@article{764,
  abstract     = {Set agreement is a fundamental problem in distributed computing in which processes collectively choose a small subset of values from a larger set of proposals. The impossibility of fault-tolerant set agreement in asynchronous networks is one of the seminal results in distributed computing. In synchronous networks, too, the complexity of set agreement has been a significant research challenge that has now been resolved. Real systems, however, are neither purely synchronous nor purely asynchronous. Rather, they tend to alternate between periods of synchrony and periods of asynchrony. Nothing specific is known about the complexity of set agreement in such a &quot;partially synchronous&quot; setting. In this paper, we address this challenge, presenting the first (asymptotically) tight bound on the complexity of set agreement in such systems. We introduce a novel technique for simulating, in a fault-prone asynchronous shared memory, executions of an asynchronous and failure-prone message-passing system in which some fragments appear synchronous to some processes. We use this simulation technique to derive a lower bound on the round complexity of set agreement in a partially synchronous system by a reduction from asynchronous wait-free set agreement. Specifically, we show that every set agreement protocol requires at least $\lfloor\frac t k \rfloor + 2$ synchronous rounds to decide. We present an (asymptotically) matching algorithm that relies on a distributed asynchrony detection mechanism to decide as soon as possible during periods of synchrony. From these two results, we derive the size of the minimal window of synchrony needed to solve set agreement. By relating synchronous, asynchronous and partially synchronous environments, our simulation technique is of independent interest. In particular, it allows us to obtain a new lower bound on the complexity of early deciding k-set agreement complementary to that of Gafni et al. (in SIAM J. Comput. 40(1):63-78, 2011), and to re-derive the combinatorial topology lower bound of Guerraoui et al. (in Theor. Comput. Sci. 410(6-7):570-580, 2009) in an algorithmic way.},
  author       = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Gilbert, Seth and Guerraoui, Rachid and Travers, Corentin},
  journal      = {Algorithmica (New York)},
  number       = {1-2},
  pages        = {595 -- 629},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Of choices, failures and asynchrony: the many faces of set agreement}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00453-011-9581-7},
  volume       = {62},
  year         = {2012},
}

@article{7074,
  abstract     = {The Seebeck coefficients, electrical resistivities, total thermal conductivities, and magnetization are reported for temperatures between 5 and 350 K for n-type Bi0.88Sb0.12 nano-composite alloys made by Ho-doping at the 0, 1, and 3 % atomic levels. The alloys were prepared using a dc hot-pressing method, and are shown to be single phase for both Ho contents with grain sizes on the average of 900 nm. We find the parent compound has a maximum of ZT = 0.28 at 231 K, while doping 1 % Ho increases the maximum ZT to 0.31 at 221 K and the 3 % doped sample suppresses the maximum ZT = 0.24 at a temperature of 260 K.},
  author       = {Lukas, K. C. and Joshi, G. and Modic, Kimberly A and Ren, Z. F. and Opeil, C. P.},
  issn         = {1573-4803},
  journal      = {Journal of Materials Science},
  number       = {15},
  pages        = {5729--5734},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Thermoelectric properties of Ho-doped Bi0.88Sb0.12}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10853-012-6463-6},
  volume       = {47},
  year         = {2012},
}

@article{3160,
  abstract     = {There is a long-running controversy about how early cell fate decisions are made in the developing mammalian embryo. 1,2 In particular, it is controversial when the first events that can predict the establishment of the pluripotent and extra-embryonic lineages in the blastocyst of the pre-implantation embryo occur. It has long been proposed that the position and polarity of cells at the 16- to 32-cell stage embryo influence their decision to either give rise to the pluripotent cell lineage that eventually contributes to the inner cell mass (ICM), comprising the primitive endoderm (PE) and the epiblast (EPI), or the extra-embryonic trophectoderm (TE) surrounding the blastocoel. The positioning of cells in the embryo at this developmental stage could largely be the result of random events, making this a stochastic model of cell lineage allocation. Contrary to such a stochastic model, some studies have detected putative differences in the lineage potential of individual blastomeres before compaction, indicating that the first cell fate decisions may occur as early as at the 4-cell stage. Using a non-invasive, quantitative in vivo imaging assay to study the kinetic behavior of Oct4 (also known as POU5F1), a key transcription factor (TF) controlling pre-implantation development in the mouse embryo, 3-5 a recent study identifies Oct4 kinetics as a predictive measure of cell lineage patterning in the early mouse embryo. 6 Here, we discuss the implications of such molecular heterogeneities in early development and offer potential avenues toward a mechanistic understanding of these observations, contributing to the resolution of the controversy of developmental cell lineage allocation.},
