@article{12604,
  abstract     = {Glaciers in the high mountains of Asia provide an important water resource for millions of people. Many of these glaciers are partially covered by rocky debris, which protects the ice from solar radiation and warm air. However, studies have found that the surface of these debris-covered glaciers is actually lowering as fast as glaciers without debris. Water ponded on the surface of the glaciers may be partially responsible, as water can absorb atmospheric energy very efficiently. However, the overall effect of these ponds has not been thoroughly assessed yet. We study a valley in Nepal for which we have extensive weather measurements, and we use a numerical model to calculate the energy absorbed by ponds on the surface of the glaciers over 6 months. As we have not observed each individual pond thoroughly, we run the model 5,000 times with different setups. We find that ponds are extremely important for glacier melt and absorb energy 14 times as quickly as the debris-covered ice. Although the ponds account for 1% of the glacier area covered by rocks, and only 0.3% of the total glacier area, they absorb enough energy to account for one eighth of the whole valley's ice loss.},
  author       = {Miles, Evan S. and Willis, Ian and Buri, Pascal and Steiner, Jakob F. and Arnold, Neil S. and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1944-8007},
  journal      = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  keywords     = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geophysics},
  number       = {19},
  pages        = {10464--10473},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{Surface pond energy absorption across four Himalayan Glaciers accounts for 1/8 of total catchment ice loss}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2018gl079678},
  volume       = {45},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{127,
  abstract     = {The ideas of topology are breaking ground in origami-based metamaterials. Experiments now show that certain shapes — doughnuts included — exhibit topological bistability, and can be made to click between different topologically stable states.},
  author       = {Waitukaitis, Scott R},
  journal      = {Nature Physics},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {777 -- 778},
  publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Clicks for doughnuts}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41567-018-0160-6},
  volume       = {14},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{19494,
  abstract     = {Starting from any given rational-sided, right triangle, for example, the (3,4,5)-triangle with area 6, we use Euclidean geometry to show that there are infinitely many other rational-sided, right triangles of the same area. We show further that the set of all such triangles of a given area is finitely generated under our geometric construction. Such areas are known as “congruent numbers” and have a rich history in which all the results in this article have been proved and far more. Yet, as far as we can tell, this seems to be the first exploration using this kind of geometric technique.},
  author       = {Chan, Yik Tung},
  issn         = {1930-0972},
  journal      = {The American Mathematical Monthly},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {689--703},
  publisher    = {Taylor & Francis},
  title        = {{Rational right triangles of a given area}},
  doi          = {10.1080/00029890.2018.1495491},
  volume       = {125},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{11064,
  abstract     = {Biomarkers of aging can be used to assess the health of individuals and to study aging and age-related diseases. We generate a large dataset of genome-wide RNA-seq profiles of human dermal fibroblasts from 133 people aged 1 to 94 years old to test whether signatures of aging are encoded within the transcriptome. We develop an ensemble machine learning method that predicts age to a median error of 4 years, outperforming previous methods used to predict age. The ensemble was further validated by testing it on ten progeria patients, and our method is the only one that predicts accelerated aging in these patients.},
  author       = {Fleischer, Jason G. and Schulte, Roberta and Tsai, Hsiao H. and Tyagi, Swati and Ibarra, Arkaitz and Shokhirev, Maxim N. and Huang, Ling and HETZER, Martin W and Navlakha, Saket},
  issn         = {1474-760X},
  journal      = {Genome Biology},
  publisher    = {BioMed Central},
  title        = {{Predicting age from the transcriptome of human dermal fibroblasts}},
  doi          = {10.1186/s13059-018-1599-6},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{17679,
