@article{14319, abstract = {We study multigraphs whose edge-sets are the union of three perfect matchings, M1, M2, and M3. Given such a graph G and any a1; a2; a3 2 N with a1 +a2 +a3 6 n - 2, we show there exists a matching M of G with jM \ Mij = ai for each i 2 f1; 2; 3g. The bound n - 2 in the theorem is best possible in general. We conjecture however that if G is bipartite, the same result holds with n - 2 replaced by n - 1. We give a construction that shows such a result would be tight. We also make a conjecture generalising the Ryser-Brualdi-Stein conjecture with colour multiplicities.}, author = {Anastos, Michael and Fabian, David and Müyesser, Alp and Szabó, Tibor}, issn = {1077-8926}, journal = {Electronic Journal of Combinatorics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Electronic Journal of Combinatorics}, title = {{Splitting matchings and the Ryser-Brualdi-Stein conjecture for multisets}}, doi = {10.37236/11714}, volume = {30}, year = {2023}, } @article{14320, abstract = {The development of two-dimensional materials has resulted in a diverse range of novel, high-quality compounds with increasing complexity. A key requirement for a comprehensive quantitative theory is the accurate determination of these materials' band structure parameters. However, this task is challenging due to the intricate band structures and the indirect nature of experimental probes. In this work, we introduce a general framework to derive band structure parameters from experimental data using deep neural networks. We applied our method to the penetration field capacitance measurement of trilayer graphene, an effective probe of its density of states. First, we demonstrate that a trained deep network gives accurate predictions for the penetration field capacitance as a function of tight-binding parameters. Next, we use the fast and accurate predictions from the trained network to automatically determine tight-binding parameters directly from experimental data, with extracted parameters being in a good agreement with values in the literature. We conclude by discussing potential applications of our method to other materials and experimental techniques beyond penetration field capacitance.}, author = {Henderson, Paul M and Ghazaryan, Areg and Zibrov, Alexander A. and Young, Andrea F. and Serbyn, Maksym}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Deep learning extraction of band structure parameters from density of states: A case study on trilayer graphene}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevb.108.125411}, volume = {108}, year = {2023}, } @article{14321, abstract = {We demonstrate the possibility of a coupling between the magnetization direction of a ferromagnet and the tilting angle of adsorbed achiral molecules. To illustrate the mechanism of the coupling, we analyze a minimal Stoner model that includes Rashba spin–orbit coupling due to the electric field on the surface of the ferromagnet. The proposed mechanism allows us to study magnetic anisotropy of the system with an extended Stoner–Wohlfarth model and argue that adsorbed achiral molecules can change magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the substrate. Our research aims to motivate further experimental studies of the current-free chirality induced spin selectivity effect involving both enantiomers.}, author = {Al Hyder, Ragheed and Cappellaro, Alberto and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Volosniev, Artem}, issn = {1089-7690}, journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics}, keywords = {Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy}, number = {10}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Achiral dipoles on a ferromagnet can affect its magnetization direction}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0165806}, volume = {159}, year = {2023}, } @article{14334, abstract = {Quantum kinetically constrained models have recently attracted significant attention due to their anomalous dynamics and thermalization. In this work, we introduce a hitherto unexplored family of kinetically constrained models featuring conserved particle number and strong inversion-symmetry breaking due to facilitated hopping. We demonstrate that these models provide a generic example of so-called quantum Hilbert space fragmentation, that is manifested in disconnected sectors in the Hilbert space that are not apparent in the computational basis. Quantum Hilbert space fragmentation leads to an exponential in system size number of eigenstates with exactly zero entanglement entropy across several bipartite cuts. These eigenstates can be probed dynamically using quenches from simple initial product states. In addition, we study the particle spreading under unitary dynamics launched from the domain wall state, and find faster than diffusive dynamics at high particle densities, that crosses over into logarithmically slow relaxation at smaller densities. Using a classically simulable cellular automaton, we reproduce the logarithmic dynamics observed in the quantum case. Our work suggests that particle conserving constrained models with inversion symmetry breaking realize so far unexplored dynamical behavior and invite their further theoretical and experimental studies.