--- _id: '21164' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Global emission inventories often fail to capture the complexities of vehicular pollution in regions with unique fuel mixes, such as Brazil’s extensive biofuel use, leading to significant uncertainties in atmospheric modeling. This study presents a century-long (1960–2100) bottom-up vehicular emission inventory for Brazil, leveraging locally derived emission factors. Our estimates reveal substantial discrepancies in magnitude, timing, and speciation of non-CO2 pollutants (CO, NMHC, PM2.5) compared to leading global inventories (EDGAR, CEDS, CAMS), highlighting critical inaccuracies in widely used data sets. More critically, future projections under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) uncover a novel positive feedback mechanism: rising temperatures significantly enhance vehicular evaporative nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions. This temperature-dependent increase and subsequent NMHC oxidation to CO2 suggest an overlooked pathway that could amplify climate warming and air pollution globally, particularly after a breakpoint around 2050 (p < 0.05). While historical emissions peaked in the 1990s–2000s, nonexhaust PM becomes increasingly important. Air quality simulations using our inventory in the MUSICA model show good regional PM2.5 agreement but highlight challenges in resolving local primary pollutant peaks. This comprehensive inventory provides crucial data for Brazil and uncovers globally relevant climate–chemistry interactions, urging a re-evaluation of regional specificities in global emission assessments.' acknowledgement: Part of this material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. Casallas was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101034413. E. D. Freitas thanks the support provided by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Process number 313210/2022–5). Silva gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), process number 140512/2021–7. P. Lichtig was supported by base funding from the National Commission for Atomic Energy (CNEA, Arg.) and by NSF NCAR. R.Y. Ynoue thanks the support provided by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Process number 406728/2022–4). M. A. Franco thanks the support provided by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Process number 407752/2023–4). G. M. Pereira thanks the support by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP; Process numbers 2018/07848–9, 2016/18438–0, and 2019/01316–80) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES; Process number 88887.103225/2025–00). M.F. Andrade thanks the support by FAPESP (Process number 2016/18438–0) and CNPQ (Klimapolis INCT). article_number: 5c08400 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Sergio full_name: Ibarra-Espinosa, Sergio last_name: Ibarra-Espinosa - first_name: Edmilson full_name: Dias de Freitas, Edmilson last_name: Dias de Freitas - first_name: Benjamin full_name: Gaubert, Benjamin last_name: Gaubert - first_name: Pablo full_name: Lichtig, Pablo last_name: Lichtig - first_name: Karl full_name: Ropkins, Karl last_name: Ropkins - first_name: Iara full_name: da Silva, Iara last_name: da Silva - first_name: Guilherme full_name: Martins Pereira, Guilherme last_name: Martins Pereira - first_name: Daniel full_name: Schuch, Daniel last_name: Schuch - first_name: Janaina full_name: Nascimento, Janaina last_name: Nascimento - first_name: Leonardo full_name: Hoinaski, Leonardo last_name: Hoinaski - first_name: Leila Droprinchinski full_name: Martins, Leila Droprinchinski last_name: Martins - first_name: Mario full_name: Gavidia-Calderón, Mario last_name: Gavidia-Calderón - first_name: Angel full_name: Vara-Vela, Angel last_name: Vara-Vela - first_name: Taciana full_name: Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque, Taciana last_name: Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque - first_name: Rita Yuri full_name: Ynoue, Rita Yuri last_name: Ynoue - first_name: Sebastian full_name: Diez, Sebastian last_name: Diez - first_name: Zamir full_name: Mera, Zamir last_name: Mera - first_name: Alejandro full_name: Casallas Garcia, Alejandro id: 92081129-2d75-11ef-a48d-b04dd7a2385a last_name: Casallas Garcia orcid: 0000-0002-1988-5035 - first_name: Fidel full_name: Vallejo, Fidel last_name: Vallejo - first_name: Valeria full_name: Diaz, Valeria last_name: Diaz - first_name: Rizzieri full_name: Pedruzzi, Rizzieri last_name: Pedruzzi - first_name: Rosana full_name: Abrutzky, Rosana last_name: Abrutzky - first_name: Marco A. full_name: Franco, Marco A. last_name: Franco - first_name: Nicolas full_name: Huneeus, Nicolas last_name: Huneeus - first_name: Hector full_name: Jorquera, Hector last_name: Jorquera - first_name: Luis Carlos full_name: Belalcázar-Cerón, Luis Carlos last_name: Belalcázar-Cerón - first_name: Néstor Y. full_name: Rojas, Néstor Y. last_name: Rojas - first_name: Maria full_name: de Fatima Andrade, Maria last_name: de Fatima Andrade - first_name: Louisa full_name: Emmons, Louisa last_name: Emmons - first_name: Guy full_name: Brasseur, Guy last_name: Brasseur citation: ama: 'Ibarra-Espinosa S, Dias de Freitas E, Gaubert B, et al. A century of vehicular emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the impacts of unique fuel mix on air quality. Environmental Science &amp; Technology. 2026. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c08400' apa: 'Ibarra-Espinosa, S., Dias de Freitas, E., Gaubert, B., Lichtig, P., Ropkins, K., da Silva, I., … Brasseur, G. (2026). A century of vehicular emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the impacts of unique fuel mix on air quality. Environmental Science &amp; Technology. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c08400' chicago: 'Ibarra-Espinosa, Sergio, Edmilson Dias de Freitas, Benjamin Gaubert, Pablo Lichtig, Karl Ropkins, Iara da Silva, Guilherme Martins Pereira, et al. “A Century of Vehicular Emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the Impacts of Unique Fuel Mix on Air Quality.” Environmental Science &amp; Technology. American Chemical Society, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c08400.' ieee: 'S. Ibarra-Espinosa et al., “A century of vehicular emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the impacts of unique fuel mix on air quality,” Environmental Science &amp; Technology. American Chemical Society, 2026.' ista: 'Ibarra-Espinosa S, Dias de Freitas E, Gaubert B, Lichtig P, Ropkins K, da Silva I, Martins Pereira G, Schuch D, Nascimento J, Hoinaski L, Martins LD, Gavidia-Calderón M, Vara-Vela A, Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque T, Ynoue RY, Diez S, Mera Z, Casallas Garcia A, Vallejo F, Diaz V, Pedruzzi R, Abrutzky R, Franco MA, Huneeus N, Jorquera H, Belalcázar-Cerón LC, Rojas NY, de Fatima Andrade M, Emmons L, Brasseur G. 2026. A century of vehicular emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the impacts of unique fuel mix on air quality. Environmental Science &amp; Technology., 5c08400.' mla: 'Ibarra-Espinosa, Sergio, et al. “A Century of Vehicular Emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the Impacts of Unique Fuel Mix on Air Quality.” Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 5c08400, American Chemical Society, 2026, doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c08400.' short: S. Ibarra-Espinosa, E. Dias de Freitas, B. Gaubert, P. Lichtig, K. Ropkins, I. da Silva, G. Martins Pereira, D. Schuch, J. Nascimento, L. Hoinaski, L.D. Martins, M. Gavidia-Calderón, A. Vara-Vela, T. Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque, R.Y. Ynoue, S. Diez, Z. Mera, A. Casallas Garcia, F. Vallejo, V. Diaz, R. Pedruzzi, R. Abrutzky, M.A. Franco, N. Huneeus, H. Jorquera, L.C. Belalcázar-Cerón, N.Y. Rojas, M. de Fatima Andrade, L. Emmons, G. Brasseur, Environmental Science &amp; Technology (2026). date_created: 2026-02-09T06:54:10Z date_published: 2026-02-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T10:33:07Z day: '04' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5c08400 ec_funded: 1 external_id: pmid: - '41636708' has_accepted_license: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '02' oa_version: None pmid: 1 project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' publication: Environmental Science & Technology publication_identifier: eissn: - 1520-5851 issn: - 0013-936X publication_status: epub_ahead publisher: American Chemical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'A century of vehicular emissions in Brazil: Unveiling the impacts of unique fuel mix on air quality' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2026' ... --- OA_type: closed access _id: '19015' abstract: - lang: eng text: When microplastics (MPs) enter water bodies, they undergo various transport processes, including