[{"arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1007/10899892_25","OA_place":"repository","OA_type":"green","alternative_title":["ESO Astrophysics Symposia"],"_id":"18730","title":"What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function?","month":"02","article_processing_charge":"No","conference":{"name":"European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","start_date":"2001-10-24","location":"Venice, Italy","end_date":"2001-10-26"},"citation":{"ista":"Ciotti L, Haiman Z, Ostriker JP. 2006. What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function? Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop. European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, , 106–108.","chicago":"Ciotti, Luca, Zoltán Haiman, and Jeremiah P. Ostriker. “What Does the Local Black Hole Mass Distribution Tell Us about the Evolution of the Quasar Luminosity Function?” In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, 106–8. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Nature, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25</a>.","apa":"Ciotti, L., Haiman, Z., &#38; Ostriker, J. P. (2006). What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function? In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i> (pp. 106–108). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25</a>","ama":"Ciotti L, Haiman Z, Ostriker JP. What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function? In: <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Nature; 2006:106-108. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">10.1007/10899892_25</a>","ieee":"L. Ciotti, Z. Haiman, and J. P. Ostriker, “What does the local black hole mass distribution tell us about the evolution of the quasar luminosity function?,” in <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Venice, Italy, 2006, pp. 106–108.","short":"L. Ciotti, Z. Haiman, J.P. Ostriker, in:, Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, Springer Nature, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2006, pp. 106–108.","mla":"Ciotti, Luca, et al. “What Does the Local Black Hole Mass Distribution Tell Us about the Evolution of the Quasar Luminosity Function?” <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 106–08, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_25\">10.1007/10899892_25</a>."},"date_published":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","oa_version":"Preprint","year":"2006","date_updated":"2025-01-07T12:21:03Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","place":"Berlin/Heidelberg","extern":"1","page":"106-108","status":"public","day":"01","type":"conference","publisher":"Springer Nature","publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["astro-ph/0112131"]},"date_created":"2025-01-03T12:24:48Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"We present a robust method to derive the duty cycle of QSO activity based on the empirical QSO luminosity function and on the present-day linear relation between the masses of supermassive black holes and those of their spheroidal host stellar systems. It is found that the duty cycle is substantially less than unity, with characteristic values in the range 3-6 x 10-3. Finally, we tested the expectation that the QSO luminosity evolution and the star formation history should be roughly parallel, as a consequence of the above-mentioned relation between BH and galaxy masses.","lang":"eng"}],"author":[{"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Ciotti","full_name":"Ciotti, Luca"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"},{"full_name":"Ostriker, Jeremiah P.","last_name":"Ostriker","first_name":"Jeremiah P."}],"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783540002055"],"issn":["1431-2433"],"eissn":["1611-6143"]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112131","open_access":"1"}]},{"publication_status":"published","external_id":{"arxiv":["astro-ph/0201173"]},"date_created":"2025-01-03T12:25:11Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The first galaxies formed at high redshifts, and were likely substantially less massive than typical galaxies in the local universe. We argue that (1) the reionization of a clumpy intergalactic medium by redshift z=6, (2) its enrichment by metals by z=3 without disturbing the Lyman alpha forest, and (3) the presence of supermassive black holes powering the recently discovered bright quasars at z=6, strongly suggest that a population of low-mass galaxies exists beyond redshifts z>6. Although the first stars could have been born in dark matter halos with virial temperatures as low as Tvir=200K, collapsing as early as z=25, the first galaxies likely appeared in significant numbers only in halos with Tvir>10,000K that collapsed later (z=15). The gas in these more massive halos initially contracts isothermally to high densities by atomic Lyman alpha cooling. H2 molecules can then form efficiently via non-equilibrium gas-phase chemistry, allowing the gas to cool further to T=100K, and fragment on stellar mass scales. These halos can harbor the first generation of ``mini-galaxies'' that reionized the universe. The continuum and line emission from these sources, as well as their Lyman alpha cooling radiation, can be detected in the future by NGST and other instruments.","lang":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","publication":"Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1431-2433"],"eissn":["1611-6143"],"isbn":["9783540002055"]},"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0201173","open_access":"1"}],"arxiv":1,"OA_place":"repository","doi":"10.1007/10899892_77","OA_type":"green","_id":"18731","title":"The assembly of the first galaxies","month":"03","article_processing_charge":"No","conference":{"start_date":"2001-10-24","name":"European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop","end_date":"2001-10-26","location":"Venice, Italy"},"citation":{"short":"Z. Haiman, in:, Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 316–323.","mla":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Assembly of the First Galaxies.” <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Springer Nature, 2006, pp. 316–23, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">10.1007/10899892_77</a>.","ieee":"Z. Haiman, “The assembly of the first galaxies,” in <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, Venice, Italy, 2006, pp. 316–323.","apa":"Haiman, Z. (2006). The assembly of the first galaxies. In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i> (pp. 316–323). Venice, Italy: Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77</a>","ama":"Haiman Z. The assembly of the first galaxies. In: <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>. Springer Nature; 2006:316-323. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">10.1007/10899892_77</a>","ista":"Haiman Z. 2006. The assembly of the first galaxies. Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop. European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop, 316–323.","chicago":"Haiman, Zoltán. “The Assembly of the First Galaxies.” In <i>Proceedings of the European Southern Observatory and Universitäts-Sternwarte München Workshop</i>, 316–23. Springer Nature, 2006. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77\">https://doi.org/10.1007/10899892_77</a>."},"date_published":"2006-03-10T00:00:00Z","year":"2006","oa_version":"Preprint","date_updated":"2025-01-07T12:28:20Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","page":"316-323","status":"public","day":"10","publisher":"Springer Nature","type":"conference"}]