---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18726'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the cosmological
    dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several × 106 M⊙, and
    low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several $× 105 M⊙ should be directly
    detectable out to redshift z = 10, and individual supernovae (SNe) and gamma ray
    burst GRB afterglows are bright enough to be visible beyond this redshift. Dense
    primordial gas, in the process of collapsing from large scales to form protogalaxies,
    may also be possible to image through diffuse recombination line emission, possibly
    even before stars or BHs are formed. In this article, I discuss the key physical
    processes that are expected to have determined the sizes of the first star–clusters
    and black holes, and the prospect of studying these objects by direct detections
    with JWST and with other instruments. The direct light emitted by the very first
    stellar clusters and intermediate-mass black holes at z > 10 will likely fall
    below JWST’s detection threshold. However, JWST could reveal a decline at the
    faint-end of the high-redshift luminosity function, and thereby shed light on
    radiative and other feedback effects that operate at these early epochs. JWST
    will also have the sensitivity to detect individual SNe from beyond z = 10. In
    a dedicated survey lasting for several weeks, thousands of SNe could be detected
    at z > 6, with a redshift distribution extending to the formation of the very
    first stars at z ≳ 15. Using these SNe as tracers may be the only method to map
    out the earliest stages of the cosmic star–formation history. Finally, we point
    out that studying the earliest objects at high redshift will also offer a new
    window on the primordial power spectrum, on ∼100 times smaller scales than probed
    by current large-scale structure data.
alternative_title:
- Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z. Observing the first stars and black holes. In: <i>Astrophysics and
    Space Science Proceedings</i>. Dordrecht: Springer Nature; 2009:385-418. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>'
  apa: 'Haiman, Z. (2009). Observing the first stars and black holes. In <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i> (pp. 385–418). Dordrecht: Springer Nature. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>'
  chicago: 'Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” In <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i>, 385–418. Dordrecht: Springer Nature, 2009.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.'
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Observing the first stars and black holes,” in <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i>, 2009, pp. 385–418.
  ista: Haiman Z. 2009. Observing the first stars and black holes. Astrophysics and
    Space Science Proceedings. , Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, , 385–418.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” <i>Astrophysics
    and Space Science Proceedings</i>, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 385–418, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, in:, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer Nature,
    Dordrecht, 2009, pp. 385–418.
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:09:18Z
date_published: 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-03T12:14:49Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '0809.3926'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3926
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 385-418
place: Dordrecht
publication: Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9781402094576'
  eissn:
  - 1570-6605
  isbn:
  - '9781402094569'
  issn:
  - 1570-6591
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Observing the first stars and black holes
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18735'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the cosmological
    dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several × 106 M⊙, and
    low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several $× 105 M⊙ should be directly
    detectable out to redshift z = 10, and individual supernovae (SNe) and gamma ray
    burst GRB afterglows are bright enough to be visible beyond this redshift. Dense
    primordial gas, in the process of collapsing from large scales to form protogalaxies,
    may also be possible to image through diffuse recombination line emission, possibly
    even before stars or BHs are formed. In this article, I discuss the key physical
    processes that are expected to have determined the sizes of the first star–clusters
    and black holes, and the prospect of studying these objects by direct detections
    with JWST and with other instruments. The direct light emitted by the very first
    stellar clusters and intermediate-mass black holes at z > 10 will likely fall
    below JWST’s detection threshold. However, JWST could reveal a decline at the
    faint-end of the high-redshift luminosity function, and thereby shed light on
    radiative and other feedback effects that operate at these early epochs. JWST
    will also have the sensitivity to detect individual SNe from beyond z = 10. In
    a dedicated survey lasting for several weeks, thousands of SNe could be detected
    at z > 6, with a redshift distribution extending to the formation of the very
    first stars at z ≳ 15. Using these SNe as tracers may be the only method to map
    out the earliest stages of the cosmic star–formation history. Finally, we point
    out that studying the earliest objects at high redshift will also offer a new
    window on the primordial power spectrum, on ∼100 times smaller scales than probed
    by current large-scale structure data.
alternative_title:
- Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z. Observing the First Stars and Black Holes. In: Thronson HA, Stiavelli
    M, Tielens A, eds. <i>Astrophysics in the Next Decade</i>. Springer Nature; 2009:385-418.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>'
  apa: Haiman, Z. (2009). Observing the First Stars and Black Holes. In H. A. Thronson,
    M. Stiavelli, &#38; A. Tielens (Eds.), <i>Astrophysics in the Next Decade</i>
    (pp. 385–418). Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” In <i>Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade</i>, edited by Harley A. Thronson, Massimo Stiavelli, and Alexander
    Tielens, 385–418. Springer Nature, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes,” in <i>Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade</i>, H. A. Thronson, M. Stiavelli, and A. Tielens, Eds. Springer
    Nature, 2009, pp. 385–418.
  ista: 'Haiman Z. 2009.Observing the First Stars and Black Holes. In: Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, , 385–418.'
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Observing the First Stars and Black Holes.” <i>Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade</i>, edited by Harley A. Thronson et al., Springer Nature,
    2009, pp. 385–418, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15">10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, in:, H.A. Thronson, M. Stiavelli, A. Tielens (Eds.), Astrophysics
    in the Next Decade, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 385–418.
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:29:16Z
date_published: 2009-02-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T12:52:13Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9457-6_15
editor:
- first_name: Harley A.
  full_name: Thronson, Harley A.
  last_name: Thronson
- first_name: Massimo
  full_name: Stiavelli, Massimo
  last_name: Stiavelli
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Tielens, Alexander
  last_name: Tielens
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '0809.3926'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3926
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 385-418
publication: Astrophysics in the Next Decade
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9781402094576'
  eissn:
  - 1570-6605
  isbn:
  - '9781402094569'
  issn:
  - 1570-6591
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Observing the First Stars and Black Holes
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2009'
...