--- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '22363' abstract: - lang: eng text: Eukaryotic gene regulation relies on stochastic yet controlled promoter switching, in which genes transition between transcriptionally active and inactive states. Despite the molecular complexity of this process, recent studies have revealed a surprising invariance of the “switching correlation time” (TC)—the characteristic decay time of the autocorrelation function of promoter activity fluctuations—across gene expression levels in multiple genes and organisms. A biophysically plausible explanation for this invariance has so far been lacking. Here, we show that this empirical constraint imposes stringent requirements on minimal yet realistic models of transcriptional regulation. Specifically, reproducing TC–invariance requires regulatory architectures with at least four internal states and nonequilibrium dynamics that break detailed balance. Using Bayesian inference on Drosophila gap gene expression data, we demonstrate that such models i) quantitatively reproduce the observed TC–invariance, ii) remain robust to parameter perturbations, and iii) maximize information transmission from transcription factor concentration to gene expression. Remarkably, the TC-invariant modulation strategy we identify as optimal closely parallels contemporary control-theoretic results on the modulation of stochastic switching systems. Taken together, our results suggest that eukaryotic transcriptional regulation operates in a nonequilibrium regime to balance precision, reaction-rate limitations, and energy dissipation, thereby achieving near-optimal information transmission under fundamental physical constraints. acknowledgement: This work was supported by the French NationalResearch Agency (ANR-20-CE12-0028 “ChroDynE” and ANR-23-CE13-0021“GastruCyp” and ANR-10 LABX-73 “Revive;” all T.G.), and by funding from theEuropean Research Council (ERC-2023-SyG, “Dynatrans,” 101118866, T.G. andG.T.). This work was also supported in part by the U.S. NSF, through the Centerfor the Physics of Biological Function (PHY-1734030, T.G.), and by NIH GrantsR01GM097275, U01DA047730, and U01DK127429 (T.G.) article_number: e2524855123 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Benjamin full_name: Zoller, Benjamin last_name: Zoller - first_name: Alexis full_name: Benichou, Alexis id: 3a67230c-5fc0-11ef-a673-de9a2ffadafe last_name: Benichou - first_name: Thomas full_name: Gregor, Thomas last_name: Gregor - first_name: Gašper full_name: Tkačik, Gašper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkačik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 citation: ama: Zoller B, Benichou A, Gregor T, Tkačik G. Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2026;123(28). doi:10.1073/pnas.2524855123 apa: Zoller, B., Benichou, A., Gregor, T., & Tkačik, G. (2026). Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524855123 chicago: Zoller, Benjamin, Alexis Benichou, Thomas Gregor, and Gašper Tkačik. “Invariant Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Gene Regulation Optimize Information Flow.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524855123. ieee: B. Zoller, A. Benichou, T. Gregor, and G. Tkačik, “Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 123, no. 28. National Academy of Sciences, 2026. ista: Zoller B, Benichou A, Gregor T, Tkačik G. 2026. Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 123(28), e2524855123. mla: Zoller, Benjamin, et al. “Invariant Nonequilibrium Dynamics in Gene Regulation Optimize Information Flow.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 123, no. 28, e2524855123, National Academy of Sciences, 2026, doi:10.1073/pnas.2524855123. short: B. Zoller, A. Benichou, T. Gregor, G. Tkačik, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 123 (2026). corr_author: '1' das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: Software code data have been deposited in Institute Pasteur GitHub (https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/tglab/invariantpromoterdynamicspaper) (51). date_created: 2026-07-19T22:01:46Z date_published: 2026-07-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-08-04T09:21:10Z day: '14' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: GaTk doi: 10.1073/pnas.2524855123 external_id: pmid: - '42406962' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: f4d82dd706ff1629db68d71190288350 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-07-20T13:12:47Z date_updated: 2026-07-20T13:12:47Z file_id: '22376' file_name: 2026_PNAS_Zoller.pdf file_size: 24580098 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-07-20T13:12:47Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524855123 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 123' issue: '28' language: - iso: eng license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ month: '07' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 7bfe6a29-9f16-11ee-852c-c0da5e2045d9 grant_number: '101118866' name: 'Transcription in 4D: the dynamic interplay between chromatin architecture and gene expression in developing pseudo-embryos' publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-art-of-proper-flickering/ researchdata_availability: yes scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: Invariant nonequilibrium dynamics in gene regulation optimize information flow tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 123 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '22733' abstract: - lang: eng text: Sleep need is associated with both circuit dynamics and widespread synaptic plasticity, yet the specific synaptic changes underlying sleep homeostasis remain incompletely understood. In Drosophila, sleep loss has been shown to trigger plasticity of the presynaptic active zone, marked by increasing levels of the ELKS-family scaffold protein Bruchpilot (BRP). By titrating brp gene copy number, we previously established a presynapse-specific, dosage-dependent paradigm that modulates sleep pressure. Here, to elucidate the molecular landscape of this plasticity, we performed synapse-enriched integrated-omics. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses revealed changes in immune and stress response pathways and local translation control. Strikingly, phospho-proteomic analysis uncovered a global shift toward hypophosphorylation, particularly in presynaptic proteins, indicating a reprogramming of the phosphorylation–dephosphorylation balance. This presynaptic hypophosphorylation is likely contributed by reduced activity of Protein Kinase A (PKA) and enhanced substrate affinity of Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) mediated by its regulatory subunit Spinophilin (Spn). Manipulating either PKA or PP1 activity was sufficient to suppress BRP-modulated sleep phenotypes. We propose that presynaptic hypophosphorylation constitutes a molecular signature of local synaptic remodeling that adaptively tunes sleep need via reversible posttranslational modification, a mechanism likely conserved across species. article_number: e2524065123 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Chengji full_name: Piao, Chengji last_name: Piao - first_name: Ewelina full_name: Dutkiewicz, Ewelina id: 0601cc46-c082-11ec-9b07-bb29641d1de9 last_name: Dutkiewicz - first_name: Laxmikanth full_name: Kollipara, Laxmikanth last_name: Kollipara - first_name: Albert full_name: Sickmann, Albert last_name: Sickmann - first_name: Sheng full_name: Huang, Sheng last_name: Huang - first_name: Stephan J. full_name: Sigrist, Stephan J. last_name: Sigrist citation: ama: Piao C, Dutkiewicz E, Kollipara L, Sickmann A, Huang S, Sigrist SJ. Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2026;123(24). doi:10.1073/pnas.2524065123 apa: Piao, C., Dutkiewicz, E., Kollipara, L., Sickmann, A., Huang, S., & Sigrist, S. J. (2026). Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524065123 chicago: Piao, Chengji, Ewelina Dutkiewicz, Laxmikanth Kollipara, Albert Sickmann, Sheng Huang, and Stephan J. Sigrist. “Active Zone Plasticity Couples Sleep Need to Presynaptic Hypophosphorylation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524065123. ieee: C. Piao, E. Dutkiewicz, L. Kollipara, A. Sickmann, S. Huang, and S. J. Sigrist, “Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 123, no. 24. National Academy of Sciences, 2026. ista: Piao C, Dutkiewicz E, Kollipara L, Sickmann A, Huang S, Sigrist SJ. 2026. Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 123(24), e2524065123. mla: Piao, Chengji, et al. “Active Zone Plasticity Couples Sleep Need to Presynaptic Hypophosphorylation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 123, no. 24, e2524065123, National Academy of Sciences, 2026, doi:10.1073/pnas.2524065123. short: C. Piao, E. Dutkiewicz, L. Kollipara, A. Sickmann, S. Huang, S.J. Sigrist, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 123 (2026). date_created: 2026-08-18T10:46:33Z date_published: 2026-06-16T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-08-20T05:35:33Z day: '16' ddc: - '570' doi: 10.1073/pnas.2524065123 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '42258713' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 3727c5ad18c1e9c65672fbb01ac6ea04 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2026-08-20T05:34:25Z date_updated: 2026-08-20T05:34:25Z file_id: '22737' file_name: 2026_PNAS_Piao.pdf file_size: 3915000 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2026-08-20T05:34:25Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524065123 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 123' issue: '24' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: issn: - 0027-8424 - 1091-6490 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Active zone plasticity couples sleep need to presynaptic hypophosphorylation tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 123 year: '2026' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '18849' abstract: - lang: eng text: Many biological systems operate near the physical limits to their performance, suggesting that aspects of their behavior and underlying mechanisms could be derived from optimization principles. However, such principles have often been applied only in simplified models. Here, we explore a detailed mechanistic model of the gap gene network in the Drosophila embryo, optimizing its 50+ parameters to maximize the information that gene expression levels provide about nuclear positions. This optimization is conducted under realistic constraints, such as limits on the number of available molecules. Remarkably, the optimal networks we derive closely match the architecture and spatial gene expression profiles observed in the real organism. Our framework quantifies the tradeoffs involved in maximizing functional performance and allows for the exploration of alternative network configurations, addressing the question of which features are necessary and which are contingent. Our results suggest that multiple solutions to the optimization problem might exist across closely related organisms, offering insights into the evolution of gene regulatory networks. acknowledgement: We thank Nicholas H. Barton for his comments on the manuscript, Benjamin Zoller for helpful discussions, and Aleksandra Walczak and Curtis Callan for early collaborations that shaped this work. Special thanks to Eric F. Wieschaus for many persistently inspiring conversations. This work was supported in part by the Human Frontiers Science Program; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P28844); by the European Research Council grant DynaTrans (101118866); by U.S. NSF, through the Center for the Physics of Biological Function (PHY–1734030); by NIH Grants R01GM097275, U01DA047730, and U01DK127429; by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; and by the LOEWE priority program “Center for Multiscale Modeling in Life Sciences” (CMMS), sponsored by the Hessian Ministry for Science and Research, Arts and Culture (HMWK). article_number: e2402925121 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Thomas R full_name: Sokolowski, Thomas R id: 3E999752-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sokolowski orcid: 0000-0002-1287-3779 - first_name: Thomas full_name: Gregor, Thomas last_name: Gregor - first_name: William full_name: Bialek, William last_name: Bialek - first_name: Gašper full_name: Tkačik, Gašper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkačik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 citation: ama: Sokolowski TR, Gregor T, Bialek W, Tkačik G. Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(1). doi:10.1073/pnas.2402925121 apa: Sokolowski, T. R., Gregor, T., Bialek, W., & Tkačik, G. (2025). Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2402925121 chicago: Sokolowski, Thomas R, Thomas Gregor, William Bialek, and Gašper Tkačik. “Deriving a Genetic Regulatory Network from an Optimization Principle.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2402925121. ieee: T. R. Sokolowski, T. Gregor, W. Bialek, and G. Tkačik, “Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 1. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Sokolowski TR, Gregor T, Bialek W, Tkačik G. 2025. Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(1), e2402925121. mla: Sokolowski, Thomas R., et al. “Deriving a Genetic Regulatory Network from an Optimization Principle.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 1, e2402925121, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2402925121. short: T.R. Sokolowski, T. Gregor, W. Bialek, G. Tkačik, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-01-19T23:01:50Z date_published: 2025-01-07T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:26:51Z day: '07' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: GaTk doi: 10.1073/pnas.2402925121 external_id: isi: - '001392772400001' pmid: - '39752518' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 8dbfc7d495413340225ebfae69b0cf9a content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-20T10:10:04Z date_updated: 2025-01-20T10:10:04Z file_id: '18862' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Sokolowski.pdf file_size: 19073585 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-20T10:10:04Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2402925121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 254E9036-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: FWF grant_number: P28844-B27 name: Biophysics of information processing in gene regulation - _id: 7bfe6a29-9f16-11ee-852c-c0da5e2045d9 grant_number: '101118866' name: 'Transcription in 4D: the dynamic interplay between chromatin architecture and gene expression in developing pseudo-embryos' - _id: 2665AAFE-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 grant_number: RGP0034/2018 name: Can evolution minimize spurious signaling crosstalk to reach optimal performance? publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Deriving a genetic regulatory network from an optimization principle tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 3261,23 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '18850' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Biophysical constraints limit the specificity with which transcription factors (TFs) can target regulatory DNA. While individual nontarget binding events may be low affinity, the sheer number of such interactions could present a challenge for gene regulation by degrading its precision or possibly leading to an erroneous induction state. Chromatin can prevent nontarget binding by rendering DNA physically inaccessible to TFs, at the cost of energy-consuming remodeling orchestrated by pioneer factors (PFs). Under what conditions and by how much can chromatin reduce regulatory errors on a global scale? We use a theoretical approach to compare two scenarios for gene regulation: one that relies on TF binding to free DNA alone and one that uses a combination of TFs and chromatin-regulating PFs to achieve desired gene expression patterns. We find, first, that chromatin effectively silences groups of genes that should be simultaneously OFF, thereby allowing more accurate graded control of expression for the remaining ON genes. Second, chromatin buffers the deleterious consequences of nontarget binding as the number of OFF genes grows, permitting a substantial expansion in regulatory complexity. Third, chromatin-based regulation productively co-opts nontarget TF binding for ON genes in order to establish a “leaky” baseline expression level, which targeted activator or repressor binding subsequently up- or down-modulates. Thus, on a global scale, using chromatin simultaneously alleviates pressure for high specificity of regulatory interactions and enables an increase in genome size with minimal impact on global expression error.' acknowledgement: M.L.P. was supported by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Interdisciplinary Postdoc Programme (EIPOD4 fellowships), cofunded by Marie SkÅ‚odowska-Curie Actions (Grant Agreement No. 847543). J.C. and M.L.P. were supported by EMBL Core Funding and Theory@EMBL. This work is supported by European Research Council Grant DynaTrans (101118866) to G.T. We would like to thank the members of the J.C. and G.T. groups, especially Natalia Misunou, Michal Hledík, and Réka Borbély, for helpful feedback and discussion. We also thank EMBL IT Services for the use of high performance computing resources. article_number: e2411887121 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Mindy Liu full_name: Perkins, Mindy Liu last_name: Perkins - first_name: Justin full_name: Crocker, Justin last_name: Crocker - first_name: Gašper full_name: Tkačik, Gašper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkačik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 citation: ama: Perkins ML, Crocker J, Tkačik G. Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(1). doi:10.1073/pnas.2411887121 apa: Perkins, M. L., Crocker, J., & Tkačik, G. (2025). Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2411887121 chicago: Perkins, Mindy Liu, Justin Crocker, and Gašper Tkačik. “Chromatin Enables Precise and Scalable Gene Regulation with Factors of Limited Specificity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2411887121. ieee: M. L. Perkins, J. Crocker, and G. Tkačik, “Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 1. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Perkins ML, Crocker J, Tkačik G. 2025. Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(1), e2411887121. mla: Perkins, Mindy Liu, et al. “Chromatin Enables Precise and Scalable Gene Regulation with Factors of Limited Specificity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 1, e2411887121, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2411887121. short: M.L. Perkins, J. Crocker, G. Tkačik, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-01-19T23:01:51Z date_published: 2025-01-07T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-05-06T12:43:59Z day: '07' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: GaTk doi: 10.1073/pnas.2411887121 external_id: isi: - '001392765300001' pmid: - '39793086' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 86a8d25a6e282aeb4128f1d0b86ff911 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-20T09:38:32Z date_updated: 2025-01-20T09:38:32Z file_id: '18859' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Perkins.pdf file_size: 30943709 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-20T09:38:32Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2411887121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '1' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 7bfe6a29-9f16-11ee-852c-c0da5e2045d9 grant_number: '101118866' name: 'Transcription in 4D: the dynamic interplay between chromatin architecture and gene expression in developing pseudo-embryos' publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/officerredshirt/network_crosstalk scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Chromatin enables precise and scalable gene regulation with factors of limited specificity tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19036' abstract: - lang: eng text: Neuronal processing of external sensory input is shaped by internally generated top–down information. In the neocortex, top–down projections primarily target layer 1, which contains NDNF (neuron-derived neurotrophic factor)-expressing interneurons and the dendrites of pyramidal cells. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that NDNF interneurons shape cortical computations in an unconventional, layer-specific way, by exerting presynaptic inhibition on synapses in layer 1 while leaving synapses in deeper layers unaffected. We first confirm experimentally that in the auditory cortex, synapses from somatostatin-expressing (SOM) onto NDNF neurons are indeed modulated by ambient Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Shifting to a computational model, we then show that this mechanism introduces a distinct mutual inhibition motif between NDNF interneurons and the synaptic outputs of SOM interneurons. This motif can control inhibition in a layer-specific way and introduces competition between NDNF and SOM interneurons for dendritic inhibition onto pyramidal cells on different timescales. NDNF interneurons can thereby control cortical information flow by redistributing dendritic inhibition from fast to slow timescales and by gating different sources of dendritic inhibition. acknowledgement: "We thank all members of the Letzkus lab, the Sprekeler lab, and the Vogels lab for discussions, U. Thirimanna for technical assistance, and K. Deisseroth for generously sharing reagents. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (LE 3804/3-1, LE 3804/4-1, LE 3804/7-1, CRC-TRR 384/1 2024, - 514483642, and 460088091) and the Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship 214316/Z/18/Z.\r\nElectrophysiological recordings, source code for simulations, and data analysis have been deposited in GitHub (https://github.com/LNaumann/NDNF_control_inhibition_Naumann25) (62)." article_number: e2408966122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Laura B full_name: Naumann, Laura B id: 81a3b706-8972-11ed-ae7b-8eff728700ca last_name: Naumann - first_name: Loreen full_name: Hertäg, Loreen last_name: Hertäg - first_name: Jennifer full_name: Müller, Jennifer last_name: Müller - first_name: Johannes J. full_name: Letzkus, Johannes J. last_name: Letzkus - first_name: Henning full_name: Sprekeler, Henning last_name: Sprekeler citation: ama: Naumann LB, Hertäg L, Müller J, Letzkus JJ, Sprekeler H. Layer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(4). doi:10.1073/pnas.2408966122 apa: Naumann, L. B., Hertäg, L., Müller, J., Letzkus, J. J., & Sprekeler, H. (2025). Layer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2408966122 chicago: Naumann, Laura B, Loreen Hertäg, Jennifer Müller, Johannes J. Letzkus, and Henning Sprekeler. “Layer-Specific Control of Inhibition by NDNF Interneurons.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2408966122. ieee: L. B. Naumann, L. Hertäg, J. Müller, J. J. Letzkus, and H. Sprekeler, “Layer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 4. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Naumann LB, Hertäg L, Müller J, Letzkus JJ, Sprekeler H. 2025. Layer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(4), e2408966122. mla: Naumann, Laura B., et al. “Layer-Specific Control of Inhibition by NDNF Interneurons.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 4, e2408966122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2408966122. short: L.B. Naumann, L. Hertäg, J. Müller, J.J. Letzkus, H. Sprekeler, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). date_created: 2025-02-17T09:20:19Z date_published: 2025-01-22T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:28:02Z day: '22' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: TiVo doi: 10.1073/pnas.2408966122 external_id: isi: - '001422380500004' pmid: - '39841147' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 636d5130724e3236ebf4fc658b3945fe content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-02-17T14:46:18Z date_updated: 2025-02-17T14:46:18Z file_id: '19046' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Naumann.pdf file_size: 13726531 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-02-17T14:46:18Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2408966122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '4' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/LNaumann/NDNF_control_inhibition_Naumann25 scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Layer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 3317,75 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19453' abstract: - lang: eng text: A key feature of biological and artificial neural networks is the progressive refinement of their neural representations with experience. In neuroscience, this fact has inspired several recent studies in sensory and motor systems. However, less is known about how higher associational cortical areas, such as the hippocampus, modify representations throughout the learning of complex tasks. Here, we focus on associative learning, a process that requires forming a connection between the representations of different variables for appropriate behavioral response. We trained rats in a space-context associative task and monitored hippocampal neural activity throughout the entire learning period, over several days. This allowed us to assess changes in the representations of context, movement direction, and position, as well as their relationship to behavior. We identified a hierarchical representational structure in the encoding of these three task variables that was preserved throughout learning. Nevertheless, we also observed changes at the lower levels of the hierarchy where context was encoded. These changes were local in neural activity space and restricted to physical positions where context identification was necessary for correct decision-making, supporting better context decoding and contextual code compression. Our results demonstrate that the hippocampal code not only accommodates hierarchical relationships between different variables but also enables efficient learning through minimal changes in neural activity space. Beyond the hippocampus, our work reveals a representation learning mechanism that might be implemented in other biological and artificial networks performing similar tasks. acknowledgement: We would like to thank Rebecca Morse for performing the recordings in one of the animals under the supervision of H.S.C.C., Jago Wallenschus for the technical support, especially with maze design, Wiktor Mlynarski for the advice and discussions and Andrea Cumpelik for suggestions during the writing. M.N. was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. H.S.C.C. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665385. article_number: e2417025122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Heloisa full_name: Chiossi, Heloisa id: 2BBA502C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chiossi orcid: 0009-0004-2973-278X - first_name: Michele full_name: Nardin, Michele id: 30BD0376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Nardin orcid: 0000-0001-8849-6570 - first_name: Gašper full_name: Tkačik, Gašper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkačik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 - first_name: Jozsef L full_name: Csicsvari, Jozsef L id: 3FA14672-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Csicsvari orcid: 0000-0002-5193-4036 citation: ama: Chiossi HSC, Nardin M, Tkačik G, Csicsvari JL. Learning reshapes the hippocampal representation hierarchy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(11). doi:10.1073/pnas.2417025122 apa: Chiossi, H. S. C., Nardin, M., Tkačik, G., & Csicsvari, J. L. (2025). Learning reshapes the hippocampal representation hierarchy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417025122 chicago: Chiossi, Heloisa S. C., Michele Nardin, Gašper Tkačik, and Jozsef L Csicsvari. “Learning Reshapes the Hippocampal Representation Hierarchy.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417025122. ieee: H. S. C. Chiossi, M. Nardin, G. Tkačik, and J. L. Csicsvari, “Learning reshapes the hippocampal representation hierarchy,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 11. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Chiossi HSC, Nardin M, Tkačik G, Csicsvari JL. 2025. Learning reshapes the hippocampal representation hierarchy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(11), e2417025122. mla: Chiossi, Heloisa S. C., et al. “Learning Reshapes the Hippocampal Representation Hierarchy.