@article{8402, abstract = {Background: The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a central role in energy metabolism by transporting pyruvate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its heterodimeric composition and homology to SWEET and semiSWEET transporters set the MPC apart from the canonical mitochondrial carrier family (named MCF or SLC25). The import of the canonical carriers is mediated by the carrier translocase of the inner membrane (TIM22) pathway and is dependent on their structure, which features an even number of transmembrane segments and both termini in the intermembrane space. The import pathway of MPC proteins has not been elucidated. The odd number of transmembrane segments and positioning of the N-terminus in the matrix argues against an import via the TIM22 carrier pathway but favors an import via the flexible presequence pathway. Results: Here, we systematically analyzed the import pathways of Mpc2 and Mpc3 and report that, contrary to an expected import via the flexible presequence pathway, yeast MPC proteins with an odd number of transmembrane segments and matrix-exposed N-terminus are imported by the carrier pathway, using the receptor Tom70, small TIM chaperones, and the TIM22 complex. The TIM9·10 complex chaperones MPC proteins through the mitochondrial intermembrane space using conserved hydrophobic motifs that are also required for the interaction with canonical carrier proteins. Conclusions: The carrier pathway can import paired and non-paired transmembrane helices and translocate N-termini to either side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, revealing an unexpected versatility of the mitochondrial import pathway for non-cleavable inner membrane proteins.}, author = {Rampelt, Heike and Sucec, Iva and Bersch, Beate and Horten, Patrick and Perschil, Inge and Martinou, Jean-Claude and van der Laan, Martin and Wiedemann, Nils and Schanda, Paul and Pfanner, Nikolaus}, issn = {1741-7007}, journal = {BMC Biology}, keywords = {Biotechnology, Plant Science, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology, Cell Biology, Physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Structural Biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The mitochondrial carrier pathway transports non-canonical substrates with an odd number of transmembrane segments}}, doi = {10.1186/s12915-019-0733-6}, volume = {18}, year = {2020}, } @article{8568, abstract = {Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential candidate to improve sustainability and performance of current battery and supercapacitor technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine, and polyiodide species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species are elusive. Here we show that electrochemical oxidation of iodide in nanoporous carbons forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In situ Raman confirms the reversible formation of triiodide and pentaiodide. In situ SAXS/WAXS indicates remarkable amounts of solid iodine deposited in the carbon nanopores. Combined with stochastic modeling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism, we demonstrate strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge, applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.}, author = {Prehal, Christian and Fitzek, Harald and Kothleitner, Gerald and Presser, Volker and Gollas, Bernhard and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Abbas, Qamar}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Persistent and reversible solid iodine electrodeposition in nanoporous carbons}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18610-6}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8973, abstract = {We consider the symmetric simple exclusion process in Zd with quenched bounded dynamic random conductances and prove its hydrodynamic limit in path space. The main tool is the connection, due to the self-duality of the process, between the invariance principle for single particles starting from all points and the macroscopic behavior of the density field. While the hydrodynamic limit at fixed macroscopic times is obtained via a generalization to the time-inhomogeneous context of the strategy introduced in [41], in order to prove tightness for the sequence of empirical density fields we develop a new criterion based on the notion of uniform conditional stochastic continuity, following [50]. In conclusion, we show that uniform elliptic dynamic conductances provide an example of environments in which the so-called arbitrary starting point invariance principle may be derived from the invariance principle of a single particle starting from the origin. Therefore, our hydrodynamics result applies to the examples of quenched environments considered in, e.g., [1], [3], [6] in combination with the hypothesis of uniform ellipticity.