@inbook{18734,
  abstract     = {In this Introduction, we outline expectations for when and how the hydrogen and helium atoms in the universe turned from neutral to ionized, focusing on the earliest, least well understood stages, and emphasize the most important open questions. We include a historical summary, and highlight the role of reionization as one of the few milestones in the evolution of the universe since the Big Bang, and its status as a unique probe of the beginning stages of structure formation.},
  author       = {Haiman, Zoltán},
  booktitle    = {Understanding the Epoch of Cosmic Reionization},
  editor       = {Mesinger, Andrei},
  isbn         = {9783319219561},
  issn         = {2214-7985},
  pages        = {1--22},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Cosmic Reionization and the First Nonlinear Structures in the Universe}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-319-21957-8_1},
  year         = {2015},
}

@inbook{18737,
  abstract     = {Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z = 6. These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first generation of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse of gas in rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without first fragmenting into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two competing scenarios, as well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also briefly discusses how the different models may be distinguished in the future by observations with JWST, LISA and other instruments.},
  author       = {Haiman, Zoltán},
  booktitle    = {The First Galaxies},
  editor       = {Wiklind, Tommy and Mobasher, Bahram and Brumm, Volker},
  isbn         = {9783642323614},
  issn         = {2214-7985},
  pages        = {293--341},
  publisher    = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
  title        = {{The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6},
  year         = {2012},
}