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 11, e2417025122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2417025122. short: H.S.C. Chiossi, M. Nardin, G. Tkačik, J.L. Csicsvari, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-03-25T07:38:35Z date_published: 2025-03-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-05-06T13:12:01Z day: '10' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: GaTk - _id: JoCs doi: 10.1073/pnas.2417025122 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001459499500001' pmid: - '40063792' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1217207c254553154faa065964990988 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-03-25T07:49:04Z date_updated: 2025-03-25T07:49:04Z file_id: '19454' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Chiossi.pdf file_size: 1553502 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-03-25T07:49:04Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417025122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '11' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '665385' name: International IST Doctoral Program publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/hchiossi/hpc-hierarchy record: - id: '18991' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Learning reshapes the hippocampal representation hierarchy tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19499' abstract: - lang: eng text: Quantum hardware is inherently fragile and noisy. We find that the accuracy of traditional quantum error correction algorithms can be improved depending on the hardware. Given different hardware specifications, we automatically synthesize hardware-optimal algorithms for parity correction, qubit resetting, and GHZ (Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger) state preparation. Using stochastic techniques from computer science, our method presents a computational tool to compute exact accuracy guarantees and synthesize optimal algorithms that are often different from traditional ones. We also show that improvements can be gained with respect to the Qiskit transpiler as we compute the hardware-optimal qubit mapping for the GHZ state-preparation problem. acknowledgement: We thank the reviewers. In particular, they inspired us to analyze the reset and state-preparation problems, to compute optimal qubit mappings, and to apply our method to a quantum error correction scheme that includes both bitflip and phaseflip corrections. We also thank Raimundo Saona and Marek Chalupa for their time spent in insightful discussions. This research was partially supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) grant. article_number: e2419273122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Stefanie full_name: Muroya Lei, Stefanie id: a376de31-8972-11ed-ae7b-d0251c13c8ff last_name: Muroya Lei - first_name: Krishnendu full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chatterjee orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724 citation: ama: Muroya Lei S, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(12). doi:10.1073/pnas.2419273122 apa: Muroya Lei, S., Chatterjee, K., & Henzinger, T. A. (2025). Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122 chicago: Muroya Lei, Stefanie, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Hardware-Optimal Quantum Algorithms.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122. ieee: S. Muroya Lei, K. Chatterjee, and T. A. Henzinger, “Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 12. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Muroya Lei S, Chatterjee K, Henzinger TA. 2025. Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(12), e2419273122. mla: Muroya Lei, Stefanie, et al. “Hardware-Optimal Quantum Algorithms.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 12, e2419273122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2419273122. short: S. Muroya Lei, K. Chatterjee, T.A. Henzinger, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-04-06T22:01:32Z date_published: 2025-03-25T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-04-28T13:41:14Z day: '25' ddc: - '000' department: - _id: KrCh - _id: ToHe doi: 10.1073/pnas.2419273122 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001459435600001' pmid: - '40106357' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 83501b8a65ee5fdd3f5604fc28eddc22 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-04-07T11:42:22Z date_updated: 2025-04-07T11:42:22Z file_id: '19524' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Muroya.pdf file_size: 6805668 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-04-07T11:42:22Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419273122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '12' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '863818' name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications' publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/smml1996/algorithm_synthesis - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/hardware-optimal-quantum-algorithms/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Hardware-optimal quantum algorithms tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 5949 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19626' abstract: - lang: eng text: Active regulation of gene expression, orchestrated by complex interactions of activators and repressors at promoters, controls the fate of organisms. In contrast, basal expression at uninduced promoters is considered to be a dynamically inert mode of nonfunctional “promoter leakiness,” merely a byproduct of transcriptional regulation. Here, we investigate the basal expression mode of the mar operon, the main regulator of intrinsic multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, and link its dynamic properties to the noncanonical, yet highly conserved start codon of marR across Enterobacteriaceae. Real-time, single-cell measurements across tens of generations reveal that basal expression consists of rare stochastic gene expression pulses, which maximize variability in wildtype and, surprisingly, transiently accelerate cellular elongation rates. Competition experiments show that basal expression confers fitness advantages to wildtype across several transitions between exponential and stationary growth by shortening lag times. The dynamically rich basal expression of the mar operon has likely been evolutionarily maintained for its role in growth homeostasis of Enterobacteria within the gut environment, thereby allowing other ancillary gene regulatory roles to evolve, e.g., control of costly-to-induce multidrug efflux pumps. Understanding the complex selection forces governing genetic systems involved in intrinsic multidrug resistance is crucial for effective public health measures. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: Bio acknowledgement: K.J. thanks B. Wu, I. Tomanek, K. Tomasek for detailed discussions on the manuscript, all other members from the Guet laboratory for valuable feedback, R. Chait, & Imaging and Optics Facility, Institute of Science and Technology Austria for helping with microscopy, Dr. Sudha Rao and Dr. Raja Mugasimangalam, Genotypic Technology India for allowing time off to address the revisions. K.J. acknowledges Institute of Science and Technology fellowship IC1006FELL02, R.H. was supported in part by Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Donor Advised-Fund grant 2020-225401 (https://doi.org/10.37921/120055ratwvi), O.O.B. acknowledges Fonds Zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) Grant ESP253-B, R.R. acknowledges FWF Grant 10.55776/ESP219, C.C.G. acknowledges FWF I5127-B. article_number: e2413709122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Kirti full_name: Jain, Kirti id: 330F0278-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jain orcid: 0000-0002-3809-0449 - first_name: Robert full_name: Hauschild, Robert id: 4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hauschild orcid: 0000-0001-9843-3522 - first_name: Olga full_name: Bochkareva, Olga id: C4558D3C-6102-11E9-A62E-F418E6697425 last_name: Bochkareva orcid: 0000-0003-1006-6639 - first_name: Roderich full_name: Römhild, Roderich id: 68E56E44-62B0-11EA-B963-444F3DDC885E last_name: Römhild orcid: 0000-0001-9480-5261 - first_name: Gašper full_name: Tkačik, Gašper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkačik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 - first_name: Calin C full_name: Guet, Calin C id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Guet orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052 citation: ama: Jain K, Hauschild R, Bochkareva O, Römhild R, Tkačik G, Guet CC. Pulsatile basal gene expression as a fitness determinant in bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(15). doi:10.1073/pnas.2413709122 apa: Jain, K., Hauschild, R., Bochkareva, O., Römhild, R., Tkačik, G., & Guet, C. C. (2025). Pulsatile basal gene expression as a fitness determinant in bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2413709122 chicago: Jain, Kirti, Robert Hauschild, Olga Bochkareva, Roderich Römhild, Gašper Tkačik, and Calin C Guet. “Pulsatile Basal Gene Expression as a Fitness Determinant in Bacteria.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2413709122. ieee: K. Jain, R. Hauschild, O. Bochkareva, R. Römhild, G. Tkačik, and C. C. Guet, “Pulsatile basal gene expression as a fitness determinant in bacteria,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 15. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Jain K, Hauschild R, Bochkareva O, Römhild R, Tkačik G, Guet CC. 2025. Pulsatile basal gene expression as a fitness determinant in bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(15), e2413709122. mla: Jain, Kirti, et al. “Pulsatile Basal Gene Expression as a Fitness Determinant in Bacteria.