@article{6786, abstract = {Dipolar coupling plays a fundamental role in the interaction between electrically or magnetically polarized species such as magnetic atoms and dipolar molecules in a gas or dipolar excitons in the solid state. Unlike Coulomb or contactlike interactions found in many atomic, molecular, and condensed-matter systems, this interaction is long-ranged and highly anisotropic, as it changes from repulsive to attractive depending on the relative positions and orientation of the dipoles. Because of this unique property, many exotic, symmetry-breaking collective states have been recently predicted for cold dipolar gases, but only a few have been experimentally detected and only in dilute atomic dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. Here, we report on the first observation of attractive dipolar coupling between excitonic dipoles using a new design of stacked semiconductor bilayers. We show that the presence of a dipolar exciton fluid in one bilayer modifies the spatial distribution and increases the binding energy of excitonic dipoles in a vertically remote layer. The binding energy changes are explained using a many-body polaron model describing the deformation of the exciton cloud due to its interaction with a remote dipolar exciton. The surprising nonmonotonic dependence on the cloud density indicates the important role of dipolar correlations, which is unique to dense, strongly interacting dipolar solid-state systems. Our concept provides a route for the realization of dipolar lattices with strong anisotropic interactions in semiconductor systems, which open the way for the observation of theoretically predicted new and exotic collective phases, as well as for engineering and sensing their collective excitations.}, author = {Hubert, Colin and Baruchi, Yifat and Mazuz-Harpaz, Yotam and Cohen, Kobi and Biermann, Klaus and Lemeshko, Mikhail and West, Ken and Pfeiffer, Loren and Rapaport, Ronen and Santos, Paulo}, issn = {2160-3308}, journal = {Physical Review X}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Attractive dipolar coupling between stacked exciton fluids}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevX.9.021026}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, } @article{6788, abstract = {We consider the Nelson model with ultraviolet cutoff, which describes the interaction between non-relativistic particles and a positive or zero mass quantized scalar field. We take the non-relativistic particles to obey Fermi statistics and discuss the time evolution in a mean-field limit of many fermions. In this case, the limit is known to be also a semiclassical limit. We prove convergence in terms of reduced density matrices of the many-body state to a tensor product of a Slater determinant with semiclassical structure and a coherent state, which evolve according to a fermionic version of the Schrödinger–Klein–Gordon equations.}, author = {Leopold, Nikolai K and Petrat, Sören P}, issn = {1424-0661}, journal = {Annales Henri Poincare}, number = {10}, pages = {3471–3508}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Mean-field dynamics for the Nelson model with fermions}}, doi = {10.1007/s00023-019-00828-w}, volume = {20}, year = {2019}, } @article{6793, abstract = {The Regge symmetry is a set of remarkable relations between two tetrahedra whose edge lengths are related in a simple fashion. It was first discovered as a consequence of an asymptotic formula in mathematical physics. Here, we give a simple geometric proof of Regge symmetries in Euclidean, spherical, and hyperbolic geometry.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Izmestiev, Ivan}, issn = {1469-2120}, journal = {Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society}, number = {5}, pages = {765--775}, publisher = {London Mathematical Society}, title = {{The Regge symmetry, confocal conics, and the Schläfli formula}}, doi = {10.1112/blms.12276}, volume = {51}, year = {2019}, } @article{6818, abstract = {Indigoidine is a blue natural pigment, which can be efficiently synthetized in E. coli. In addition to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities indigoidine due to its stability and deep blue color can find an application as an industrial, environmentally friendly dye. Moreover, similarly to its counterpart regular indigo dye, due to its molecular structure, indigoidine is an organic semiconductor. Fully conjugated aromatic moiety and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of indigoidine result in an unusually narrow bandgap for such a small molecule. This, in its turn, result is tight molecular packing in the solid state and opens a path for a wide range of application in organic and bio-electronics, such as electrochemical and field effect transistors, organic solar cells, light and bio-sensors etc.