@inproceedings{21474, abstract = {Rendering novel, relit views of a human head, given a monocular portrait image as input, is an inherently underconstrained problem. The traditional graphics solution is to explicitly decompose the input image into geometry, material and lighting via differentiable rendering; but this is constrained by the multiple assumptions and approximations of the underlying models and parameterizations of these scene components. We propose 3DPR, an image-based relighting model that leverages generative priors learnt from multi-view One-Light-at-A-Time (OLAT) images captured in a light stage. We introduce a new diverse and large-scale multi-view 4K OLAT dataset of 139 subjects to learn a high-quality prior over the distribution of high-frequency face reflectance. We leverage the latent space of a pre-trained generative head model that provides a rich prior over face geometry learnt from in-the-wild image datasets. The input portrait is first embedded in the latent manifold of such a model through an encoder-based inversion process. Then a novel triplane-based reflectance network trained on our lightstage data is used to synthesize high-fidelity OLAT images to enable image-based relighting. Our reflectance network operates in the latent space of the generative head model, crucially enabling a relatively small number of lightstage images to train the reflectance model. Combining the generated OLATs according to a given HDRI environment maps yields physically accurate environmental relighting results. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluations, we demonstrate that 3DPR outperforms previous methods, particularly in preserving identity and in capturing lighting effects such as specularities, self-shadows, and subsurface scattering.}, author = {Rao, Pramod and Meka, Abhimitra and Zhou, Xilong and Fox, Gereon and Mallikarjun, B. R. and Zhan, Fangneng and Weyrich, Tim and Bickel, Bernd and Pfister, Hanspeter and Matusik, Wojciech and Beeler, Thabo and Elgharib, Mohamed and Habermann, Marc and Theobalt, Christian}, booktitle = {Proceedings SIGGRAPH Asia 2025 Conference Papers 2025}, isbn = {9798400721373}, location = {Hong Kong, Hong Kong}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{3DPR: Single image 3D portrait relighting with generative priors}}, doi = {10.1145/3757377.3763962}, year = {2025}, } @misc{21668, abstract = {This artifact allows to review and reproduce the experiments from the paper *A Revised Practitioner's Guide to MDP Model Checking Algorithms*. The package contains all original logfiles and derived data used to generate the plots as in the paper. Furthermore, the artifact contains the model checking tools `Storm` and `mcsta` in the version exercised in the paper, the used Docker container, as well as benchmark instances and execution scripts to reproduce the experiments. See also the artifact of the conference paper: https://zenodo.org/records/7509474}, author = {Hartmanns, Arnd and Junges, Sebastian and Quatmann, Tim and Weininger, Maximilian}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Benchmark data for the revised practitioner's guide to MDP model checking algorithms}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.14500423}, year = {2025}, } @article{21706, abstract = {Consider a quadratic polynomial Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) of independent Rademacher random variables ξ1, . . . , ξn. To what extent can Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) concentrate on a single value? This quadratic version of the classical Littlewood–Offord problem was popularised by Costello, Tao and Vu in their study of symmetric random matrices. In this paper, we obtain an essentially optimal bound for this problem, as conjectured by Nguyen and Vu. Specifically, if Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) ‘robustly depends on at least m of the ξi’ in the sense that there is no way to pin down the value of Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) by fixing values for fewer than m of the variables ξi, then we have Pr[Q(ξ1, . . . , ξn) = 0] ≤ O(1/√m). This also implies a similar result in the case where ξ1, . . . , ξn have arbitrary distributions. Our proof combines a number of ideas that may be of independent interest, including an inductive decoupling scheme that reduces quadratic anticoncentration problems to high-dimensional linear anticoncentration problems. Also, one application of our main result is the resolution of a conjecture of Alon, Hefetz, Krivelevich and Tyomkyn related to graph inducibility. }, author = {Kwan, Matthew Alan and Sauermann, Lisa}, issn = {1570-5846}, journal = {Compositio Mathematica}, number = {12}, pages = {3089--3139}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Resolution of the quadratic Littlewood–Offord problem}}, doi = {10.1112/S0010437X25102789}, volume = {161}, year = {2025}, } @article{21724, abstract = {The next generation of weak-gravitational-lensing surveys has the potential to place stringent constraints on cosmological parameters. However, their analysis is limited by systematics such as the intrinsic alignments of galaxies, which alter weak-lensing convergence and can lead to biases in cosmological