}, author = {Brighi, Pietro and Ljubotina, Marko and Serbyn, Maksym}, issn = {2542-4653}, journal = {SciPost Physics}, keywords = {General Physics and Astronomy}, number = {3}, publisher = {SciPost Foundation}, title = {{Hilbert space fragmentation and slow dynamics in particle-conserving quantum East models}}, doi = {10.21468/scipostphys.15.3.093}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, } @article{14339, abstract = {Lateral roots are typically maintained at non-vertical angles with respect to gravity. These gravitropic setpoint angles are intriguing because their maintenance requires that roots are able to effect growth response both with and against the gravity vector, a phenomenon previously attributed to gravitropism acting against an antigravitropic offset mechanism. Here we show how the components mediating gravitropism in the vertical primary root—PINs and phosphatases acting upon them—are reconfigured in their regulation such that lateral root growth at a range of angles can be maintained. We show that the ability of Arabidopsis lateral roots to bend both downward and upward requires the generation of auxin asymmetries and is driven by angle-dependent variation in downward gravitropic auxin flux acting against angle-independent upward, antigravitropic flux. Further, we demonstrate a symmetry in auxin distribution in lateral roots at gravitropic setpoint angle that can be traced back to a net, balanced polarization of PIN3 and PIN7 auxin transporters in the columella. These auxin fluxes are shifted by altering PIN protein phosphoregulation in the columella, either by introducing PIN3 phosphovariant versions or via manipulation of levels of the phosphatase subunit PP2A/RCN1. Finally, we show that auxin, in addition to driving lateral root directional growth, acts within the lateral root columella to induce more vertical growth by increasing RCN1 levels, causing a downward shift in PIN3 localization, thereby diminishing the magnitude of the upward, antigravitropic auxin flux.}, author = {Roychoudhry, S and Sageman-Furnas, K and Wolverton, C and Grones, Peter and Tan, Shutang and Molnar, Gergely and De Angelis, M and Goodman, HL and Capstaff, N and JPB, Lloyd and Mullen, J and Hangarter, R and Friml, Jiří and Kepinski, S}, issn = {2055-0278}, journal = {Nature Plants}, pages = {1500--1513}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Antigravitropic PIN polarization maintains non-vertical growth in lateral roots}}, doi = {10.1038/s41477-023-01478-x}, volume = {9}, year = {2023}, } @article{14341, abstract = {Flows through pipes and channels are, in practice, almost always turbulent, and the multiscale eddying motion is responsible for a major part of the encountered friction losses and pumping costs1. Conversely, for pulsatile flows, in particular for aortic blood flow, turbulence levels remain low despite relatively large peak velocities. For aortic blood flow, high turbulence levels are intolerable as they would damage the shear-sensitive endothelial cell layer2,3,4,5. Here we show that turbulence in ordinary pipe flow is diminished if the flow is driven in a pulsatile mode that incorporates all the key features of the cardiac waveform. At Reynolds numbers comparable to those of aortic blood flow, turbulence is largely inhibited, whereas at much higher speeds, the turbulent drag is reduced by more than 25%. This specific operation mode is more efficient when compared with steady driving, which is the present situation for virtually all fluid transport processes ranging from heating circuits to water, gas and oil pipelines.}, author = {Scarselli, Davide and Lopez Alonso, Jose M and Varshney, Atul and Hof, Björn}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7977}, pages = {71--74}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Turbulence suppression by cardiac-cycle-inspired driving of pipe flow}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-023-06399-5}, volume = {621}, year = {2023}, } @article{14342, abstract = {We propose a simple method to measure nonlinear Kerr refractive index in mid-infrared frequency range that avoids using sophisticated infrared detectors. Our approach is based on using a near-infrared probe beam which interacts with a mid-IR beam via wavelength-non-degenerate cross-phase modulation (XPM). By carefully measuring XPM-induced spectral modifications in the probe beam and comparing the experimental data with simulation results, we extract the value for the non-degenerate Kerr index. Finally, in order to obtain the value of degenerate mid-IR Kerr index, we use the well-established two-band formalism of Sheik-Bahae et al., which is shown to become particularly simple in the limit of low frequencies. The proposed technique is complementary to the conventional techniques, such as z-scan, and has the advantage of not requiring any mid-infrared detectors.