--- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19601' abstract: - lang: eng text: In land plants, the signalling molecule auxin profoundly controls growth and development, chiefly through a transcriptional response system. The auxin response is mediated by modulating the activity of DNA-binding auxin response factor (ARF) proteins. The concentrations and stoichiometry of the competing A- and B-class ARFs define cells’ capacity for auxin response. In the minimal auxin response system of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, both A- and B-ARFs are unstable, but the underlying mechanisms, developmental relevance and evolutionary history of this instability are unknown. Here we identify a minimal motif that is necessary for MpARF2 (B-class) degradation and show that it is critical for development and the auxin response. Through comparative analysis and motif swaps among all ARF classes in extant algae and land plants, we infer that the emergence of ARF instability probably occurred in the ancestor of the A- and B-ARF clades and, therefore, preceded or coincided with the origin of the auxin response system. acknowledgement: We thank S. Woudenberg, S. Valk and J. Rienstra for help and advice, A. Kuhn for comments on the paper and M. Prigge and M. Estelle for helpful discussions. This work was supported by a grant from Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; OCENW.M20.031 to J.W.B.), a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020 contract number to J.H.G.) and a research grant from the Human Frontiers Research Program (HFSP; grant RGP0015/2022 to D.W.). article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: Martijn full_name: De Roij, Martijn last_name: De Roij - first_name: Jorge full_name: Hernández García, Jorge last_name: Hernández García - first_name: Shubhajit full_name: Das, Shubhajit id: b08969a4-f2a5-11ed-b6c4-ff0f10b7d0be last_name: Das - first_name: Jan Willem full_name: Borst, Jan Willem last_name: Borst - first_name: Dolf full_name: Weijers, Dolf last_name: Weijers citation: ama: De Roij M, Hernández García J, Das S, Borst JW, Weijers D. ARF degradation defines a deeply conserved step in auxin response. Nature Plants. 2025;11:717-724. doi:10.1038/s41477-025-01975-1 apa: De Roij, M., Hernández García, J., Das, S., Borst, J. W., & Weijers, D. (2025). ARF degradation defines a deeply conserved step in auxin response. Nature Plants. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-01975-1 chicago: De Roij, Martijn, Jorge Hernández García, Shubhajit Das, Jan Willem Borst, and Dolf Weijers. “ARF Degradation Defines a Deeply Conserved Step in Auxin Response.” Nature Plants. Springer Nature, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-01975-1. ieee: M. De Roij, J. Hernández García, S. Das, J. W. Borst, and D. Weijers, “ARF degradation defines a deeply conserved step in auxin response,” Nature Plants, vol. 11. Springer Nature, pp. 717–724, 2025. ista: De Roij M, Hernández García J, Das S, Borst JW, Weijers D. 2025. ARF degradation defines a deeply conserved step in auxin response. Nature Plants. 11, 717–724. mla: De Roij, Martijn, et al. “ARF Degradation Defines a Deeply Conserved Step in Auxin Response.” Nature Plants, vol. 11, Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 717–24, doi:10.1038/s41477-025-01975-1. short: M. De Roij, J. Hernández García, S. Das, J.W. Borst, D. Weijers, Nature Plants 11 (2025) 717–724. date_created: 2025-04-20T22:01:28Z date_published: 2025-04-11T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T07:28:49Z day: '11' ddc: - '580' department: - _id: JiFr doi: 10.1038/s41477-025-01975-1 external_id: pmid: - '40216983' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 8225c1899bb2f39f9a1707cc0697a052 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-30T07:28:09Z date_updated: 2025-12-30T07:28:09Z file_id: '20882' file_name: 2025_NaturePlants_deRoij.pdf file_size: 7062474 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-30T07:28:09Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 11' language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 717-724 pmid: 1 publication: Nature Plants publication_identifier: eissn: - 2055-0278 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: ARF degradation defines a deeply conserved step in auxin response tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 11 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: repository OA_type: green _id: '10326' abstract: - lang: eng text: Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones that control shoot branching and communications between host plants and symbiotic fungi or root parasitic plants. Extensive studies have identified