  author       = {Pantazis, Periklis and Bollenbach, Tobias},
  journal      = {Cell Cycle},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {2055 -- 2058},
  publisher    = {Taylor & Francis},
  title        = {{Transcription factor kinetics and the emerging asymmetry in the early mammalian embryo}},
  doi          = {10.4161/cc.20118},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2012},
}

@article{2200,
  abstract     = {We made use of supersymmetric (SUSY) quantum mechanics to find the condition under which the Stark effect problem for a polar and polarizable closed-shell diatomic molecule subjected to collinear electrostatic and nonresonant radiative fields becomes exactly solvable. The condition Δω = ω2/4(m+1)2 connects values of the dimensionless parameters ω and Δω that characterize the strengths of the permanent and induced dipole interactions of the molecule with the respective fields. The exact solutions are obtained for the \J̃ = m, m; ω, Δω) family of 'stretched' states. The field-free and strong-field limits of the combined-fields problem were found to exhibit supersymmetry and shape invariance, which is indeed the reason why they are analytically solvable. By making use of the analytic form of the \J̃ = m,m; ω, Δω) wavefunctions, we obtained simple formulae for the expectation values of the space-fixed electric dipole moment, the alignment cosine and the angular momentum squared, and derived a 'sum rule' that combines the above expectation values into a formula for the eigenenergy. The analytic expressions for the characteristics of the strongly oriented and aligned states provide direct access to the values of the interaction parameters required for creating such states in the laboratory.},
  author       = {Lemeshko, Mikhail and Mustafa, Mustafa and Kais, Sabre and Friedrich, Břetislav},
  journal      = {New Journal of Physics},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing Ltd.},
  title        = {{Supersymmetry identifies molecular Stark states whose eigenproperties can be obtained analytically}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1367-2630/13/6/063036},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{239,
  abstract     = {An effective search bound is established for the least non-trivial integer zero of an arbitrary cubic form C ε ℤ[X 1,...,X n], provided that n ≥ 17.},
  author       = {Timothy Browning and Dietmann, Rainer and Elliott, Peter},
  journal      = {Mathematische Annalen},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {745 -- 778},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Least zero of a cubic form}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00208-011-0651-6},
  volume       = {352},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{2393,
  abstract     = {We investigate the low energy excitation spectrum of a Bose gas with weak, long range repulsive interactions. In particular, we prove that the Bogoliubov spectrum of elementary excitations with linear dispersion relation for small momentum becomes exact in the mean-field limit.},
  author       = {Robert Seiringer},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {565 -- 578},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{The excitation spectrum for weakly interacting Bosons}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00220-011-1261-6},
  volume       = {306},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{2717,
  abstract     = {We consider Hermitian and symmetric random band matrices H in d ≥ 1 dimensions. The matrix elements H xy, indexed by, are independent, uniformly distributed random variables if {pipe}x-y{pipe} is less than the band width W, and zero otherwise. We prove that the time evolution of a quantum particle subject to the Hamiltonian H is diffusive on time scales. We also show that the localization length of the eigenvectors of H is larger than a factor W d/6 times the band width. All results are uniform in the size of the matrix. },
  author       = {László Erdös and Knowles, Antti},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {509 -- 554},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Quantum diffusion and eigenfunction delocalization in a random band matrix model}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00220-011-1204-2},
  volume       = {303},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{2766,
