acts together with the retromer complex as a positive regulator of EGL-20/Wnt signalling during the migration of QL neuroblast daughter cells. At the same time, SEL-5 in cooperation with the retromer complex is also required during excretory canal cell outgrowth. Importantly, SEL-5 kinase activity is not required for its role in neuronal migration or excretory cell outgrowth, and neither of these processes is dependent on DPY-23/AP2M1 phosphorylation. We further establish that the Wnt proteins CWN-1 and CWN-2, together with the Frizzled receptor CFZ-2, positively regulate excretory cell outgrowth, while LIN-44/Wnt and LIN-17/Frizzled together generate a stop signal inhibiting its extension.},
  author       = {Knop, Filip and Zounarová, Apolena and Šabata, Vojtěch and Middelkoop, Teije Corneel and Macůrková, Marie},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Caenorhabditis elegans SEL-5/AAK1 regulates cell migration and cell outgrowth independently of its kinase activity}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.91054},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{18757,
  abstract     = {Segmentation is a critical data processing step in many applications of cryo-electron tomography. Downstream analyses, such as subtomogram averaging, are often based on segmentation results, and are thus critically dependent on the availability of open-source software for accurate as well as high-throughput tomogram segmentation. There is a need for more user-friendly, flexible, and comprehensive segmentation software that offers an insightful overview of all steps involved in preparing automated segmentations. Here, we present Ais: a dedicated tomogram segmentation package that is geared towards both high performance and accessibility, available on GitHub. In this report, we demonstrate two common processing steps that can be greatly accelerated with Ais: particle picking for subtomogram averaging, and generating many-feature segmentations of cellular architecture based on in situ tomography data. Featuring comprehensive annotation, segmentation, and rendering functionality, as well as an open repository for trained models at aiscryoet.org, we hope that Ais will help accelerate research and dissemination of data involving cryoET.},
  author       = {Last, Mart G.F. and Abendstein, Leoni and Voortman, Lenard M. and Sharp, Thomas H.},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Streamlining segmentation of cryo-electron tomography datasets with Ais}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.98552},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2024},
}

@article{14315,
  abstract     = {During apoptosis, caspases degrade 8 out of ~30 nucleoporins to irreversibly demolish the nuclear pore complex. However, for poorly understood reasons, caspases are also activated during cell differentiation. Here, we show that sublethal activation of caspases during myogenesis results in the transient proteolysis of four peripheral Nups and one transmembrane Nup. ‘Trimmed’ NPCs become nuclear export-defective, and we identified in an unbiased manner several classes of cytoplasmic, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial proteins that rapidly accumulate in the nucleus. NPC trimming by non-apoptotic caspases was also observed in neurogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest that caspases can reversibly modulate nuclear transport activity, which allows them to function as agents of cell differentiation and adaptation at sublethal levels.},
  author       = {Cho, Ukrae H. and Hetzer, Martin W},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Caspase-mediated nuclear pore complex trimming in cell differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.89066},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13316,
  abstract     = {Although budding yeast has been extensively used as a model organism for studying organelle functions and intracellular vesicle trafficking, whether it possesses an independent endocytic early/sorting compartment that sorts endocytic cargos to the endo-lysosomal pathway or the recycling pathway has long been unclear. The structure and properties of the endocytic early/sorting compartment differ significantly between organisms; in plant cells, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) serves this role, whereas in mammalian cells a separate intracellular structure performs this function. The yeast syntaxin homolog Tlg2p, widely localizing to the TGN and endosomal compartments, is presumed to act as a Q-SNARE for endocytic vesicles, but which compartment is the direct target for endocytic vesicles remained unanswered. Here we demonstrate by high-speed and high-resolution 4D imaging of fluorescently labeled endocytic cargos that the Tlg2p-residing compartment within the TGN functions as the early/sorting compartment. After arriving here, endocytic cargos are recycled to the plasma membrane or transported to the yeast Rab5-residing endosomal compartment through the pathway requiring the clathrin adaptors GGAs. Interestingly, Gga2p predominantly localizes at the Tlg2p-residing compartment, and the deletion of GGAs has little effect on another TGN region where Sec7p is present but suppresses dynamics of the Tlg2-residing early/sorting compartment, indicating that the Tlg2p- and Sec7p-residing regions are discrete entities in the mutant. Thus, the Tlg2p-residing region seems to serve as an early/sorting compartment and function independently of the Sec7p-residing region within the TGN.},
  author       = {Toshima, Junko Y. and Tsukahara, Ayana and Nagano, Makoto and Tojima, Takuro and Siekhaus, Daria E and Nakano, Akihiko and Toshima, Jiro},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{The yeast endocytic early/sorting compartment exists as an independent sub-compartment within the trans-Golgi network}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.84850},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{11843,