  abstract     = {We study low-density axisymmetric accretion flows onto black holes (BHs) with two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, adopting the α-viscosity prescription. When the gas angular momentum is low enough to form a rotationally supported disk within the Bondi radius (RB), we find a global steady accretion solution. The solution consists of a rotational equilibrium distribution at r∼RB, where the density follows ρ∝(1+RB/r)^3/2, surrounding a geometrically thick and optically thin accretion disk at the centrifugal radius, where thermal energy generated by viscosity is transported via strong convection. Physical properties of the inner solution agree with those expected in convection-dominated accretion flows (CDAF; ρ∝r^−1/2). In the inner CDAF solution, the gas inflow rate decreases towards the center due to convection (M˙∝r), and the net accretion rate (including both inflows and outflows) is strongly suppressed by several orders of magnitude from the Bondi accretion rate M˙B The net accretion rate depends on the viscous strength, following M˙/M˙B∝(α/0.01)^0.6. This solution holds for low accretion rates of M˙B/M˙Edd<10^−3 having minimal radiation cooling, where M˙Edd is the Eddington rate. In a hot plasma at the bottom (r<10^−3 RB), thermal conduction would dominate the convective energy flux. Since suppression of the accretion by convection ceases, the final BH feeding rate is found to be M˙/M˙B∼10^−3−10^−2. This rate is as low as M˙/M˙Edd∼10^−7−10^−6 inferred for SgrA∗ and the nuclear BHs in M31 and M87, and can explain the low luminosities in these sources, without invoking any feedback mechanism.},
  author       = {Inayoshi, Kohei and Ostriker, Jeremiah P and Haiman, Zoltán and Kuiper, Rolf},
  issn         = {0035-8711},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {1412--1426},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Low-density, radiatively inefficient rotating-accretion flow on to a black hole}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/sty276},
  volume       = {476},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{17687,
  abstract     = {We propose the formation of massive pristine dark-matter (DM) halos with masses of ∼10^8 M⊙, due to the dynamical effects of frequent mergers in rare regions of the Universe with high baryonic streaming velocity relative to DM. Since the streaming motion prevents gas collapse into DM halos and delays prior star formation episodes, the gas remains metal-free until the halo virial temperatures ≳2×10^4 K. The minimum cooling mass of DM halos is boosted by a factor of ∼10−30 because frequent major mergers of halos further inhibit gas collapse. We use Monte Carlo merger trees to simulate the DM assembly history under a streaming velocity of twice the root-mean-square value, and estimate the number density of massive DM halos containing pristine gas as ≃10^−4 cMpc^−3. When the gas infall begins, efficient Lyα cooling drives cold streams penetrating inside the halo and feeding a central galactic disk. When one stream collides with the disk, strong shock forms a dense and hot gas cloud, where the gas never forms H2 molecules due to effective collisional dissociation. As a result, a massive gas cloud forms by gravitational instability and collapses directly into a massive black hole (BH) with M∙∼10^5 M⊙. Almost simultaneously, a galaxy with M⋆,tot∼10^6 M⊙ composed of Population III stars forms in the nuclear region. If the typical stellar mass is as high as ∼100 M⊙, the galaxy could be detected with the James Webb Space Telescope even at z≳15. These massive seed BHs would be fed by continuous gas accretion from the host galaxy, and grow to be bright quasars observed at z≳6.},
  author       = {Inayoshi, Kohei and Li, Miao and Haiman, Zoltán},
  issn         = {0035-8711},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {4017--4027},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in overmassive dark-matter haloes with violent merger histories}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/sty1720},
  volume       = {479},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{7713,
  abstract     = {There are mean differences in complex traits among global human populations. We hypothesize that part of the phenotypic differentiation is due to natural selection. To address this hypothesis, we assess the differentiation in allele frequencies of trait-associated SNPs among African, Eastern Asian, and European populations for ten complex traits using data of large sample size (up to ~405,000). We show that SNPs associated with height (P=2.46×10−5), waist-to-hip ratio (P=2.77×10−4), and schizophrenia (P=3.96×10−5) are significantly more differentiated among populations than matched “control” SNPs, suggesting that these trait-associated SNPs have undergone natural selection. We further find that SNPs associated with height (P=2.01×10−6) and schizophrenia (P=5.16×10−18) show significantly higher variance in linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores across populations than control SNPs. Our results support the hypothesis that natural selection has shaped the genetic differentiation of complex traits, such as height and schizophrenia, among worldwide populations.},
  author       = {Guo, Jing and Wu, Yang and Zhu, Zhihong and Zheng, Zhili and Trzaskowski, Maciej and Zeng, Jian and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Visscher, Peter M. and Yang, Jian},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Global genetic differentiation of complex traits shaped by natural selection in humans}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-018-04191-y},
  volume       = {9},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{7716,