parameter estimations. For the first time, in this work, we investigate the impact of intrinsic alignments on non-Gaussian statistics of the weak-lensing field using galaxy shapes derived from the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulation. We create two catalogs of ray-traced convergence maps: one that includes the measured intrinsic shape of each galaxy and another where all galaxies are randomly rotated to eliminate intrinsic alignments. We compare a range of weak-lensing statistics between the two catalogs, including the shear–shear correlation function, the map-level angular power spectrum, one-point, peak count, and minimum distribution functions, and Minkowski functionals. For each statistic, we assess the level of statistical distinguishability between catalogs for a set of future survey angular areas. Our results reveal strong small-scale correlation in the alignment of galaxies and statistically significant boosts in weak-lensing convergence in both positive and negative directions for high-significance peaks and minima, respectively. We note that our analysis is at a fixed number density of ˜ 5 arcmin^-2, drawn from a single realization of initial conditions, and does not include observational uncertainties or supersample covariance contributions. Weak-lensing analyses utilizing non-Gaussian statistics must account for intrinsic alignments to avoid significantly compromised cosmological inferences.}, author = {Lee, Max E. and Haiman, Zoltán and Pandey, Shivam and Genel, Shy}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{The effect of intrinsic alignments on weak-lensing statistics in hydrodynamical simulations}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae1ca7}, volume = {996}, year = {2025}, } @article{21727, abstract = {We present a comprehensive analysis of the MIRI Extremely Red Object Virgil, a Lyα emitter at zspec = 6.6379 ± 0.0035 with the photometric properties of a Little Red Dot. Leveraging new JWST/MIRI imaging from the MIDIS and PAHSPECS programs, we confirm Virgil’s extraordinary nature among galaxies in JADES/GOODS-South, exhibiting a strikingly red NIRCam-to-MIRI color (F444W–F1500W = 2.84 ± 0.04 mag). Deep NIRSpec/PRISM spectroscopy from the OASIS program offers key insights into the host galaxy, revealing properties of an average star-forming galaxy during Cosmic Reionization, such as a subsolar metallicity, low-to-moderate dust content, and a relatively high ionization parameter and electron temperature. By estimating the star formation rate of Virgil from UV and Hα, we find evidence that the galaxy is either entering or fading out of a bursty episode. Although line-ratio diagnostics employed at high z would classify Virgil as an active galactic nucleus (AGN), this classification becomes ambiguous once redshift evolution is considered. Nonetheless, Virgil occupies the same parameter space as recently confirmed AGNs at similar redshifts. The new deep MIRI data at 15 μm reinforce the AGN nature of Virgil, as inferred from multiple spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. Virgil’s rising infrared SED and UV excess resemble those of Dust-Obscured Galaxies (DOGs) studied with Spitzer at Cosmic Noon, particularly blue-excess HotDOGs. Our results highlight the need for a multiwavelength approach incorporating MIRI to uncover such extreme sources at z ≳ 6 and to shed light on the interplay between galaxy evolution and early black hole growth during Cosmic Reionization.}, author = {Rinaldi, Pierluigi and Pérez-González, Pablo G. and Rieke, George H. and Lyu, Jianwei and D’Eugenio, Francesco and Wu, Zihao and Carniani, Stefano and Looser, Tobias J. and Shivaei, Irene and Boogaard, Leindert A. and Diaz-Santos, Tanio and Colina, Luis and Östlin, Göran and Alberts, Stacey and Álvarez-Márquez, Javier and Annuziatella, Marianna and Aravena, Manuel and Bhatawdekar, Rachana and Bunker, Andrew J. and Caputi, Karina I. and Charlot, Stéphane and Crespo Gómez, Alejandro and Curti, Mirko and Eckart, Andreas and Gillman, Steven and Hainline, Kevin and Kumari, Nimisha and Hjorth, Jens and Iani, Edoardo and Inami, Hanae and Ji, Zhiyuan and Johnson, Benjamin D. and Jones, Gareth C. and Labiano, Álvaro and Maiolino, Roberto and Melinder, Jens and Moutard, Thibaud and Peissker, Florian and Rieke, Marcia and Robertson, Brant and Scholtz, Jan and Tacchella, Sandro and Van Der Werf, Paul P. and Walter, Fabian and Williams, Christina C. and Willott, Chris and Witstok, Joris and Übler, Hannah and Zhu, Yongda}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Deciphering the nature of Virgil: An obscured active galactic nucleus lurking within an apparently normal Lyα emitter during cosmic reionization}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ae089c}, volume = {994}, year = {2025}, } @inproceedings{21885, abstract = {Symbolic datatypes have proved to be central for automated reasoning about dynamical systems. In its basic form, a symbolic datatype for a class of dynamical systems supports the representation of state and transition sets, boolean operations and emptiness checks on such sets, and the transformation of a state set by a transition set. Successful examples of symbolic datatypes include BDDs and SAT for reasoning about finitestate systems, as well as polyhedra and SMT for reasoning about discrete dynamical systems over multidimensional realvalued state spaces. Most automated verification engines are based on such symbolic datatypes.