  abstract     = {We consider Hermitian and symmetric random band matrices H in d ≥ dimensions. The matrix elements Hxy, indexed by x,y ∈ Λ ⊂ ℤd are independent and their variances satisfy σ2xy:= E{pipe}Hxy{pipe}2 = W-d f((x-y)/W for some probability density f. We assume that the law of each matrix element Hxy is symmetric and exhibits subexponential decay. We prove that the time evolution of a quantum particle subject to the Hamiltonian H is diffusive on time scales ≪ Wd/3. We also show that the localization length of the eigenvectors of H is larger than a factor Wd/6 times the band width W. All results are uniform in the size {pipe}Λ{pipe} of the matrix. This extends our recent result (Erdo{double acute}s and Knowles in Commun. Math. Phys., 2011) to general band matrices. As another consequence of our proof we show that, for a larger class of random matrices satisfying Σx σ2xy for all y, the largest eigenvalue of H is bounded with high probability by 2+M-2/3+e{open} for any e{open} &gt; 0, where M:= 1/(maxx,y σ2xy).},
  author       = {László Erdös and Knowles, Antti},
  journal      = {Annales Henri Poincare},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1227 -- 1319},
  publisher    = {Birkhäuser},
  title        = {{Quantum diffusion and delocalization for band matrices with general distribution}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00023-011-0104-5},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{3084,
  abstract     = {
A central question in developmental biology concerns the mechanism of generation and maintenance of cell polarity, because these processes are essential for many cellular functions and multicellular development [1]. In plants, cell polarity has an additional role in mediating directional transport of the plant hormone auxin that is crucial for multiple developmental processes [2-4]. In addition, plant cells have a complex extracellular matrix, the cell wall [5, 6], whose role in regulating cellular processes, including cell polarity, is unexplored. We have found that polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters [7] in plant cells is maintained by connections between polar domains at the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Genetic and pharmacological interference with cellulose, the major component of the cell wall, or mechanical interference with the cell wall disrupts these connections and leads to increased lateral diffusion and loss of polar distribution of PIN transporters for the phytohormone auxin. Our results reveal a plant-specific mechanism for cell polarity maintenance and provide a conceptual framework for modulating cell polarity and plant development via endogenous and environmental manipulations of the cellulose-based extracellular matrix.},
  author       = {Feraru, Elena and Feraru, Mugurel I and Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen and Martinière, Alexandre and Mouille, Grégory and Vanneste, Steffen and Vernhettes, Samantha and Runions, John and Jirí Friml},
  journal      = {Current Biology},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {338 -- 343},
  publisher    = {Cell Press},
  title        = {{PIN polarity maintenance by the cell wall in Arabidopsis}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.036},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{6298,
  abstract     = {Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a hyalu-ronan (HA)-binding protein that plays important roles ininflammation and ovulation. TSG-6-mediated cross-linking ofHA has been proposed as a functional mechanism (e.g.for regu-lating leukocyte adhesion), but direct evidence for cross-linkingis lacking, and we know very little about its impact on HA ultra-structure. Here we used films of polymeric and oligomeric HAchains, end-grafted to a solid support, and a combination ofsurface-sensitive biophysical techniques to quantify the bindingof TSG-6 into HA films and to correlate binding to morpholog-ical changes. We find that full-length TSG-6 binds with pro-nounced positive cooperativity and demonstrate that it cancross-link HA at physiologically relevant concentrations. Ourdata indicate that cooperative binding of full-length TSG-6arises from HA-induced protein oligomerization and that theTSG-6 oligomers act as cross-linkers. In contrast, the HA-bind-ing domain of TSG-6 (the Link module) alone binds withoutpositive cooperativity and weaker than the full-length protein.Both the Link module and full-length TSG-6 condensed andrigidified HA films, and the degree of condensation scaled withthe affinity between the TSG-6 constructs and HA. We proposethat condensation is the result of protein-mediated HA cross-linking. Our findings firmly establish that TSG-6 is a potent HAcross-linking agent and might hence have important implica-tions for the mechanistic understanding of the biological func-tion of TSG-6 (e.g.in inflammation).},
  author       = {Baranova, Natalia and Nilebäck, Erik and Haller, F. Michael and Briggs, David C. and Svedhem, Sofia and Day, Anthony J. and Richter, Ralf P.},
  issn         = {0021-9258},
  journal      = {Journal of Biological Chemistry},
  number       = {29},
  pages        = {25675--25686},