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 15, e2413709122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2413709122. short: K. Jain, R. Hauschild, O. Bochkareva, R. Römhild, G. Tkačik, C.C. Guet, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-04-27T22:02:13Z date_published: 2025-04-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-05-20T08:33:08Z day: '15' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: CaGu - _id: Bio - _id: FyKo - _id: GaTk doi: 10.1073/pnas.2413709122 external_id: isi: - '001471235200001' pmid: - '40193613' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 115a687f40009660eb4b38b4f6559d41 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-06-24T07:27:43Z date_updated: 2025-06-24T07:27:43Z file_id: '19888' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Jain.pdf file_size: 2949523 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-06-24T07:27:43Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2413709122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '15' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: c08e9ad1-5a5b-11eb-8a69-9d1cf3b07473 grant_number: CZI01 name: Tools for automation and feedback microscopy - _id: bd6f94d1-d553-11ed-ba76-ae9f07250f74 grant_number: E219 name: Non-canonical antibiotic interactions - _id: 34e076d6-11ca-11ed-8bc3-aec76c41a181 grant_number: I05127 name: Evolutionary analysis of gene regulation publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/clockwork-just-for-antibiotic-resistance/ record: - id: '19294' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Pulsatile basal gene expression as a fitness determinant in bacteria tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19965' abstract: - lang: eng text: Multiagent learning is challenging when agents face mixed-motivation interactions, where conflicts of interest arise as agents independently try to optimize their respective outcomes. Recent advancements in evolutionary game theory have identified a class of “zero-determinant” strategies, which confer an agent with significant unilateral control over outcomes in repeated games. Building on these insights, we present a comprehensive generalization of zero-determinant strategies to stochastic games, encompassing dynamic environments. We propose an algorithm that allows an agent to discover strategies enforcing predetermined linear (or approximately linear) payoff relationships. Of particular interest is the relationship in which both payoffs are equal, which serves as a proxy for fairness in symmetric games. We demonstrate that an agent can discover strategies enforcing such relationships through experience alone, without coordinating with an opponent. In finding and using such a strategy, an agent (“enforcer”) can incentivize optimal and equitable outcomes, circumventing potential exploitation. In particular, from the opponent’s viewpoint, the enforcer transforms a mixed-motivation problem into a cooperative problem, paving the way for more collaboration and fairness in multiagent systems. acknowledgement: 'We gratefully acknowledge the support from the European Research Council (Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT) and the Max Planck Society (C.H.), the European Research Council (Consolidator Grant 863818: ForM-SMArt) (K.C.), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 23PJ1405500) (Q.S.), the Army Research Office (Grant No. W911NF-18-1-0325) (N.E.L.), and the John Templeton Foundation (Grant No. 62281) (J.B.P.).' article_number: e2319927121 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Alex full_name: Mcavoy, Alex last_name: Mcavoy - first_name: Udari Madhushani full_name: Sehwag, Udari Madhushani last_name: Sehwag - first_name: Christian full_name: Hilbe, Christian id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hilbe orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X - first_name: Krishnendu full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chatterjee orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X - first_name: Wolfram full_name: Barfuss, Wolfram last_name: Barfuss - first_name: Qi full_name: Su, Qi last_name: Su - first_name: Naomi Ehrich full_name: Leonard, Naomi Ehrich last_name: Leonard - first_name: Joshua B. full_name: Plotkin, Joshua B. last_name: Plotkin citation: ama: Mcavoy A, Sehwag UM, Hilbe C, et al. Unilateral incentive alignment in two-agent stochastic games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(25). doi:10.1073/pnas.2319927121 apa: Mcavoy, A., Sehwag, U. M., Hilbe, C., Chatterjee, K., Barfuss, W., Su, Q., … Plotkin, J. B. (2025). Unilateral incentive alignment in two-agent stochastic games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319927121 chicago: Mcavoy, Alex, Udari Madhushani Sehwag, Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Wolfram Barfuss, Qi Su, Naomi Ehrich Leonard, and Joshua B. Plotkin. “Unilateral Incentive Alignment in Two-Agent Stochastic Games.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319927121. ieee: A. Mcavoy et al., “Unilateral incentive alignment in two-agent stochastic games,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 25. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Mcavoy A, Sehwag UM, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Barfuss W, Su Q, Leonard NE, Plotkin JB. 2025. Unilateral incentive alignment in two-agent stochastic games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(25), e2319927121. mla: Mcavoy, Alex, et al. “Unilateral Incentive Alignment in Two-Agent Stochastic Games.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 25, e2319927121, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2319927121. short: A. Mcavoy, U.M. Sehwag, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, W. Barfuss, Q. Su, N.E. Leonard, J.B. Plotkin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). date_created: 2025-07-06T22:01:23Z date_published: 2025-06-24T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-09-30T13:47:14Z day: '24' ddc: - '000' department: - _id: KrCh doi: 10.1073/pnas.2319927121 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001522351900001' pmid: - '40523172' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 3b35befd959a3e37aa9080a64a6afaf3 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-07-08T05:52:26Z date_updated: 2025-07-08T05:52:26Z file_id: '19972' file_name: 2025_PNAS_McAvoy.pdf file_size: 29525932 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-07-08T05:52:26Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319927121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '25' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '863818' name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications' publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Unilateral incentive alignment in two-agent stochastic games tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 5766,07 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20289' abstract: - lang: eng text: Cell and tissue movement in development, cancer invasion, and immune response relies on chemical or mechanical guidance cues. In many systems, this behavior is locally directed by self-generated signaling gradients rather than long-range, prepatterned cues. However, how heterogeneous mixtures of cells interact nonreciprocally and navigate through self-generated gradients remains largely unexplored. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for the self-organized chemotaxis of heterogeneous cell populations. We find that the relative chemotactic sensitivities of different cell populations control their long-time coupling and comigration dynamics, with boundary conditions such as external cell and attractant reservoirs substantially influencing the migration patterns. Our model predicts an optimal parameter regime that enables robust and colocalized migration. We test our theoretical predictions with in vitro experiments demonstrating the comigration of distinct immune cell populations, and quantitatively reproduce observed migration patterns under wild-type and perturbed conditions. Interestingly, immune cell comigration occurs close to the predicted optimal regime. Finally, we incorporate mechanical interactions into our framework, revealing a nontrivial interplay between chemotactic and mechanical nonreciprocity in driving collective migration. Together, our findings suggest that self-generated chemotaxis is a robust strategy for the navigation of mixed cell populations. acknowledged_ssus: - _id: Bio - _id: PreCl - _id: LifeSc - _id: NanoFab acknowledgement: We thank all members of the M.S. and E.H. groups for stimulating discussions.We thank the Imaging and Optics facility, the Pre-clinical and Lab Support facility of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria for their excellent support and provided resources for the experimental research. In particular, we thank Jack Merrin from the Nanofabrication facility who generated the microfabricated channel used in this study. This work received funding fromt he European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 851288 to E.H.). M.C.U.is funded by a University of Sheffield Strategic Research Fellowship in the Physics of Life and Quantitative Biology. article_number: e2504064122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Mehmet C full_name: Ucar, Mehmet C id: 50B2A802-6007-11E9-A42B-EB23E6697425 last_name: Ucar orcid: 0000-0003-0506-4217 - first_name: Alsberga full_name: Zane, Alsberga id: 60f7509a-f652-11ea-9d86-b963d6490d7c last_name: Zane orcid: 0009-0003-0415-7603 - first_name: Jonna H full_name: Alanko, Jonna H id: 2CC12E8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Alanko orcid: 0000-0002-7698-3061 - first_name: Michael K full_name: Sixt, Michael K id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sixt orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179 - first_name: Edouard B full_name: Hannezo, Edouard B id: 3A9DB764-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hannezo orcid: 0000-0001-6005-1561 citation: ama: Ucar MC, Zane A, Alanko JH, Sixt MK, Hannezo EB. Self-generated chemotaxis of mixed cell populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(34). doi:10.1073/pnas.2504064122 apa: Ucar, M. C., Zane, A., Alanko, J. H., Sixt, M. K., & Hannezo, E. B. (2025). Self-generated chemotaxis of mixed cell populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2504064122 chicago: Ucar, Mehmet C, Alsberga Zane, Jonna H Alanko, Michael K Sixt, and Edouard B Hannezo. “Self-Generated Chemotaxis of Mixed Cell Populations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2504064122. ieee: M. C. Ucar, A. Zane, J. H. Alanko, M. K. Sixt, and E. B. Hannezo, “Self-generated chemotaxis of mixed cell populations,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 34. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Ucar MC, Zane A, Alanko JH, Sixt MK, Hannezo EB. 2025. Self-generated chemotaxis of mixed cell populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(34), e2504064122. mla: Ucar, Mehmet C., et al. “Self-Generated Chemotaxis of Mixed Cell Populations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 34, e2504064122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2504064122. short: M.C. Ucar, A. Zane, J.H. Alanko, M.K. Sixt, E.B. Hannezo, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-09-07T22:01:32Z date_published: 2025-08-26T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-05-20T08:59:54Z day: '26' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: EdHa - _id: MiSi doi: 10.1073/pnas.2504064122 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001562181600001' pmid: - '40838890' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: b36abd92673b6d76376fc9434bad52cc content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-09-08T07:23:29Z date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:23:29Z file_id: '20307' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Ucar.pdf file_size: 16069140 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-09-08T07:23:29Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2504064122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '34' language: - iso: eng month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 05943252-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '851288' name: Design Principles of Branching Morphogenesis publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/mehmetcanucar/Self-generated-chemotaxis scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Self-generated chemotaxis of mixed cell populations tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20635' abstract: - lang: eng text: Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, with root gravitropism playing a pivotal role in nutrient and water acquisition. Our study reveals that SnRK2 kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3) are critical regulators of root gravitropism through their direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter PIN2 at S259. We demonstrate that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation modulates both the polar localization and transport activity of PIN2. Importantly, SnRK2s function antagonistically to the AGCVIII kinase PID, which phosphorylates PIN2 at a distinct site (S258), establishing a regulatory balance essential for adaptive root growth. Structural modeling and phosphorylation assays further suggest that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation at S259 sterically hinders access of PID to S258, providing a mechanistic basis for their antagonistic relationship. These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism, by which plants fine-tune root developmental programs to adapt to environmental stimuli, highlighting the evolutionary significance of multilayered kinase-mediated regulation in plant adaptation. acknowledgement: This research was funded by Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0407201), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M763575), China Agricultural University Fund (2025RC042), Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2024RC031), and Austrian Science Fund (FWF; I 6123-B). article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: F full_name: Sheng, F last_name: Sheng - first_name: Y full_name: Gao, Y last_name: Gao - first_name: Y full_name: Wang, Y last_name: Wang - first_name: Y full_name: Li, Y last_name: Li - first_name: JA full_name: Zhang, JA last_name: Zhang - first_name: Z full_name: Zhang, Z last_name: Zhang - first_name: X full_name: Qin, X last_name: Qin - first_name: S full_name: Zhang, S last_name: Zhang - first_name: W full_name: Song, W last_name: Song - first_name: J full_name: Li, J last_name: Li - first_name: Y full_name: Guo, Y last_name: Guo - first_name: Jiří full_name: Friml, Jiří id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Friml orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596 - first_name: Z full_name: Gong, Z last_name: Gong - first_name: Q full_name: Zhang, Q last_name: Zhang - first_name: J full_name: Zhang, J last_name: Zhang citation: ama: Sheng F, Gao Y, Wang Y, et al. Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases’ action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(39):e2512274122. doi:10.1073/pnas.2512274122 apa: Sheng, F., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., … Zhang, J. (2025). Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases’ action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512274122 chicago: Sheng, F, Y Gao, Y Wang, Y Li, JA Zhang, Z Zhang, X Qin, et al. “Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID Kinases’ Action on Auxin Transport-Mediated Root Gravitropism.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512274122. ieee: F. Sheng et al., “Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases’ action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 39. National Academy of Sciences, p. e2512274122, 2025. ista: Sheng F, Gao Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Qin X, Zhang S, Song W, Li J, Guo Y, Friml J, Gong Z, Zhang Q, Zhang J. 2025. Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases’ action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(39), e2512274122. mla: Sheng, F., et al. “Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID Kinases’ Action on Auxin Transport-Mediated Root Gravitropism.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 39, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, p. e2512274122, doi:10.1073/pnas.2512274122. short: F. Sheng, Y. Gao, Y. Wang, Y. Li, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Qin, S. Zhang, W. Song, J. Li, Y. Guo, J. Friml, Z. Gong, Q. Zhang, J. Zhang, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025) e2512274122. date_created: 2025-11-12T10:03:20Z date_published: 2025-09-23T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-02-16T12:32:51Z day: '23' ddc: - '580' department: - _id: JiFr doi: 10.1073/pnas.2512274122 external_id: isi: - '001589177800001' pmid: - '40986351' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 38b723a909bf321d7ee537c9d064aa25 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-11-24T13:48:09Z date_updated: 2025-11-24T13:48:09Z file_id: '20681' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Sheng.pdf file_size: 2667764 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-11-24T13:48:09Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512274122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '39' language: - iso: eng month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: e2512274122 pmid: 1 project: - _id: bd76d395-d553-11ed-ba76-f678c14f9033 grant_number: I06123 name: Peptide receptors for auxin canalization in Arabidopsis publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases' action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 5651,35 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid PlanS_conform: '1' _id: '20795' abstract: - lang: eng text: The tropical climate variability is characterized by various oscillations across a range of timescales. Oscillations that imprint the tropical mean state are generally attributed to slow processes, such as the seasonal cycle or interannual variability. Here, we identify a pronounced tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillation (TWISO) in satellite observations and reanalyses. This oscillation, with a period of 30 to 60 d, is evident across multiple variables and involves interactions between convection, radiation, surface fluxes, and large-scale circulation. It is primarily manifested as convective perturbations in the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool accompanied by oscillations in the large-scale tropical overturning circulation. Here, we examine the relationship between TWISO, the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the instability of radiative-convective equilibrium. Certain phases of TWISO coincide with specific phases of the MJO, suggesting a potential connection between the two. However, although the MJO can amplify the oscillation amplitude of TWISO, it is not essential for TWISO to occur. Finally, due to its broad manifestation across the tropics, TWISO potentially exerts widespread influence on tropical weather and climate at regional scales. acknowledgement: 'J.