---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22826'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to tackle increasingly
    complex tasks through advanced reasoning, long-form content generation,\r\nand
    tool use. Solving these tasks often involves long inference-time computations.\r\nIn
    human problem solving, a common strategy to expedite work is collaboration: by\r\ndividing
    the problem into sub-tasks, exploring different strategies concurrently, etc.\r\nRecent
    research has shown that LLMs can also operate in parallel by implementing\r\nexplicit
    cooperation frameworks, such as voting mechanisms or the explicit creation of
    independent sub-tasks that can be executed in parallel. However, each of\r\nthese
    frameworks may not be suitable for all types of tasks, which can hinder their\r\napplicability.
    In this work, we propose a different design approach: we run LLM\r\n“workers”
    in parallel , allowing them to synchronize via a concurrently-updated\r\nattention
    cache and prompt these workers to decide how best to collaborate. Our\r\napproach
    allows the LLM instances to come up with their own collaboration strategy for
    the problem at hand, all the while “seeing” each other’s memory in the\r\nconcurrent
    KV cache. We implement this approach via Hogwild! Inference: a\r\nparallel LLM
    inference engine where multiple instances of the same LLM run in\r\nparallel with
    the same attention cache, with “instant” access to each other’s memory.1 Hogwild!
    Inference takes advantage of Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE)\r\nto avoid recomputation
    while improving parallel hardware utilization. We find that\r\nmodern reasoning-capable
    LLMs can perform inference with shared Key-Value\r\ncache out of the box, without
    additional fine-tuning."
acknowledgement: "We thank Vladimir Malinovskii for his help with brainstorming, helpful\r\nfeedback
  and suggesting future work directions. We also thank Philip Zmushko for proofreading."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Gleb
  full_name: Rodionov, Gleb
  last_name: Rodionov
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Garipov, Roman
  last_name: Garipov
- first_name: Alina
  full_name: Shutova, Alina
  last_name: Shutova
- first_name: George
  full_name: Yakushev, George
  last_name: Yakushev
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Schultheis, Erik
  id: 2786b299-e6b0-11f0-91da-9243fe3ef96b
  last_name: Schultheis
- first_name: Vage
  full_name: Egiazarian, Vage
  id: 77451e76-92b2-11ef-a4d1-8dbaa06e16ad
  last_name: Egiazarian
- first_name: Anton
  full_name: Sinitsin, Anton
  last_name: Sinitsin
- first_name: Denis
  full_name: Kuznedelev, Denis
  last_name: Kuznedelev
- first_name: Dan-Adrian
  full_name: Alistarh, Dan-Adrian
  id: 4A899BFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Alistarh
  orcid: 0000-0003-3650-940X
citation:
  ama: 'Rodionov G, Garipov R, Shutova A, et al. Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM
    generation via concurrent attention. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation;
    2025:52014-52055. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">10.52202/085713-1551</a>'
  apa: 'Rodionov, G., Garipov, R., Shutova, A., Yakushev, G., Schultheis, E., Egiazarian,
    V., … Alistarh, D.-A. (2025). Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM generation via
    concurrent attention. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>
    (Vol. 38, pp. 52014–52055). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551</a>'
  chicago: 'Rodionov, Gleb, Roman Garipov, Alina Shutova, George Yakushev, Erik Schultheis,
    Vage Egiazarian, Anton Sinitsin, Denis Kuznedelev, and Dan-Adrian Alistarh. “Hogwild!
    Inference: Parallel LLM Generation via Concurrent Attention.” In <i>39th Conference
    on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:52014–55. Neural Information
    Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551</a>.'
  ieee: 'G. Rodionov <i>et al.</i>, “Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM generation via
    concurrent attention,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 52014–52055.'
  ista: 'Rodionov G, Garipov R, Shutova A, Yakushev G, Schultheis E, Egiazarian V,
    Sinitsin A, Kuznedelev D, Alistarh D-A. 2025. Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM
    generation via concurrent attention. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, vol. 38, 52014–52055.'
  mla: 'Rodionov, Gleb, et al. “Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM Generation via Concurrent
    Attention.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol.