}, author = {Lorenc, Dusan and Alpichshev, Zhanybek}, issn = {0003-6951}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {9}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Mid-infrared Kerr index evaluation via cross-phase modulation with a near-infrared probe beam}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0161713}, volume = {123}, year = {2023}, } @inproceedings{14344, abstract = {We study the Hamilton cycle problem with input a random graph G ~ G(n,p) in two different settings. In the first one, G is given to us in the form of randomly ordered adjacency lists while in the second one, we are given the adjacency matrix of G. In each of the two settings we derive a deterministic algorithm that w.h.p. either finds a Hamilton cycle or returns a certificate that such a cycle does not exist for p = p(n) ≥ 0. The running times of our algorithms are O(n) and respectively, each being best possible in its own setting.}, author = {Anastos, Michael}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms}, isbn = {9781611977554}, location = {Florence, Italy}, pages = {2286--2323}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Fast algorithms for solving the Hamilton cycle problem with high probability}}, doi = {10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch88}, volume = {2023}, year = {2023}, } @article{14361, abstract = {Whether one considers swarming insects, flocking birds, or bacterial colonies, collective motion arises from the coordination of individuals and entails the adjustment of their respective velocities. In particular, in close confinements, such as those encountered by dense cell populations during development or regeneration, collective migration can only arise coordinately. Yet, how individuals unify their velocities is often not understood. Focusing on a finite number of cells in circular confinements, we identify waves of polymerizing actin that function as a pacemaker governing the speed of individual cells. We show that the onset of collective motion coincides with the synchronization of the wave nucleation frequencies across the population. Employing a simpler and more readily accessible mechanical model system of active spheres, we identify the synchronization of the individuals’ internal oscillators as one of the essential requirements to reach the corresponding collective state. The mechanical ‘toy’ experiment illustrates that the global synchronous state is achieved by nearest neighbor coupling. We suggest by analogy that local coupling and the synchronization of actin waves are essential for the emergent, self-organized motion of cell collectives.}, author = {Riedl, Michael and Mayer, Isabelle D and Merrin, Jack and Sixt, Michael K and Hof, Björn}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Synchronization in collectively moving inanimate and living active matter}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41432-1}, volume = {14}, year = {2023}, } @article{14362, abstract = {Motivated by recent applications to entropy theory in dynamical systems, we generalise notions introduced by Matthews and define weakly weighted and componentwise weakly weighted (generalised) quasi-metrics. We then systematise and extend to full generality the correspondences between these objects and other structures arising in theoretical computer science and dynamics. In particular, we study the correspondences with weak partial metrics and, if the underlying space is a semilattice, with invariant (generalised) quasi-metrics satisfying the descending path condition, and with strictly monotone semi(-co-)valuations. We conclude discussing, for endomorphisms of generalised quasi-metric semilattices, a generalisation of both the known intrinsic semilattice entropy and the semigroup entropy.}, author = {Castellano, Ilaria and Giordano Bruno, Anna and Zava, Nicolò}, issn = {0304-3975}, journal = {Theoretical Computer Science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Weakly weighted generalised quasi-metric spaces and semilattices}}, doi = {10.1016/j.tcs.2023.114129}, volume = {977}, year = {2023}, } @article{14363, abstract = {Mitochondrial networks remodel their connectivity, content, and subcellular localization to support optimized energy production in conditions of increased environmental or cellular stress. Microglia rely on mitochondria to respond to these stressors, however our knowledge about mitochondrial networks and their adaptations in microglia in vivo is limited. Here, we generate a mouse model that selectively labels mitochondria in microglia. We identify that mitochondrial networks are more fragmented with increased content and perinuclear localization in vitro vs. in vivo. Mitochondrial networks adapt similarly in microglia closest to the injury site after optic nerve crush. Preventing microglial UCP2 increase after injury by selective knockout induces cellular stress. This results in mitochondrial hyperfusion in male microglia, a phenotype absent in females due to circulating estrogens. Our results establish the foundation for mitochondrial network analysis of microglia in vivo, emphasizing the importance of mitochondrial-based sex effects of microglia in other pathologies.