}, author = {Redig, Frank and Saada, Ellen and Sau, Federico}, issn = {1083-6489}, journal = {Electronic Journal of Probability}, publisher = { Institute of Mathematical Statistics}, title = {{Symmetric simple exclusion process in dynamic environment: Hydrodynamics}}, doi = {10.1214/20-EJP536}, volume = {25}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{9040, abstract = {Machine learning and formal methods have complimentary benefits and drawbacks. In this work, we address the controller-design problem with a combination of techniques from both fields. The use of black-box neural networks in deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) poses a challenge for such a combination. Instead of reasoning formally about the output of deep RL, which we call the wizard, we extract from it a decision-tree based model, which we refer to as the magic book. Using the extracted model as an intermediary, we are able to handle problems that are infeasible for either deep RL or formal methods by themselves. First, we suggest, for the first time, a synthesis procedure that is based on a magic book. We synthesize a stand-alone correct-by-design controller that enjoys the favorable performance of RL. Second, we incorporate a magic book in a bounded model checking (BMC) procedure. BMC allows us to find numerous traces of the plant under the control of the wizard, which a user can use to increase the trustworthiness of the wizard and direct further training.}, author = {Alamdari, Par Alizadeh and Avni, Guy and Henzinger, Thomas A and Lukina, Anna}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design}, isbn = {9783854480426}, issn = {2708-7824}, location = {Online Conference}, pages = {138--147}, publisher = {TU Wien Academic Press}, title = {{Formal methods with a touch of magic}}, doi = {10.34727/2020/isbn.978-3-85448-042-6_21}, year = {2020}, } @article{7207, abstract = {The hippocampus plays key roles in learning and memory and is a main target of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which causes progressive memory impairments. Despite numerous investigations about the processes required for the normal hippocampal functions, the neurotransmitter receptors involved in the synaptic deficits by which AD disables the hippocampus are not yet characterized. By combining histoblots, western blots, immunohistochemistry and high‐resolution immunoelectron microscopic methods for GABAB receptors, this study provides a quantitative description of the expression and the subcellular localization of GABAB1 in the hippocampus in a mouse model of AD at 1, 6 and 12 months of age. Western blots and histoblots showed that the total amount of protein and the laminar expression pattern of GABAB1 were similar in APP/PS1 mice and in age‐matched wild‐type mice. In contrast, immunoelectron microscopic techniques showed that the subcellular localization of GABAB1 subunit did not change significantly in APP/PS1 mice at 1 month of age, was significantly reduced in the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of CA1 pyramidal cells at 6 months of age and significantly reduced at the membrane surface of CA1 pyramidal cells at 12 months of age. This reduction of plasma membrane GABAB1 was paralleled by a significant increase of the subunit at the intracellular sites. We further observed a decrease of membrane‐targeted GABAB receptors in axon terminals contacting CA1 pyramidal cells. Our data demonstrate compartment‐ and age‐dependent reduction of plasma membrane‐targeted GABAB receptors in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, suggesting that this decrease might be enough to alter the GABAB‐mediated synaptic transmission taking place in AD.}, author = {Martín-Belmonte, Alejandro and Aguado, Carolina and Alfaro-Ruíz, Rocío and Moreno-Martínez, Ana Esther and De La Ossa, Luis and Martínez-Hernández, José and Buisson, Alain and Früh, Simon and Bettler, Bernhard and Shigemoto, Ryuichi and Fukazawa, Yugo and Luján, Rafael}, issn = {1750-3639}, journal = {Brain Pathology}, number = {3}, pages = {554--575}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Reduction in the neuronal surface of post and presynaptic GABA>B< receptors in the hippocampus in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease}}, doi = {10.1111/bpa.12802}, volume = {30}, year = {2020}, } @book{7474, abstract = {This booklet is a collection of abstracts presented at the AHPC conference.