}, author = {Henzinger, Thomas A}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing}, issn = {2470-881X}, location = {Timisoara, Romania}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Neural Certificates}}, doi = {10.1109/SYNASC69064.2025.00008}, year = {2025}, } @unpublished{21920, abstract = {Vertebrates display remarkable diversity of sensorimotor behaviors, each adapted to distinct ecological and survival demands. This diversity raises fundamental questions about the evolutionary origin of motor control: do conserved spinal circuits underlie these behaviors, and how have they diverged across species. Recent studies detail spinal cell-type architecture in mammals but comparable, high-resolution atlases of the non-mammalian spinal cord are lacking. Here, we compare spinal cord cell types between fish, frogs, mice and humans, spanning ∼450 million years of evolution. Across species, we define highly conserved programs of cell type specification that segregate spinal neurons into nearly identical cardinal classes during development. This contrasts with adult stages, when spinal cell-type composition selectively diverges for excitatory neuron subpopulations. Using spatial transcriptomics, we localize this species divergence to the superficial, dorsal spinal cord, where variant neuropeptide expression defines mammalian-specific cell types. The most dorsal spinal cord thus emerges as a recently evolved hub for sensory integration in mammals, a neospinal cord analogous to the neocortex.}, author = {Ignatyev, Yuri and Papadopoulos, Stavros and Soretić, Mateja and Yeung, Jake and Lin, Tzi-Yang and Tanaka, Elly M and Peshkin, Leonid and Levine, Ariel J and Gabitto, Mariano I and Sweeney, Lora Beatrice Jaeger}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, title = {{Innovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolution}}, doi = {10.1101/2025.10.09.680955}, year = {2025}, } @article{14647, abstract = {In the developing vertebrate central nervous system, neurons and glia typically arise sequentially from common progenitors. Here, we report that the transcription factor Forkhead Box G1 (Foxg1) regulates gliogenesis in the mouse neocortex via distinct cell-autonomous roles in progenitors and postmitotic neurons that regulate different aspects of the gliogenic FGF signalling pathway. We demonstrate that loss of Foxg1 in cortical progenitors at neurogenic stages causes premature astrogliogenesis. We identify a novel FOXG1 target, the pro-gliogenic FGF pathway component Fgfr3, which is suppressed by FOXG1 cell-autonomously to maintain neurogenesis. Furthermore, FOXG1 can also suppress premature astrogliogenesis triggered by the augmentation of FGF signalling. We identify a second novel function of FOXG1 in regulating the expression of gliogenic cues in newborn neocortical upper-layer neurons. Loss of FOXG1 in postmitotic neurons non-autonomously enhances gliogenesis in the progenitors via FGF signalling. These results fit well with the model that newborn neurons secrete cues that trigger progenitors to produce the next wave of cell types, astrocytes. If FGF signalling is attenuated in Foxg1 null progenitors, they progress to oligodendrocyte production. Therefore, loss of FOXG1 transitions the progenitor to a gliogenic state, producing either astrocytes or oligodendrocytes depending on FGF signalling levels. Our results uncover how FOXG1 integrates extrinsic signalling via the FGF pathway to regulate the sequential generation of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex. }, author = {Bose, Mahima and Suresh, Varun and Mishra, Urvi and Talwar, Ishita and Yadav, Anuradha and Biswas, Shiona and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Tole, Shubha}, issn = {2050-084X}, journal = {eLife}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Dual role of FOXG1 in regulating gliogenesis in the developing neocortex via the FGF signalling pathway}}, doi = {10.7554/elife.101851.3}, volume = {13}, year = {2025}, } @article{15121, abstract = {We present an auction algorithm using multiplicative instead of constant weight updates to compute a (1-E)-approximate maximum weight matching (MWM) in a bipartite graph with n vertices and m edges in time 0(mE-1), beating the running time of the fastest known approximation algorithm of Duan and Pettie [JACM ’14] that runs in 0(mE-1 log E-1). Our algorithm is very simple and it can be extended to give a dynamic data structure that maintains a (1-E)-approximate maximum weight matching under (1) one-sided vertex deletions (with incident edges) and (2) one-sided vertex insertions (with incident edges sorted by weight) to the other side. The total time time used is 0(mE-1), where m is the sum of the number of initially existing and inserted edges.