[{"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeVi"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"oa":1,"date_updated":"2026-04-16T12:20:41Z","project":[{"grant_number":"F8810","name":"The highjacking of meiosis for asexual reproduction","_id":"34ae1506-11ca-11ed-8bc3-c14f4c474396"}],"author":[{"last_name":"Elkrewi","first_name":"Marwan N","full_name":"Elkrewi, Marwan N","orcid":"0000-0002-5328-7231","id":"0B46FACA-A8E1-11E9-9BD3-79D1E5697425"}],"month":"03","date_published":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","type":"dissertation","status":"public","OA_embargo":"12","doi":"10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386","citation":{"apa":"Elkrewi, M. N. (2025). <i>Evolution of sex chromosomes, sex determination and asexuality in Artemia brine shrimp</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386</a>","ista":"Elkrewi MN. 2025. Evolution of sex chromosomes, sex determination and asexuality in Artemia brine shrimp. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","short":"M.N. Elkrewi, Evolution of Sex Chromosomes, Sex Determination and Asexuality in Artemia Brine Shrimp, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","ieee":"M. N. Elkrewi, “Evolution of sex chromosomes, sex determination and asexuality in Artemia brine shrimp,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025.","chicago":"Elkrewi, Marwan N. “Evolution of Sex Chromosomes, Sex Determination and Asexuality in Artemia Brine Shrimp.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386</a>.","mla":"Elkrewi, Marwan N. <i>Evolution of Sex Chromosomes, Sex Determination and Asexuality in Artemia Brine Shrimp</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386</a>.","ama":"Elkrewi MN. Evolution of sex chromosomes, sex determination and asexuality in Artemia brine shrimp. 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386\">10.15479/AT-ISTA-19386</a>"},"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","degree_awarded":"PhD","page":"170","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Crustaceans are a large group of arthropods with a great diversity of species and\r\ndifferent types of sex determination systems and reproductive modes (Subramoniam, 2017).\r\nThis makes them a great model for exploring the evolution of sex chromosomes and sexual\r\ndimorphism and investigating the evolutionary mechanisms driving and maintaining the\r\ndiversity of reproductive systems. Within this taxon, Brine shrimp of the genus Artemia, a\r\nbranchiopod crustacean, are well suited for such explorations, as they have both highly\r\ndimorphic traits and closely related sexual and asexual species. Although brine shrimp are\r\nknown to have ZW sex chromosomes (Bowen, 1963; Parraguez et al., 2009), the sex\r\nchromosomes are still not well characterized at the genomic level, the sex-determination gene\r\nis unknown, and it is still unclear whether the same sex chromosomes as shared by the\r\ndifferent species.\r\nThe first part of this thesis was to characterize the Z and W chromosomes in Artemia\r\nusing an array of methods, from generating multiple chromosome and contig level genome\r\nassemblies to identifying W-linked scaffolds and transcripts in multiple species using k-mer\r\nbased approaches.\r\nThe second part tackles the conservation of the cell type specific regulatory pathways\r\nin the female reproductive system between Artemia and Drosophila, and the expression of the\r\nZ-specific region throughout meiosis using single-nucleus RNA-seq data. Our results show\r\nthat germline cells lack dosage compensation, with a subset of cells showing evidence of\r\nextreme repression of the Z chromosome.\r\nWith multiple sexual species and several asexual lineages of parthenogenetic females\r\nthat produce rare males at low frequencies, Brine shrimp present the perfect opportunity to\r\nexplore the transition to asexuality and shed light on the prerequisites and repercussions of\r\nthe form of modified meiosis maintaining the asexual lineages. The last chapter is an\r\ninvestigation of the molecular pathways involved in asexual reproduction in Artemia using\r\nnewly generated single nucleus RNAseq and WGS data and previously published data. "}],"_id":"19386","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2025-03-11T12:54:31Z","ddc":["570","576"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"file":[{"file_id":"19462","embargo_to":"open_access","content_type":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document","date_updated":"2026-03-26T23:30:03Z","date_created":"2025-03-26T07:06:56Z","access_level":"closed","file_name":"Thesis_Marwan_Elkrewi.docx","file_size":25019680,"relation":"source_file","creator":"melkrewi","checksum":"5549a8216c07e4c39281648912d72246"},{"embargo":"2026-03-26","creator":"melkrewi","checksum":"aed2ba9965aa89b3414deae1ae9f4321","relation":"main_file","file_size":17294844,"file_name":"Thesis_Marwan_Elkrewi.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2025-03-26T07:06:22Z","date_updated":"2026-03-26T23:30:03Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"19463"}],"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9783990780534"],"eissn":["2663-337X"]},"OA_place":"publisher","file_date_updated":"2026-03-26T23:30:03Z","day":"14","year":"2025","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Evolution of sex chromosomes, sex determination and asexuality in Artemia brine shrimp","acknowledgement":"My PhD work was funded by the Austrian science fund (FWF), as part of the SFB Meiosis consortium (https://sfbmeiosis.org/, grant ID FWF SFB F88-10).","corr_author":"1","supervisor":[{"last_name":"Vicoso","first_name":"Beatriz","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_status":"published","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"12248"},{"id":"10167","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public","id":"10767"},{"id":"15009","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"id":"14613","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation","id":"17890"}]},"alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"]}]