the key components participating in SL biosynthesis and signalling, whereas the catabolism or deactivation of endogenous SLs in planta remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 15 (AtCXE15) and its orthologues function as efficient hydrolases of SLs. We show that overexpression of AtCXE15 promotes shoot branching by dampening SL-inhibited axillary bud outgrowth. We further demonstrate that AtCXE15 could bind and efficiently hydrolyse SLs both in vitro and in planta. We also provide evidence that AtCXE15 is capable of catalysing hydrolysis of diverse SL analogues and that such CXE15-dependent catabolism of SLs is evolutionarily conserved in seed plants. These results disclose a catalytic mechanism underlying homoeostatic regulation of SLs in plants, which also provides a rational approach to spatial-temporally manipulate the endogenous SLs and thus architecture of crops and ornamental plants. acknowledgement: We thank J. Li (Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, China) for providing the at14-1, atmax2-1, atmax3-9, atmax4-1, atmax1-1, kai2-2 (Col-0 background) mutants and B. Xu for providing the complementary DNA of P. patens. We are grateful to L. Wang for assistance with MST, B. Han for assistance with UPLC–MS, J. Li for assistance with confocal microscopy and B. Mikael and J. Zhang for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y.H., XDB27030102) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (E.X., 31700253; Y.H., 31830055). article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Enjun full_name: Xu, Enjun last_name: Xu - first_name: Liang full_name: Chai, Liang last_name: Chai - first_name: Shiqi full_name: Zhang, Shiqi last_name: Zhang - first_name: Ruixue full_name: Yu, Ruixue last_name: Yu - first_name: Xixi full_name: Zhang, Xixi id: 61A66458-47E9-11EA-85BA-8AEAAF14E49A last_name: Zhang orcid: 0000-0001-7048-4627 - first_name: Chongyi full_name: Xu, Chongyi last_name: Xu - first_name: Yuxin full_name: Hu, Yuxin last_name: Hu citation: ama: Xu E, Chai L, Zhang S, et al. Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase. Nature Plants. 2021;7:1495–1504. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y apa: Xu, E., Chai, L., Zhang, S., Yu, R., Zhang, X., Xu, C., & Hu, Y. (2021). Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase. Nature Plants. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y chicago: Xu, Enjun, Liang Chai, Shiqi Zhang, Ruixue Yu, Xixi Zhang, Chongyi Xu, and Yuxin Hu. “Catabolism of Strigolactones by a Carboxylesterase.” Nature Plants. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y. ieee: E. Xu et al., “Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase,” Nature Plants, vol. 7. Springer Nature, pp. 1495–1504, 2021. ista: Xu E, Chai L, Zhang S, Yu R, Zhang X, Xu C, Hu Y. 2021. Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase. Nature Plants. 7, 1495–1504. mla: Xu, Enjun, et al. “Catabolism of Strigolactones by a Carboxylesterase.” Nature Plants, vol. 7, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 1495–1504, doi:10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y. short: E. Xu, L. Chai, S. Zhang, R. Yu, X. Zhang, C. Xu, Y. Hu, Nature Plants 7 (2021) 1495–1504. date_created: 2021-11-21T23:01:30Z date_published: 2021-11-11T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-01-21T12:42:52Z day: '11' ddc: - '580' department: - _id: JiFr doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-01011-y external_id: isi: - '000717408000002' pmid: - '34764442' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: d20231806bea67f0fd19e96a94a048f4 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-21T12:41:43Z date_updated: 2025-01-21T12:41:43Z file_id: '18864' file_name: Accepted version_Xu et al.,2021 Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase.pdf file_size: 41109943 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-21T12:41:43Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 7' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Submitted Version page: '1495–1504 ' pmid: 1 publication: Nature Plants publication_identifier: eissn: - 2055-0278 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 7 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '7600' abstract: - lang: eng text: Directional intercellular transport of the phytohormone auxin mediated by PIN FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers plays essential roles in both coordinating patterning processes and integrating multiple external cues by rapidly redirecting auxin fluxes. Multilevel regulations of PIN activity under internal and external cues are complicated; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that 