--- _id: '4170' abstract: - lang: eng text: We identified 6 genes that are essential for specifying ventral regions of the early zebrafish embryo, Mutations in these genes cause an expansion of structures normally derived from dorsal-lateral regions of the blastula at the expense of ventrally derived structures, A series of phenotypes of varied strengths is observed with different alleles of these mutants, The weakest phenotype is a reduction in the ventral tail fin, observed as a dominant phenotype of swirl, piggytail, and somitabun and a recessive phenotype of min fin, lost-a-fin and some piggytail alleles, With increasing phenotypic strength, the blood and pronephric anlagen are also reduced or absent, while the paraxial mesoderm and anterior neuroectoderm is progressively expanded, In the strong phenotypes, displayed by homozygous embryos of snailhouse, swirl and somitabun, the somites circle around the embryo and the midbrain region is expanded laterally, Several mutations in this group of genes are semidominant as well as recessive indicating a strong dosage sensitivity of the processes involved, Mutations in the piggytail gene display an unusual dominance that depends on both a maternal and zygotic heterozygous genotype, while somitabun is a fully penetrant dominant maternal-effect mutation, The similar and overlapping phenotypes of mutants of the 6 genes identified suggest that they function in a common pathway, which begins in oogenesis, but also depends on factors provided after the onset of zygotic transcription, presumably during blastula stages, This pathway provides ventral positional information, counteracting the dorsalizing instructions of the organizer, which is localized in the dorsal shield. acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank: Eric Weinberg, and David Ransom and Leonard Zon for providing the myoD and gata1 cDNA clone, respectively, prior to publication; David Ransom for pointing out the histological blood staining method; J. S. Joly for the eve1 cDNA clone; Mary Ellen Lane, Siegfried Roth, Stefan Schulte-Merker, Herbert Steinbeiser for helpful comments on the manuscript; and very special thanks to Karin Finger-Miller for technical support, as well as to Hans-Martin Maischein, Amanda Wilson, Jörg Zeller, and Cosima Fabian. This work was supported by an NIH postdoctoral fellowship to M. C. M.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Mary full_name: Mullins, Mary last_name: Mullins - first_name: Matthias full_name: Hammerschmidt, Matthias last_name: Hammerschmidt - first_name: Donald full_name: Kane, Donald last_name: Kane - first_name: Jörg full_name: Odenthal, Jörg last_name: Odenthal - first_name: Michael full_name: Brand, Michael last_name: Brand - first_name: Fredericus full_name: Van Eeden, Fredericus last_name: Van Eeden - first_name: Makoto full_name: Furutani Seiki, Makoto last_name: Furutani Seiki - first_name: Michael full_name: Granato, Michael last_name: Granato - first_name: Pascal full_name: Haffter, Pascal last_name: Haffter - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Yunjin full_name: Jiang, Yunjin last_name: Jiang - first_name: Robert full_name: Kelsh, Robert last_name: Kelsh - first_name: Christiane full_name: Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane last_name: Nüsslein Volhard citation: ama: 'Mullins M, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, et al. Genes establishing dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish embryo: The ventral specifying genes. Development. 1996;123(1):81-93. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.81' apa: 'Mullins, M., Hammerschmidt, M., Kane, D., Odenthal, J., Brand, M., Van Eeden, F., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Genes establishing dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish embryo: The ventral specifying genes. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.81' chicago: 'Mullins, Mary, Matthias Hammerschmidt, Donald Kane, Jörg Odenthal, Michael Brand, Fredericus Van Eeden, Makoto Furutani Seiki, et al. “Genes Establishing Dorsoventral Pattern Formation in the Zebrafish Embryo: The Ventral Specifying Genes.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.81.' ieee: 'M. Mullins et al., “Genes establishing dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish embryo: The ventral specifying genes,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 81–93, 1996.' ista: 'Mullins M, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, Odenthal J, Brand M, Van Eeden F, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Haffter P, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kelsh R, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Genes establishing dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish embryo: The ventral specifying genes. Development. 123(1), 81–93.' mla: 'Mullins, Mary, et al. “Genes Establishing Dorsoventral Pattern Formation in the Zebrafish Embryo: The Ventral Specifying Genes.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 81–93, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.81.' short: M. Mullins, M. Hammerschmidt, D. Kane, J. Odenthal, M. Brand, F. Van Eeden, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, P. Haffter, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, R. Kelsh, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 81–93. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:22Z date_published: 1996-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-05T12:01:06Z day: '01' doi: 10.1242/dev.123.1.81 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '9007231' intvolume: ' 123' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa_version: None page: 81 - 93 pmid: 1 publication: Development publication_identifier: issn: - 0950-1991 publication_status: published publisher: Company of Biologists publist_id: '1951' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Genes establishing dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish embryo: The ventral specifying genes' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 123 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '4189' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'This report describes mutants of the zebrafish having phenotypes causing a general arrest in early morphogenesis. These mutants identify a group of loci making up about 20% of the loci identified by mutants with visible morphological phenotypes within the first day of development. There are 12 Class I mutants, which fall into 5 complementation groups and have cells that lyse before morphological defects are observed. Mutants at three loci, speed bump, ogre and zombie, display abnormal nuclei. The 8 Class II mutants, which fall into 6 complementation groups, arrest development before cell lysis is observed. These mutants seemingly stop development in the late segmentation stages, and maintain a body shape similar to a 20 hour embryo. Mutations in speed bump, ogre, zombie, specter, poltergeist and troll were tested for cell lethality by transplanting mutant cells into wild-type hosts. With poltergeist, transplanted mutant cells all survive. The remainder of the mutants tested were autonomously but conditionally lethal: mutant cells, most of which lyse, sometimes survive to become notochord, muscles, or, in rare cases, large neurons, all cell types which become postmitotic in the gastrula. Some of the genes of the early arrest group may be necessary for progression though the cell cycle; if so, the survival of early differentiating cells may be based on having their terminal mitosis before the zygotic requirement for these genes.' acknowledgement: We thank Dr Adam Felsenfeld for his careful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript, D. A. K. also thanks the two anonymous referees who patiently pointed out a number of ‘speed bumps’ in the first submitted draft of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health to D. A. K. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Donald full_name: Kane, Donald last_name: Kane - first_name: Hans full_name: Maischein, Hans last_name: Maischein - first_name: Michael full_name: Brand, Michael last_name: Brand - first_name: Fredericus full_name: Van Eeden, Fredericus last_name: Van Eeden - first_name: Makoto full_name: Furutani Seiki, Makoto last_name: Furutani Seiki - first_name: Michael full_name: Granato, Michael last_name: Granato - first_name: Pascal full_name: Haffter, Pascal last_name: Haffter - first_name: Matthias full_name: Hammerschmidt, Matthias last_name: Hammerschmidt - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Yunjin full_name: Jiang, Yunjin last_name: Jiang - first_name: Robert full_name: Kelsh, Robert last_name: Kelsh - first_name: Mary full_name: Mullins, Mary last_name: Mullins - first_name: Jörg full_name: Odenthal, Jörg last_name: Odenthal - first_name: Rachel full_name: Warga, Rachel last_name: Warga - first_name: Christiane full_name: Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane last_name: Nüsslein Volhard citation: ama: Kane D, Maischein H, Brand M, et al. The zebrafish early arrest mutants. Development. 1996;123(1):57-66. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.57 apa: Kane, D., Maischein, H., Brand, M., Van Eeden, F., Furutani Seiki, M., Granato, M., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). The zebrafish early arrest mutants. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.57 chicago: Kane, Donald, Hans Maischein, Michael Brand, Fredericus Van Eeden, Makoto Furutani Seiki, Michael Granato, Pascal Haffter, et al. “The Zebrafish Early Arrest Mutants.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.57 . ieee: D. Kane et al., “The zebrafish early arrest mutants,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 57–66, 1996. ista: Kane D, Maischein H, Brand M, Van Eeden F, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Warga R, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. The zebrafish early arrest mutants. Development. 123(1), 57–66. mla: Kane, Donald, et al. “The Zebrafish Early Arrest Mutants.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 57–66, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.57 . short: D. Kane, H. Maischein, M. Brand, F. Van Eeden, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, R. Warga, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 57–66. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:29Z date_published: 1996-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-05T09:43:44Z day: '01' doi: '10.1242/dev.123.1.57 ' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '9007229 ' intvolume: ' 123' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa_version: None page: 57 - 66 pmid: 1 publication: Development publication_identifier: issn: - 0950-1991 publication_status: published publisher: Company of Biologists publist_id: '1931' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The zebrafish early arrest mutants type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 123 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '4191' abstract: - lang: eng text: In a screen for embryonic mutants in the zebrafish a large number of mutants were isolated with abnormal brain morphology, We describe here 26 mutants in 13 complementation groups that show abnormal development of large regions of the brain, Early neurogenesis is affected in white tail (wit), During segmentation stages, homozygous wit embryos display an irregularly formed neural keel, particularly in the hindbrain, Using a variety of molecular markers, a severe increase in the number of various early differentiating neurons can be demonstrated, In contrast, late differentiating neurons, radial glial cells and some nonneural cell types, such as the neural crest-derived melanoblasts, are much reduced, Somitogenesis appears delayed, In addition, very reduced numbers of melanophores are present posterior to the mid-trunk, The wit phenotype is reminiscent of neurogenic mutants in Drosophila, such as Notch or Delta, In mutant parachute (pac) embryos the general organization of the hindbrain is disturbed and many rounded cells accumulate loosely in the hindbrain and midbrain ventricles, Mutants in a group of 6 genes, snakehead(snk), natter (nat), otter (ott) fullbrain (ful) viper (vip) and white snake (wis) develop collapsed brain ventricles, before showing signs of general degeneration, atlantis (atl), big head (bid), wicked brain (win), scabland (sbd) and eisspalte (ele) mutants have different malformation of the brain folds, Some of them have transient phenotypes, and mutant individuals may grow up to adults. acknowledgement: We would like to thank Vladimir Korzh, Stefan Krauss, Monte Westerfield, Tom Jessell, Mark Fishman, Eric Weinberg, Andreas Püschel, Trevor Jowett and Jóse Campos-Ortega for providing antibodies and cDNA clones. We thank Suresh Jesuthasan and Tanya Whitfield for many helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Y.-J. J. wants to thank Christian Müller and Ralf Rupp for their instructive discussion. Y.-J. J. is a predoctoral fellow supported by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD). article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yunjin full_name: Jiang, Yunjin last_name: Jiang - first_name: Michael full_name: Brand, Michael last_name: Brand - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Dirk full_name: Beuchle, Dirk last_name: Beuchle - first_name: Makoto full_name: Furutani Seiki, Makoto last_name: Furutani Seiki - first_name: Robert full_name: Kelsh, Robert last_name: Kelsh - first_name: Rachel full_name: Warga, Rachel last_name: Warga - first_name: Michael full_name: Granato, Michael last_name: Granato - first_name: Pascal full_name: Haffter, Pascal last_name: Haffter - first_name: Matthias full_name: Hammerschmidt, Matthias last_name: Hammerschmidt - first_name: Donald full_name: Kane, Donald last_name: Kane - first_name: Mary full_name: Mullins, Mary last_name: Mullins - first_name: Jörg full_name: Odenthal, Jörg last_name: Odenthal - first_name: Fredericus full_name: Van Eeden, Fredericus last_name: Van Eeden - first_name: Christiane full_name: Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane last_name: Nüsslein Volhard citation: ama: Jiang Y, Brand M, Heisenberg C-PJ, et al. Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 1996;123(1):205-216. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.205 apa: Jiang, Y., Brand, M., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Beuchle, D., Furutani Seiki, M., Kelsh, R., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.205 chicago: Jiang, Yunjin, Michael Brand, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Dirk Beuchle, Makoto Furutani Seiki, Robert Kelsh, Rachel Warga, et al. “Mutations Affecting Neurogenesis and Brain Morphology in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.205. ieee: Y. Jiang et al., “Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 205–216, 1996. ista: Jiang Y, Brand M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Beuchle D, Furutani Seiki M, Kelsh R, Warga R, Granato M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Van Eeden F, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 123(1), 205–216. mla: Jiang, Yunjin, et al. “Mutations Affecting Neurogenesis and Brain Morphology in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 205–16, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.205. short: Y. Jiang, M. Brand, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, D. Beuchle, M. Furutani Seiki, R. Kelsh, R. Warga, M. Granato, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, D. Kane, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, F. Van Eeden, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 205–216. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:30Z date_published: 1996-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-05T09:13:51Z day: '01' doi: 10.1242/dev.123.1.205 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '9007241' intvolume: ' 123' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa_version: None page: 205 - 216 pmid: 1 publication: Development publication_identifier: issn: - 0950-1991 publication_status: published publisher: Company of Biologists publist_id: '1926' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 123 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '4215' abstract: - lang: eng text: In a screen for early developmental mutants of the zebrafish, we have identified mutations specifically affecting the internal organs, We identified 53 mutations affecting the cardiovascular system, Nine of them affect specific landmarks of heart morphogenesis. Mutations in four genes cause a failure in the fusion of the bilateral heart primordia, resulting in cardia bifida. In lonely atrium, no heart venticle is visible and the atrium is directly fused to the outflow tract. In the overlooped mutant, the relative position of the two heart chambers is distorted, The heart is enormously enlarged in the santa mutant, In two mutants, scotch tape and superglue, the cardiac jelly between the two layers of the heart is significantly reduced, We also identified a number of mutations affecting the function of the heart, The mutations affecting heart function can be subdivided into two groups, one affecting heart contraction and another affecting the rhythm of the heart beat. Among the contractility group of mutants are 5 with no heart beat at all and 15 with a reduced heart beat of one or both chambers, 6 mutations are in the rhythmicity group and specifically affect the beating pattern of the heart, Mutations in two genes, bypass and kurzschluss, cause specific defects in the circulatory system, In addition to the heart mutants, we identified 23 mutations affecting the integrity of the liver, the intestine or the kidney, In this report, we demonstrate that it is feasible to screen for genes specific for the patterning or function of certain internal organs in the zebrafish, The mutations presented here could serve as an entrypoint to the establishment of a genetic hierarchy underlying organogenesis. acknowledgement: We thank Chris Simpson and Colleen Boggs for excellent technical help. We thank Mark C. Fishman for the advice and providing fish for complementation; Bernadette Fouquet, Kerri S. Warren and Brant M. Weinstein for critically reading the manuscript. JNC is supported in part by NIH grant RO1-HL49579 to Mark C. Fishman. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Jaunian full_name: Chen, Jaunian last_name: Chen - first_name: Pascal full_name: Haffter, Pascal last_name: Haffter - first_name: Jörg full_name: Odenthal, Jörg last_name: Odenthal - first_name: Elisabeth full_name: Vogelsang, Elisabeth last_name: Vogelsang - first_name: Michael full_name: Brand, Michael last_name: Brand - first_name: Fredericus full_name: Van Eeden, Fredericus last_name: Van Eeden - first_name: Makoto full_name: Furutani Seiki, Makoto last_name: Furutani Seiki - first_name: Michael full_name: Granato, Michael last_name: Granato - first_name: Matthias full_name: Hammerschmidt, Matthias last_name: Hammerschmidt - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Yunjin full_name: Jiang, Yunjin last_name: Jiang - first_name: Donald full_name: Kane, Donald last_name: Kane - first_name: Robert full_name: Kelsh, Robert last_name: Kelsh - first_name: Mary full_name: Mullins, Mary last_name: Mullins - first_name: Christiane full_name: Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane last_name: Nüsslein Volhard citation: ama: Chen J, Haffter P, Odenthal J, et al. Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. 1996;123:293-302. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.293 apa: Chen, J., Haffter, P., Odenthal, J., Vogelsang, E., Brand, M., Van Eeden, F., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.293 chicago: Chen, Jaunian, Pascal Haffter, Jörg Odenthal, Elisabeth Vogelsang, Michael Brand, Fredericus Van Eeden, Makoto Furutani Seiki, et al. “Mutations Affecting the Cardiovascular System and Other Internal Organs in Zebrafish.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.293. ieee: J. Chen et al., “Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish,” Development, vol. 123. Company of Biologists, pp. 293–302, 1996. ista: Chen J, Haffter P, Odenthal J, Vogelsang E, Brand M, Van Eeden F, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Hammerschmidt M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. 123, 293–302. mla: Chen, Jaunian, et al. “Mutations Affecting the Cardiovascular System and Other Internal Organs in Zebrafish.” Development, vol. 123, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 293–302, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.293. short: J. Chen, P. Haffter, J. Odenthal, E. Vogelsang, M. Brand, F. Van Eeden, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, M. Hammerschmidt, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 293–302. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:38Z date_published: 1996-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-08-04T13:11:56Z day: '01' doi: 10.1242/dev.123.1.293 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '9007249' intvolume: ' 123' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/293/39344/Mutations-affecting-the-cardiovascular-system-and month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 293 - 302 pmid: 1 publication: Development publication_identifier: issn: - 0950-1991 publication_status: published publisher: Company of Biologists publist_id: '1902' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 123 year: '1996' ... --- _id: '2559' abstract: - lang: eng text: Taking advantage of the restricted expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6 (mGIuR6) in retinal ON bipolar cells, we generated knockout mice lacking mGIuR6 expression. The homozygous mutant mice showed a loss of ON responses but unchanged OFF responses to light. The mutant mice displayed no obvious changes in retinal cell organization nor in the projection of optic fibers to the brain. Furthermore, the mGIuR6-deficient mice showed visual behavioral responses to light stimulation as examined by shuttle box avoidance behavior experiments using light exposure as a conditioned stimulus. The results demonstrate that mGIuR6 is essential in synaptic transmission to the ON bipolar cell and that the OFF response provides an important means for transmitting visual information. acknowledgement: We thank Drs. N. Mizuno, M. Iso, M. Tachibana, A. Kaneko, M. Tessier-Lavigne, and T. Hensch for useful advice and A. Uesugi for photographic assistance. This work is supported by grants in aid for specially promoted research, for scientific research on priority areas, and for scientific research (A) from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture in Japan and by grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Sankyo Foundation, and the Senri Life Science Foundation. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Masu, Masayuki last_name: Masu - first_name: Hideki full_name: Iwakabe, Hideki last_name: Iwakabe - first_name: Yoshiaki full_name: Tagawa, Yoshiaki last_name: Tagawa - first_name: Tomomitsu full_name: Miyoshi, Tomomitsu last_name: Miyoshi - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Yamashita, Masayuki last_name: Yamashita - first_name: Yutaka full_name: Fukuda, Yutaka last_name: Fukuda - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Sasaki, Hitoshi last_name: Sasaki - first_name: Kano full_name: Hiroi, Kano last_name: Hiroi - first_name: Yasuhisa full_name: Nakamura, Yasuhisa last_name: Nakamura - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Masahiko full_name: Takada, Masahiko last_name: Takada - first_name: Kenji full_name: Nakamura, Kenji last_name: Nakamura - first_name: Kazuki full_name: Nakao, Kazuki last_name: Nakao - first_name: Motoya full_name: Katsuki, Motoya last_name: Katsuki - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Masu M, Iwakabe H, Tagawa Y, et al. Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene. Cell. 1995;80(5):757-765. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2 apa: Masu, M., Iwakabe, H., Tagawa, Y., Miyoshi, T., Yamashita, M., Fukuda, Y., … Nakanishi, S. (1995). Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene. Cell. Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2 chicago: Masu, Masayuki, Hideki Iwakabe, Yoshiaki Tagawa, Tomomitsu Miyoshi, Masayuki Yamashita, Yutaka Fukuda, Hitoshi Sasaki, et al. “Specific Deficit of the ON Response in Visual Transmission by Targeted Disruption of the MGIuR6 Gene.” Cell. Cell Press, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2. ieee: M. Masu et al., “Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene,” Cell, vol. 80, no. 5. Cell Press, pp. 757–765, 1995. ista: Masu M, Iwakabe H, Tagawa Y, Miyoshi T, Yamashita M, Fukuda Y, Sasaki H, Hiroi K, Nakamura Y, Shigemoto R, Takada M, Nakamura K, Nakao K, Katsuki M, Nakanishi S. 1995. Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene. Cell. 80(5), 757–765. mla: Masu, Masayuki, et al. “Specific Deficit of the ON Response in Visual Transmission by Targeted Disruption of the MGIuR6 Gene.” Cell, vol. 80, no. 5, Cell Press, 1995, pp. 757–65, doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2. short: M. Masu, H. Iwakabe, Y. Tagawa, T. Miyoshi, M. Yamashita, Y. Fukuda, H. Sasaki, K. Hiroi, Y. Nakamura, R. Shigemoto, M. Takada, K. Nakamura, K. Nakao, M. Katsuki, S. Nakanishi, Cell 80 (1995) 757–765. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:23Z date_published: 1995-02-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T13:27:50Z day: '10' doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90354-2 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7889569' intvolume: ' 80' issue: '5' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0092867495903542 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 757 - 765 pmid: 1 publication: Cell publication_identifier: issn: - 0092-8674 publication_status: published publisher: Cell Press publist_id: '4339' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGIuR6 gene type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 80 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3454' abstract: - lang: eng text: The study of gene expression and regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a daunting task because of the diversity of neuronal phenotypes and the complexity of many protein classes. Molecular cloning revealed the presence of a large number of different protein families in the CNS, each comprising several members. Ligand-gated ion channels may serve as an example to illustrate this point (for review, see Unwin, 1993). Heterologous expression combined with electrophysiological analysis suggests that ligand-gated channels are multimeric proteins with functional properties depending on the subunit composition. Very little is known, however, about how the functional properties of the recombinant and native receptors relate to each other. Thus, it is of eminent importance to elucidate the subunit expression profile in different types of neurons in the CNS and to correlate this with the functional properties of the native receptors. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Hannah full_name: Monyer, Hannah last_name: Monyer - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Monyer H, Jonas PM. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. Single-Channel Recording. Plenum; 1995:357-373. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16' apa: Monyer, H., & Jonas, P. M. (1995). Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In B. Sakmann & E. Neher (Eds.), Single-channel recording (pp. 357–373). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16 chicago: Monyer, Hannah, and Peter M Jonas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices.” In Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, 357–73. Plenum, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16. ieee: H. Monyer and P. M. Jonas, “Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices,” in Single-channel recording, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Eds. Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–373. ista: 'Monyer H, Jonas PM. 1995.Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices. In: Single-channel recording. , 357–373.' mla: Monyer, Hannah, and Peter M. Jonas. “Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices.” Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–73, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16. short: H. Monyer, P.M. Jonas, in:, B. Sakmann, E. Neher (Eds.), Single-Channel Recording, Plenum, 1995, pp. 357–373. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:25Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T09:13:01Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16 editor: - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann - first_name: Erwin full_name: Neher, Erwin last_name: Neher extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_16 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 357 - 373 publication: Single-channel recording publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-0-306-44870-6 publication_status: published publisher: Plenum publist_id: '2933' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Polymerase chain reaction analysis of ion channel expression in single neurons of brain slices type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3455' abstract: - lang: eng text: At a synapse, the transmitter is stored in synaptic vesicles and is released into the synaptic cleft almost instantaneously upon fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Subsequently, the transmitter diffuses to ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic density, binds to them, and thereby causes channel activation. Unfortunately, we have estimates neither of the exact amount of transmitter in the synaptic vesicle nor of the concentration in the synaptic cleft reaching the postsynaptic receptors, and in some cases even the identity of the transmitter is unknown. These questions may be addressed by modeling of release and diffusion. Such a theoretical approach, however, is based on several assumptions, some of which lack experimental evidence. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 citation: ama: 'Jonas PM. Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In: Sakmann B, Neher E, eds. Single-Channel Recording. Plenum; 1995:231-243. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10' apa: Jonas, P. M. (1995). Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In B. Sakmann & E. Neher (Eds.), Single-channel recording (pp. 231–243). Plenum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10 chicago: Jonas, Peter M. “Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patches.” In Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, 231–43. Plenum, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10. ieee: P. M. Jonas, “Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches,” in Single-channel recording, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, Eds. Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–243. ista: 'Jonas PM. 1995.Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches. In: Single-channel recording. , 231–243.' mla: Jonas, Peter M. “Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patches.” Single-Channel Recording, edited by Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–43, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10. short: P.M. Jonas, in:, B. Sakmann, E. Neher (Eds.), Single-Channel Recording, Plenum, 1995, pp. 231–243. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:25Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T08:51:40Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10 editor: - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann - first_name: Erwin full_name: Neher, Erwin last_name: Neher extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1229-9_10 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 231 - 243 publication: Single-channel recording publication_identifier: isbn: - 978-0-306-44870-6 publication_status: published publisher: Plenum publist_id: '2932' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Fast application of agonists to isolated membrane patches type: book_chapter user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3478' abstract: - lang: eng text: 1. Properties of dendritic glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were investigated using fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from the apical dendrites of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. CA3 patches were formed (15-76 μm from the soma) in the region of messy fibre (MF) synapses, and CA1 patches (25-174 μm from the soma) in the region of Schaffer collateral (SC) innervation. 2. Dual-component responses consisting of a rapidly rising and decaying component followed by a second, substantially slower, component were elicited by 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate in the presence of 10 μM glycine and absence of external Mg2+. The fast component was selectively blocked by 2-5 μM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and the slow component by 30 μM D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5), suggesting that the fast and slow components were mediated by the GluR channels of the L-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and NMDA type, respectively. The peak amplitude ratio of the NMDA to AMPA receptor-mediated components varied between 0.03 and 0.62 in patches from both CA3 and CA1 dendrites. Patches lacking either component were rarely observed. 3. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the fast component was almost linear, whereas the I-V relationship of the slow component showed a region of negative slope in the presence of 1 mM external Mg2+. The reversal potential for both components was close to 0 mV. 4. Kainate-preferring GluR channels did not contribute appreciably to the response to glutamate. The responses to 100 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate were mimicked by application of 1 mM AMPA, whereas 1 mM kainate produced much smaller, weakly desensitizing currents. This suggests that the fast component is primarily mediated by the action of glutamate on AMPA-preferring receptors. 5. The mean elementary conductance of AMPA receptor channels was about 10 pS, as estimated by non-stationary fluctuation analysis. The permeability of these channels to Ca2+ was low (~5% of the permeability to Cs+). 6. The elementary conductance of NMDA receptor channels was larger, with a main conductance state of about 45 pS. These channels were 3.6 times more permeable to Ca2+ than to Cs+. 7. AMPA receptor-mediated currents activated rapidly in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate and deactivated with a predominant, fast time constant and a smaller, slower component (τ1≃2 ms, τ2≃8 ms, contributing ~80 and ~20% to the total decay amplitude, respectively). Desensitization of the current during a 100 ms pulse was best fitted by two time constants (τ1≃10 ms, ~60%; τ2≃34 ms, ~40%). 8. NMDA receptor-mediated currents in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate activated and deactivated much more slowly than AMPA receptor-mediated currents. The time course could be described by a single exponential rising phase (τ≃7 ms) followed by a double exponential decay (τ1≃200 ms, ~80%; τ2≃1-3 s, ~20%). 9. Mg2+ blocked the NMDA component in a voltage-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 21 μM at -80 mV. At physiological Mg2+ concentrations, block of the NMDA component could be rapidly relieved with voltage jumps from negative to positive potentials. Block of the current upon return to negative potentials occurred almost instantaneously. 10. Zn2+ also selectively-blocked the NMDA receptor-mediated current with an IC50 of 22 μM, but this block differed from that of Mg2+ in that it showed little voltage dependence. Rapid application of Zn2+ together with glutamate produced partial block of the current. More block was observed if Zn2+ and glutamate were co-applied when NMDA receptor channels were already open. 11. The functional properties of dendritic GluRs were similar to those found at the soma. Knowledge of these properties facilitated simulations investigating the contribution of coactivated AMPA and NMDA receptors to synaptic depolarization and Ca2+ entry into dendritic spines. Because of its slow deactivation, the NMDA receptor-mediated current contributes substantially to depolarization and Ca2+ entry and is susceptible to modulation over a period of seconds, either by backpropagating action potentials or by the release of Zn2+ from presynaptic boutons. acknowledgement: We thank M.Hausser, A.Roth, P.Ruppersberg, and G.Stuart for helpful discussions and M.H. and G.S. for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank M.Kaiser for expert technical assistance and F.Helmchen, M.Huke and A.Roth for computer programming. Financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB317) is gratefully acknowledged. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nelson full_name: Spruston, Nelson last_name: Spruston - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 1995;482(Pt 2):325-352. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 apa: Spruston, N., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1995). Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 chicago: Spruston, Nelson, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521. ieee: N. Spruston, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 482, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 325–352, 1995. ista: Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 482(Pt 2), 325–352. mla: Spruston, Nelson, et al. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 482, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 325–52, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521. short: N. Spruston, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 482 (1995) 325–352. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:32Z date_published: 1995-01-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T08:08:40Z day: '15' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7536248' intvolume: ' 482' issue: Pt 2 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 325 - 352 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2909' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 482 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3479' abstract: - lang: eng text: 1. Glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were studied in basket cells in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices. Basket cells were identified by their location, dendritic morphology and high frequency of action potentials generated during sustained current injection. 2. Dual-component currents were activated by fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from basket cell somata (10 μM glycine, no external Mg2+). The fast component was selectively blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), the slow component by D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5). This suggests that the two components were mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor (AMPAR)/kainate receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels, respectively. The mean ratio of the peak current of the NMDAR component to that of the AMPAR/kainate receptor component was 0.22 (1 ms pulses of 10 mM glutamate). 3. The AMPAR/kainate receptor component, which was studied in isolation in the presence of D-AP5, was identified as AMPAR mediated on the basis of the preferential activation by AMPA as compared with kainate, the weak desensitization of kainate-activated currents, the cross-desensitization between AMPA and kainate, and the reduction of desensitization by cyclothiazide. 4. Deactivation of basket cell AMPARs following 1 ms pulses of glutamate occurred with a time constant (τ) of 1.2 ± 0.1 ms (mean ± S.E.M.). During 100 ms glutamate pulses, AMPARs desensitized with a τ of 3.7 ± 0.2 ms. 5. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relation of AMPAR-mediated currents in Na+-rich extracellular solution showed a reversal potential of -4.0 ± 2.6 mV and was characterized by a doubly rectifying shape. The conductance of single AMPAR channels was estimated as 22.6 ± 1.6 pS using non-stationary fluctuation analysis. AMPARs expressed in hippocampal basket cells mere highly Ca2+ permeable (P(Ca)/P(K) = 1.79). 6. NMDARs in hippocampal basket cells were studied in isolation in the presence of CNQX. Deactivation of NMDARs activated by glutamate pulses occurred bi-exponentially with mean τ values of 266 ± 23 ms (76%) and 2620 ± 383 ms (24%). 7. The peak I-V relation of the NMDAR-mediated component in Na+-rich extracellular solution showed a reversal potential of 1.5 ± 0.6 mV and a region of negative slope at negative membrane potentials in the presence of external Mg2+, due to voltage-dependent block by these ions. The conductance of single NMDAR channels in the main open state was 50.2 ± 1.8 pS. NMDARs in hippocampal basket cells were highly permeable to Ca2+ (P(Ca)/P(K) = 6.68). 8. AMPARs in hippocampal basket cells are characterized by about threefold faster kinetics and twentyfold higher Ca2+ permeability than AMPARs in hippocampal granule or pyramidal cells. Simulations show that the Ca2+ influx through basket cell AMPARs is comparable to that through NMDARs at negative membrane potentials with physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. This suggests a dual pathway of synaptically mediated Ca2+ entry into interneurones. acknowledgement: We thank Drs M.Häusser and H.Markram for critically reading the manuscript and M.Kaiser for technical assistance. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317/B14 grant to P.J. and a Graduiertenkollegstipendium to J.R.P.G.) article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Duk full_name: Koh, Duk last_name: Koh - first_name: Jörg full_name: Geiger, Jörg last_name: Geiger - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Koh D, Geiger J, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. 1995;485(Pt 2):383-402. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737 apa: Koh, D., Geiger, J., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1995). Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737 chicago: Koh, Duk, Jörg Geiger, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA and NMDA Receptor Channels in Basket Cells of Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737. ieee: D. Koh, J. Geiger, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 485, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 383–402, 1995. ista: Koh D, Geiger J, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. 485(Pt 2), 383–402. mla: Koh, Duk, et al. “Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA and NMDA Receptor Channels in Basket Cells of Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 485, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 383–402, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737. short: D. Koh, J. Geiger, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 485 (1995) 383–402. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:33Z date_published: 1995-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T07:54:44Z day: '01' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7545230' intvolume: ' 485' issue: Pt 2 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1158000/pdf/jphysiol00319-0104.pdf month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 383 - 402 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2908' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 485 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3551' abstract: - lang: eng text: Common geometric models for proteins and other molecules are the space filling diagram, the solvent accessible surface, and the molecular surface. We describe software that computes metric properties of these models, including volume and surface area. It also measures voids or empty space enclosed by the protein, and it keeps track of surface area contributions of individual atoms. The software is based on 3-dimensional alpha complexes and on inclusion-exclusion formulas with terms derived from the simplices in this complex. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Michael full_name: Facello, Michael last_name: Facello - first_name: Ping full_name: Fu, Ping last_name: Fu - first_name: Jie full_name: Liang, Jie last_name: Liang citation: ama: 'Edelsbrunner H, Facello M, Fu P, Liang J. Measuring proteins and voids in proteins. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE; 1995:256-264. doi:10.1109/HICSS.1995.375331' apa: 'Edelsbrunner, H., Facello, M., Fu, P., & Liang, J. (1995). Measuring proteins and voids in proteins. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 256–264). Wailea, HI, United States of America: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1995.375331' chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Michael Facello, Ping Fu, and Jie Liang. “Measuring Proteins and Voids in Proteins.” In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 256–64. IEEE, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1995.375331. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, M. Facello, P. Fu, and J. Liang, “Measuring proteins and voids in proteins,” in Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Wailea, HI, United States of America, 1995, pp. 256–264. ista: 'Edelsbrunner H, Facello M, Fu P, Liang J. 1995. Measuring proteins and voids in proteins. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. HICSS: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 256–264.' mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “Measuring Proteins and Voids in Proteins.” Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, 1995, pp. 256–64, doi:10.1109/HICSS.1995.375331. short: H. Edelsbrunner, M. Facello, P. Fu, J. Liang, in:, Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE, 1995, pp. 256–264. conference: end_date: 1995-01-06 location: Wailea, HI, United States of America name: 'HICSS: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences' start_date: 1995-01-03 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:55Z date_published: 1995-01-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-27T13:54:41Z day: '04' doi: 10.1109/HICSS.1995.375331 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/375331 month: '01' oa_version: None page: 256 - 264 publication: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences publication_identifier: isbn: - 0-8186-6930-6 publication_status: published publisher: IEEE publist_id: '2834' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Measuring proteins and voids in proteins type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '3640' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The probability of fixation of a favorable mutation is reduced if selection at other loci causes inherited variation in fitness. A general method for calculating the fixation probability of an allele that can find itself in a variety of genetic backgrounds is applied to find the effect of substitutions, fluctuating polymorphisms, and deleterious mutations in a large population. With loose linkage, r, the effects depend on the additive genetic variance in relative fitness, var(W), and act by reducing effective population size by (N/Ne) = 1 + var(W)/2r2. However, tightly linked loci can have a substantial effect not predictable from Ne. Linked deleterious mutations reduce the fixation probability of weakly favored alleles by exp (-2U/R), where U is the total mutation rate and R is the map length in Morgans. Substitutions can cause a greater reduction: an allele with advantage s < scrit = (pi 2/6) loge (S/s) [var(W)/R] is very unlikely to be fixed. (S is the advantage of the substitution impeding fixation.) Fluctuating polymorphisms at many (n) linked loci can also have a substantial effect, reducing fixation probability by exp [square root of 2Kn var(W)/R] [K = -1/E((u-u)2/uv) depending on the frequencies (u,v) at the selected polymorphisms]. Hitchhiking due to all three kinds of selection may substantially impede adaptation that depends on weakly favored alleles.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 1995;140(2):821-841. doi: 10.1093/genetics/140.2.821 apa: Barton, N. H. (1995). Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. Genetics Society of America. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/genetics/140.2.821 chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” Genetics. Genetics Society of America, 1995. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/genetics/140.2.821. ieee: N. H. Barton, “Linkage and the limits to natural selection,” Genetics, vol. 140, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 821–841, 1995. ista: Barton NH. 1995. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 140(2), 821–841. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” Genetics, vol. 140, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 1995, pp. 821–41, doi: 10.1093/genetics/140.2.821. short: N.H. Barton, Genetics 140 (1995) 821–841. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:23Z date_published: 1995-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-06-30T10:18:45Z day: '01' doi: ' 10.1093/genetics/140.2.821' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7498757' intvolume: ' 140' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa_version: Published Version page: 821 - 841 pmid: 1 publication: Genetics publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6731 publication_status: published publisher: Genetics Society of America publist_id: '2743' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Linkage and the limits to natural selection type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 140 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2557' abstract: - lang: eng text: The distribution of the metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 was immunohistochemically examined in the rat cerebellar cortex at both light and electron microscope levels. An antibody was raised against a fusion protein containing a C-terminal portion of mGluR2. On immunoblot, the antibody reacted with both mGluR2 and mGluR3 in rat brain. mGluR2/3 immunoreactivity was expressed in cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals of Golgi cells, as well as in presumed glial processes. Golgi axon terminals with mGluR2/3 immunoreactivity were often encountered in the vicinity of glutamatergic mossy fiber terminals. The results suggest that transmitter glutamate may exert control influences upon Golgi cells not only through dendritic mGluR2/3, but also through axonal mGluR2/3. acknowledgement: "We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic help. This work has been supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part\r\nby the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. " article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Hitoshi full_name: Ohishi, Hitoshi last_name: Ohishi - first_name: Reiko full_name: Ogawa Meguro, Reiko last_name: Ogawa Meguro - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Takeshi full_name: Kaneko, Takeshi last_name: Kaneko - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno citation: ama: Ohishi H, Ogawa Meguro R, Shigemoto R, Kaneko T, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. Immunohistochemical localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 and mGluR3, in rat cerebellar cortex. Neuron. 1994;13(1):55-66. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90459-6 apa: Ohishi, H., Ogawa Meguro, R., Shigemoto, R., Kaneko, T., Nakanishi, S., & Mizuno, N. (1994). Immunohistochemical localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 and mGluR3, in rat cerebellar cortex. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(94)90459-6 chicago: Ohishi, Hitoshi, Reiko Ogawa Meguro, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Takeshi Kaneko, Shigetada Nakanishi, and Noboru Mizuno. “Immunohistochemical Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR2 and MGluR3, in Rat Cerebellar Cortex.” Neuron. Elsevier, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(94)90459-6. ieee: H. Ohishi, R. Ogawa Meguro, R. Shigemoto, T. Kaneko, S. Nakanishi, and N. Mizuno, “Immunohistochemical localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 and mGluR3, in rat cerebellar cortex,” Neuron, vol. 13, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 55–66, 1994. ista: Ohishi H, Ogawa Meguro R, Shigemoto R, Kaneko T, Nakanishi S, Mizuno N. 1994. Immunohistochemical localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 and mGluR3, in rat cerebellar cortex. Neuron. 13(1), 55–66. mla: Ohishi, Hitoshi, et al. “Immunohistochemical Localization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR2 and MGluR3, in Rat Cerebellar Cortex.” Neuron, vol. 13, no. 1, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 55–66, doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90459-6. short: H. Ohishi, R. Ogawa Meguro, R. Shigemoto, T. Kaneko, S. Nakanishi, N. Mizuno, Neuron 13 (1994) 55–66. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:22Z date_published: 1994-07-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-07T13:21:58Z day: '01' doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90459-6 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8043281' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0896627394904596?via%3Dihub month: '07' oa_version: None page: 55 - 66 pmid: 1 publication: Neuron publication_identifier: issn: - 0896-6273 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '4342' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Immunohistochemical localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR2 and mGluR3, in rat cerebellar cortex type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 13 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '3475' abstract: - lang: eng text: '1. A potassium channel activated by internal Na+ ions (K+Na channel) was identified in peripheral myelinated axons of Xenopus laevis using the cell-attached and excised configurations of the patch clamp technique. 2. The single-channel conductance for the main open state was 88 pS with [K+]o = 105 mM and pS with [K+]o = 2.5 mM ([K+]i = 105 mM). The channel was selectively permeable to K+ over Na+ ions. A characteristic feature of the K+Na channel was the frequent occurrence of subconductance states. 3. The open probability of the channel was strongly dependent on the concentration of Na+ ions at the inner side of the membrane. The half-maximal activating Na+ concentration and the Hill coefficient were 33 mM and 2.9, respectively. The open probability of the channel showed only weak potential dependence. 4. The K+Na channel was relatively insensitive to external tetraethylammonium (TEA+) in comparison with voltage-dependent axonal K+ channels; the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 21.3 mM (at -90 mV). In contrast, the channel was blocked by low concentrations of external Ba2+ and Cs+ ions, with IC50 values of 0.7 and 1.1 mM, respectively (at -90 mV). The block by Ba2+ and Cs+ was more pronounced at negative than at positive membrane potentials. 5. A comparison of the number of K+Na channels in nodal and paranodal patches from the same axon revealed that the channel density was about 10-fold higher at the node of Ranvier than at the paranode. Moreover, a correlation between the number of K+Na channels and voltage-dependent Na+ channels in the same patches was found, suggesting co-localization of both channel types. 