  abstract     = {A key attribute of persistent or recurring bacterial infections is the ability of the pathogen to evade the host’s immune response. Many Enterobacteriaceae express type 1 pili, a pre-adapted virulence trait, to invade host epithelial cells and establish persistent infections. However, the molecular mechanisms and strategies by which bacteria actively circumvent the immune response of the host remain poorly understood. Here, we identified CD14, the major co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide detection, on mouse dendritic cells (DCs) as a binding partner of FimH, the protein located at the tip of the type 1 pilus of Escherichia coli. The FimH amino acids involved in CD14 binding are highly conserved across pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Binding of the pathogenic strain CFT073 to CD14 reduced DC migration by overactivation of integrins and blunted expression of co-stimulatory molecules by overactivating the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) pathway, both rate-limiting factors of T cell activation. This response was binary at the single-cell level, but averaged in larger populations exposed to both piliated and non-piliated pathogens, presumably via the exchange of immunomodulatory cytokines. While defining an active molecular mechanism of immune evasion by pathogens, the interaction between FimH and CD14 represents a potential target to interfere with persistent and recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections or Crohn’s disease.},
  author       = {Tomasek, Kathrin and Leithner, Alexander F and Glatzová, Ivana and Lukesch, Michael S. and Guet, Calin C and Sixt, Michael K},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Type 1 piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli hijack the host immune response by binding to CD14}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.78995},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12157,
  abstract     = {Polygenic adaptation is thought to be ubiquitous, yet remains poorly understood. Here, we model this process analytically, in the plausible setting of a highly polygenic, quantitative trait that experiences a sudden shift in the fitness optimum. We show how the mean phenotype changes over time, depending on the effect sizes of loci that contribute to variance in the trait, and characterize the allele dynamics at these loci. Notably, we describe the two phases of the allele dynamics: The first is a rapid phase, in which directional selection introduces small frequency differences between alleles whose effects are aligned with or opposed to the shift, ultimately leading to small differences in their probability of fixation during a second, longer phase, governed by stabilizing selection. As we discuss, key results should hold in more general settings and have important implications for efforts to identify the genetic basis of adaptation in humans and other species.},
  author       = {Hayward, Laura and Sella, Guy},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  keywords     = {General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine, General Neuroscience},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Polygenic adaptation after a sudden change in environment}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.66697},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12288,
  abstract     = {To understand the function of neuronal circuits, it is crucial to disentangle the connectivity patterns within the network. However, most tools currently used to explore connectivity have low throughput, low selectivity, or limited accessibility. Here, we report the development of an improved packaging system for the production of the highly neurotropic RVdGenvA-CVS-N2c rabies viral vectors, yielding titers orders of magnitude higher with no background contamination, at a fraction of the production time, while preserving the efficiency of transsynaptic labeling. Along with the production pipeline, we developed suites of ‘starter’ AAV and bicistronic RVdG-CVS-N2c vectors, enabling retrograde labeling from a wide range of neuronal populations, tailored for diverse experimental requirements. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of the new system by uncovering hidden local and distal inhibitory connections in the mouse hippocampal formation and by imaging the functional properties of a cortical microcircuit across weeks. Our novel production pipeline provides a convenient approach to generate new rabies vectors, while our toolkit flexibly and efficiently expands the current capacity to label, manipulate and image the neuronal activity of interconnected neuronal circuits in vitro and in vivo.},
  author       = {Sumser, Anton L and Jösch, Maximilian A and Jonas, Peter M and Ben Simon, Yoav},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  keywords     = {General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine, General Neuroscience},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Fast, high-throughput production of improved rabies viral vectors for specific, efficient and versatile transsynaptic retrograde labeling}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.79848},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{12333,