  abstract     = {Genomic prediction has the potential to contribute to precision medicine. However, to date, the utility of such predictors is limited due to low accuracy for most traits. Here theory and simulation study are used to demonstrate that widespread pleiotropy among phenotypes can be utilised to improve genomic risk prediction. We show how a genetic predictor can be created as a weighted index that combines published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics across many different traits. We apply this framework to predict risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Psychiatric Genomics consortium data, finding substantial heterogeneity in prediction accuracy increases across cohorts. For six additional phenotypes in the UK Biobank data, we find increases in prediction accuracy ranging from 0.7% for height to 47% for type 2 diabetes, when using a multi-trait predictor that combines published summary statistics from multiple traits, as compared to a predictor based only on one trait.},
  author       = {Maier, Robert M. and Zhu, Zhihong and Lee, Sang Hong and Trzaskowski, Maciej and Ruderfer, Douglas M. and Stahl, Eli A. and Ripke, Stephan and Wray, Naomi R. and Yang, Jian and Visscher, Peter M. and Robinson, Matthew Richard},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Improving genetic prediction by leveraging genetic correlations among human diseases and traits}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-017-02769-6},
  volume       = {9},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{7722,
  abstract     = {We develop a Bayesian mixed linear model that simultaneously estimates single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability, polygenicity (proportion of SNPs with nonzero effects), and the relationship between SNP effect size and minor allele frequency for complex traits in conventionally unrelated individuals using genome-wide SNP data. We apply the method to 28 complex traits in the UK Biobank data (N = 126,752) and show that on average, 6% of SNPs have nonzero effects, which in total explain 22% of phenotypic variance. We detect significant (P < 0.05/28) signatures of natural selection in the genetic architecture of 23 traits, including reproductive, cardiovascular, and anthropometric traits, as well as educational attainment. The significant estimates of the relationship between effect size and minor allele frequency in complex traits are consistent with a model of negative (or purifying) selection, as confirmed by forward simulation. We conclude that negative selection acts pervasively on the genetic variants associated with human complex traits.},
  author       = {Zeng, Jian and de Vlaming, Ronald and Wu, Yang and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Lloyd-Jones, Luke R. and Yengo, Loic and Yap, Chloe X. and Xue, Angli and Sidorenko, Julia and McRae, Allan F. and Powell, Joseph E. and Montgomery, Grant W. and Metspalu, Andres and Esko, Tonu and Gibson, Greg and Wray, Naomi R. and Visscher, Peter M. and Yang, Jian},
  issn         = {1061-4036},
  journal      = {Nature Genetics},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {746--753},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Signatures of negative selection in the genetic architecture of human complex traits}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41588-018-0101-4},
  volume       = {50},
  year         = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{78,
  abstract     = {We provide a procedure for detecting the sub-segments of an incrementally observed Boolean signal ω that match a given temporal pattern ϕ. As a pattern specification language, we use timed regular expressions, a formalism well-suited for expressing properties of concurrent asynchronous behaviors embedded in metric time. We construct a timed automaton accepting the timed language denoted by ϕ and modify it slightly for the purpose of matching. We then apply zone-based reachability computation to this automaton while it reads ω, and retrieve all the matching segments from the results. Since the procedure is automaton based, it can be applied to patterns specified by other formalisms such as timed temporal logics reducible to timed automata or directly encoded as timed automata. The procedure has been implemented and its performance on synthetic examples is demonstrated.},
  author       = {Bakhirkin, Alexey and Ferrere, Thomas and Nickovic, Dejan and Maler, Oded and Asarin, Eugene},
  isbn         = {978-3-030-00150-6},
  location     = {Bejing, China},
  pages        = {215 -- 232},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Online timed pattern matching using automata}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-030-00151-3_13},
  volume       = {11022},
  year         = {2018},
}

@misc{5457,
  abstract     = {We consider the problem of expected cost analysis over nondeterministic probabilistic programs, which aims at automated methods for analyzing the resource-usage of such programs. Previous approaches for this problem could only handle nonnegative bounded costs. However, in many scenarios, such as queuing networks or analysis of cryptocurrency protocols, both positive and negative costs are necessary and the costs are unbounded as well.