6. As weakly potential-dependent (''leakage'') channels, axonal K+Na channels may be involved in setting the resting potential of vertebrate axons. Simulations of Na+ ion diffusion suggest two possible mechanisms of activation of K+Na channels: the local increase of Na+ concentration in a cluster of Na+ channels during a single action potential or the accumulation in the intracellular axonal compartment during a train of action potentials.' acknowledgement: 'We thank Drs M.Häusser and A. Villarroel for critically reading the manuscript, Dr E. v. Kitzing and A. Roth for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vo188/13-2). ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Duk full_name: Koh, Duk last_name: Koh - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Werner full_name: Vogel, Werner last_name: Vogel citation: ama: Koh D, Jonas PM, Vogel W. Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. 1994;479:183-197. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287 apa: Koh, D., Jonas, P. M., & Vogel, W. (1994). Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287 chicago: Koh, Duk, Peter M Jonas, and Werner Vogel. “Na+-Activated K+ Channels Localized in the Nodal Region of Myelinated Axons of Xenopus.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287. ieee: D. Koh, P. M. Jonas, and W. Vogel, “Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 479. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 183–197, 1994. ista: Koh D, Jonas PM, Vogel W. 1994. Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. 479, 183–197. mla: Koh, Duk, et al. “Na+-Activated K+ Channels Localized in the Nodal Region of Myelinated Axons of Xenopus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 479, Wiley-Blackwell, 1994, pp. 183–97, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287. short: D. Koh, P.M. Jonas, W. Vogel, Journal of Physiology 479 (1994) 183–197. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z date_published: 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-03T11:09:21Z day: '01' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7799220 ' intvolume: ' 479' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1155738/ month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 183 - 197 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2912' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 479 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '3641' abstract: - lang: eng text: The probability of fixation of a mutation with selective advantage s will be reduced by substitutions at other loci. The effect of a single substitution, with selective advantage S0016672300032857inline1, can be approximated as a sudden reduction in the frequency of the favourable allele, by a fraction w = 1 −(s/S)r/s (where r is the recombination rate). An expression for the effect of a given sequence of such catastrophes is derived. This also applies to the ecological prxoblem of finding the probability that a small population will survive, despite occasional disasters. It is shown that if substitutions occur at a rate Δ, and are scattered randomly over a genetic map of length R, then an allele is unlikely to be fixed if its advantage is less than a critical value, Scrit = (π2/6)(2ΔS/(Rlog(S/s))). This threshold depends primarily on the variance in fitness per unit map length dueto substitutions, var(W)/R = 2ΔS/R. With no recombination, the fixation probability can be calculated for a finite population. If Δ > s, it is of the same order as for a neutral allele ( ≈ Δ/(2N(Δ−s))), whilst if S0016672300032857inline2, fixation probability is much higher than for a neutral allele, but much lower than in the absence of hitch-hiking S0016672300032857inline3. These results suggest that hitch-hiking may substantially impede the accumulation of weakly favoured adaptations. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. The reduction in fixation probability caused by substitutions at linked loci. Genetical Research. 1994;64(3):199-208. doi:10.1017/S0016672300032857 apa: Barton, N. H. (1994). The reduction in fixation probability caused by substitutions at linked loci. Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300032857 chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Reduction in Fixation Probability Caused by Substitutions at Linked Loci.” Genetical Research. Cambridge University Press, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300032857 . ieee: N. H. Barton, “The reduction in fixation probability caused by substitutions at linked loci,” Genetical Research, vol. 64, no. 3. Cambridge University Press, pp. 199–208, 1994. ista: Barton NH. 1994. The reduction in fixation probability caused by substitutions at linked loci. Genetical Research. 64(3), 199–208. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Reduction in Fixation Probability Caused by Substitutions at Linked Loci.” Genetical Research, vol. 64, no. 3, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 199–208, doi:10.1017/S0016672300032857 . short: N.H. Barton, Genetical Research 64 (1994) 199–208. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:23Z date_published: 1994-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-03T08:34:32Z day: '01' doi: '10.1017/S0016672300032857 ' extern: '1' intvolume: ' 64' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/reduction-in-fixation-probability-caused-by-substitutions-at-linked-loci/458BBF3E7FE92E4EA6AFB2B000A98945 month: '12' oa_version: None page: 199 - 208 publication: Genetical Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6723 publication_status: published publisher: Cambridge University Press publist_id: '2742' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The reduction in fixation probability caused by substitutions at linked loci type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 64 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '3474' abstract: - lang: eng text: 1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded in CA3 pyramidal cells of hippocampal slices of 15- to 24-day-old rats (22 degrees C) using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. 2. Composite EPSCs were evoked by extracellular stimulation of the mossy fibre tract. Using the selective blockers 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV), a major alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor-mediated component and a minor NMDA receptor-mediated component with slower time course were distinguished. For the AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated component, the peak current-voltage (I-V) relation was linear, with a reversal potential close to 0 mV. The half-maximal blocking concentration of CNQX was 353 nM. 3. Unitary EPSCs of the mossy fibre terminal (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse were evoked at membrane potentials of -70 to -90 mV by low-intensity extracellular stimulation of granule cell somata using fine-tipped pipettes. The EPSC peak amplitude as a function of stimulus intensity showed all-or-none behaviour. The region of low threshold was restricted to a few micrometres. This suggests that extracellular stimulation was focal, and that the stimulus-evoked EPSCs were unitary. 4. Latency and rise time histograms of EPSCs evoked by granule cell stimulation showed narrow unimodal distributions within each experiment. The mean latency was 4.2 +/- 1.0 ms, and the mean 20-80% rise time was 0.6 +/- 0.1 ms (23 cells). When fitted within the range 0.7 ms to 20 ms after the peak, the decay of the EPSCs with the fastest rise (rise time 0.5 ms or less) could be described by a single exponential function; the mean time constant was in the range 3.0-6.6 ms with a mean of 4.8 ms (8 cells). 5. Peak amplitudes of the EPSCs evoked by suprathreshold granule cell stimulation fluctuated between trials. The apparent EPSC peak conductance in normal extracellular solution (2 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+), excluding failures, was 1 nS. Reducing the Ca2+ concentration and increasing the Mg2+ concentration reduced the mean peak amplitude in a concentration-dependent manner. 6. Peaks in EPSC peak amplitude distributions were apparent in low Ca2+ and high Mg2+. Using the criteria of equidistance and the presence of peaks and dips in the autocorrelation function, five of nine EPSC peak amplitude distributions were judged to be quantal. acknowledgement: "We are indebted to Professor B. Katz for critically reading the manuscript and for helpful suggestions. We especially thank Professor D. Colquhoun for several discussions, for generously providing the source codes of programs for maximum-likelihood fit with sums of Gaussian functions, a routine for calculating the error function and for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank Drs A. Larkman, P. Ruppersberg, N. Spuston and G. Stuart for critically reading the manuscript, P. Andersen, B. Betz, J. Evans, K. Harris, E. v. Kitzing, R. Rahamimov and K. Stratford for helpful discussions, and J. J. B. Jack for much-needed advice and guidance to G.M. We thank K. Bauer, F. Helmchen, M. Huke, B. Manz and especially A. Roth for computer programming, B. Werner for typing the manuscript, and M. Kaiser for excellent technical assistance. Part of the project was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317)\r\nand the Wellcome Trust." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Guy full_name: Major, Guy last_name: Major - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology. 1993;472:615-663. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 apa: Jonas, P. M., Major, G., & Sakmann, B. (1993). Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 chicago: Jonas, Peter M, Guy Major, and Bert Sakmann. “Quantal Components of Unitary EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965. ieee: P. M. Jonas, G. Major, and B. Sakmann, “Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 472. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 615–663, 1993. ista: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. 1993. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology. 472, 615–663. mla: Jonas, Peter M., et al. “Quantal Components of Unitary EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 472, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 615–63, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965. short: P.M. Jonas, G. Major, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 472 (1993) 615–663. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-30T09:33:19Z day: '01' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7908327' intvolume: ' 472' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1160505 month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 615 - 663 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2913' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 472 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2532' abstract: - lang: eng text: In the present study, we have investigated the expression of both the erythrocyte-type (GLUT1) and the brain-type (GLUT3) glucose transporter isoforms in primary human brain tumors. In situ hybridization made it possible to localize and semiquantify both GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNAs of individual cells in all 18 samples examined. More signals for GLUT3 mRNA than for GLUT1 mRNA were found over astrocytoma cells, while the reverse was the case in all 6 meningiomas. In astrocytomas, for both mRNAs, the density of silver grains over tumor cells was well correlated with the malignancy of the cells. This correlation was, as was also confirmed by Northern blot analysis, more marked with GLUT3 mRNA than with GLUT1 mRNA. In 2 of 5 anaplastic astrocytomas and in all 3 glioblastomas, numerous tumor cells with large amounts of both mRNAs tended to surround the perivascular regions. 