---
_id: '17593'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The science objectives of the LISA mission have been defined under the implicit
    assumption of a 4-years continuous data stream. Based on the performance of LISA
    Pathfinder, it is now expected that LISA will have a duty cycle of ≈0.75 , which
    would reduce the effective span of usable data to 3 years. This paper reports
    the results of a study by the LISA Science Group, which was charged with assessing
    the additional science return of increasing the mission lifetime. We explore various
    observational scenarios to assess the impact of mission duration on the main science
    objectives of the mission. We find that the science investigations most affected
    by mission duration concern the search for seed black holes at cosmic dawn, as
    well as the study of stellar-origin black holes and of their formation channels
    via multi-band and multi-messenger observations. We conclude that an extension
    to 6 years of mission operations is recommended.
article_number: '3'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pau
  full_name: Amaro Seoane, Pau
  last_name: Amaro Seoane
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Arca Sedda, Manuel
  last_name: Arca Sedda
- first_name: Stanislav
  full_name: Babak, Stanislav
  last_name: Babak
- first_name: Christopher P. L.
  full_name: Berry, Christopher P. L.
  last_name: Berry
- first_name: Emanuele
  full_name: Berti, Emanuele
  last_name: Berti
- first_name: Gianfranco
  full_name: Bertone, Gianfranco
  last_name: Bertone
- first_name: Diego
  full_name: Blas, Diego
  last_name: Blas
- first_name: Tamara
  full_name: Bogdanović, Tamara
  last_name: Bogdanović
- first_name: Matteo
  full_name: Bonetti, Matteo
  last_name: Bonetti
- first_name: Katelyn
  full_name: Breivik, Katelyn
  last_name: Breivik
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Brito, Richard
  last_name: Brito
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Caldwell, Robert
  last_name: Caldwell
- first_name: Pedro R.
  full_name: Capelo, Pedro R.
  last_name: Capelo
- first_name: Chiara
  full_name: Caprini, Chiara
  last_name: Caprini
- first_name: Vitor
  full_name: Cardoso, Vitor
  last_name: Cardoso
- first_name: Zack
  full_name: Carson, Zack
  last_name: Carson
- first_name: Hsin-Yu
  full_name: Chen, Hsin-Yu
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Alvin J. K.
  full_name: Chua, Alvin J. K.
  last_name: Chua
- first_name: Irina
  full_name: Dvorkin, Irina
  last_name: Dvorkin
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Lavinia
  full_name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
  last_name: Heisenberg
- first_name: Maximiliano
  full_name: Isi, Maximiliano
  last_name: Isi
- first_name: Nikolaos
  full_name: Karnesis, Nikolaos
  last_name: Karnesis
- first_name: Bradley J.
  full_name: Kavanagh, Bradley J.
  last_name: Kavanagh
- first_name: Tyson B.
  full_name: Littenberg, Tyson B.
  last_name: Littenberg
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Mangiagli, Alberto
  last_name: Mangiagli
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Marcoccia, Paolo
  last_name: Marcoccia
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Maselli, Andrea
  last_name: Maselli
- first_name: Germano
  full_name: Nardini, Germano
  last_name: Nardini
- first_name: Paolo
  full_name: Pani, Paolo
  last_name: Pani
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Peloso, Marco
  last_name: Peloso
- first_name: Mauro
  full_name: Pieroni, Mauro
  last_name: Pieroni
- first_name: Angelo
  full_name: Ricciardone, Angelo
  last_name: Ricciardone
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Sesana, Alberto
  last_name: Sesana
- first_name: Nicola
  full_name: Tamanini, Nicola
  last_name: Tamanini
- first_name: Alexandre
  full_name: Toubiana, Alexandre
  last_name: Toubiana
- first_name: Rosa
  full_name: Valiante, Rosa
  last_name: Valiante
- first_name: Stamatis
  full_name: Vretinaris, Stamatis
  last_name: Vretinaris
- first_name: David J.
  full_name: Weir, David J.
  last_name: Weir
- first_name: Kent
  full_name: Yagi, Kent
  last_name: Yagi
- first_name: Aaron
  full_name: Zimmerman, Aaron
  last_name: Zimmerman
citation:
  ama: Amaro Seoane P, Arca Sedda M, Babak S, et al. The effect of mission duration
    on LISA science objectives. <i>General Relativity and Gravitation</i>. 2021;54(1).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x">10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x</a>
  apa: Amaro Seoane, P., Arca Sedda, M., Babak, S., Berry, C. P. L., Berti, E., Bertone,
    G., … Zimmerman, A. (2021). The effect of mission duration on LISA science objectives.
    <i>General Relativity and Gravitation</i>. Springer Science and Business Media
    LLC. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x</a>
  chicago: Amaro Seoane, Pau, Manuel Arca Sedda, Stanislav Babak, Christopher P. L.
    Berry, Emanuele Berti, Gianfranco Bertone, Diego Blas, et al. “The Effect of Mission
    Duration on LISA Science Objectives.” <i>General Relativity and Gravitation</i>.
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x</a>.
  ieee: P. Amaro Seoane <i>et al.</i>, “The effect of mission duration on LISA science
    objectives,” <i>General Relativity and Gravitation</i>, vol. 54, no. 1. Springer
    Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
  ista: Amaro Seoane P, Arca Sedda M, Babak S, Berry CPL, Berti E, Bertone G, Blas
    D, Bogdanović T, Bonetti M, Breivik K, Brito R, Caldwell R, Capelo PR, Caprini
    C, Cardoso V, Carson Z, Chen H-Y, Chua AJK, Dvorkin I, Haiman Z, Heisenberg L,
    Isi M, Karnesis N, Kavanagh BJ, Littenberg TB, Mangiagli A, Marcoccia P, Maselli
    A, Nardini G, Pani P, Peloso M, Pieroni M, Ricciardone A, Sesana A, Tamanini N,
    Toubiana A, Valiante R, Vretinaris S, Weir DJ, Yagi K, Zimmerman A. 2021. The
    effect of mission duration on LISA science objectives. General Relativity and
    Gravitation. 54(1), 3.
  mla: Amaro Seoane, Pau, et al. “The Effect of Mission Duration on LISA Science Objectives.”
    <i>General Relativity and Gravitation</i>, vol. 54, no. 1, 3, Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x">10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x</a>.
  short: P. Amaro Seoane, M. Arca Sedda, S. Babak, C.P.L. Berry, E. Berti, G. Bertone,
    D. Blas, T. Bogdanović, M. Bonetti, K. Breivik, R. Brito, R. Caldwell, P.R. Capelo,
    C. Caprini, V. Cardoso, Z. Carson, H.-Y. Chen, A.J.K. Chua, I. Dvorkin, Z. Haiman,
    L. Heisenberg, M. Isi, N. Karnesis, B.J. Kavanagh, T.B. Littenberg, A. Mangiagli,
    P. Marcoccia, A. Maselli, G. Nardini, P. Pani, M. Peloso, M. Pieroni, A. Ricciardone,
    A. Sesana, N. Tamanini, A. Toubiana, R. Valiante, S. Vretinaris, D.J. Weir, K.
    Yagi, A. Zimmerman, General Relativity and Gravitation 54 (2021).
date_created: 2024-09-05T12:40:14Z
date_published: 2021-12-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-23T12:32:50Z
day: '27'
doi: 10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        54'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02889-x
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: General Relativity and Gravitation
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0001-7701
  - 1572-9532
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The effect of mission duration on LISA science objectives
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 54
year: '2021'
...