}, editor = {Schlögl, Alois and Kiss, Janos and Elefante, Stefano}, isbn = {978-3-99078-004-6}, location = {Klosterneuburg, Austria}, pages = {72}, publisher = {IST Austria}, title = {{Austrian High-Performance-Computing meeting (AHPC2020)}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7474}, year = {2020}, } @article{7632, abstract = {The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal motor areas comprise a cortical network supporting goal-directed behaviour, with functions including sensorimotor transformations and decision making. In primates, this network links performed and observed actions via mirror neurons, which fire both when individuals perform an action and when they observe the same action performed by a conspecific. Mirror neurons are believed to be important for social learning, but it is not known whether mirror-like neurons occur in similar networks in other social species, such as rodents, or if they can be measured in such models using paradigms where observers passively view a demonstrator. Therefore, we imaged Ca2+ responses in PPC and secondary motor cortex (M2) while mice performed and observed pellet-reaching and wheel-running tasks, and found that cell populations in both areas robustly encoded several naturalistic behaviours. However, neural responses to the same set of observed actions were absent, although we verified that observer mice were attentive to performers and that PPC neurons responded reliably to visual cues. Statistical modelling also indicated that executed actions outperformed observed actions in predicting neural responses. These results raise the possibility that sensorimotor action recognition in rodents could take place outside of the parieto-frontal circuit, and underscore that detecting socially-driven neural coding depends critically on the species and behavioural paradigm used.}, author = {Tombaz, Tuce and Dunn, Benjamin A. and Hovde, Karoline and Cubero, Ryan J and Mimica, Bartul and Mamidanna, Pranav and Roudi, Yasser and Whitlock, Jonathan R.}, issn = {2045-2322}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Action representation in the mouse parieto-frontal network}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-62089-6}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, } @misc{9885, abstract = {Data obtained from the fine-grained simulations used in Figures 2-5, data obtained from the coarse-grained numerical calculations used in Figure 6, and a sample script for the fine-grained simulation as a Jupyter notebook (ZIP)}, author = {Ucar, Mehmet C and Lipowsky, Reinhard}, publisher = {American Chemical Society }, title = {{MURL_Dataz}}, doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04445.s002}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8571, abstract = {We present the results of a friendly competition for formal verification of continuous and hybrid systems with nonlinear continuous dynamics. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2020. This year, 6 tools Ariadne, CORA, DynIbex, Flow*, Isabelle/HOL, and JuliaReach (in alphabetic order) participated. These tools are applied to solve reachability analysis problems on six benchmark problems, two of them featuring hybrid dynamics. We do not rank the tools based on the results, but show the current status and discover the potential advantages of different tools.}, author = {Geretti, Luca and Alexandre Dit Sandretto, Julien and Althoff, Matthias and Benet, Luis and Chapoutot, Alexandre and Chen, Xin and Collins, Pieter and Forets, Marcelo and Freire, Daniel and Immler, Fabian and Kochdumper, Niklas and Sanders, David and Schilling, Christian}, booktitle = {EPiC Series in Computing}, pages = {49--75}, publisher = {EasyChair}, title = {{ARCH-COMP20 Category Report: Continuous and hybrid systems with nonlinear dynamics}}, doi = {10.29007/zkf6}, volume = {74}, year = {2020}, } @article{7161, abstract = {In this paper, we introduce an inertial projection-type method with different updating strategies for solving quasi-variational inequalities with strongly monotone and Lipschitz continuous operators in real Hilbert spaces. Under standard assumptions, we establish different strong convergence results for the proposed algorithm. Primary numerical experiments demonstrate the potential applicability of our scheme compared with some related methods in the literature.}, author = {Shehu, Yekini and Gibali, Aviv and Sagratella, Simone}, issn = {1573-2878}, journal = {Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications}, pages = {877–894}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Inertial projection-type methods for solving quasi-variational inequalities in real Hilbert spaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s10957-019-01616-6}, volume = {184}, year = {2020}, } @article{11505, abstract = {Contact. This paper presents the results obtained with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the ESO Very Large Telescope on the faint end of the Lyman-alpha luminosity function (LF) based on deep observations of four lensing clusters. The goal of our project is to set strong constraints on the relative contribution of the Lyman-alpha emitter (LAE) population to cosmic