}, author = {Maes, Margaret E and Colombo, Gloria and Schoot Uiterkamp, Florianne E and Sternberg, Felix and Venturino, Alessandro and Pohl, Elena E. and Siegert, Sandra}, issn = {2589-0042}, journal = {iScience}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Mitochondrial network adaptations of microglia reveal sex-specific stress response after injury and UCP2 knockout}}, doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2023.107780}, volume = {26}, year = {2023}, } @article{14364, abstract = {We introduce extension-based proofs, a class of impossibility proofs that includes valency arguments. They are modelled as an interaction between a prover and a protocol. Using proofs based on combinatorial topology, it has been shown that it is impossible to deterministically solve -set agreement among processes or approximate agreement on a cycle of length 4 among processes in a wait-free manner in asynchronous models where processes communicate using objects that can be constructed from shared registers. However, it was unknown whether proofs based on simpler techniques were possible. We show that these impossibility results cannot be obtained by extension-based proofs in the iterated snapshot model and, hence, extension-based proofs are limited in power.}, author = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Aspnes, James and Ellen, Faith and Gelashvili, Rati and Zhu, Leqi}, issn = {1095-7111}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Computing}, number = {4}, pages = {913--944}, publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}, title = {{Why extension-based proofs fail}}, doi = {10.1137/20M1375851}, volume = {52}, year = {2023}, } @article{14378, abstract = {Branching morphogenesis is a ubiquitous process that gives rise to high exchange surfaces in the vasculature and epithelial organs. Lymphatic capillaries form branched networks, which play a key role in the circulation of tissue fluid and immune cells. Although mouse models and correlative patient data indicate that the lymphatic capillary density directly correlates with functional output, i.e., tissue fluid drainage and trafficking efficiency of dendritic cells, the mechanisms ensuring efficient tissue coverage remain poorly understood. Here, we use the mouse ear pinna lymphatic vessel network as a model system and combine lineage-tracing, genetic perturbations, whole-organ reconstructions and theoretical modeling to show that the dermal lymphatic capillaries tile space in an optimal, space-filling manner. This coverage is achieved by two complementary mechanisms: initial tissue invasion provides a non-optimal global scaffold via self-organized branching morphogenesis, while VEGF-C dependent side-branching from existing capillaries rapidly optimizes local coverage by directionally targeting low-density regions. With these two ingredients, we show that a minimal biophysical model can reproduce quantitatively whole-network reconstructions, across development and perturbations. Our results show that lymphatic capillary networks can exploit local self-organizing mechanisms to achieve tissue-scale optimization.}, author = {Ucar, Mehmet C and Hannezo, Edouard B and Tiilikainen, Emmi and Liaqat, Inam and Jakobsson, Emma and Nurmi, Harri and Vaahtomeri, Kari}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Self-organized and directed branching results in optimal coverage in developing dermal lymphatic networks}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41456-7}, volume = {14}, year = {2023}, } @article{14379, abstract = {We report on a simple surfactant/template free chemical route for the synthesis of semi-polycrystalline polyaniline-graphite (SPani-graphite) composite and its application as an electroactive material in electrochemical charge storage. The synthesized material exhibits well-defined poly-crystallographic lattices in high resolution transmission electron micrographs and sharp peaks in x-ray diffraction spectra suggesting crystalline nature of the material. The specific capacitance computed from the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) data obtained from 3-electrode cell configuration using 1 M aq. Na2SO4 as an electrolyte was 111.4 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 which rises to 269 F g−1 at an elevated current density of 1.0 A g−1. A similar pattern of increase in the specific capacitance values with an increase in the current density was observed in the results obtained from 2-electrode symmetric device configuration using polymer gel electrolyte (xanthan gum in 1 M aq. Na2SO4). The specific capacitance computed from the GCD data obtained from the device configuration was 20 F g−1 at the current density of 1.0 A g−1. The device delivers an energy density of 1.7 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 2.48 kWh kg−1 at an applied current density of 0.5 A g−1 suggesting an excellent rate capability and power management. In addition, the device exhibits ⁓92 % specific capacitance retention up to 8000 continuous GCD cycles and ⁓80 % coulombic efficiency up to 10,000 continuous GCD cycles indicating excellent cycling stability. The unique feature of increasing specific capacitance with respect to applied current density is attributed to the presence of semi-polycrystalline phases in the SPani-graphite matrix. The material behaves as a surface redox supercapacitor and its unique mechanism of charge storage is discussed in detail in the article.