sedimentation, which can be influenced by factors such as particle size, density, and interactions with other particles. Surface waters contain suspended natural particles (e.g., clay and silt), which may impact MP settling rates. Here, we investigated how the presence of suspended sediments (SS) influenced the deposition patterns and rates of MPs in turbid waters. We systematically analyzed the settling velocities of particles, including different MP sizes and SS concentrations, in a plexiglass column with a camera array. For each experimental variant, we collected data on thousands of individual MPs, strengthening the statistical analysis of the particles’ velocities. Simultaneous measurements of the SS flow and MPs trajectories revealed that the SS induced complex flow patterns, with MPs spending more time in downwelling flow regions, thereby accelerating MPs sedimentation. This effect was more pronounced when SS were aggregated. Additionally, we found that smaller MP fragments were more affected by the fluctuations than spheres or larger fragments. Collectively, our results provide valuable data for future MP fate models and help to understand the sedimentation processes of MPs in natural waters, which is crucial for assessing their environmental transport and impact. acknowledgement: F.P. and D.M.M. were funded through the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number PCEFP2_186856). article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Francesco full_name: Parrella, Francesco last_name: Parrella - first_name: Stefano full_name: Brizzolara, Stefano id: 4bbe33b8-c59a-11ee-a1af-fa33d1ac42c4 last_name: Brizzolara - first_name: Markus full_name: Holzner, Markus last_name: Holzner - first_name: Denise M. full_name: Mitrano, Denise M. last_name: Mitrano citation: ama: 'Parrella F, Brizzolara S, Holzner M, Mitrano DM. Microplastics settling in turbid water: Impacts of sediments-induced flow patterns on particle deposition rates. Environmental Science and Technology. 2025;59(4):2257-2265. doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c10551' apa: 'Parrella, F., Brizzolara, S., Holzner, M., & Mitrano, D. M. (2025). Microplastics settling in turbid water: Impacts of sediments-induced flow patterns on particle deposition rates. Environmental Science and Technology. American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10551' chicago: 'Parrella, Francesco, Stefano Brizzolara, Markus Holzner, and Denise M. Mitrano. “Microplastics Settling in Turbid Water: Impacts of Sediments-Induced Flow Patterns on Particle Deposition Rates.” Environmental Science and Technology. American Chemical Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c10551.' ieee: 'F. Parrella, S. Brizzolara, M. Holzner, and D. M. Mitrano, “Microplastics settling in turbid water: Impacts of sediments-induced flow patterns on particle deposition rates,” Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 59, no. 4. American Chemical Society, pp. 2257–2265, 2025.' ista: 'Parrella F, Brizzolara S, Holzner M, Mitrano DM. 2025. Microplastics settling in turbid water: Impacts of sediments-induced flow patterns on particle deposition rates. Environmental Science and Technology. 59(4), 2257–2265.' mla: 'Parrella, Francesco, et al. “Microplastics Settling in Turbid Water: Impacts of Sediments-Induced Flow Patterns on Particle Deposition Rates.” Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 59, no. 4, American Chemical Society, 2025, pp. 2257–65, doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c10551.' short: F. Parrella, S. Brizzolara, M. Holzner, D.M. Mitrano, Environmental Science and Technology 59 (2025) 2257–2265. date_created: 2025-02-09T23:01:50Z date_published: 2025-01-27T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T10:27:26Z day: '27' department: - _id: BjHo doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c10551 external_id: isi: - '001406914100001' pmid: - '39868426' intvolume: ' 59' isi: 1 issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa_version: None page: 2257-2265 pmid: 1 publication: Environmental Science and Technology publication_identifier: eissn: - 1520-5851 issn: - 0013-936X publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Microplastics settling in turbid water: Impacts of sediments-induced flow patterns on particle deposition rates' type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 59 year: '2025' ...