}, author = {Yumusak, Cigdem and Prochazkova, Anna Jancik and Apaydin, Dogukan H and Seelajaroen, Hathaichanok and Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar and Weiter, Martin and Krajcovic, Jozef and Qin, Yong and Zhang, Wei and Zhan, Jixun and Kovalenko, Alexander}, issn = {0143-7208}, journal = {Dyes and Pigments}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Indigoidine - Biosynthesized organic semiconductor}}, doi = {10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107768}, volume = {171}, year = {2019}, } @article{6819, abstract = {Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) and its commercial herbicide formulations have been shown to exert toxicity via various mechanisms. It has been asserted that glyphosate substitutes for glycine in polypeptide chains leading to protein misfolding and toxicity. However, as no direct evidence exists for glycine to glyphosate substitution in proteins, including in mammalian organisms, we tested this claim by conducting a proteomics analysis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells grown in the presence of 100 mg/L glyphosate for 6 days. Protein extracts from three treated and three untreated cell cultures were analysed as one TMT-6plex labelled sample, to highlight a specific pattern (+/+/+/−/−/−) of reporter intensities for peptides bearing true glyphosate treatment induced-post translational modifications as well as allowing an investigation of the total proteome.}, author = {Antoniou, Michael N. and Nicolas, Armel and Mesnage, Robin and Biserni, Martina and Rao, Francesco V. and Martin, Cristina Vazquez}, issn = {1756-0500}, journal = {BMC Research Notes}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, title = {{Glyphosate does not substitute for glycine in proteins of actively dividing mammalian cells}}, doi = {10.1186/s13104-019-4534-3}, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, } @article{6821, abstract = {To determine the visual sensitivities of an organism of interest, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) is often used to quantify expression of the light‐sensitive opsins in the retina. While qRT–PCR is an affordable, high‐throughput method for measuring expression, it comes with inherent normalization issues that affect the interpretation of results, especially as opsin expression can vary greatly based on developmental stage, light environment or diurnal cycles. We tested for diurnal cycles of opsin expression over a period of 24 hr at 1‐hr increments and examined how normalization affects a data set with fluctuating expression levels using qRT–PCR and transcriptome data from the retinae of the cichlid Pelmatolapia mariae. We compared five methods of normalizing opsin expression relative to (a) the average of three stably expressed housekeeping genes (Ube2z, EF1‐α and β‐actin), (b) total RNA concentration, (c) GNAT2, (the cone‐specific subunit of transducin), (d) total opsin expression and (e) only opsins expressed in the same cone type. Normalizing by proportion of cone type produced the least variation and would be best for removing time‐of‐day variation. In contrast, normalizing by housekeeping genes produced the highest daily variation in expression and demonstrated that the peak of cone opsin expression was in the late afternoon. A weighted correlation network analysis showed that the expression of different cone opsins follows a very similar daily cycle. With the knowledge of how these normalization methods affect opsin expression data, we make recommendations for designing sampling approaches and quantification methods based upon the scientific question being examined.}, author = {Yourick, Miranda R. and Sandkam, Benjamin A. and Gammerdinger, William J and Escobar-Camacho, Daniel and Nandamuri, Sri Pratima and Clark, Frances E. and Joyce, Brendan and Conte, Matthew A. and Kocher, Thomas D. and Carleton, Karen L.}, issn = {1755-0998}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, number = {6}, pages = {1447--1460}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Diurnal variation in opsin expression and common housekeeping genes necessitates comprehensive normalization methods for quantitative real-time PCR analyses}}, doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13062}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6822, abstract = {In two-player games on graphs, the players move a token through a graph to produce an infinite path, which determines the qualitative winner or quantitative payoff of the game. In bidding games, in each turn, we hold an auction between the two players to determine which player moves the token. Bidding games have largely been studied with concrete bidding mechanisms that are variants of a first-price auction: in each turn both players simultaneously submit bids, the higher bidder moves the token, and pays his bid to the lower bidder in Richman bidding, to the bank in poorman bidding, and in taxman bidding, the bid is split between the other player and the bank according to a predefined constant factor. Bidding games are deterministic games. They have an intriguing connection with a fragment of stochastic games called randomturn games. We study, for the first time, a combination of bidding games with probabilistic behavior; namely, we study bidding games that are played on Markov decision processes, where the players bid for the right to choose the next action, which determines the probability distribution according to which the next vertex is chosen. We study parity and meanpayoff bidding games on MDPs and extend results from the deterministic bidding setting to the probabilistic one.