In this work, we present a sound and efficient approach to obtain polynomial bounds on the expected accumulated cost of nondeterministic probabilistic programs. Our approach can handle (a) general positive and negative costs with bounded updates in variables; and (b) nonnegative costs with general updates to variables. We show that several natural examples which could not be handled by previous approaches are captured in our framework.

Moreover, our approach leads to an efficient polynomial-time algorithm, while no previous approach for cost analysis of probabilistic programs could guarantee polynomial runtime. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our approach by presenting experimental results on a variety of programs, motivated by real-world applications, for which we efficiently synthesize tight resource-usage bounds.},
  author       = {Anonymous, 1 and Anonymous, 2 and Anonymous, 3 and Anonymous, 4 and Anonymous, 5 and Anonymous, 6},
  issn         = {2664-1690},
  pages        = {27},
  publisher    = {IST Austria},
  title        = {{Cost analysis of nondeterministic probabilistic programs}},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{6,
  abstract     = {Lesion and electrode location verification are traditionally done via histological examination of stained brain slices, a time-consuming procedure that requires manual estimation. Here, we describe a simple, straightforward method for quantifying lesions and locating electrodes in the brain that is less laborious and yields more detailed results. Whole brains are stained with osmium tetroxide, embedded in resin, and imaged with a micro-CT scanner. The scans result in 3D digital volumes of the brains with resolutions and virtual section thicknesses dependent on the sample size (12-15 and 5-6 µm per voxel for rat and zebra finch brains, respectively). Surface and deep lesions can be characterized, and single tetrodes, tetrode arrays, electrolytic lesions, and silicon probes can also be localized. Free and proprietary software allows experimenters to examine the sample volume from any plane and segment the volume manually or automatically. Because this method generates whole brain volume, lesions and electrodes can be quantified to a much higher degree than in current methods, which will help standardize comparisons within and across studies.},
  author       = {Masís, Javier and Mankus, David and Wolff, Steffen and Guitchounts, Grigori and Jösch, Maximilian A and Cox, David},
  journal      = {Journal of visualized experiments},
  publisher    = {MyJove Corporation},
  title        = {{A micro-CT-based method for characterising lesions and locating electrodes in small animal brains}},
  doi          = {10.3791/58585},
  volume       = {141},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{6002,
  abstract     = {The Bogoliubov free energy functional is analysed. The functional serves as a model of a translation-invariant Bose gas at positive temperature. We prove the existence of minimizers in the case of repulsive interactions given by a sufficiently regular two-body potential. Furthermore, we prove the existence of a phase transition in this model and provide its phase diagram.},
  author       = {Napiórkowski, Marcin M and Reuvers, Robin and Solovej, Jan Philip},
  issn         = {1432-0673},
  journal      = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {1037--1090},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{The Bogoliubov free energy functional I: Existence of minimizers and phase diagram}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00205-018-1232-6},
  volume       = {229},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{692,
  abstract     = {We consider families of confocal conics and two pencils of Apollonian circles having the same foci. We will show that these families of curves generate trivial 3-webs and find the exact formulas describing them.},
  author       = {Akopyan, Arseniy},
  journal      = {Geometriae Dedicata},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {55 -- 64},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{3-Webs generated by confocal conics and circles}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10711-017-0265-6},
  volume       = {194},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{76,
  abstract     = {Consider a fully-connected synchronous distributed system consisting of n nodes, where up to f nodes may be faulty and every node starts in an arbitrary initial state. In the synchronous C-counting problem, all nodes need to eventually agree on a counter that is increased by one modulo C in each round for given C&gt;1. In the self-stabilising firing squad problem, the task is to eventually guarantee that all non-faulty nodes have simultaneous responses to external inputs: if a subset of the correct nodes receive an external “go” signal as input, then all correct nodes should agree on a round (in the not-too-distant future) in which to jointly output a “fire” signal. Moreover, no node should generate a “fire” signal without some correct node having previously received a “go” signal as input. We present a framework reducing both tasks to binary consensus at very small cost. For example, we obtain a deterministic algorithm for self-stabilising Byzantine firing squads with optimal resilience f&lt;n/3, asymptotically optimal stabilisation and response time O(f), and message size O(log f). As our framework does not restrict the type of consensus routines used, we also obtain efficient randomised solutions.},