    38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 52014–55, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551">10.52202/085713-1551</a>.'
  short: G. Rodionov, R. Garipov, A. Shutova, G. Yakushev, E. Schultheis, V. Egiazarian,
    A. Sinitsin, D. Kuznedelev, D.-A. Alistarh, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp.
    52014–52055.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T07:06:31Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: DaAl
doi: 10.52202/085713-1551
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1551
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 52014-52055
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'Hogwild! Inference: Parallel LLM generation via concurrent attention'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22825'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The empirical emergence of neural collapse—a surprising symmetry in the feature
    representations of the training data in the penultimate layer of deep neural\r\nnetworks—has
    spurred a line of theoretical research aimed at its understanding.\r\nHowever,
    existing work focuses on data-agnostic models or, when data structure is\r\ntaken
    into account, it remains limited to multi-layer perceptrons. Our paper fills\r\nboth
    these gaps by analyzing modern architectures in a data-aware regime: we\r\nprove
    that global optima of deep regularized transformers and residual networks\r\n(ResNets)
    with LayerNorm trained with cross entropy or mean squared error loss\r\nare approximately
    collapsed, and the approximation gets tighter as the depth grows.\r\nMore generally,
    we formally reduce any end-to-end large-depth ResNet or transformer training into
    an equivalent unconstrained features model, thus justifying its\r\nwide use in
    the literature even beyond data-agnostic settings. Our theoretical results\r\nare
    supported by experiments on computer vision and language datasets showing\r\nthat,
    as the depth grows, neural collapse indeed becomes more prominent."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: "M. M. and P. S. are funded by the European Union (ERC, INF2\r\n,
  project number 101161364). Views\r\nand opinions expressed are however those of
  the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those\r\nof the European Union
  or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European\r\nUnion
  nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. This research was supported\r\nby
  the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific
  Computing (SciComp)."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Súkeník, Peter
  id: d64d6a8d-eb8e-11eb-b029-96fd216dec3c
  last_name: Súkeník
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Mondelli, Marco
  id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425
  last_name: Mondelli
  orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020
citation:
  ama: 'Súkeník P, Lampert C, Mondelli M. Neural collapse is globally optimal in deep
    regularized ResNets and transformers. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation;
    2025:48646-48677. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">10.52202/085713-1450</a>'
  apa: 'Súkeník, P., Lampert, C., &#38; Mondelli, M. (2025). Neural collapse is globally
    optimal in deep regularized ResNets and transformers. In <i>39th Conference on
    Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 48646–48677). San Diego,
    CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450</a>'
  chicago: Súkeník, Peter, Christoph Lampert, and Marco Mondelli. “Neural Collapse
    Is Globally Optimal in Deep Regularized ResNets and Transformers.” In <i>39th
    Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:48646–77. Neural Information
    Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450</a>.
  ieee: P. Súkeník, C. Lampert, and M. Mondelli, “Neural collapse is globally optimal
    in deep regularized ResNets and transformers,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural
    Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38,
    pp. 48646–48677.
  ista: 'Súkeník P, Lampert C, Mondelli M. 2025. Neural collapse is globally optimal
    in deep regularized ResNets and transformers. 39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in
    Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 48646–48677.'
  mla: Súkeník, Peter, et al. “Neural Collapse Is Globally Optimal in Deep Regularized
    ResNets and Transformers.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025,
    pp. 48646–77, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450">10.52202/085713-1450</a>.
  short: P. Súkeník, C. Lampert, M. Mondelli, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp.
    48646–48677.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T08:11:46Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: MaMo
- _id: GradSch
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.52202/085713-1450
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2505.15239'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1450
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 48646-48677
project:
- _id: 911e6d1f-16d5-11f0-9cad-c5c68c6a1cdf
  grant_number: '101161364'
  name: 'Inference in High Dimensions: Light-speed Algorithms and Information Limits'
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Neural collapse is globally optimal in deep regularized ResNets and transformers
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22824'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present new fast-rate PAC-Bayesian generalization bounds for multi-task
    and\r\nmeta-learning in the unbalanced setting, i.e. when the tasks have training
    sets of\r\ndifferent sizes, as is typically the case in real-world scenarios.