}, author = {Zheng, Da Wei and Henzinger, Monika H}, issn = {1436-4646}, journal = {Mathematical Programming}, pages = {881--894}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Multiplicative auction algorithm for approximate maximum weight bipartite matching}}, doi = {10.1007/s10107-024-02066-3}, volume = {210}, year = {2025}, } @article{15128, abstract = {We prove a universal mesoscopic central limit theorem for linear eigenvalue statistics of a Wigner-type matrix inside the bulk of the spectrum with compactly supported twice continuously differentiable test functions. The main novel ingredient is an optimal local law for the two-point function $T(z,\zeta)$ and a general class of related quantities involving two resolvents at nearby spectral parameters.}, author = {Riabov, Volodymyr}, issn = {0246-0203}, journal = {Annales de l'institut Henri Poincare (B) Probability and Statistics}, number = {1}, pages = {129--154}, publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{Mesoscopic eigenvalue statistics for Wigner-type matrices}}, doi = {10.1214/23-AIHP1438}, volume = {61}, year = {2025}, } @article{17094, abstract = {Contract-based design is a promising methodology for taming the complexity of developing sophisticated systems. A formal contract distinguishes between assumptions, which are constraints that the designer of a component puts on the environments in which the component can be used safely, and guarantees, which are promises that the designer asks from the team that implements the component. A theory of formal contracts can be formalized as an interface theory, which supports the composition and refinement of both assumptions and guarantees. Although there is a rich landscape of contract-based design methods that address functional and extra-functional properties, we present the first interface theory designed to ensure system-wide security properties. Our framework provides a refinement relation and a composition operation that support both incremental design and independent implementability. We develop our theory for both stateless and stateful interfaces. Additionally, we introduce information-flow contracts where assumptions and guarantees are sets of flow relations. We use these contracts to illustrate how to enrich information-flow interfaces with a semantic view. We illustrate the applicability of our framework with two examples inspired by the automotive domain.}, author = {Bartocci, Ezio and Ferrere, Thomas and Henzinger, Thomas A and Nickovic, Dejan and Oliveira da Costa, Ana}, issn = {1572-8102}, journal = {Formal Methods in System Design}, pages = {3--48}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Information-flow interfaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s10703-024-00447-0}, volume = {66}, year = {2025}, } @article{17149, abstract = {The approximation of a circle with the edges of a fine square grid distorts the perimeter by a factor about 4/Pi. We prove that this factor is the same on average (in the ergodic sense) for approximations of any rectifiable curve by the edges of any non-exotic Delaunay mosaic (known as Voronoi path), and extend the results to all dimensions, generalizing Voronoi paths to Voronoi scapes.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Nikitenko, Anton}, issn = {1432-0444}, journal = {Discrete & Computational Geometry}, pages = {490--499}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Average and expected distortion of Voronoi paths and scapes}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-024-00660-y}, volume = {73}, year = {2025}, } @article{18449, abstract = {Research involving human subjects or identifiable human material and data must be assessed by an ethics committee. The Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences has established a Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity to evaluate medical research conducted by its faculty and students and at its affiliated hospitals. All projects submitted to the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed regarding their major characteristics, the duration of the evaluation process, and votes issued. A total of 520 applications were electronically submitted during the observation period. Most of the studies were retrospective data analyses in the field of oncology, psychology and surgery. Most studies included less than 100 volunteers. Of the applications 50% received a final vote within 5 months, during which several revision rounds took place. Overall, about 77% of votes issued during the observation period were positive and 2% were rejections. In 11% files were closed due to withdrawal. In 11% final votes were pending at the end of the observation period due to requests for revisions. Our results emphasize the importance of institutional ethics committees using the example of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity at the Karl Landsteiner University. Such committees fill a gap in evaluating research not covered by Austrian legal regulations. Continuous development of standards, operating procedures, and national and international collaborations are required to assess and minimize risks to trial subjects and to provide a safe and productive environment for research in human medicine and related fields.