}, author = {Avni, Guy and Henzinger, Thomas A and Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus and Novotny, Petr}, booktitle = { Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of Reachability Problems}, isbn = {978-303030805-6}, issn = {0302-9743}, location = {Brussels, Belgium}, pages = {1--12}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Bidding games on Markov decision processes}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30806-3_1}, volume = {11674}, year = {2019}, } @article{6824, abstract = {Platelets are small anucleate cellular fragments that are released by megakaryocytes and safeguard vascular integrity through a process termed ‘haemostasis’. However, platelets have important roles beyond haemostasis as they contribute to the initiation and coordination of intravascular immune responses. They continuously monitor blood vessel integrity and tightly coordinate vascular trafficking and functions of multiple cell types. In this way platelets act as ‘patrolling officers of the vascular highway’ that help to establish effective immune responses to infections and cancer. Here we discuss the distinct biological features of platelets that allow them to shape immune responses to pathogens and tumour cells, highlighting the parallels between these responses.}, author = {Gärtner, Florian R and Massberg, Steffen}, issn = {1474-1741}, journal = {Nature Reviews Immunology}, number = {12}, pages = {747–760}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Patrolling the vascular borders: Platelets in immunity to infection and cancer}}, doi = {10.1038/s41577-019-0202-z}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, } @article{6828, abstract = {In this paper we construct a family of exact functors from the category of Whittaker modules of the simple complex Lie algebra of type to the category of finite-dimensional modules of the graded affine Hecke algebra of type . Using results of Backelin [2] and of Arakawa-Suzuki [1], we prove that these functors map standard modules to standard modules (or zero) and simple modules to simple modules (or zero). Moreover, we show that each simple module of the graded affine Hecke algebra appears as the image of a simple Whittaker module. Since the Whittaker category contains the BGG category as a full subcategory, our results generalize results of Arakawa-Suzuki [1], which in turn generalize Schur-Weyl duality between finite-dimensional representations of and representations of the symmetric group .}, author = {Brown, Adam}, issn = {0021-8693}, journal = {Journal of Algebra}, pages = {261--289}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Arakawa-Suzuki functors for Whittaker modules}}, doi = {10.1016/j.jalgebra.2019.07.027}, volume = {538}, year = {2019}, } @article{6832, abstract = {Steady-state turnover is a hallmark of epithelial tissues throughout adult life. Intestinal epithelial turnover is marked by continuous cell migration, which is assumed to be driven by mitotic pressure from the crypts. However, the balance of forces in renewal remains ill-defined. Combining biophysical modeling and quantitative three-dimensional tissue imaging with genetic and physical manipulations, we revealed the existence of an actin-related protein 2/3 complex–dependent active migratory force, which explains quantitatively the profiles of cell speed, density, and tissue tension along the villi. Cells migrate collectively with minimal rearrangements while displaying dual—apicobasal and front-back—polarity characterized by actin-rich basal protrusions oriented in the direction of migration. We propose that active migration is a critical component of gut epithelial turnover.}, author = {Krndija, Denis and Marjou, Fatima El and Guirao, Boris and Richon, Sophie and Leroy, Olivier and Bellaiche, Yohanns and Hannezo, Edouard B and Vignjevic, Danijela Matic}, journal = {Science}, number = {6454}, pages = {705--710}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{Active cell migration is critical for steady-state epithelial turnover in the gut}}, doi = {10.1126/science.aau3429}, volume = {365}, year = {2019}, } @article{6835, abstract = {We derive the Hasse principle and weak approximation for fibrations of certain varieties in the spirit of work by Colliot-Thélène–Sansuc and Harpaz–Skorobogatov–Wittenberg. Our varieties are defined through polynomials in many variables and part of our work is devoted to establishing Schinzel's hypothesis for polynomials of this kind. This last part is achieved by using arguments behind Birch's well-known result regarding the Hasse principle for complete intersections with the notable difference that we prove our result in 50% fewer variables than in the classical Birch setting. We also study the problem of square-free values of an integer polynomial with 66.6% fewer variables than in the Birch setting.