}, author = {Mahato, Neelima and Singh, Saurabh and Faisal, Mohammad and Sreekanth, T. V.M. and Majumder, Sutripto and Yoo, Kisoo and Kim, Jonghoon}, issn = {0379-6779}, journal = {Synthetic Metals}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Polycrystalline phases grown in-situ engendering unique mechanism of charge storage in polyaniline-graphite composite}}, doi = {10.1016/j.synthmet.2023.117463}, volume = {299}, year = {2023}, } @article{14401, abstract = {Background: Pro-apoptotic BAX is a central mediator of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after optic nerve damage. BAX activation occurs in two stages including translocation of latent BAX to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and then permeabilization of the MOM to facilitate the release of apoptotic signaling molecules. As a critical component of RGC death, BAX is an attractive target for neuroprotective therapies and an understanding of the kinetics of BAX activation and the mechanisms controlling the two stages of this process in RGCs is potentially valuable in informing the development of a neuroprotective strategy. Methods: The kinetics of BAX translocation were assessed by both static and live-cell imaging of a GFP-BAX fusion protein introduced into RGCs using AAV2-mediated gene transfer in mice. Activation of BAX was achieved using an acute optic nerve crush (ONC) protocol. Live-cell imaging of GFP-BAX was achieved using explants of mouse retina harvested 7 days after ONC. Kinetics of translocation in RGCs were compared to GFP-BAX translocation in 661W tissue culture cells. Permeabilization of GFP-BAX was assessed by staining with the 6A7 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a conformational change in this protein after MOM insertion. Assessment of individual kinases associated with both stages of activation was made using small molecule inhibitors injected into the vitreous either independently or in concert with ONC surgery. The contribution of the Dual Leucine Zipper-JUN-N-Terminal Kinase cascade was evaluated using mice with a double conditional knock-out of both Mkk4 and Mkk7. Results: ONC induces the translocation of GFP-BAX in RGCs at a slower rate and with less intracellular synchronicity than 661W cells, but exhibits less variability among mitochondrial foci within a single cell. GFP-BAX was also found to translocate in all compartments of an RGC including the dendritic arbor and axon. Approximately 6% of translocating RGCs exhibited retrotranslocation of BAX immediately following translocation. Unlike tissue culture cells, which exhibit simultaneous translocation and permeabilization, RGCs exhibited a significant delay between these two stages, similar to detached cells undergoing anoikis. Translocation, with minimal permeabilization could be induced in a subset of RGCs using an inhibitor of Focal Adhesion Kinase (PF573228). Permeabilization after ONC, in a majority of RGCs, could be inhibited with a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor (sunitinib) or a selective inhibitor for p38/MAPK14 (SB203580). Intervention of DLK-JNK axis signaling abrogated GFP-BAX translocation after ONC. Conclusions: A comparison between BAX activation kinetics in tissue culture cells and in cells of a complex tissue environment shows distinct differences indicating that caution should be used when translating findings from one condition to the other. RGCs exhibit both a delay between translocation and permeabilization and the ability for translocated BAX to be retrotranslocated, suggesting several stages at which intervention of the activation process could be exploited in the design of a therapeutic strategy.}, author = {Maes, Margaret E and Donahue, Ryan J. and Schlamp, Cassandra L. and Marola, Olivia J. and Libby, Richard T. and Nickells, Robert W.}, issn = {1750-1326}, journal = {Molecular Neurodegeneration}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{BAX activation in mouse retinal ganglion cells occurs in two temporally and mechanistically distinct steps}}, doi = {10.1186/s13024-023-00659-8}, volume = {18}, year = {2023}, } @article{14402, abstract = {Alpha oscillations are a distinctive feature of the awake resting state of the human brain. However, their functional role in resting-state neuronal dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we show that, during resting wakefulness, alpha oscillations drive an alternation of attenuation and amplification bouts in neural activity. Our analysis indicates that inhibition is activated in pulses that last for a single alpha cycle and gradually suppress neural activity, while excitation is successively enhanced over a few alpha cycles to amplify neural activity. Furthermore, we show that long-term alpha amplitude fluctuations—the “waxing and waning” phenomenon—are an attenuation-amplification mechanism described by a power-law decay of the activity rate in the “waning” phase. Importantly, we do not observe such dynamics during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with marginal alpha oscillations. The results suggest that alpha oscillations modulate neural activity not only through pulses of inhibition (pulsed inhibition hypothesis) but also by timely enhancement of excitation (or disinhibition).