  abstract     = {Together, copy-number and point mutations form the basis for most evolutionary novelty, through the process of gene duplication and divergence. While a plethora of genomic data reveals the long-term fate of diverging coding sequences and their cis-regulatory elements, little is known about the early dynamics around the duplication event itself. In microorganisms, selection for increased gene expression often drives the expansion of gene copy-number mutations, which serves as a crude adaptation, prior to divergence through refining point mutations. Using a simple synthetic genetic reporter system that can distinguish between copy-number and point mutations, we study their early and transient adaptive dynamics in real time in Escherichia coli. We find two qualitatively different routes of adaptation, depending on the level of functional improvement needed. In conditions of high gene expression demand, the two mutation types occur as a combination. However, under low gene expression demand, copy-number and point mutations are mutually exclusive; here, owing to their higher frequency, adaptation is dominated by copy-number mutations, in a process we term amplification hindrance. Ultimately, due to high reversal rates and pleiotropic cost, copy-number mutations may not only serve as a crude and transient adaptation, but also constrain sequence divergence over evolutionary time scales.},
  author       = {Tomanek, Isabella and Guet, Calin C},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Adaptation dynamics between copynumber and point mutations}},
  doi          = {10.7554/ELIFE.82240},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{10736,
  abstract     = {Predicting function from sequence is a central problem of biology. Currently, this is possible only locally in a narrow mutational neighborhood around a wildtype sequence rather than globally from any sequence. Using random mutant libraries, we developed a biophysical model that accounts for multiple features of σ70 binding bacterial promoters to predict constitutive gene expression levels from any sequence. We experimentally and theoretically estimated that 10–20% of random sequences lead to expression and ~80% of non-expressing sequences are one mutation away from a functional promoter. The potential for generating expression from random sequences is so pervasive that selection acts against σ70-RNA polymerase binding sites even within inter-genic, promoter-containing regions. This pervasiveness of σ70-binding sites implies that emergence of promoters is not the limiting step in gene regulatory evolution. Ultimately, the inclusion of novel features of promoter function into a mechanistic model enabled not only more accurate predictions of gene expression levels, but also identified that promoters evolve more rapidly than previously thought.},
  author       = {Lagator, Mato and Sarikas, Srdjan and Steinrück, Magdalena and Toledo-Aparicio, David and Bollback, Jonathan P and Guet, Calin C and Tkačik, Gašper},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Predicting bacterial promoter function and evolution from random sequences}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.64543},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{11419,
  abstract     = {Elevation of soluble wild-type (WT) tau occurs in synaptic compartments in Alzheimer’s disease. We addressed whether tau elevation affects synaptic transmission at the calyx of Held in slices from mice brainstem. Whole-cell loading of WT human tau (h-tau) in presynaptic terminals at 10–20 µM caused microtubule (MT) assembly and activity-dependent rundown of excitatory neurotransmission. Capacitance measurements revealed that the primary target of WT h-tau is vesicle endocytosis. Blocking MT assembly using nocodazole prevented tau-induced impairments of endocytosis and neurotransmission. Immunofluorescence imaging analyses revealed that MT assembly by WT h-tau loading was associated with an increased MT-bound fraction of the endocytic protein dynamin. A synthetic dodecapeptide corresponding to dynamin 1-pleckstrin-homology domain inhibited MT-dynamin interaction and rescued tau-induced impairments of endocytosis and neurotransmission. We conclude that elevation of presynaptic WT tau induces de novo assembly of MTs, thereby sequestering free dynamins. As a result, endocytosis and subsequent vesicle replenishment are impaired, causing activity-dependent rundown of neurotransmission.},
  author       = {Hori, Tetsuya and Eguchi, Kohgaku and Wang, Han Ying and Miyasaka, Tomohiro and Guillaud, Laurent and Taoufiq, Zacharie and Mahapatra, Satyajit and Yamada, Hiroshi and Takei, Kohji and Takahashi, Tomoyuki},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Microtubule assembly by tau impairs endocytosis and neurotransmission via dynamin sequestration in Alzheimer's disease synapse model}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.73542},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{10826,
  abstract     = {Animals that lose one sensory modality often show augmented responses to other sensory inputs. The mechanisms underpinning this cross-modal plasticity are poorly understood. We probe such mechanisms by performing a forward genetic screen for mutants with enhanced O2 perception in Caenorhabditis elegans. Multiple mutants exhibiting increased O2 responsiveness concomitantly show defects in other sensory responses. One mutant, qui-1, defective in a conserved NACHT/WD40 protein, abolishes pheromone-evoked Ca2+ responses in the ADL pheromone-sensing neurons. At the same time, ADL responsiveness to pre-synaptic input from O2-sensing neurons is heightened in qui-1, and other sensory defective mutants, resulting in enhanced neurosecretion although not increased Ca2+ responses. Expressing qui-1 selectively in ADL rescues both the qui-1 ADL neurosecretory phenotype and enhanced escape from 21% O2. Profiling ADL neurons in qui-1 mutants highlights extensive changes in gene expression, notably of many neuropeptide receptors. We show that elevated ADL expression of the conserved neuropeptide receptor NPR-22 is necessary for enhanced ADL neurosecretion in qui-1 mutants, and is sufficient to confer increased ADL neurosecretion in control animals. Sensory loss can thus confer cross-modal plasticity by changing the peptidergic connectome.},