  publisher    = {American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology},
  title        = {{The inflammation-associated protein TSG-6 cross-links hyaluronan via hyaluronan-induced TSG-6 oligomers}},
  doi          = {10.1074/jbc.m111.247395},
  volume       = {286},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{3090,
  abstract     = {The polarized transport of the phytohormone auxin [1], which is crucial for the regulation of different stages of plant development [2, 3], depends on the asymmetric plasma membrane distribution of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers [4, 5]. The PIN polar localization results from clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) from the plasma membrane and subsequent polar recycling [6]. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two groups of dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) that show homology to mammalian dynamin - a protein required for fission of endocytic vesicles during CME [7, 8]. Here we show by coimmunoprecipitation (coIP), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) that members of the DRP1 group closely associate with PIN proteins at the cell plate. Localization and phenotypic analysis of novel drp1 mutants revealed a requirement for DRP1 function in correct PIN distribution and in auxin-mediated development. We propose that rapid and specific internalization of PIN proteins mediated by the DRP1 proteins and the associated CME machinery from the cell plate membranes during cytokinesis is an important mechanism for proper polar PIN positioning in interphase cells.},
  author       = {Mravec, Jozef and Petrášek, Jan and Li, Na and Boeren, Sjef and Karlova, Rumyana and Kitakura, Saeko and Pařezová, Markéta and Naramoto, Satoshi and Nodzyński, Thomasz and Dhonukshe, Pankaj and Bednarek, Sebastian Y and Zažímalová, Eva and De Vries, Sacco and Jirí Friml},
  journal      = {Current Biology},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {1055 -- 1060},
  publisher    = {Cell Press},
  title        = {{Cell plate restricted association of DRP1A and PIN proteins is required for cell polarity establishment in arabidopsis}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.018},
  volume       = {21},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{3286,
  abstract     = {Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) selectively target bacterial membranes by electrostatic interactions with negatively charged lipids. It turned out that for inhibition of microbial growth a high CAMP membrane concentration is required, which can be realized by the incorporation of hydrophobic groups within the peptide. Increasing hydrophobicity, however, reduces the CAMP selectivity for bacterial over eukaryotic host membranes, thereby causing the risk of detrimental side-effects. In this study we addressed how cationic amphipathic peptides—in particular a CAMP with Lysine–Leucine–Lysine repeats (termed KLK)—affect the localization and dynamics of molecules in eukaryotic membranes. We found KLK to selectively inhibit the endocytosis of a subgroup of membrane proteins and lipids by electrostatically interacting with negatively charged sialic acid moieties. Ultrastructural characterization revealed the formation of membrane invaginations representing fission or fusion intermediates, in which the sialylated proteins and lipids were immobilized. Experiments on structurally different cationic amphipathic peptides (KLK, 6-MO-LF11-322 and NK14-2) indicated a cooperation of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces that selectively arrest sialylated membrane constituents.},
  author       = {Weghuber, Julian and Aichinger, Michael C. and Brameshuber, Mario and Stefan Wieser and Verena Ruprecht and Plochberger, Birgit and Madl, Josef and Horner, Andreas and Reipert, Siegfried and Lohner, Karl and Henics, Tamas and Schuetz, Gerhard J},
  journal      = {Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes},
  number       = {10},
  pages        = {2581 -- 2590},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Cationic amphipathic peptides accumulate sialylated proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic host cells}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.06.007},
  volume       = {1808},
  year         = {2011},
}

@inproceedings{18394,
  abstract     = {In this paper we present a novel approach for fast search of handwritten Arabic word-parts within large lexicons. The algorithm runs through three steps to achieve the required results. First it warps multiple appearances of each word-part in the lexicon for embedding into the same euclidean space. The embedding is done based on the warping path produced by the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) process while calculating the similarity distance. In the next step, all samples of different word-parts are resampled uniformly to the same size. The kd-tree structure is used to store all shapes representing word parts in the lexicon. Fast approximation of k-nearest neighbors generates a short list of candidates to be presented to the next step. In the third step, the Active-DTW [15] algorithm is used to examine each sample in the short list and give final accurate results. We demonstrate our method on a database of 23,500 images of word-parts extracted from the IFN/ENIT database [6] and 22,000 images collected from 93 writers. Our method achieves a speedup of 5 orders of magnitude over the exact method, at the cost of only a 3.8% reduction in accuracy.},