}, author = {Schober, Sophie and Klee, Sascha and Trautinger, Franz}, issn = {1613-7671}, journal = {Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift}, pages = {432--437}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The role of institutional ethics committees in Austria: Report of the Commission on Ethics and Scientific Integrity of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences 2018–2023}}, doi = {10.1007/s00508-024-02462-x}, volume = {137}, year = {2025}, } @article{18478, abstract = {For a given graph G=(V,E), we define its \emph{nth subdivision} as the graph obtained from G by replacing every edge by a path of length n. We also define the \emph{mth power} of G as the graph on vertex set V where we connect every pair of vertices at distance at most m in G. In this paper, we study the chromatic number of powers of subdivisions of graphs and resolve the case m=n asymptotically. In particular, our result confirms a conjecture of Mozafari-Nia and Iradmusa in the case m=n=3 in a strong sense.}, author = {Anastos, Michael and Boyadzhiyska, Simona and Rathke, Silas and Rué, Juanjo}, issn = {0166-218X}, journal = {Discrete Applied Mathematics}, pages = {506--511}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{On the chromatic number of powers of subdivisions of graphs}}, doi = {10.1016/j.dam.2024.10.002}, volume = {360}, year = {2025}, } @article{18529, abstract = {Temporal networks are obtained from time-dependent interactions among individuals, whereas the interactions can be emails, phone calls, face-to-face meetings, or work collaboration. In this article, a temporal game framework is established, in which interactions among rational individuals are embedded into two-player games in a time-dependent manner. This allows studying the time-dependent complexity and variability of interactions, and the way they affect prosocial behaviors. Based on this simple mathematical model, it is found that the level of cooperation is promoted when the time of collaboration is equally limited for every individual. This observation is confirmed by a series of systematic human experiments on over 1,400 subjects, forming a foundation for comprehensively describing human temporal interactions in collaboration. The research results reveal an important incentive for human cooperation, leading to a better understanding of a fascinating aspect of human nature in society.}, author = {Zhang, Yichao and Wang, Jiasheng and Wen, Guanghui and Guan, Jihong and Zhou, Shuigeng and Chen, Guanrong and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Perc, Matjaz}, issn = {2327-4697}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering}, number = {1}, pages = {4--12}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Limitation of time promotes cooperation in structured collaboration systems}}, doi = {10.1109/TNSE.2024.3481434}, volume = {12}, year = {2025}, } @article{18558, abstract = {The current investigation presents a facile and cost-effective sol-gel approach for the synthesis of phase-pure multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles (BFO NPs) by using propylene glycol as a complexing agent, intended for use as a photocatalyst to efficiently degrade organic dyes in aqueous solutions under natural sunlight. Characterization techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), elucidated a plausible reaction pathway for the formation of phase-pure BFO NPs. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data, in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the synthesis of single-phase BFO NPs at 400 °C, displaying a space group of R3c and an average crystallite size of 25 nm. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed an absorption cut-off wavelength near 590 nm, corresponding to a band gap of 2.08 eV, indicating the capability of BFO NPs to absorb visible light within the 400–590 nm range. BFO NPs have shown efficient and rapid photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions under natural sunlight. This is attributed to the intrinsic ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering present in synthesized BFO NPs which facilitates the separation and migration of photoinduced charges through band bending phenomena at the interface.}, author = {Verma, Madhu and Kumar, Ajay and Thakur, Vijay Kumar and Maurya, Akanksha and Kumar, Sachin and Singh, Saurabh and Srivastav, Simant Kumar}, issn = {1573-4846}, journal = {Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology}, pages = {356--373}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Efficient and rapid sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles}}, doi = {10.1007/s10971-024-06607-2}, volume = {113}, year = {2025}, } @article{18580, abstract = {Motivated by the study of recurrent orbits and dynamics within a Morse set of a Morse decomposition we introduce the concept of Morse predecomposition of an isolated invariant set within the setting of both combinatorial and classical dynamical systems. While Morse decomposition summarizes solely the gradient part of a dynamical system, the developed generalization extends to the recurrent component as well. In particular, a chain recurrent set, which is indecomposable in terms of Morse decomposition, can be represented more finely in the Morse predecomposition framework. This generalization is achieved by forgoing the poset structure inherent to Morse decomposition and relaxing the notion of connection between Morse sets (elements of Morse decomposition) in favor of what we term ’links’. We prove that a Morse decomposition is a special case of Morse predecomposition indexed by a poset. Additionally, we show how a Morse predecomposition may be condensed back to retrieve a Morse decomposition.