reionization. Aims. The precise aim of the present study is to further constrain the abundance of LAEs by taking advantage of the magnification provided by lensing clusters to build a blindly selected sample of galaxies which is less biased than current blank field samples in redshift and luminosity. By construction, this sample of LAEs is complementary to those built from deep blank fields, whether observed by MUSE or by other facilities, and makes it possible to determine the shape of the LF at fainter levels, as well as its evolution with redshift. Methods. We selected a sample of 156 LAEs with redshifts between 2.9 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 and magnification-corrected luminosities in the range 39 ≲ log LLyα [erg s−1] ≲43. To properly take into account the individual differences in detection conditions between the LAEs when computing the LF, including lensing configurations, and spatial and spectral morphologies, the non-parametric 1/Vmax method was adopted. The price to pay to benefit from magnification is a reduction of the effective volume of the survey, together with a more complex analysis procedure to properly determine the effective volume Vmax for each galaxy. In this paper we present a complete procedure for the determination of the LF based on IFU detections in lensing clusters. This procedure, including some new methods for masking, effective volume integration and (individual) completeness determinations, has been fully automated when possible, and it can be easily generalized to the analysis of IFU observations in blank fields. Results. As a result of this analysis, the Lyman-alpha LF has been obtained in four different redshift bins: 2.9 <  z <  6, 7, 2.9 <  z <  4.0, 4.0 <  z <  5.0, and 5.0 <  z <  6.7 with constraints down to log LLyα = 40.5. From our data only, no significant evolution of LF mean slope can be found. When performing a Schechter analysis also including data from the literature to complete the present sample towards the brightest luminosities, a steep faint end slope was measured varying from α = −1.69−0.08+0.08 to α = −1.87−0.12+0.12 between the lowest and the highest redshift bins. Conclusions. The contribution of the LAE population to the star formation rate density at z ∼ 6 is ≲50% depending on the luminosity limit considered, which is of the same order as the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) contribution. The evolution of the LAE contribution with redshift depends on the assumed escape fraction of Lyman-alpha photons, and appears to slightly increase with increasing redshift when this fraction is conservatively set to one. Depending on the intersection between the LAE/LBG populations, the contribution of the observed galaxies to the ionizing flux may suffice to keep the universe ionized at z ∼ 6.}, author = {de La Vieuville, G. and Bina, D. and Pello, R. and Mahler, G. and Richard, J. and Drake, A. B. and Herenz, E. C. and Bauer, F. E. and Clément, B. and Lagattuta, D. and Laporte, N. and Martinez, J. and Patrício, V. and Wisotzki, L. and Zabl, J. and Bouwens, R. J. and Contini, T. and Garel, T. and Guiderdoni, B. and Marino, R. A. and Maseda, M. V. and Matthee, Jorryt J and Schaye, J. and Soucail, G.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational lensing: strong / galaxies: high-redshift / dark ages, reionization, first stars / galaxies: clusters: general / galaxies: luminosity function, mass function}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201834471}, volume = {628}, year = {2019}, } @article{11535, abstract = {We investigate the clustering and halo properties of ∼5000 Ly α-selected emission-line galaxies (LAEs) from the Slicing COSMOS 4K (SC4K) and from archival NB497 imaging of SA22 split in 15 discrete redshift slices between z ∼ 2.5 and 6. We measure clustering lengths of r0 ∼ 3–6 h−1 Mpc and typical halo masses of ∼1011 M⊙ for our narrowband-selected LAEs with typical LLy α ∼ 1042–43 erg s−1. The intermediate-band-selected LAEs are observed to have r0 ∼ 3.5–15 h−1 Mpc with typical halo masses of ∼1011–12 M⊙ and typical LLy α ∼ 1043–43.6 erg s−1. We find a strong, redshift-independent correlation between halo mass and Ly α luminosity normalized by the characteristic Ly α luminosity, L⋆(z). The faintest LAEs (L ∼ 0.1 L⋆(z)) typically identified by deep narrowband surveys are found in 1010 M⊙ haloes and the brightest LAEs (L ∼ 7 L⋆(z)) are found in ∼5 × 1012 M⊙ haloes. A dependency on the rest-frame 1500 Å UV luminosity, MUV, is also observed where the halo masses increase from 1011 to 1013 M⊙ for MUV ∼ −19 to −23.5 mag. Halo mass is also observed to increase from 109.8 to 1012 M⊙ for dust-corrected UV star formation rates from ∼0.6 to 10 M⊙ yr−1 and continues to increase up to 1013 M⊙ in halo mass, where the majority of those sources are active galactic nuclei. All the trends we observe are found to be redshift independent. Our results reveal that LAEs are the likely progenitors of a wide range of galaxies depending on their luminosity, from dwarf-like, to Milky Way-type, to bright cluster galaxies. LAEs therefore provide unique insight into the early formation and evolution of the galaxies we observe in the local Universe.