'Tumor vessels' with endothelial proliferation, an almost pathognomonic feature of glioblastomas, expressed much GLUT3 mRNA but no significant GLUT1 mRNA, while a single- or a few-layered capillary endothelium expressed much GLUT1 mRNA. The distribution of both mRNAs was in good accordance with that of both proteins. Our results suggest that the expression of both glucose transporter isoforms may contribute to the maintenance of human brain tumors and that the expression of the GLUT3 isoform may be closely related to the malignant change of astrocytomas and particularly related to the aberrant neovascularization which accompanies glioblastomas. acknowledgement: 'We wish to acknowledge generous donations of human samples by the following neurosurgeons: Drs. Taro Fukumitsu. Akinori Kondo, Toyoshiro Yamamoto, Juji Takeuchi, Junya Hanakita, Syunichi Yoneda, and Michio Nishikawa. We are very grateful to Dr. G. I. Bell (The University of Chicago) for providing the cDNA clones of GLUTI and GLUT3. We thank Drs. Yoshifumi Yokota, Yuichiro Yamada. and Manabu Fukumoto for their helpful advice. We also thank Yoshinobu Toda and Hiroko Sato for their expert technical assistance. Supported in part by Grants in Aids for Basic Research on Radiation Therapy (03151034) and Special Project Research on Cancer Bio-Science from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, by Takeda Medical Foundation, and by Monbusho International Scientific Research: Joint Research.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Tatsuya full_name: Nishioka, Tatsuya last_name: Nishioka - first_name: Yoshifumi full_name: Oda, Yoshifumi last_name: Oda - first_name: Yutaka full_name: Seino, Yutaka last_name: Seino - first_name: Taizo full_name: Yamamoto, Taizo last_name: Yamamoto - first_name: Nobuya full_name: Inagaki, Nobuya last_name: Inagaki - first_name: Hideki full_name: Yano, Hideki last_name: Yano - first_name: Hiroo full_name: Imura, Hiroo last_name: Imura - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Haruhiko full_name: Kikuchi, Haruhiko last_name: Kikuchi citation: ama: Nishioka T, Oda Y, Seino Y, et al. Distribution of the glucose transporters in human brain tumors. Cancer Research. 1992;52(14):3972-3979. apa: Nishioka, T., Oda, Y., Seino, Y., Yamamoto, T., Inagaki, N., Yano, H., … Kikuchi, H. (1992). Distribution of the glucose transporters in human brain tumors. Cancer Research. American Association for Cancer Research. chicago: Nishioka, Tatsuya, Yoshifumi Oda, Yutaka Seino, Taizo Yamamoto, Nobuya Inagaki, Hideki Yano, Hiroo Imura, Ryuichi Shigemoto, and Haruhiko Kikuchi. “Distribution of the Glucose Transporters in Human Brain Tumors.” Cancer Research. American Association for Cancer Research, 1992. ieee: T. Nishioka et al., “Distribution of the glucose transporters in human brain tumors,” Cancer Research, vol. 52, no. 14. American Association for Cancer Research, pp. 3972–3979, 1992. ista: Nishioka T, Oda Y, Seino Y, Yamamoto T, Inagaki N, Yano H, Imura H, Shigemoto R, Kikuchi H. 1992. Distribution of the glucose transporters in human brain tumors. Cancer Research. 52(14), 3972–3979. mla: Nishioka, Tatsuya, et al. “Distribution of the Glucose Transporters in Human Brain Tumors.” Cancer Research, vol. 52, no. 14, American Association for Cancer Research, 1992, pp. 3972–79. short: T. Nishioka, Y. Oda, Y. Seino, T. Yamamoto, N. Inagaki, H. Yano, H. Imura, R. Shigemoto, H. Kikuchi, Cancer Research 52 (1992) 3972–3979. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:13Z date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-17T15:38:42Z day: '01' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '1617673' intvolume: ' 52' issue: '14' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/52/14/3972/497930/Distribution-of-the-Glucose-Transporters-in-Human month: '01' oa_version: None page: 3972 - 3979 pmid: 1 publication: Cancer Research publication_identifier: issn: - 0008-5472 publication_status: published publisher: American Association for Cancer Research publist_id: '4367' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Distribution of the glucose transporters in human brain tumors type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 52 year: '1992' ... --- _id: '3470' abstract: - lang: eng text: Currents activated by glutamate receptor (GluR) agonists were recorded from outside-out patches isolated from the soma of visually identified pyramidal neurones of the (CA3 and CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). L-glutamate (L-Glu), and kainate (KA) were delivered either by bath application through perfusion of the recording chamber or by rapid application via a piezo-driven two-barrelled fast application system. 2. Bath application of each of the three agonists activated inward currents in all patches (n = 134) at holding potentials of -50 or -60 mV. The current amplitude increased in size between 3 to 30 μM-AMPA and 100 μM to 1 mM-KA. With this slow mode of bath application, the responses showed no apparent desensitization even at saturating concentrations of AMPA (30 μM) and KA (1 mM). 3. The ratio of currents activated by 30 μM-AMPA and 300 μM-KA showed a characteristic difference between CA3 and CA1 neurones. The ratio was 0.242 ± 0.028 (mean ± S.E.M., n = 16) for CA3 cell patches and 0.097 ± 0.012 (n = 8) for CA1 cell patches indicating that GluRs in the two cell populations are different. 4. The steady-state current-voltage relations (I-Vs) for AMPA- and KA-activated currents showed pronounced outward rectification for both cell types (when the main cations are Na+ in the bath and Cs+ in the pipette solution). The current reversed close to 0 mV and the ratio of chord conductances 80 mV on either side of the reversal potential was 2.66 for KA-activated currents in CA3 cell patches and 2.60 in CA1 cell patches. AMPA-activated currents showed a time-dependent increase after steps to positive membrane potentials and a decrease after steps to negative voltages, indicating that a gating process is responsible for outward rectification of the steady-state I-IV. 5. The permeability (P) of GluR channels was high for Na+ as compared to Cs+ for both cell types (P(Na)/P(Cs) = 0.88 and 0.84). The permeability was low for N-methyl-D-glucamine+ (P(NMG)/P(Cs) ≤ 0.03) and Ca2+ (P(Ca)/P(Cs) ≤0.05). 6. The current noise level increased during application of AMPA or KA. Apparent single-channel conductances obtained from fluctuation analysis were higher for AMPA than for KA, but similar for both cell types. In CA3 cell patches, AMPA activated channels with an apparent chord conductance of 7.2 pS, KA of 3.0 pS conductance. 7. Fast agonist application revealed desensitization of GluR channels which was dependent on the type of agonist, currents activated by AMPA and L-Glu rose rapidly to a peak and then desensitized to a steady-state current. In contrast, currents activated by fast application of KA rose to a plateau and did not desensitize. The steady state current expressed as a percentage of the peak current was higher for L-Glu than for AMPA and slightly higher for CA3 than for CA1 cell patches. For CA3 cell patches, this fraction amounted to 6.2 %, with 300 μM-L-Glu and 2.8%, with 300 μM-AMPA. For CA1 cell patches, corresponding values were 3.6 and 1.9 % 8. The dose response relations for the peak current activated by AMPA and L-Glu and the steady-state current activated by KA were similar for CA3 and CA1 cell patches. The order of potency was AMPA > L-Glu ≃ KA for both cell types EC50 values 189, 342 and 344 μM for CA3 cell patches and 183, 424 and 474 μM for CA1 cell patches). In all cases, the Hill coefficients ranged between 12 and 1.7. 8. The rise of AMPA and L-Glu-activated currents became faster with increasing agonist concentration for both cell types. With L-Glu, rise times decreased from about 3 ms at 100 μM to 500 μs at 3 mM. The delay for agonist concentrations ≥ 300 μM was described by the sum of two exponential functions. The time constant of the predominant fast component was slightly concentration dependent and decreased from about 12 ms at 300 μM to 8 ms at 3 mM-L-Glu. 10. The current voltage relations of the peak currents activated by 300 μM-AMPA were linear for both cell types with a reversal potential close to OmV. 11. It is concluded that the GluR channels in pyramidal cells of hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions are distinet but share many pharmacological and functional properties. Comparison of the properties of native and recombinant GluRs suggests that in both CA3 and CA1 regions GluR channels are hetero-oligomers containing the GluR-B subunit. acknowledgement: "We thank Dr D. Colquhoun, Dr J. P. Ruppersberg and Dr T. A. Verdoorn for critically reading the manuscript, K. Bauer, C. Busch and F. Helmchen for computer programming, and M. Kaiser for technical assistance. \r\n" article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. 1992;455:143-171. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 apa: Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1992). Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 chicago: Jonas, Peter M, and Bert Sakmann. “Glutamate Receptor Channels in Isolated Patches from CA1 and CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 . ieee: P. M. Jonas and B. Sakmann, “Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 455. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 143–171, 1992. ista: Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1992. Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. 455, 143–171. mla: Jonas, Peter M., and Bert Sakmann. “Glutamate Receptor Channels in Isolated Patches from CA1 and CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 455, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 143–71, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 . short: P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 455 (1992) 143–171. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z date_published: 1992-09-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-16T13:01:55Z day: '01' doi: '10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 ' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '1282929 ' intvolume: ' 455' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 143 - 171 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2917' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 455 year: '1992' ... --- _id: '3471' abstract: - lang: eng text: 1. Outside-out patches were isolated from granule cells of dentate gyrus and pyramidal cells of CA3 and CA1 regions of rat hippocampal slices. Patches were exposed briefly to L-glutamate using a piezo-driven double-barrelled application pipette. 