  author       = {Lenzen, Christoph and Rybicki, Joel},
  journal      = {Distributed Computing},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Near-optimal self-stabilising counting and firing squads}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00446-018-0342-6},
  year         = {2018},
}

@inproceedings{397,
  abstract     = {Concurrent sets with range query operations are highly desirable in applications such as in-memory databases. However, few set implementations offer range queries. Known techniques for augmenting data structures with range queries (or operations that can be used to build range queries) have numerous problems that limit their usefulness. For example, they impose high overhead or rely heavily on garbage collection. In this work, we show how to augment data structures with highly efficient range queries, without relying on garbage collection. We identify a property of epoch-based memory reclamation algorithms that makes them ideal for implementing range queries, and produce three algorithms, which use locks, transactional memory and lock-free techniques, respectively. Our algorithms are applicable to more data structures than previous work, and are shown to be highly efficient on a large scale Intel system. },
  author       = {Arbel Raviv, Maya and Brown, Trevor A},
  isbn         = {978-1-4503-4982-6},
  location     = {Vienna, Austria},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {14 -- 27},
  publisher    = {ACM},
  title        = {{Harnessing epoch-based reclamation for efficient range queries}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3178487.3178489},
  volume       = {53},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{407,
  abstract     = {Isoprenoid cytokinins play a number of crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. To study cytokinin receptor properties in plants, we designed and prepared fluorescent derivatives of 6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]purine (N6-isopentenyladenine, iP) with several fluorescent labels attached to the C2 or N9 atom of the purine moiety via a 2- or 6-carbon linker. The fluorescent labels included dansyl (DS), fluorescein (FC), 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD), rhodamine B (RhoB), coumarin (Cou), 7-(diethylamino)coumarin (DEAC) and cyanine 5 dye (Cy5). All prepared compounds were screened for affinity for the Arabidopsis thaliana cytokinin receptor (CRE1/AHK4). Although the attachment of the fluorescent labels to iP via the linkers mostly disrupted binding to the receptor, several fluorescent derivatives interacted well. For this reason, three derivatives, two rhodamine B and one 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan labeled iP were tested for their interaction with CRE1/AHK4 and Zea mays cytokinin receptors in detail. We further showed that the three derivatives were able to activate transcription of cytokinin response regulator ARR5 in Arabidopsis seedlings. The activity of fluorescently labeled cytokinins was compared with corresponding 6-dimethylaminopurine fluorescently labeled negative controls. Selected rhodamine B C2-labeled compounds 17, 18 and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan N9-labeled compound 28 and their respective negative controls (19, 20 and 29, respectively) were used for in planta staining experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture using live cell confocal microscopy.},
  author       = {Kubiasová, Karolina and Mik, Václav and Nisler, Jaroslav and Hönig, Martin and Husičková, Alexandra and Spíchal, Lukáš and Pěkná, Zuzana and Šamajová, Olga and Doležal, Karel and Plíhal, Ondřej and Benková, Eva and Strnad, Miroslav and Plíhalová, Lucie},
  journal      = {Phytochemistry},
  pages        = {1--11},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Design, synthesis and perception of fluorescently labeled isoprenoid cytokinins}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.015},
  volume       = {150},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{410,
  abstract     = {Lesion verification and quantification is traditionally done via histological examination of sectioned brains, a time-consuming process that relies heavily on manual estimation. Such methods are particularly problematic in posterior cortical regions (e.g. visual cortex), where sectioning leads to significant damage and distortion of tissue. Even more challenging is the post hoc localization of micro-electrodes, which relies on the same techniques, suffers from similar drawbacks and requires even higher precision. Here, we propose a new, simple method for quantitative lesion characterization and electrode localization that is less labor-intensive and yields more detailed results than conventional methods. We leverage staining techniques standard in electron microscopy with the use of commodity micro-CT imaging. We stain whole rat and zebra finch brains in osmium tetroxide, embed these in resin and scan entire brains in a micro-CT machine. The scans result in 3D reconstructions of the brains with section thickness dependent on sample size (12–15 and 5–6 microns for rat and zebra finch respectively) that can be segmented manually or automatically. Because the method captures the entire intact brain volume, comparisons within and across studies are more tractable, and the extent of lesions and electrodes may be studied with higher accuracy than with current methods.},