}, author = {Khostovan, A A and Sobral, D and Mobasher, B and Matthee, Jorryt J and Cochrane, R K and Chartab, N and Jafariyazani, M and Paulino-Afonso, A and Santos, S and Calhau, J}, issn = {1365-2966}, journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: haloes, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: star formation, cosmology: observations, large-scale structure of Universe}, number = {1}, pages = {555--573}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{The clustering of typical Ly α emitters from z ∼ 2.5–6: Host halo masses depend on Ly α and UV luminosities}}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz2149}, volume = {489}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{11850, abstract = {Modern networked systems are increasingly reconfigurable, enabling demand-aware infrastructures whose resources can be adjusted according to the workload they currently serve. Such dynamic adjustments can be exploited to improve network utilization and hence performance, by moving frequently interacting communication partners closer, e.g., collocating them in the same server or datacenter. However, dynamically changing the embedding of workloads is algorithmically challenging: communication patterns are often not known ahead of time, but must be learned. During the learning process, overheads related to unnecessary moves (i.e., re-embeddings) should be minimized. This paper studies a fundamental model which captures the tradeoff between the benefits and costs of dynamically collocating communication partners on l servers, in an online manner. Our main contribution is a distributed online algorithm which is asymptotically almost optimal, i.e., almost matches the lower bound (also derived in this paper) on the competitive ratio of any (distributed or centralized) online algorithm.}, author = {Henzinger, Monika H and Neumann, Stefan and Schmid, Stefan}, booktitle = {SIGMETRICS'19: International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems}, isbn = {978-1-4503-6678-6}, location = {Phoenix, AZ, United States}, pages = {43–44}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, title = {{Efficient distributed workload (re-)embedding}}, doi = {10.1145/3309697.3331503}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{11851, abstract = {The minimum cut problem for an undirected edge-weighted graph asks us to divide its set of nodes into two blocks while minimizing the weighted sum of the cut edges. In this paper, we engineer the fastest known exact algorithm for the problem. State-of-the-art algorithms like the algorithm of Padberg and Rinaldi or the algorithm of Nagamochi, Ono and Ibaraki identify edges that can be contracted to reduce the graph size such that at least one minimum cut is maintained in the contracted graph. Our algorithm achieves improvements in running time over these algorithms by a multitude of techniques. First, we use a recently developed fast and parallel inexact minimum cut algorithm to obtain a better bound for the problem. Afterwards, we use reductions that depend on this bound to reduce the size of the graph much faster than previously possible. We use improved data structures to further lower the running time of our algorithm. Additionally, we parallelize the contraction routines of Nagamochi et al. . Overall, we arrive at a system that significantly outperforms the fastest state-of-the-art solvers for the exact minimum cut problem.}, author = {Henzinger, Monika H and Noe, Alexander and Schulz, Christian}, booktitle = {33rd International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium}, isbn = {978-1-7281-1247-3}, issn = {1530-2075}, location = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, title = {{Shared-memory exact minimum cuts}}, doi = {10.1109/ipdps.2019.00013}, year = {2019}, } @article{17924, abstract = {We demonstrate that imidazole based π–π stacked dimers form strong and efficient conductance pathways in single-molecule junctions using the scanning-tunneling microscope-break junction (STM-BJ) technique and density functional theory-based calculations. We first characterize an imidazole-gold contact by measuring the conductance of imidazolyl-terminated alkanes (im-N-im, N = 3–6). We show that the conductance of these alkanes decays exponentially with increasing length, indicating that the mechanism for electron transport is through tunneling or super-exchange. We also reveal that π–π stacked dimers can be formed between imidazoles and have better coupling than through-bond tunneling. These experimental results are rationalized by calculations of molecular junction transmission using non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. This study verifies the capability of imidazole as a Au-binding ligand to form stable single- and π-stacked molecule junctions at room temperature.