---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: closed access
_id: '22530'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Water Use Efficiency (WUE) expresses the trade-off between carbon assimilation
    (or subsequent carbon storage) and water release, two concurrent gas fluxes essential
    for plant functioning. Here, we review metrics that have been introduced to quantify
    WUE across spatial and temporal scales and corresponding observational methods.
    The physiological and environmental dependencies of WUE for crops and unmanaged
    ecosystems are discussed with a quantitative examination of observed and simulated
    WUE values. A constrained range of WUE across ecosystems and climates is highlighted.
    However, WUE increased considerably in the past century in response to growing
    atmospheric CO2 concentration and it will likely continue along the same trajectory
    in the near future.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Simone
  full_name: Fatichi, Simone
  id: cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6
  last_name: Fatichi
- first_name: Athanasios
  full_name: Paschalis, Athanasios
  last_name: Paschalis
- first_name: Sara
  full_name: Bonetti, Sara
  last_name: Bonetti
- first_name: Gabriele
  full_name: Manoli, Gabriele
  last_name: Manoli
- first_name: Christoforos
  full_name: Pappas, Christoforos
  last_name: Pappas
citation:
  ama: 'Fatichi S, Paschalis A, Bonetti S, Manoli G, Pappas C. Water use efficiency:
    A review of spatial and temporal variability. In: Goss MJ, Oliver M, eds. <i>Encyclopedia
    of Soils in the Environment</i>. Vol 5. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2023:527-542. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x">10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x</a>'
  apa: 'Fatichi, S., Paschalis, A., Bonetti, S., Manoli, G., &#38; Pappas, C. (2023).
    Water use efficiency: A review of spatial and temporal variability. In M. J. Goss
    &#38; M. Oliver (Eds.), <i>Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment</i> (2nd ed.,
    Vol. 5, pp. 527–542). Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x">https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x</a>'
  chicago: 'Fatichi, Simone, Athanasios Paschalis, Sara Bonetti, Gabriele Manoli,
    and Christoforos Pappas. “Water Use Efficiency: A Review of Spatial and Temporal
    Variability.” In <i>Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment</i>, edited by Michael
    J. Goss and Margaret Oliver, 2nd ed., 5:527–42. Elsevier, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x">https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Fatichi, A. Paschalis, S. Bonetti, G. Manoli, and C. Pappas, “Water use
    efficiency: A review of spatial and temporal variability,” in <i>Encyclopedia
    of Soils in the Environment</i>, 2nd ed., vol. 5, M. J. Goss and M. Oliver, Eds.
    Elsevier, 2023, pp. 527–542.'
  ista: 'Fatichi S, Paschalis A, Bonetti S, Manoli G, Pappas C. 2023.Water use efficiency:
    A review of spatial and temporal variability. In: Encyclopedia of Soils in the
    Environment. vol. 5, 527–542.'
  mla: 'Fatichi, Simone, et al. “Water Use Efficiency: A Review of Spatial and Temporal
    Variability.” <i>Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment</i>, edited by Michael
    J. Goss and Margaret Oliver, 2nd ed., vol. 5, Elsevier, 2023, pp. 527–42, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x">10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x</a>.'
  short: S. Fatichi, A. Paschalis, S. Bonetti, G. Manoli, C. Pappas, in:, M.J. Goss,
    M. Oliver (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2nd ed., Elsevier,
    2023, pp. 527–542.
das_tickbox: '1'
date_created: 2026-07-27T12:30:24Z
date_published: 2023-08-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-08-12T11:52:58Z
day: '14'
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x
edition: '2'
editor:
- first_name: Michael J.
  full_name: Goss, Michael J.
  last_name: Goss
- first_name: Margaret
  full_name: Oliver, Margaret
  last_name: Oliver
extern: '1'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822974-3.00166-x
intvolume: '         5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 527-542
publication: Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9780323951333'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Water use efficiency: A review of spatial and temporal variability'
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 5
year: '2023'
...