3’-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase1 (PDK1), which is conserved in plants and mammals, functions as a molecular hub integrating the upstream lipid signalling and the downstream substrate activity through phosphorylation. Genetic analysis uncovers that loss-of-function Arabidopsis mutant pdk1.1 pdk1.2 exhibits a plethora of abnormalities in organogenesis and growth, due to the defective PIN-dependent auxin transport. Further cellular and biochemical analyses reveal that PDK1 phosphorylates D6 Protein Kinase to facilitate its activity towards PIN proteins. Our studies establish a lipid-dependent phosphorylation cascade connecting membrane composition-based cellular signalling with plant growth and patterning by regulating morphogenetic auxin fluxes. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: Bio - _id: LifeSc article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Shutang full_name: Tan, Shutang id: 2DE75584-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tan orcid: 0000-0002-0471-8285 - first_name: Xixi full_name: Zhang, Xixi id: 61A66458-47E9-11EA-85BA-8AEAAF14E49A last_name: Zhang orcid: 0000-0001-7048-4627 - first_name: Wei full_name: Kong, Wei last_name: Kong - first_name: Xiao-Li full_name: Yang, Xiao-Li last_name: Yang - first_name: Gergely full_name: Molnar, Gergely id: 34F1AF46-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Molnar - first_name: Zuzana full_name: Vondráková, Zuzana last_name: Vondráková - first_name: Roberta full_name: Filepová, Roberta last_name: Filepová - first_name: Jan full_name: Petrášek, Jan last_name: Petrášek - first_name: Jiří full_name: Friml, Jiří id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - first_name: Hong-Wei full_name: Xue, Hong-Wei last_name: Xue citation: ama: Tan S, Zhang X, Kong W, et al. The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. Nature Plants. 2020;6:556-569. doi:10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9 apa: Tan, S., Zhang, X., Kong, W., Yang, X.-L., Molnar, G., Vondráková, Z., … Xue, H.-W. (2020). The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. Nature Plants. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9 chicago: Tan, Shutang, Xixi Zhang, Wei Kong, Xiao-Li Yang, Gergely Molnar, Zuzana Vondráková, Roberta Filepová, Jan Petrášek, Jiří Friml, and Hong-Wei Xue. “The Lipid Code-Dependent Phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK Activates PIN-Mediated Auxin Efflux in Arabidopsis.” Nature Plants. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9. ieee: S. Tan et al., “The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis,” Nature Plants, vol. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 556–569, 2020. ista: Tan S, Zhang X, Kong W, Yang X-L, Molnar G, Vondráková Z, Filepová R, Petrášek J, Friml J, Xue H-W. 2020. The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis. Nature Plants. 6, 556–569. mla: Tan, Shutang, et al. “The Lipid Code-Dependent Phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK Activates PIN-Mediated Auxin Efflux in Arabidopsis.” Nature Plants, vol. 6, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 556–69, doi:10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9. short: S. Tan, X. Zhang, W. Kong, X.-L. Yang, G. Molnar, Z. Vondráková, R. Filepová, J. Petrášek, J. Friml, H.-W. Xue, Nature Plants 6 (2020) 556–569. date_created: 2020-03-21T16:34:16Z date_published: 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-02T11:50:26Z day: '01' department: - _id: JiFr doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-0648-9 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '000531787500006' pmid: - '32393881' intvolume: ' 6' isi: 1 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1101/755504 month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Preprint page: 556-569 pmid: 1 project: - _id: 261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '742985' name: Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants - _id: 256FEF10-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 grant_number: 723-2015 name: Molecular Mechanism underlying Salicylic Acid Regulation of Endocytic Trafficking in Arabidopsis publication: Nature Plants publication_identifier: eissn: - 2055-0278 publication_status: published publisher: Springer Nature quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: erratum url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0719-y scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The lipid code-dependent phosphoswitch PDK1–D6PK activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux in Arabidopsis type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 6 year: '2020' ...