    Previously, only\r\nstandard-rate bounds were known for this situation, while
    fast-rate bounds were\r\nlimited to the setting where all training sets are of
    equal size. Our new bounds\r\nare numerically computable as well as interpretable,
    and we demonstrate their\r\nflexibility in handling a number of cases where they
    give stronger guarantees\r\nthan previous bounds. Besides the bounds themselves,
    we also make conceptual\r\ncontributions: we demonstrate that the unbalanced multi-task
    setting has different\r\nstatistical properties than the balanced situation, specifically
    that proofs from\r\nthe balanced situation do not carry over to the unbalanced
    setting. Additionally,\r\nwe shed light on the fact that the unbalanced situation
    allows two meaningful\r\ndefinitions of multi-task risk, depending on whether
    all tasks should be considered\r\nequally important or if sample-rich tasks should
    receive more weight than samplepoor ones."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: ScienComp
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU)
  of ISTA through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Hossein
  full_name: Zakerinia, Hossein
  id: 653bd8b6-f394-11eb-9cf6-c0bbf6cd78d4
  last_name: Zakerinia
  orcid: 0009-0007-3977-6462
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
citation:
  ama: 'Zakerinia H, Lampert C. Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning
    with different sample sizes. In: <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:9062-9093.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">10.52202/085713-0278</a>'
  apa: 'Zakerinia, H., &#38; Lampert, C. (2025). Fast rate bounds for multi-task and
    meta-learning with different sample sizes. In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 9062–9093). San Diego, CA, United States:
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278</a>'
  chicago: Zakerinia, Hossein, and Christoph Lampert. “Fast Rate Bounds for Multi-Task
    and Meta-Learning with Different Sample Sizes.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural
    Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:9062–93. Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278</a>.
  ieee: H. Zakerinia and C. Lampert, “Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning
    with different sample sizes,” in <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i>, San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 9062–9093.
  ista: 'Zakerinia H, Lampert C. 2025. Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning
    with different sample sizes. 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, vol. 38, 9062–9093.'
  mla: Zakerinia, Hossein, and Christoph Lampert. “Fast Rate Bounds for Multi-Task
    and Meta-Learning with Different Sample Sizes.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation,
    2025, pp. 9062–93, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278">10.52202/085713-0278</a>.
  short: H. Zakerinia, C. Lampert, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing
    Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 9062–9093.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T08:37:33Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.52202/085713-0278
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-0278
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 9062-9093
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Fast rate bounds for multi-task and meta-learning with different sample sizes
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: gold
_id: '22823'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This position paper argues that setting the privacy budget in differential
    privacy should not be viewed as an important limitation of differential privacy
    compared to alternative methods for privacy-preserving machine learning. The so-called
    problem of interpreting the privacy budget is often presented as a major hindrance
    to the wider adoption of differential privacy in real-world deployments and is
    sometimes used to promote alternative mitigation techniques for data protection.
    We believe this misleads decision-makers into choosing unsafe methods. We argue
    that the difficulty in interpreting privacy budgets does not stem from the definition
    of differential privacy itself, but from the intrinsic difficulty of estimating
    privacy risks in context, a challenge that any rigorous method for privacy risk
    assessment face. Moreover, we claim that any sound method for estimating privacy
    risks should, given the current state of research, be expressible within the differential
    privacy framework or justify why it cannot.
acknowledgement: "This research was funded in whole by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  10.55776/COE12. I thank\r\nAlberto Naibo for the discussion and his invitation to
  \"Logique, droit, IA : penser les algorithmes\"\r\ncolloquium. I thank Simone Bombari
  for the discussions. I thank EurIPS for the active poster session."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Edwige Audrey Lucienne
  full_name: Cyffers, Edwige Audrey Lucienne
  id: 20d4c299-977a-11ef-ae55-98b15ac64a57
  last_name: Cyffers
citation:
  ama: 'Cyffers EAL. Setting ε is not the issue in differential privacy. In: <i>39th
    Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information
    Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:159016-159028. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798">10.52202/085713-4798</a>'
  apa: 'Cyffers, E. A. L. (2025). Setting ε is not the issue in differential privacy.
    In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp.
    159016–159028). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing Systems
    Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798</a>'
  chicago: Cyffers, Edwige Audrey Lucienne. “Setting ε Is Not the Issue in Differential
    Privacy.” In <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>,
    38:159016–28. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798</a>.
  ieee: E. A. L. Cyffers, “Setting ε is not the issue in differential privacy,” in
    <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA,
    United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 159016–159028.
  ista: 'Cyffers EAL. 2025. Setting ε is not the issue in differential privacy. 39th
    Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information
    Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38,
    159016–159028.'
  mla: Cyffers, Edwige Audrey Lucienne. “Setting ε Is Not the Issue in Differential
    Privacy.” <i>39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol.