2. Applications of glutamate (1 mM) of 1 ms duration activated patch currents which rose and decayed rapidly. The 20-80% rise time of these glutamate receptor (GluR)-mediated currents was usually 0.2-0.6 ms. At -50 mV the peak current varied from 10 to 500 pA in different patches. 3. The peak current-voltage relation for brief pulses of 1 mM glutamate was virtually linear in normal extracellular solution for patches from the three cell types (-100 to 60 mV). 4. The permeability of GluR channels activated at the peak to Ca2+, relative to K+, was less than 0.1 for all three cell types (under bi-ionic conditions with Ca2+ on the extracellular side and K+ on the intracellular side of the membrane). 5. The offset decay time constant of the current following 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate was brief, with mean values of 3.0 +/- 0.8, 2.5 +/- 0.7, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 ms for dentate, CA3 and CA1 cell patches, respectively. Offset time constants were independent of membrane potential and independent of glutamate concentration (200 microM and 1 mM) for the three cell types. 6. Applications of 1 mM glutamate of 100 ms duration showed that glutamate responses desensitized rapidly. The time constants for desensitization were 9.4 +/- 2.7, 11.3 +/- 2.8, and 9.3 +/- 2.8 ms for patches from dentate, CA3 and CA1 cells respectively. Desensitization time constants were only weakly dependent on glutamate concentration (200 microM and 1 mM) for the three cell types. Thus offset time constants are about four times faster than desensitization time constants for both glutamate concentrations. 7. Double pulse application of glutamate indicated that even a 1 ms pulse of 1 mM glutamate causes partial (about 60%) desensitization of GluR channels. The time course of recovery from desensitization was slower in dentate gyrus granule cell patches than in CA3 or CA1 pyramidal cell patches. 8. Desensitization was studied at equilibrium by exposing patches to low glutamate concentrations for at least 15 s before a 1 ms test pulse of 1 mM glutamate. acknowledgement: 'We thank Drs N.Burnashev, P. Ruppersberg , and G.Stuart for critically reading the manuscript, and Marlies Kaiser for technical assistance. D.C.is a recipient of a Humboldt prize. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: D. full_name: Colquhoun, D. last_name: Colquhoun - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann citation: ama: Colquhoun D, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. 1992;458:261-287. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417 apa: Colquhoun, D., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1992). Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417 chicago: Colquhoun, D., Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Action of Brief Pulses of Glutamate on AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Patches from Different Neurones of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417. ieee: D. Colquhoun, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 458. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 261–287, 1992. ista: Colquhoun D, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1992. Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology. 458, 261–287. mla: Colquhoun, D., et al. “Action of Brief Pulses of Glutamate on AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Patches from Different Neurones of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 458, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 261–87, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417. short: D. Colquhoun, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 458 (1992) 261–287. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z date_published: 1992-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-16T12:41:01Z day: '01' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '1338788' intvolume: ' 458' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1175155/ month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 261 - 287 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2916' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 458 year: '1992' ... --- _id: '3645' abstract: - lang: eng text: Three components of mating call (pulse duration, cycle length, and fundamental frequency) were measured and six diagnostic enzyme loci scored across the hybrid zone between the toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. All three call components differ significantly, but only cycle length is diagnostic. The clines in call coincide with those for enzymes, and have similar widths. This suggests that there is no strong selection on any of these characters. There are significant correlations between electrophoretic markers and call components, but these are no stronger than would be expected if the electrophoretic loci and the genes causing mating call were neutral. The selection differential on the call is no greater than 6% of the difference in mean cycle length between the two taxa. There is a substantial increase in the variance of cycle length in the center of the zone, suggesting that a small number of loci are involved (≈ three). Recombination between these loci will hinder the evolution of reinforcement and may partly be responsible for the lack of premating isolation between B. bombina and B. variegata. acknowledgement: 'Thanks are due to Drs. A. Leibowitz and P. Mason for help in the field. N.S. would like to thank Drs. K. Ibrahim and R. Nich-ols for discussions, and the Szymura family for their hospitality on his visits to Poland. Dr. R. Butlin provided the program to fit tanh curves to dines. The referees, Prof. A. J. Cain, Ms. L. Humpage and Dr. J. S. Jones made helpful remarks on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Ms. L. Ringrose translated articles from German. N.S. was supported by a NERC studentship, a NERC fellowship and the DHSS, J.S. was supported by the Polish Academy of Sciences (project MRII/ 6), and N.B. by grants from NERC (GR3/ 8002) and SERC (GR/E/08507). ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Neil full_name: Sanderson, Neil last_name: Sanderson - first_name: Jacek full_name: Szymura, Jacek last_name: Szymura - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Sanderson N, Szymura J, Barton NH. Variation in mating call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. Evolution. 1992;46(3):595-607. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x apa: Sanderson, N., Szymura, J., & Barton, N. H. (1992). Variation in mating call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x chicago: Sanderson, Neil, Jacek Szymura, and Nicholas H Barton. “Variation in Mating Call across the Hybrid Zone between the Fire-Bellied Toads Bombina Bombina and B. Variegata.” Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x. ieee: N. Sanderson, J. Szymura, and N. H. Barton, “Variation in mating call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata,” Evolution, vol. 46, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 595–607, 1992. ista: Sanderson N, Szymura J, Barton NH. 1992. Variation in mating call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. Evolution. 46(3), 595–607. mla: Sanderson, Neil, et al. “Variation in Mating Call across the Hybrid Zone between the Fire-Bellied Toads Bombina Bombina and B. Variegata.” Evolution, vol. 46, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 595–607, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x. short: N. Sanderson, J. Szymura, N.H. Barton, Evolution 46 (1992) 595–607. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:24Z date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-16T09:52:55Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '28568664' intvolume: ' 46' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02068.x month: '01' oa_version: None page: 595 - 607 pmid: 1 publication: Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - 0014-3820 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2738' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Variation in mating call across the hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 46 year: '1992' ... --- _id: '4065' abstract: - lang: eng text: We prove that given n⩾3 convex, compact, and pairwise disjoint sets in the plane, they may be covered with n non-overlapping convex polygons with a total of not more than 6n−9 sides, and with not more than 3n−6 distinct slopes. Furthermore, we construct sets that require 6n−9 sides and 3n−6 slopes for n⩾3. The upper bound on the number of slopes implies a new bound on a recently studied transversal problem. acknowledgement: 'The first author acknowledges the support by Amoco Fnd. Fat. Dev. Comput. Sci. l-6-44862. Work on this paper by the second author was supported by a Shell Fellowship in Computer Science. The third author as supported by the office of Naval Research under grant NOOO14-86K-0416. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Arch full_name: Robison, Arch last_name: Robison - first_name: Xiao full_name: Shen, Xiao last_name: Shen citation: ama: Edelsbrunner H, Robison A, Shen X. Covering convex sets with non-overlapping polygons. Discrete Mathematics. 1990;81(2):153-164. doi:10.1016/0012-365X(90)90147-A apa: Edelsbrunner, H., Robison, A., & Shen, X. (1990). Covering convex sets with non-overlapping polygons. Discrete Mathematics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365X(90)90147-A chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Arch Robison, and Xiao Shen. “Covering Convex Sets with Non-Overlapping Polygons.” Discrete Mathematics. Elsevier, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365X(90)90147-A. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, A. Robison, and X. Shen, “Covering convex sets with non-overlapping polygons,” Discrete Mathematics, vol. 81, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 153–164, 1990. ista: Edelsbrunner H, Robison A, Shen X. 1990. Covering convex sets with non-overlapping polygons. Discrete Mathematics. 81(2), 153–164. mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “Covering Convex Sets with Non-Overlapping Polygons.” Discrete Mathematics, vol. 81, no. 2, Elsevier, 1990, pp. 153–64, doi:10.1016/0012-365X(90)90147-A. short: H. Edelsbrunner, A. Robison, X. Shen, Discrete Mathematics 81 (1990) 153–164. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:44Z date_published: 1990-04-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-02-22T15:45:55Z day: '15' doi: 10.1016/0012-365X(90)90147-A extern: '1' intvolume: ' 81' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012365X9090147A?via%3Dihub month: '04' oa_version: None page: 153 - 164 publication: Discrete Mathematics publication_identifier: eissn: - 1872-681X issn: - 0012-365X publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '2060' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Covering convex sets with non-overlapping polygons type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 81 year: '1990' ...