---
_id: '10569'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'For animals to survive until reproduction, it is crucial that juveniles successfully
    detect potential predators and respond with appropriate behavior. The recognition
    of cues originating from predators can be innate or learned. Cues of various modalities
    might be used alone or in multi-modal combinations to detect and distinguish predators
    but studies investigating multi-modal integration in predator avoidance are scarce.
    Here, we used wild, naive tadpoles of the Neotropical poison frog Allobates femoralis
    ( Boulenger, 1884) to test their reaction to cues with two modalities from two
    different sympatrically occurring potential predators: heterospecific predatory
    Dendrobates tinctorius tadpoles and dragonfly larvae. We presented A. femoralis
    tadpoles with olfactory or visual cues, or a combination of the two, and compared
    their reaction to a water control in a between-individual design. In our trials,
    A. femoralis tadpoles reacted to multi-modal stimuli (a combination of visual
    and chemical information) originating from dragonfly larvae with avoidance but
    showed no reaction to uni-modal cues or cues from heterospecific tadpoles. In
    addition, visual cues from conspecifics increased swimming activity while cues
    from predators had no effect on tadpole activity. Our results show that A. femoralis
    tadpoles can innately recognize some predators and probably need both visual and
    chemical information to effectively avoid them. This is the first study looking
    at anti-predator behavior in poison frog tadpoles. We discuss how parental care
    might influence the expression of predator avoidance responses in tadpoles.'
acknowledgement: We are grateful to Véronique Helfer, Walter Hödl, Lisa Schretzmeyer
  and Julia Wotke, who assisted with fieldwork in French Guiana. This work was supported
  by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P24788, T699 and P31518 to E.R.; P33728 to M.R.;
  J3827 to Thomas Bugnyar, Tecumseh Fitch and Ludwig Huber]; and by the Austrian Bundesministerium
  für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft [IS761001 to J.O. (Tecumseh Fitch, Thomas
  Bugnyar and Ludwig Huber)]. A.P. was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020
  research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement
  no. 835530. S.A.R. was supported by the HT faculty, Lund University. We thank the
  CNRS Nouragues Ecological Research Station, which benefited from the ‘Investissement
  d'Avenir’ grants managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (AnaEE France ANR-11-INBS-0001;
  Labex CEBA ANR-10-LABX-25-01). Open access funding provided by University of Vienna.
  Deposited in PMC for immediate release.
article_number: jeb243647
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: B
  full_name: Szabo, B
  last_name: Szabo
- first_name: R
  full_name: Mangione, R
  last_name: Mangione
- first_name: M
  full_name: Rath, M
  last_name: Rath
- first_name: A
  full_name: Pašukonis, A
  last_name: Pašukonis
- first_name: SA
  full_name: Reber, SA
  last_name: Reber
- first_name: Jinook
  full_name: Oh, Jinook
  id: 403169A4-080F-11EA-9993-BF3F3DDC885E
  last_name: Oh
  orcid: 0000-0001-7425-2372
- first_name: M
  full_name: Ringler, M
  last_name: Ringler
- first_name: E
  full_name: Ringler, E
  last_name: Ringler
citation:
  ama: Szabo B, Mangione R, Rath M, et al. Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal
    cues to avoid insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. <i>Journal
    of Experimental Biology</i>. 2021;224(24). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647">10.1242/jeb.243647</a>
  apa: Szabo, B., Mangione, R., Rath, M., Pašukonis, A., Reber, S., Oh, J., … Ringler,
    E. (2021). Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators
    but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>.
    The Company of Biologists. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647">https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647</a>
  chicago: Szabo, B, R Mangione, M Rath, A Pašukonis, SA Reber, Jinook Oh, M Ringler,
    and E Ringler. “Naïve Poison Frog Tadpoles Use Bi-Modal Cues to Avoid Insect Predators
    but Not Heterospecific Predatory Tadpoles.” <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>.
    The Company of Biologists, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647">https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647</a>.
  ieee: B. Szabo <i>et al.</i>, “Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid
    insect predators but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles,” <i>Journal of Experimental
    Biology</i>, vol. 224, no. 24. The Company of Biologists, 2021.
  ista: Szabo B, Mangione R, Rath M, Pašukonis A, Reber S, Oh J, Ringler M, Ringler
    E. 2021. Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators
    but not heterospecific predatory tadpoles. Journal of Experimental Biology. 224(24),
    jeb243647.
  mla: Szabo, B., et al. “Naïve Poison Frog Tadpoles Use Bi-Modal Cues to Avoid Insect
    Predators but Not Heterospecific Predatory Tadpoles.” <i>Journal of Experimental
    Biology</i>, vol. 224, no. 24, jeb243647, The Company of Biologists, 2021, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.243647">10.1242/jeb.243647</a>.
  short: B. Szabo, R. Mangione, M. Rath, A. Pašukonis, S. Reber, J. Oh, M. Ringler,
    E. Ringler, Journal of Experimental Biology 224 (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-20T07:54:22Z
date_published: 2021-12-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-21T06:02:05Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '573'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1242/jeb.243647
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000738259300013'
  pmid:
  - '34845497'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 75d13a5ec8e3b90e3bc02bd8a9c17eef
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cchlebak
  date_created: 2021-12-20T10:14:14Z
  date_updated: 2021-12-20T10:14:14Z
  file_id: '10571'
  file_name: 2021_JExpBio_Szabo.pdf
  file_size: 607096
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-20T10:14:14Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       224'
isi: 1
issue: '24'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Experimental Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1477-9145
  issn:
  - 0022-0949
publication_status: published
publisher: The Company of Biologists
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Naïve poison frog tadpoles use bi-modal cues to avoid insect predators but
  not heterospecific predatory tadpoles
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 224
year: '2021'
...