  author       = {Masís, Javier and Mankus, David and Wolff, Steffen and Guitchounts, Grigori and Jösch, Maximilian A and Cox, David},
  journal      = {Scientific Reports},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
  title        = {{A micro-CT-based method for quantitative brain lesion characterization and electrode localization}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-018-23247-z},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{21533,
  abstract     = {Recent advances in the fabrication of nanostructures and nanoscale features in metasurfaces offer new prospects for generating visible light emission from low-energy electrons. Here we present the experimental observation of visible light emission from low-energy free electrons interacting with nanoscale periodic surfaces through the Smith–Purcell (SP) effect. We demonstrate SP light emission from nanoscale gratings with periodicity as small as 50 nm, enabling the observation of tunable visible radiation from low-energy electrons (1.5 to 6 keV), an order of magnitude lower in energy than previously reported. We study the emission wavelength and intensity dependence on the grating pitch and electron energy, showing agreement between experiment and theory. Our results open the way to the production of SP-based nanophotonics integrated devices. Built inside electron microscopes, SP sources could enable the development of novel electron–optical correlated spectroscopic techniques and facilitate the observation of new quantum effects in light sources.},
  author       = {Massuda, Aviram and Roques-Carmes, Charles and Yang, Yujia and Kooi, Steven E. and Yang, Yi and Murdia, Chitraang and Berggren, Karl K. and Kaminer, Ido and Soljačić, Marin},
  issn         = {2330-4022},
  journal      = {ACS Photonics},
  keywords     = {light−matter interactions, periodic structures, nanophotonics, free-electron light sources},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {3513--3518},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society },
  title        = {{Smith–Purcell radiation from low-energy electrons}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00743},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{11572,
  abstract     = {We present spectroscopic follow-up of candidate luminous Ly α emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7–6.6 in the SA22 field with VLT/X-SHOOTER. We confirm two new luminous LAEs at z = 5.676 (SR6) and z = 6.532 (VR7), and also present HST follow-up of both sources. These sources have luminosities LLy α ≈ 3 × 1043 erg s−1, very high rest-frame equivalent widths of EW0 ≳ 200 Å and narrow Ly α lines (200–340 km s−1). VR7 is the most UV-luminous LAE at z > 6.5, with M1500 = −22.5, even brighter in the UV than CR7. Besides Ly α, we do not detect any other rest-frame UV lines in the spectra of SR6 and VR7, and argue that rest-frame UV lines are easier to observe in bright galaxies with low Ly α equivalent widths. We confirm that Ly α line widths increase with Ly α luminosity at z = 5.7, while there are indications that Ly α lines of faint LAEs become broader at z = 6.6, potentially due to reionization. We find a large spread of up to 3 dex in UV luminosity for >L⋆ LAEs, but find that the Ly α luminosity of the brightest LAEs is strongly related to UV luminosity at z = 6.6. Under basic assumptions, we find that several LAEs at z ≈ 6–7 have Ly α escape fractions ≳ 100  per cent, indicating bursty star formation histories, alternative Ly α production mechanisms, or dust attenuating Ly α emission differently than UV emission. Finally, we present a method to compute ξion, the production efficiency of ionizing photons, and find that LAEs at z ≈ 6–7 have high values of log10(ξion/Hz erg−1) ≈ 25.51 ± 0.09 that may alleviate the need for high Lyman-Continuum escape fractions required for reionization.},
  author       = {Matthee, Jorryt J and Sobral, David and Darvish, Behnam and Santos, Sérgio and Mobasher, Bahram and Paulino-Afonso, Ana and Röttgering, Huub and Alegre, Lara},
  issn         = {1365-2966},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  keywords     = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution – galaxies: high-redshift, dark ages, reionization, first stars, cosmology: observations},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {772--787},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population}},
  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/stx2061},
  volume       = {472},
  year         = {2017},
}