}, author = {Destagnol, Kevin N and Sofos, Efthymios}, issn = {0007-4497}, journal = {Bulletin des Sciences Mathematiques}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Rational points and prime values of polynomials in moderately many variables}}, doi = {10.1016/j.bulsci.2019.102794}, volume = {156}, year = {2019}, } @article{6836, abstract = {Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for the evolution of cooperation on the basis of repeated interactions1,2,3,4. It requires that interacting individuals are sufficiently equal, such that everyone faces similar consequences when they cooperate or defect. Yet inequality is ubiquitous among humans5,6 and is generally considered to undermine cooperation and welfare7,8,9,10. Most previous models of reciprocity do not include inequality11,12,13,14,15. These models assume that individuals are the same in all relevant aspects. Here we introduce a general framework to study direct reciprocity among unequal individuals. Our model allows for multiple sources of inequality. Subjects can differ in their endowments, their productivities and in how much they benefit from public goods. We find that extreme inequality prevents cooperation. But if subjects differ in productivity, some endowment inequality can be necessary for cooperation to prevail. Our mathematical predictions are supported by a behavioural experiment in which we vary the endowments and productivities of the subjects. We observe that overall welfare is maximized when the two sources of heterogeneity are aligned, such that more productive individuals receive higher endowments. By contrast, when endowments and productivities are misaligned, cooperation quickly breaks down. Our findings have implications for policy-makers concerned with equity, efficiency and the provisioning of public goods.}, author = {Hauser, Oliver P. and Hilbe, Christian and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Nowak, Martin A.}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7770}, pages = {524--527}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Social dilemmas among unequals}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5}, volume = {572}, year = {2019}, } @article{6837, abstract = {Migrasomes are a recently discovered type of extracellular vesicles that are characteristically generated along retraction fibers in migrating cells. Two studies now show how migrasomes are formed and how they function in the physiologically relevant context of the developing zebrafish embryo.}, author = {Tavano, Ste and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J}, issn = {1476-4679}, journal = {Nature Cell Biology}, number = {8}, pages = {918--920}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Migrasomes take center stage}}, doi = {10.1038/s41556-019-0369-3}, volume = {21}, year = {2019}, } @article{6840, abstract = {We discuss thermodynamic properties of harmonically trapped imperfect quantum gases. The spatial inhomogeneity of these systems imposes a redefinition of the mean-field interparticle potential energy as compared to the homogeneous case. In our approach, it takes the form a 2N2 ωd, where N is the number of particles, ω—the harmonic trap frequency, d—system’s dimensionality, and a is a parameter characterizing the interparticle interaction. We provide arguments that this model corresponds to the limiting case of a long-ranged interparticle potential of vanishingly small amplitude. This conclusion is drawn from a computation similar to the well-known Kac scaling procedure, which is presented here in a form adapted to the case of an isotropic harmonic trap. We show that within the model, the imperfect gas of trapped repulsive bosons undergoes the Bose–Einstein condensation provided d > 1. The main result of our analysis is that in d = 1 the gas of attractive imperfect fermions with a = −aF < 0 is thermodynamically equivalent to the gas of repulsive bosons with a = aB > 0 provided the parameters aF and aB fulfill the relation aB + aF = . This result supplements similar recent conclusion about thermodynamic equivalence of two-dimensional (2D) uniform imperfect repulsive Bose and attractive Fermi gases.}, author = {Mysliwy, Krzysztof and Napiórkowski, Marek}, issn = {1742-5468}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment}, number = {6}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Thermodynamics of inhomogeneous imperfect quantum gases in harmonic traps}}, doi = {10.1088/1742-5468/ab190d}, volume = {2019}, year = {2019}, } @article{6843, abstract = {The aim of this short paper is to offer a complete characterization of all (not necessarily surjective) isometric embeddings of the Wasserstein space Wp(X), where S is a countable discrete metric space and 0