  author       = {Valperga, Giulio and De Bono, Mario},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Impairing one sensory modality enhances another by reconfiguring peptidergic signalling in Caenorhabditis elegans}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.68040},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{19472,
  abstract     = {The forebrain hemispheres are predominantly separated during embryogenesis by the interhemispheric fissure (IHF). Radial astroglia remodel the IHF to form a continuous substrate between the hemispheres for midline crossing of the corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampal commissure (HC). Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) and netrin 1 (NTN1) are molecules that have an evolutionarily conserved function in commissural axon guidance. The CC and HC are absent in <jats:italic>Dcc</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ntn1</jats:italic> knockout mice, while other commissures are only partially affected, suggesting an additional aetiology in forebrain commissure formation. Here, we find that these molecules play a critical role in regulating astroglial development and IHF remodelling during CC and HC formation. Human subjects with <jats:italic>DCC</jats:italic> mutations display disrupted IHF remodelling associated with CC and HC malformations. Thus, axon guidance molecules such as DCC and NTN1 first regulate the formation of a midline substrate for dorsal commissures prior to their role in regulating axonal growth and guidance across it.},
  author       = {Morcom, Laura and Gobius, Ilan and Marsh, Ashley PL and Suárez, Rodrigo and Lim, Jonathan WC and Bridges, Caitlin and Ye, Yunan and Fenlon, Laura R and Zagar, Yvrick and Douglass, Amelia May Barnett and Donahoo, Amber-Lee S and Fothergill, Thomas and Shaikh, Samreen and Kozulin, Peter and Edwards, Timothy J and Cooper, Helen M and Sherr, Elliott H and Chédotal, Alain and Leventer, Richard J and Lockhart, Paul J and Richards, Linda J},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{DCC regulates astroglial development essential for telencephalic morphogenesis and corpus callosum formation}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.61769},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{10606,
  abstract     = {Cell division orientation is thought to result from a competition between cell geometry and polarity domains controlling the position of the mitotic spindle during mitosis. Depending on the level of cell shape anisotropy or the strength of the polarity domain, one dominates the other and determines the orientation of the spindle. Whether and how such competition is also at work to determine unequal cell division (UCD), producing daughter cells of different size, remains unclear. Here, we show that cell geometry and polarity domains cooperate, rather than compete, in positioning the cleavage plane during UCDs in early ascidian embryos. We found that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage rely on the spindle tilting in an anisotropic cell shape, and cortical polarity domains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules. By systematically varying mitotic cell shape, we could modulate the effect of attractive and repulsive polarity domains and consequently generate predicted daughter cell size asymmetries and position. We therefore propose that the spindle position during UCD is set by the combined activities of cell geometry and polarity domains, where cell geometry modulates the effect of cortical polarity domain(s).},
  author       = {Godard, Benoit G and Dumollard, Remi and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J and Mcdougall, Alex},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Combined effect of cell geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation of unequal division}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.75639},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{10116,
  abstract     = {The ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) binds and regulates many proteins, including ion channels, CaM kinases, and calcineurin, according to Ca2+-CaM levels. What regulates neuronal CaM levels, is, however, unclear. CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) are ancient proteins expressed broadly in nervous systems and whose loss confers pleiotropic behavioral defects in flies, mice, and humans. Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, we show that CAMTAs control neuronal CaM levels. The behavioral and neuronal Ca2+ signaling defects in mutants lacking camt-1, the sole C. elegans CAMTA, can be rescued by supplementing neuronal CaM. CAMT-1 binds multiple sites in the CaM promoter and deleting these sites phenocopies camt-1. Our data suggest CAMTAs mediate a conserved and general mechanism that controls neuronal CaM levels, thereby regulating Ca2+ signaling, physiology, and behavior.},
  author       = {Vuong-Brender, Thanh and Flynn, Sean and Vallis, Yvonne and De Bono, Mario},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Neuronal calmodulin levels are controlled by CAMTA transcription factors}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.68238},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{10403,
  abstract     = {Synaptic transmission, connectivity, and dendritic morphology mature in parallel during brain development and are often disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet how these changes influence the neuronal computations necessary for normal brain function are not well understood. To identify cellular mechanisms underlying the maturation of synaptic integration in interneurons, we combined patch-clamp recordings of excitatory inputs in mouse cerebellar stellate cells (SCs), three-dimensional reconstruction of SC morphology with excitatory synapse location, and biophysical modeling. We found that postnatal maturation of postsynaptic strength was homogeneously reduced along the somatodendritic axis, but dendritic integration was always sublinear. However, dendritic branching increased without changes in synapse density, leading to a substantial gain in distal inputs. Thus, changes in synapse distribution, rather than dendrite cable properties, are the dominant mechanism underlying the maturation of neuronal computation. These mechanisms favor the emergence of a spatially compartmentalized two-stage integration model promoting location-dependent integration within dendritic subunits.},