    38, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 159016–28, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798">10.52202/085713-4798</a>.
  short: E.A.L. Cyffers, in:, 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 159016–159028.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:01:59Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T08:44:14Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.52202/085713-4798
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-4798
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 159016-159028
publication: 39th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Setting ε is not the issue in differential privacy
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22830'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We introduce AutoJudge, a method that accelerates large language model (LLM)
    inference with task-specific lossy speculative decoding. Instead of matching the
    original model output distribution token-by-token, we identify the generated tokens
    that affect the downstream quality of the response, relaxing the distribution
    match guarantee so that the \"unimportant\" tokens can be generated faster. Our
    approach relies on a semi‑greedy search algorithm to test which of the mismatches
    between target and draft models should be corrected to preserve quality and which
    ones may be skipped. We then train a lightweight classifier based on existing
    LLM embeddings to predict, at inference time, which mismatching tokens can be
    safely accepted without compromising the final answer quality. We evaluate AutoJudge
    with multiple draft/target model pairs on mathematical reasoning and programming
    benchmarks, achieving significant speedups at the cost of a minor accuracy reduction.
    Notably, on GSM8K with the Llama 3.1 70B target model, our approach achieves up
    to \r\n≈\r\n2\r\n×\r\n speedup \\textit{over speculative decoding} at the cost
    of a \r\n≤\r\n1\r\n%\r\n drop in accuracy. When applied to the LiveCodeBench benchmark,
    AutoJudge automatically detects programming-specific important tokens, accepting
    \r\n≥\r\n25\r\n tokens per speculation cycle at a\r\n \r\n2\r\n%\r\n drop in Pass@1.
    Our approach requires no human annotation and is easy to integrate with modern
    LLM inference frameworks."
acknowledgement: "We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Denis Mazur for
  his valuable contributions to the\r\nimplementation of API calls used in Algorithm
  1 and for supporting inference with the Llama 405B\r\nmodel. We are also thankful
  for his positive influence on the overall atmosphere and team morale\r\nthroughout
  the course of this project."
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Garipov, Roman
  last_name: Garipov
- first_name: Fedor
  full_name: Velikonivtsev, Fedor
  last_name: Velikonivtsev
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Ermakov, Ivan
  last_name: Ermakov
- first_name: Ruslan
  full_name: Svirschevski, Ruslan
  last_name: Svirschevski
- first_name: Vage
  full_name: Egiazarian, Vage
  id: 77451e76-92b2-11ef-a4d1-8dbaa06e16ad
  last_name: Egiazarian
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Ryabinin, Max
  last_name: Ryabinin
citation:
  ama: 'Garipov R, Velikonivtsev F, Ermakov I, Svirschevski R, Egiazarian V, Ryabinin
    M. AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation. In: <i>39th Annual Conference
    on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>. Vol 38. Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation; 2025:104904-104941. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">10.52202/085713-3163</a>'
  apa: 'Garipov, R., Velikonivtsev, F., Ermakov, I., Svirschevski, R., Egiazarian,
    V., &#38; Ryabinin, M. (2025). AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation.
    In <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i> (Vol.
    38, pp. 104904–104941). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information Processing
    Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163</a>'
  chicago: 'Garipov, Roman, Fedor Velikonivtsev, Ivan Ermakov, Ruslan Svirschevski,
    Vage Egiazarian, and Max Ryabinin. “AutoJudge: Judge Decoding without Manual Annotation.”
    In <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, 38:104904–41.
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Garipov, F. Velikonivtsev, I. Ermakov, R. Svirschevski, V. Egiazarian,
    and M. Ryabinin, “AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation,” in <i>39th
    Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, San Diego, CA,
    United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 104904–104941.'
  ista: 'Garipov R, Velikonivtsev F, Ermakov I, Svirschevski R, Egiazarian V, Ryabinin
    M. 2025. AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation. 39th Annual Conference
    on Neural Information Processing Systems. NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing
    Systems, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 38, 104904–104941.'
  mla: 'Garipov, Roman, et al. “AutoJudge: Judge Decoding without Manual Annotation.”