}, author = {Lombardi, Fabrizio and Herrmann, Hans J. and Parrino, Liborio and Plenz, Dietmar and Scarpetta, Silvia and Vaudano, Anna Elisabetta and De Arcangelis, Lucilla and Shriki, Oren}, issn = {2211-1247}, journal = {Cell Reports}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state}}, doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162}, volume = {42}, year = {2023}, } @article{14404, abstract = {A light-triggered fabrication method extends the functionality of printable nanomaterials}, author = {Balazs, Daniel and Ibáñez, Maria}, issn = {1095-9203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6665}, pages = {1413--1414}, publisher = {AAAS}, title = {{Widening the use of 3D printing}}, doi = {10.1126/science.adk3070}, volume = {381}, year = {2023}, } @inproceedings{14405, abstract = {We introduce hypernode automata as a new specification formalism for hyperproperties of concurrent systems. They are finite automata with nodes labeled with hypernode logic formulas and transitions labeled with actions. A hypernode logic formula specifies relations between sequences of variable values in different system executions. Unlike HyperLTL, hypernode logic takes an asynchronous view on execution traces by constraining the values and the order of value changes of each variable without correlating the timing of the changes. Different execution traces are synchronized solely through the transitions of hypernode automata. Hypernode automata naturally combine asynchronicity at the node level with synchronicity at the transition level. We show that the model-checking problem for hypernode automata is decidable over action-labeled Kripke structures, whose actions induce transitions of the specification automata. For this reason, hypernode automaton is a suitable formalism for specifying and verifying asynchronous hyperproperties, such as declassifying observational determinism in multi-threaded programs.}, author = {Bartocci, Ezio and Henzinger, Thomas A and Nickovic, Dejan and Oliveira da Costa, Ana}, booktitle = {34th International Conference on Concurrency Theory}, isbn = {9783959772990}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Antwerp, Belgium}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Hypernode automata}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2023.21}, volume = {279}, year = {2023}, } @article{14406, abstract = {Recently, a concept of generalized multifractality, which characterizes fluctuations and correlations of critical eigenstates, was introduced and explored for all 10 symmetry classes of disordered systems. Here, by using the nonlinear sigma-model ( NL σ M ) field theory, we extend the theory of generalized multifractality to boundaries of systems at criticality. Our numerical simulations on two-dimensional systems of symmetry classes A, C, and AII fully confirm the analytical predictions of pure-scaling observables and Weyl symmetry relations between critical exponents of surface generalized multifractality. This demonstrates the validity of the NL σ M for the description of Anderson-localization critical phenomena, not only in the bulk but also on the boundary. The critical exponents strongly violate generalized parabolicity, in analogy with earlier results for the bulk, corroborating the conclusion that the considered Anderson-localization critical points are not described by conformal field theories. We further derive relations between generalized surface multifractal spectra and linear combinations of Lyapunov exponents of a strip in quasi-one-dimensional geometry, which hold under the assumption of invariance with respect to a logarithmic conformal map. Our numerics demonstrate that these relations hold with an excellent accuracy. Taken together, our results indicate an intriguing situation: the conformal invariance is broken but holds partially at critical points of Anderson localization.}, author = {Babkin, Serafim and Karcher, Jonas F. and Burmistrov, Igor S. and Mirlin, Alexander D.}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Generalized surface multifractality in two-dimensional disordered systems}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.108.104205}, volume = {108}, year = {2023}, } @article{14409, abstract = {We present a photon- and metal-free approach for the radical fluorination of aliphatic oxalate-activated alcohols. The method relies on the spontaneous generation of the N-(chloromethyl)triethylenediamine radical dication, a potent single electron oxidant, from Selectfluor and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. The protocol is easily scalable and provides the desired fluorinated products within only a few minutes reaction time.}, author = {Baunis, Haralds and Pieber, Bartholomäus}, issn = {1099-0690}, journal = {European Journal of Organic Chemistry}, number = {42}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Formal radical deoxyfluorination of oxalate-activated alcohols triggered by the selectfluor-DMAP charge-transfer complex}}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.202300769}, volume = {26}, year = {2023}, }