---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18737'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and
    SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z =
    6. These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited
    accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first generation
    of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse of gas in
    rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without first fragmenting
    into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two competing scenarios, as
    well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also briefly discusses how the
    different models may be distinguished in the future by observations with JWST,
    LISA and other instruments.
alternative_title:
- Astrophysics and Space Science Library
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z. The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes. In: Wiklind T, Mobasher
    B, Brumm V, eds. <i>The First Galaxies</i>. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin
    Heidelberg; 2012:293-341. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6">10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>'
  apa: 'Haiman, Z. (2012). The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes. In T. Wiklind,
    B. Mobasher, &#38; V. Brumm (Eds.), <i>The First Galaxies</i> (pp. 293–341). Berlin,
    Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>'
  chicago: 'Haiman, Zoltán. “The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes.” In <i>The
    First Galaxies</i>, edited by Tommy Wiklind, Bahram Mobasher, and Volker Brumm,
    293–341. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>.'
  ieee: 'Z. Haiman, “The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes,” in <i>The First
    Galaxies</i>, T. Wiklind, B. Mobasher, and V. Brumm, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg:
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 293–341.'
  ista: 'Haiman Z. 2012.The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes. In: The First
    Galaxies. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, , 293–341.'
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes.” <i>The First
    Galaxies</i>, edited by Tommy Wiklind et al., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012,
    pp. 293–341, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6">10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, in:, T. Wiklind, B. Mobasher, V. Brumm (Eds.), The First Galaxies,
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 293–341.
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:30:53Z
date_published: 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T13:01:05Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32362-1_6
editor:
- first_name: Tommy
  full_name: Wiklind, Tommy
  last_name: Wiklind
- first_name: Bahram
  full_name: Mobasher, Bahram
  last_name: Mobasher
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Brumm, Volker
  last_name: Brumm
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1203.6075'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6075
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 293-341
place: Berlin, Heidelberg
publication: The First Galaxies
publication_identifier:
  eisbn:
  - '9783642323621'
  eissn:
  - 2214-7985
  isbn:
  - '9783642323614'
  issn:
  - 0067-0057
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes
type: book_chapter
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2012'
...