    <i>39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38,
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 104904–41, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163">10.52202/085713-3163</a>.'
  short: R. Garipov, F. Velikonivtsev, I. Ermakov, R. Svirschevski, V. Egiazarian,
    M. Ryabinin, in:, 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems,
    Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 104904–104941.
conference:
  end_date: 2025-12-07
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
  start_date: 2025-12-02
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:02:00Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T11:08:33Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: DaAl
doi: 10.52202/085713-3163
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2504.20039'
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-3163
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 104904-104941
publication: 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: 'AutoJudge: Judge decoding without manual annotation'
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
---
OA_place: publisher
OA_type: free access
_id: '22828'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'We propose Joint Moment Estimation (JME), a method for continually and privately
    estimating both the first and second moments of a data stream with reduced noise
    compared to naive approaches. JME supports the matrix mechanism and exploits a
    joint sensitivity analysis to identify a privacy regime in which the second-moment
    estimation incurs no additional privacy cost, thereby improving accuracy while
    maintaining privacy. We demonstrate JME’s effectiveness in two applications: estimating
    the running mean and covariance matrix for Gaussian density estimation and model
    training with DP-Adam.'
acknowledgement: "We thank Monika Henzinger for her valuable feedback and insightful
  discussions on earlier versions\r\nof this draft. We are also grateful to Mher Safaryan
  for his contributions to discussions on DP-Adam.\r\nAdditionally, we thank Ryan
  McKenna for suggesting Joint Clipping as a baseline.\r\nJalaj Upadhyay’s research
  was funded by the Rutgers Decanal Grant no. 302918, NSF CNS 2433628,\r\nGoogle Research
  Scholar Award, and Google Seed Fund Grant. A part of this work was done while\r\nvisiting
  the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA).\r\nNikita Kalinin’s research
  was funded in part by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [10.55776/COE12]"
alternative_title:
- Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nikita
  full_name: Kalinin, Nikita
  id: 4b14526e-14d2-11ed-ba64-c14c9553d137
  last_name: Kalinin
- first_name: Jalaj
  full_name: Upadhyay, Jalaj
  last_name: Upadhyay
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Lampert, Christoph
  id: 40C20FD2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lampert
  orcid: 0000-0001-8622-7887
citation:
  ama: 'Kalinin N, Upadhyay J, Lampert C. Continual release moment estimation with
    differential privacy. In: <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>.
    Vol 38. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation; 2025:64002-64047. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924">10.52202/085713-1924</a>'
  apa: 'Kalinin, N., Upadhyay, J., &#38; Lampert, C. (2025). Continual release moment
    estimation with differential privacy. In <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing
    Systems</i> (Vol. 38, pp. 64002–64047). San Diego, CA, United States: Neural Information
    Processing Systems Foundation. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924</a>'
  chicago: Kalinin, Nikita, Jalaj Upadhyay, and Christoph Lampert. “Continual Release
    Moment Estimation with Differential Privacy.” In <i>Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems</i>, 38:64002–47. Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation,
    2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924">https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924</a>.
  ieee: N. Kalinin, J. Upadhyay, and C. Lampert, “Continual release moment estimation
    with differential privacy,” in <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>,
    San Diego, CA, United States, 2025, vol. 38, pp. 64002–64047.
  ista: 'Kalinin N, Upadhyay J, Lampert C. 2025. Continual release moment estimation
    with differential privacy. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.
    NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems, Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, vol. 38, 64002–64047.'
  mla: Kalinin, Nikita, et al. “Continual Release Moment Estimation with Differential
    Privacy.” <i>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</i>, vol. 38, Neural
    Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp. 64002–47, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924">10.52202/085713-1924</a>.
  short: N. Kalinin, J. Upadhyay, C. Lampert, in:, Advances in Neural Information
    Processing Systems, Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation, 2025, pp.
    64002–64047.
conference:
  location: San Diego, CA, United States
  name: 'NeurIPS: Neural Information Processing Systems'
corr_author: '1'
das_tickbox: '0'
date_created: 2026-09-06T22:02:00Z
date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-09-10T11:17:06Z
day: '02'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: ChLa
doi: 10.52202/085713-1924
fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924
intvolume: '        38'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52202/085713-1924
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 64002-64047
publication: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9798331338275'
  issn:
  - 1049-5258
publication_status: published
publisher: Neural Information Processing Systems Foundation
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: no
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: no
title: Continual release moment estimation with differential privacy
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 38
year: '2025'
...