  author       = {Biane, Celia and Rückerl, Florian and Abrahamsson, Therese and Saint-Cloment, Cécile and Mariani, Jean and Shigemoto, Ryuichi and Digregorio, David A. and Sherrard, Rachel M. and Cathala, Laurence},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Developmental emergence of two-stage nonlinear synaptic integration in cerebellar interneurons}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.65954},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9243,
  abstract     = {Peptidoglycan is an essential component of the bacterial cell envelope that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane to protect the cell from osmotic lysis. Important antibiotics such as β-lactams and glycopeptides target peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are bifunctional membrane-bound peptidoglycan synthases that polymerize glycan chains and connect adjacent stem peptides by transpeptidation. How these enzymes work in their physiological membrane environment is poorly understood. Here, we developed a novel Förster resonance energy transfer-based assay to follow in real time both reactions of class A PBPs reconstituted in liposomes or supported lipid bilayers and applied this assay with PBP1B homologues from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii in the presence or absence of their cognate lipoprotein activator. Our assay will allow unravelling the mechanisms of peptidoglycan synthesis in a lipid-bilayer environment and can be further developed to be used for high-throughput screening for new antimicrobials.},
  author       = {Hernández-Rocamora, Víctor M. and Baranova, Natalia S. and Peters, Katharina and Breukink, Eefjan and Loose, Martin and Vollmer, Waldemar},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Real time monitoring of peptidoglycan synthesis by membrane-reconstituted penicillin binding proteins}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.61525},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9746,
  abstract     = {Evolutionary adaptation is a major source of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. Evolution-informed therapy aims to constrain resistance by accounting for bacterial evolvability. Sequential treatments with antibiotics that target different bacterial processes were previously shown to limit adaptation through genetic resistance trade-offs and negative hysteresis. Treatment with homogeneous sets of antibiotics is generally viewed to be disadvantageous, as it should rapidly lead to cross-resistance. We here challenged this assumption by determining the evolutionary response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to experimental sequential treatments involving both heterogenous and homogeneous antibiotic sets. To our surprise, we found that fast switching between only β-lactam antibiotics resulted in increased extinction of bacterial populations. We demonstrate that extinction is favored by low rates of spontaneous resistance emergence and low levels of spontaneous cross-resistance among the antibiotics in sequence. The uncovered principles may help to guide the optimized use of available antibiotics in highly potent, evolution-informed treatment designs.},
  author       = {Batra, Aditi and Römhild, Roderich and Rousseau, Emilie and Franzenburg, Sören and Niemann, Stefan and Schulenburg, Hinrich},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{High potency of sequential therapy with only beta-lactam antibiotics}},
  doi          = {10.7554/elife.68876},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9999,
  abstract     = {The developmental strategies used by progenitor cells to endure a safe journey from their induction place towards the site of terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. Here we uncovered a progenitor cell allocation mechanism that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. Progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ originate from the surface epithelial enveloping layer by an apical constriction process of cell delamination. During this process, progenitors retain long-term apical contacts that enable the epithelial layer to pull a subset of progenitors along their way towards the vegetal pole. The remaining delaminated progenitors follow apically-attached progenitors’ movement by a co-attraction mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their fate and collective allocation at the differentiation site. Thus, we reveal that incomplete delamination serves as a cellular platform for coordinated tissue movements during development. Impact Statement: Incomplete delamination serves as a cellular platform for coordinated tissue movements during development, guiding newly formed progenitor cell groups to the differentiation site.},
  author       = {Pulgar, Eduardo and Schwayer, Cornelia and Guerrero, Néstor and López, Loreto and Márquez, Susana and Härtel, Steffen and Soto, Rodrigo and Heisenberg, Carl Philipp and Concha, Miguel L.},
  issn         = {2050-084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  keywords     = {cell delamination, apical constriction, dragging, mechanical forces, collective 18 locomotion, dorsal forerunner cells, zebrafish},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{Apical contacts stemming from incomplete delamination guide progenitor cell allocation through a dragging mechanism}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.66483},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2021},
}