  author       = {Saabni, Raid and Bronstein, Alexander},
  booktitle    = {2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition},
  isbn         = {9781457713507},
  issn         = {2379-2140},
  location     = {Beijing, China},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{Fast key-word searching via embedding and active-DTW}},
  doi          = {10.1109/icdar.2011.23},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{22061,
  abstract     = {We consider the defocusing nonlinear wave equation utt − Δu +
|u|
pu = 0 with spherically-symmetric initial data in the regime 4
d−2 <p< 4
d−3
(which is energy-supercritical) and dimensions 3 ≤ d ≤ 6; we also consider
d ≥ 7, but for a smaller range of p> 4
d−2 . The principal result is that
blowup (or failure to scatter) must be accompanied by blowup of the critical
Sobolev norm. An equivalent formulation is that maximal-lifespan solutions
with bounded critical Sobolev norm are global and scatter},
  author       = {Killip, Rowan and Visan, Monica},
  issn         = {1088-6826},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {1805--1817},
  publisher    = {American Mathematical Society},
  title        = {{The radial defocusing energy-supercritical nonlinear wave equation in all space dimensions}},
  doi          = {10.1090/s0002-9939-2010-10615-9},
  volume       = {139},
  year         = {2011},
}

@article{2701,
  abstract     = {We consider N × N Hermitian random matrices with independent identically distributed entries (Wigner matrices). The matrices are normalized so that the average spacing between consecutive eigenvalues is of order 1/ N. Under suitable assumptions on the distribution of the single matrix element, we first prove that, away from the spectral edges, the empirical density of eigenvalues concentrates around the Wigner semicircle law on energy scales η ≫ N -1. This result establishes the semicircle law on the optimal scale and it removes a logarithmic factor from our previous result [6]. We then show a Wegner estimate, i.e., that the averaged density of states is bounded. Finally, we prove that the eigenvalues of a Wigner matrix repel each other, in agreement with the universality conjecture.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Schlein, Benjamin and Yau, Horng-Tzer},
  journal      = {International Mathematics Research Notices},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {436 -- 479},
  publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
  title        = {{Wegner estimate and level repulsion for Wigner random matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1093/imrn/rnp136},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{2762,
  abstract     = {We consider N ×N Hermitian Wigner random matrices H where the probabilitydensity for each matrix element is given by the density v(x)=e-U(x). We prove that the eigenvalue statistics in the bulk are given by the Dyson sine kernel provided that U ∈ C 6(R{double-struck}) with at most polynomially growing derivatives and v(x)≤C e-c(x) for x large. The proof is based upon an approximate time reversal of the Dyson Brownian motion combined with the convergence of the eigenvalue density to the Wigner semicircle law on short scales.},
  author       = {László Erdös and Ramírez, José A and Yau, Horng-Tzer and Péché, Sandrine and Schlein, Benjamin},
  journal      = {Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {895 -- 925},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Bulk universality for Wigner matrices}},
  doi          = {10.1002/cpa.20317},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{1046,
  abstract     = {The phenomenon of matter-wave interference lies at the heart of quantum physics. It has been observed in various contexts in the limit of non-interacting particles as a single-particle effect. Here we observe and control matter-wave interference whose evolution is driven by interparticle interactions. In a multi-path matter-wave interferometer, the macroscopic manybody wave function of an interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate develops a regular interference pattern, allowing us to detect and directly visualize the effect of interaction-induced phase shifts. We demonstrate control over the phase evolution by inhibiting interaction-induced dephasing and by refocusing a dephased macroscopic matter wave in a spin-echo-type experiment. Our results show that interactions in a many-body system lead to a surprisingly coherent evolution, possibly enabling narrow-band and high-brightness matterwave interferometers based on atom lasers.},