}, author = {Fu, Tianren and Smith, Shanelle and Camarasa-Gómez, María and Yu, Xiaofang and Xue, Jiayi and Nuckolls, Colin and Evers, Ferdinand and Venkataraman, Latha and Wei, Sujun}, issn = {2041-6539}, journal = {Chemical Science}, number = {43}, pages = {9998--10002}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, title = {{Enhanced coupling through π-stacking in imidazole-based molecular junctions}}, doi = {10.1039/c9sc03760h}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, } @article{15230, abstract = {We have searched the Gaia DR2 catalog for previously unknown hot white dwarfs in the direction of young open star clusters. The aim of this experiment was to try and extend the initial–final mass relation (IFMR) to somewhat higher masses, potentially challenging the Chandrasekhar limit currently thought to be around 1.38 M⊙. We discovered a particularly interesting white dwarf in the direction of the young ∼150 Myr old cluster Messier 47 (NGC 2422). All Gaia indicators (proper motion, parallax, location in the Gaia color–magnitude diagram) suggest that it is a cluster member. Its spectrum, obtained from Gemini-South, yields a number of anomalies: it is a DB (helium-rich atmosphere) white dwarf, it has a large magnetic field (2.5 MG), is of high mass (∼1.06 M⊙), and its colors are very peculiar—particularly the redder ones (r, i, z and y), which suggests that it may have a late-type companion. This may be the only magnetized, detached binary white dwarf with a non-degenerate companion of any spectral type known in or out of a star cluster. If the white dwarf is a cluster member, as all indicators suggest, its progenitor had a mass just over 6 M⊙. It may, however, be telling an even more interesting story than the one related to the IFMR, one about the origin of stellar magnetic fields, SNe I, and gravitational waves from low-mass stellar systems.}, author = {Richer, Harvey B. and Kerr, Ronan and Heyl, Jeremy and Caiazzo, Ilaria and Cummings, Jeffrey and Bergeron, Pierre and Dufour, Patrick}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Astronomical Society}, title = {{A massive magnetic helium atmosphere white dwarf binary in a young star cluster}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab2874}, volume = {880}, year = {2019}, } @article{10874, abstract = {In this article we prove an analogue of a theorem of Lachaud, Ritzenthaler, and Zykin, which allows us to connect invariants of binary octics to Siegel modular forms of genus 3. We use this connection to show that certain modular functions, when restricted to the hyperelliptic locus, assume values whose denominators are products of powers of primes of bad reduction for the associated hyperelliptic curves. We illustrate our theorem with explicit computations. This work is motivated by the study of the values of these modular functions at CM points of the Siegel upper half-space, which, if their denominators are known, can be used to effectively compute models of (hyperelliptic, in our case) curves with CM.}, author = {Ionica, Sorina and Kılıçer, Pınar and Lauter, Kristin and Lorenzo García, Elisa and Manzateanu, Maria-Adelina and Massierer, Maike and Vincent, Christelle}, issn = {2363-9555}, journal = {Research in Number Theory}, keywords = {Algebra and Number Theory}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Modular invariants for genus 3 hyperelliptic curves}}, doi = {10.1007/s40993-018-0146-6}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, } @article{170, abstract = {Upper and lower bounds, of the expected order of magnitude, are obtained for the number of rational points of bounded height on any quartic del Pezzo surface over ℚ that contains a conic defined over ℚ .}, author = {Browning, Timothy D and Sofos, Efthymios}, journal = {Mathematische Annalen}, number = {3-4}, pages = {977--1016}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Counting rational points on quartic del Pezzo surfaces with a rational conic}}, doi = {10.1007/s00208-018-1716-6}, volume = {373}, year = {2019}, } @article{8228, abstract = {Background: Atopics have a lower risk for malignancies, and IgE targeted to tumors is superior to IgG in fighting cancer. Whether IgE-mediated innate or adaptive immune surveillance can confer protection against tumors remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of active and passive immunotherapy to the tumor-associated antigen HER-2 in three murine models differing in Epsilon-B-cell-receptor