}, author = {Lipiński, Michał and Mischaikow, Konstantin and Mrozek, Marian}, issn = {1662-3592}, journal = {Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Morse predecomposition of an invariant set}}, doi = {10.1007/s12346-024-01144-3}, volume = {24}, year = {2025}, } @article{18605, abstract = {The response of clouds and moist-convective processes to heat loss to space by long-wave radiative cooling is an important feedback in the Earth's atmosphere. It is known that moist convection increases roughly in equilibrium with radiative cooling, an assumption often made in simplified models of the tropical atmosphere. In this study, we use an idealised two-dimensional model of the atmosphere introduced by Vallis et. al. and incorporate a bulk-cooling term, which is an idealisation of radiative cooling in the atmosphere. We comment briefly on the static stability of the system to dry and moist convection and characteris its moist convective response to changes in the bulk cooling. We find that, while the clear-sky regions of the model respond directly to the change in the cooling term, the regions dominated by moist convective plumes are insensitive to changes in cooling. Similar to previous findings from cloud-resolving models, we too find in our idealised setting that the majority of the increase in convection occurs via an increase in the areal coverage of convection, rather than its intensity. We argue that these small-scale convective processes are an upper bound on how quickly convective intensity can change to stay in equilibrium with radiative cooling.}, author = {Agasthya, Lokahith N and Muller, Caroline J and Cheve, Mathis}, issn = {1477-870X}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, number = {766}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Moist convective scaling: Insights from an idealised model}}, doi = {10.1002/qj.4902}, volume = {151}, year = {2025}, } @article{18619, abstract = {Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal phytohormones indispensable for plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. The export of bioactive BRs to the apoplast is essential for BR signalling initiation, which requires binding of BR molecule to the extracellular domains of the plasma membrane-localized receptor complex. We have previously shown that the Arabidopsis thaliana ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCB19, functions as a BR exporter, and together with its close homologue, ABCB1, positively regulate BR signalling. Here, we demonstrate that ABCB1 is another BR transporter. The ATP hydrolysis activity of ABCB1 was stimulated by bioactive BRs, and its transport activity was confirmed in proteoliposomes and protoplasts. Structures of ABCB1 in substrate-unbound (apo), brassinolide (BL)-bound, and ATP plus BL-bound states were determined. In the BL-bound structure, BL was bound to the hydrophobic cavity formed by the transmembrane domain, and triggered local conformational changes. Together, our data provide additional insights into the ABC transporter-mediated BR export.}, author = {Wei, H and Zhu, H and Ying, W and Janssens, H and Kvasnica, M and Winne, JM and Gao, Y and Friml, Jiří and Ma, Q and Tan, S and Liu, X and Russinova, E and Sun, L}, issn = {2590-3462}, journal = {Plant Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Structural insights into brassinosteroid export mediated by the Arabidopsis ABC transporter ABCB1}}, doi = {10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101181}, volume = {6}, year = {2025}, } @article{18626, abstract = {The local angle property of the (order-1) Delaunay triangulations of a generic set in R2 asserts that the sum of two angles opposite a common edge is less than π. This paper extends this property to higher order and uses it to generalize two classic properties from order-1 to order-2: (1) among the complete level-2 hypertriangulations of a generic point set in R2, the order-2 Delaunay triangulation lexicographically maximizes the sorted angle vector; (2) among the maximal level-2 hypertriangulations of a generic point set in R2, the order-2 Delaunay triangulation is the only one that has the local angle property. We also use our method of establishing (2) to give a new short proof of the angle vector optimality for the (order-1) Delaunay triangulation. For order-1, both properties have been instrumental in numerous applications of Delaunay triangulations, and we expect that their generalization will make order-2 Delaunay triangulations more attractive to applications as well.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Garber, Alexey and Saghafian, Morteza}, issn = {1090-2082}, journal = {Advances in Mathematics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Order-2 Delaunay triangulations optimize angles}}, doi = {10.1016/j.aim.2024.110055}, volume = {461}, year = {2025}, }