  author       = {Gustavsson, Mattias and Haller, Elmar and Mark, Manfred and Danzl, Johann G and Hart, Russell and Daley, Andrew and Nägerl, Hanns},
  journal      = {New Journal of Physics},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing Ltd.},
  title        = {{Interference of interacting matter waves}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065029},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{3402,
  abstract     = {Model checking transactional memories (TMs) is difficult because of the unbounded number, length, and delay of concurrent transactions, as well as the unbounded size of the memory. We show that, under certain conditions satisfied by most TMs we know of, the model checking problem can be reduced to a finite-state problem, and we illustrate the use of the method by proving the correctness of several TMs, including two-phase locking, DSTM, and TL2. The safety properties we consider include strict serializability and opacity; the liveness properties include obstruction freedom, livelock freedom, and wait freedom. Our main contribution lies in the structure of the proofs, which are largely automated and not restricted to the TMs mentioned above. In a first step we show that every TM that enjoys certain structural properties either violates a requirement on some program with two threads and two shared variables, or satisfies the requirement on all programs. In the second step, we use a model checker to prove the requirement for the TM applied to a most general program with two threads and two variables. In the safety case, the model checker checks language inclusion between two finite-state transition systems, a nondeterministic transition system representing the given TM applied to a most general program, and a deterministic transition system representing a most liberal safe TM applied to the same program. The given TM transition system is nondeterministic because a TM can be used with different contention managers, which resolve conflicts differently. In the liveness case, the model checker analyzes fairness conditions on the given TM transition system.},
  author       = {Guerraoui, Rachid and Thomas Henzinger and Vasu Singh},
  journal      = {Distributed Computing},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {129 -- 145},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Model checking transactional memories}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00446-009-0092-6},
  volume       = {22},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{3964,
  abstract     = {We prove two stability results for Lipschitz functions on triangulable, compact metric spaces and consider applications of both to problems in systems biology. Given two functions, the first result is formulated in terms of the Wasserstein distance between their persistence diagrams and the second in terms of their total persistence.},
  author       = {Cohen-Steiner, David and Herbert Edelsbrunner and Harer, John and Mileyko, Yuriy},
  journal      = {Foundations of Computational Mathematics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {127 -- 139},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Lipschitz functions have L_p-stable persistence}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10208-010-9060-6},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2010},
}

@article{1753,
  abstract     = {We investigate electronic transport in n-i-n GaN nanowires with and without AlN double barriers. The nanowires are grown by catalyst-free, plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy enabling abrupt GaN/AlN interfaces as well as longitudinal n-type doping modulation. At low temperature, transport in n-i-n GaN nanowires is dominated by the Coulomb blockade effect. Carriers are confined in the undoped middle region, forming single or multiple islands with a characteristic length of ∼100 nm. The incorporation of two AlN tunnel barriers causes confinement to occur within the GaN dot in between. In the case of a 6 nm thick dot and 2 nm thick barriers, we observe characteristic signatures of Coulomb-blockaded transport in single quantum dots with discrete energy states. For thinner dots and barriers, Coulomb-blockade effects do not play a significant role while the onset of resonant tunneling via the confined quantum levels is accompanied by a negative differential resistance surviving up to ∼150 K.},
  author       = {Songmuang, Rudeeson and Georgios Katsaros and Monroy, Eva and Spathis, Panayotis N and Bougerol, Catherine and Mongillo, Massimo and De Franceschi, Silvano},
  journal      = {Nano Letters},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {3545 -- 3550},
  publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
  title        = {{Quantum transport in GaN/AlN double-barrier heterostructure nanowires}},
  doi          = {10.1021/nl1017578},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2010},
}