expression affecting the levels of expressed IgE. Methods: We compared the levels of several serum specific anti-HER-2 antibodies (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA) and the survival rates in low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice lacking the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain of Epsilon-B-cell-receptors expressing reduced IgE levels, high-IgE KN1 mice expressing chimeric Epsilon-Gamma1-B-cell receptors with 4-6-fold elevated serum IgE levels, and wild type (WT) BALB/c. Prior engrafting mice with D2F2/E2 mammary tumors overexpressing HER-2, mice were vaccinated with HER-2 or vehicle control PBS using the Th2-adjuvant Al(OH)3 (active immunotherapy), or treated with the murine anti-HER-2 IgG1 antibody 4D5 (passive immunotherapy). Results: Overall, among the three strains of mice, HER-2 vaccination induced significantly higher levels of HER-2 specific IgE and IgG1 in high-IgE KN1, while low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice had higher IgG2a levels. HER-2 vaccination and passive immunotherapy prolonged the survival in tumor-grafted WT and low-IgE ΔM1M2 strains compared with treatment controls; active vaccination provided the highest benefit. Notably, untreated high-IgE KN1 mice displayed the longest survival of all strains, which could not be further extended by active or passive immunotherapy. Conclusion: Active and passive immunotherapies prolong survival in wild type and low-IgE ΔM1M2 mice engrafted with mammary tumors. High-IgE KN1 mice have an innate survival benefit following tumor challenge.}, author = {Singer, Josef and Achatz-Straussberger, Gertrude and Bentley-Lukschal, Anna and Fazekas-Singer, Judit and Achatz, Gernot and Karagiannis, Sophia N. and Jensen-Jarolim, Erika}, issn = {1939-4551}, journal = {World Allergy Organization Journal}, number = {7}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{AllergoOncology: High innate IgE levels are decisive for the survival of cancer-bearing mice}}, doi = {10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100044}, volume = {12}, year = {2019}, } @article{8263, abstract = {Background: The genus Streptococcus comprises pathogens that strongly influence the health of humans and animals. Genome sequencing of multiple Streptococcus strains demonstrated high variability in gene content and order even in closely related strains of the same species and created a newly emerged object for genomic analysis, the pan-genome. Here we analysed the genome evolution of 25 strains of Streptococcus suis, 50 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 28 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results: Fractions of the pan-genome, unique, periphery, and universal genes differ in size, functional composition, the level of nucleotide substitutions, and predisposition to horizontal gene transfer and genomic rearrangements. The density of substitutions in intergenic regions appears to be correlated with selection acting on adjacent genes, implying that more conserved genes tend to have more conserved regulatory regions. The total pan-genome of the genus is open, but only due to strain-specific genes, whereas other pan-genome fractions reach saturation. We have identified the set of genes with phylogenies inconsistent with species and non-conserved location in the chromosome; these genes are rare in at least one species and have likely experienced recent horizontal transfer between species. The strain-specific fraction is enriched with mobile elements and hypothetical proteins, but also contains a number of candidate virulence-related genes, so it may have a strong impact on adaptability and pathogenicity. Mapping the rearrangements to the phylogenetic tree revealed large parallel inversions in all species. A parallel inversion of length 15 kB with breakpoints formed by genes encoding surface antigen proteins PhtD and PhtB in S. pneumoniae leads to replacement of gene fragments that likely indicates the action of an antigen variation mechanism. Conclusions: Members of genus Streptococcus have a highly dynamic, open pan-genome, that potentially confers them with the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, i.e. antibiotic resistance or transmission between different hosts. Hence, integrated analysis of all aspects of genome evolution is important for the identification of potential pathogens and design of drugs and vaccines.}, author = {Shelyakin, Pavel V. and Bochkareva, Olga and Karan, Anna A. and Gelfand, Mikhail S.}, issn = {1471-2148}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Micro-evolution of three Streptococcus species: Selection, antigenic variation, and horizontal gene inflow}}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-019-1403-6}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, }