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (grant agreement No. 101034413). S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project Mesoscale organization of tropical convection, grant agreement No 101098063). D.T. acknowledges funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (Project JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, grant No. JP24K22893). C.M. gratefully acknowledges funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Project organisation of CLoUdS, and implications for Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and in a waRming climate, grant agreement No. 805041). We thank Martin Singh, Steven Sherwood, Bjorn Stevens, and Lokahith Agasthya for helpful discussions. JSPS Core-to-Core Program, “International Core-to-Core Project on Global Storm Resolving Analysis” (Grant Number: JPJSCCA20220001)' article_number: e2511549122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Jiawei full_name: Bao, Jiawei id: bb9a7399-fefd-11ed-be3c-ae648fd1d160 last_name: Bao - first_name: Sandrine full_name: Bony, Sandrine last_name: Bony - first_name: Daisuke full_name: Takasuka, Daisuke last_name: Takasuka - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: Bao J, Bony S, Takasuka D, Muller CJ. Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(48). doi:10.1073/pnas.2511549122 apa: Bao, J., Bony, S., Takasuka, D., & Muller, C. J. (2025). Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511549122 chicago: Bao, Jiawei, Sandrine Bony, Daisuke Takasuka, and Caroline J Muller. “Tropics-Wide Intraseasonal Oscillations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511549122. ieee: J. Bao, S. Bony, D. Takasuka, and C. J. Muller, “Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 48. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Bao J, Bony S, Takasuka D, Muller CJ. 2025. Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(48), e2511549122. mla: Bao, Jiawei, et al. “Tropics-Wide Intraseasonal Oscillations.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 48, e2511549122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2511549122. short: J. Bao, S. Bony, D. Takasuka, C.J. Muller, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-12-11T10:41:13Z date_published: 2025-12-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-05-20T08:11:56Z day: '02' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: CaMu doi: 10.1073/pnas.2511549122 ec_funded: 1 external_id: pmid: - '41284872' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 093a8685170e4a1de9176f68ee449493 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-12-15T09:17:33Z date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:17:33Z file_id: '20822' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Bao.pdf file_size: 30890293 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-12-15T09:17:33Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511549122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' issue: '48' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: fc2ed2f7-9c52-11eb-aca3-c01059dda49c call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '101034413' name: 'IST-BRIDGE: International postdoctoral program' - _id: 629205d8-2b32-11ec-9570-e1356ff73576 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '805041' name: Organization of CLoUdS, and implications of Tropical cyclones and for the Energetics of the tropics, in current and waRming climate publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/hidden-in-plain-sight/ scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- APC_amount: 2754,32 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19627' abstract: - lang: eng text: Differentially private gradient descent (DP-GD) is a popular algorithm to train deep learning models with provable guarantees on the privacy of the training data. In the last decade, the problem of understanding its performance cost with respect to standard GD has received remarkable attention from the research community, which formally derived upper bounds on the excess population risk RP in different learning settings. However, existing bounds typically degrade with over-parameterization, i.e., as the number of parameters p gets larger than the number of training samples n -- a regime which is ubiquitous in current deep-learning practice. As a result, the lack of theoretical insights leaves practitioners without clear guidance, leading some to reduce the effective number of trainable parameters to improve performance, while others use larger models to achieve better results through scale. In this work, we show that in the popular random features model with quadratic loss, for any sufficiently large p , privacy can be obtained for free, i.e., |RP|=o(1) , not only when the privacy parameter ε has constant order, but also in the strongly private setting ε=o(1) . This challenges the common wisdom that over-parameterization inherently hinders performance in private learning. acknowledgement: This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant number COE 12. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The authors were also supported by the 2019 Lopez-Loreta prize, and Simone Bombari was supported by a Google PhD fellowship. We thank Diyuan Wu, Edwige Cyffers, Francesco Pedrotti, Inbar Seroussi, Nikita P. Kalinin, Pietro Pelliconi, Roodabeh Safavi, Yizhe Zhu, and Zhichao Wang for helpful discussions. article_number: e2423072122 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original arxiv: 1 author: - first_name: Simone full_name: Bombari, Simone id: ca726dda-de17-11ea-bc14-f9da834f63aa last_name: Bombari - first_name: Marco full_name: Mondelli, Marco id: 27EB676C-8706-11E9-9510-7717E6697425 last_name: Mondelli orcid: 0000-0002-3242-7020 citation: ama: Bombari S, Mondelli M. Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(15). doi:10.1073/pnas.2423072122 apa: Bombari, S., & Mondelli, M. (2025). Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122 chicago: Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Privacy for Free in the Overparameterized Regime.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122. ieee: S. Bombari and M. Mondelli, “Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 15. National Academy of Sciences, 2025. ista: Bombari S, Mondelli M. 2025. Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(15), e2423072122. mla: Bombari, Simone, and Marco Mondelli. “Privacy for Free in the Overparameterized Regime.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 15, e2423072122, National Academy of Sciences, 2025, doi:10.1073/pnas.2423072122. short: S. Bombari, M. Mondelli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122 (2025). corr_author: '1' date_created: 2025-04-27T22:02:13Z date_published: 2025-04-15T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-09-21T13:07:01Z day: '15' ddc: - '000' department: - _id: MaMo doi: 10.1073/pnas.2423072122 external_id: arxiv: - '2410.14787' isi: - '001471214000001' pmid: - '40215275' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 1ac6f78e368d35a0cafb4d2d9bd63443 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-05-05T07:27:54Z date_updated: 2025-05-05T07:27:54Z file_id: '19648' file_name: 2025_PNAS_Bombari.pdf file_size: 2328320 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-05-05T07:27:54Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2423072122 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 122' isi: 1 issue: '15' language: - iso: eng month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 059876FA-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E name: Prix Lopez-Loretta 2019 - Marco Mondelli - _id: 92099302-16d5-11f0-9cad-f9a785f54fbd name: 'Trustworthy Deep Learning Theory: Private Over-Parameterized Models and Robust LLMs' - _id: 74caaef7-b034-11f1-8f2d-e0e993bb422e grant_number: COE12 name: Bilateral Artificial Intelligence (Mondelli) publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '22857' relation: dissertation_contains status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Privacy for free in the overparameterized regime tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 122 year: '2025' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '19809' abstract: - lang: eng text: In many physical situations in which many-body assemblies exist at temperature T, a characteristic quantum-mechanical time scale of approximately h/kbT can be identified in both theory and experiment, leading to speculation that it may be the shortest meaningful time in such circumstances. This behavior can be investigated by probing the scattering rate of electrons in a broad class of materials often referred to as “strongly correlated metals”. It is clear that in some cases only electron–electron scattering can be its cause, while in others it arises from high-temperature scattering of electrons from quantized lattice vibrations, i.e., phonons. In metallic oxides, which are among the most studied materials, analysis of electrical transport does not satisfactorily identify the relevant scattering mechanism at “high” temperatures near room temperature. We therefore employ a contactless optical method to measure thermal diffusivity in two Ru-based layered perovskites, Sr3Ru2O7 and Sr2RuO4, and use the measurements to extract the dimensionless Lorenz ratio. By comparing our results to the literature data on both conventional and unconventional metals, we show how the analysis of high-temperature thermal transport can both give important insight into dominant scattering mechanisms and be offered as a stringent test of theories attempting to explain anomalous scattering. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Fei full_name: Sun, Fei last_name: Sun - first_name: Simli full_name: Mishra, Simli last_name: Mishra - first_name: Ulrike full_name: Stockert, Ulrike last_name: Stockert - first_name: Ramzy full_name: Daou, Ramzy last_name: Daou - first_name: Naoki full_name: Kikugawa, Naoki last_name: Kikugawa - first_name: Robin S. full_name: Perry, Robin S. last_name: Perry - first_name: Elena full_name: Hassinger, Elena last_name: Hassinger - first_name: Sean A. full_name: Hartnoll, Sean A. last_name: Hartnoll - first_name: Andrew P. full_name: Mackenzie, Andrew P. last_name: Mackenzie - first_name: Veronika full_name: Sunko, Veronika id: 23cb1cf6-2c7a-11ef-91a4-f72fc19f20b3 last_name: Sunko orcid: 0000-0003-2724-3523 citation: ama: Sun F, Mishra S, Stockert U, et al. The Lorenz ratio as a guide to scattering contributions to transport in strongly correlated metals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2024;121(35). doi:10.1073/pnas.2318159121 apa: Sun, F., Mishra, S., Stockert, U., Daou, R., Kikugawa, N., Perry, R. S., … Sunko, V. (2024). The Lorenz ratio as a guide to scattering contributions to transport in strongly correlated metals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318159121 chicago: Sun, Fei, Simli Mishra, Ulrike Stockert, Ramzy Daou, Naoki Kikugawa, Robin S. Perry, Elena Hassinger, Sean A. Hartnoll, Andrew P. Mackenzie, and Veronika Sunko. “The Lorenz Ratio as a Guide to Scattering Contributions to Transport in Strongly Correlated Metals.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318159121. ieee: F. Sun et al., “The Lorenz ratio as a guide to scattering contributions to transport in strongly correlated metals,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121, no. 35. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. ista: Sun F, Mishra S, Stockert U, Daou R, Kikugawa N, Perry RS, Hassinger E, Hartnoll SA, Mackenzie AP, Sunko V. 2024. The Lorenz ratio as a guide to scattering contributions to transport in strongly correlated metals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121(35). mla: Sun, Fei, et al. “The Lorenz Ratio as a Guide to Scattering Contributions to Transport in Strongly Correlated Metals.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121, no. 35, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2318159121. short: F. Sun, S. Mishra, U. Stockert, R. Daou, N. Kikugawa, R.S. Perry, E. Hassinger, S.A. Hartnoll, A.P. Mackenzie, V. Sunko, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (2024). date_created: 2025-06-10T09:12:41Z date_published: 2024-08-27T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2025-06-10T11:50:48Z day: '27' doi: 10.1073/pnas.2318159121 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '39172781' fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318159121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' issue: '35' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318159121 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The Lorenz ratio as a guide to scattering contributions to transport in strongly correlated metals tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 121 year: '2024' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '22485' abstract: - lang: eng text: Allometric scaling relations are widely used to link biological processes to body size in nature. Several studies have shown that such scaling laws hold also for natural ecosystems, including individual trees and forests, riverine metabolism, and river network organization. However, the derivation of scaling laws for catchment-scale water and carbon fluxes has not been achieved so far. Here, we focus on scaling relations of catchment green metabolism, defined as the set of ecohydrological and biogeochemical processes through which vegetation assemblages in catchments maintain their structure and react to the surrounding environment. By revising existing plant size–density relationships and integrating them across large-scale domains, we show that the ecohydrological fluxes occurring at the catchment scale are invariant with respect to the above-ground vegetation biomass per unit area of the basin, while they scale linearly with catchment size. We thus demonstrate that the sublinear scaling of plant metabolism results in an isometric scaling at catchment and regional scales. Deviations from such predictions are further shown to collapse onto a common distribution, thus incorporating natural fluctuations due to resource limitations into a generalized scaling theory. Results from scaling arguments are supported by hyperresolution ecohydrological simulations and remote sensing observations. article_number: e2410736121 article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Francesca full_name: Bassani, Francesca last_name: Bassani - first_name: Simone full_name: Fatichi, Simone id: cf8e546b-a9b0-11f0-a43b-aa89ed1b56d6 last_name: Fatichi - first_name: Andrea full_name: Rinaldo, Andrea last_name: Rinaldo - first_name: Sara full_name: Bonetti, Sara last_name: Bonetti citation: ama: 'Bassani F, Fatichi S, Rinaldo A, Bonetti S. Toward a metabolic theory of catchments: Scaling of water and carbon fluxes with size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2024;121(42). doi:10.1073/pnas.2410736121' apa: 'Bassani, F., Fatichi, S., Rinaldo, A., & Bonetti, S. (2024). Toward a metabolic theory of catchments: Scaling of water and carbon fluxes with size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410736121' chicago: 'Bassani, Francesca, Simone Fatichi, Andrea Rinaldo, and Sara Bonetti. “Toward a Metabolic Theory of Catchments: Scaling of Water and Carbon Fluxes with Size.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410736121.' ieee: 'F. Bassani, S. Fatichi, A. Rinaldo, and S. Bonetti, “Toward a metabolic theory of catchments: Scaling of water and carbon fluxes with size,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121, no. 42. National Academy of Sciences, 2024.' ista: 'Bassani F, Fatichi S, Rinaldo A, Bonetti S. 2024. Toward a metabolic theory of catchments: Scaling of water and carbon fluxes with size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121(42), e2410736121.' mla: 'Bassani, Francesca, et al. “Toward a Metabolic Theory of Catchments: Scaling of Water and Carbon Fluxes with Size.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 121, no. 42, e2410736121, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2410736121.' short: F. Bassani, S. Fatichi, A. Rinaldo, S. Bonetti, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (2024). das_tickbox: '1' date_created: 2026-07-27T12:30:23Z date_published: 2024-10-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-07-30T11:27:23Z day: '09' ddc: - '550' doi: 10.1073/pnas.2410736121 extern: '1' fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410736121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' issue: '42' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410736121 month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Toward a metabolic theory of catchments: Scaling of water and carbon fluxes with size' tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 121 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '15116' abstract: - lang: eng text: Water is known to play an important role in collagen self-assembly, but it is still largely unclear how water–collagen interactions influence the assembly process and determine the fibril network properties. Here, we use the H2O/D2O isotope effect on the hydrogen-bond strength in water to investigate the role of hydration in collagen self-assembly. We dissolve collagen in H2O and D2O and compare the growth kinetics and the structure of the collagen assemblies formed in these water isotopomers. Surprisingly, collagen assembly occurs ten times faster in D2O than in H2O, and collagen in D2O self-assembles into much thinner fibrils, that form a more inhomogeneous and softer network, with a fourfold reduction in elastic modulus when compared to H2O. Combining spectroscopic measurements with atomistic simulations, we show that collagen in D2O is less hydrated than in H2O. This partial dehydration lowers the enthalpic penalty for water removal and reorganization at the collagen–water interface, increasing the self-assembly rate and the number of nucleation centers, leading to thinner fibrils and a softer network. Coarse-grained simulations show that the acceleration in the initial nucleation rate can be reproduced by the enhancement of electrostatic interactions. These results show that water acts as a mediator between collagen monomers, by modulating their interactions so as to optimize the assembly process and, thus, the final network properties. We believe that isotopically modulating the hydration of proteins can be a valuable method to investigate the role of water in protein structural dynamics and protein self-assembly. acknowledgement: We thank Dr. Steven Roeters (Aarhus University), Dr. Federica Burla, and Prof. Dr. Mischa Bonn (Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany) for the useful discussions. We thank Dr. Wim Roeterdink and Michiel Hilberts for technical support. G.H.K. acknowledges financial support by the “BaSyC Building a Synthetic Cell” Gravitation grant (024.003.019) of The Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) and The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and from NWO grant OCENW.GROOT.2019.022. This work has received support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, under Grant No. 2022K1A3A1A04062969. This publication is part of the project (with Project Number VI.Veni.212.240) of the research programme NWO Talent Programme Veni 2021, which is financed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). I.M.I. acknowledges support from the Sectorplan Bèta & Techniek of the Dutch Government and the Dementia Research - Synapsis Foundation Switzerland. A.Š. and K.K. acknowledge support from Royal Society and European Research Council Starting Grant. G. Giubertoni kindly thanks to the Care4Bones community and the Collagen Café community for reminding that we do not own the knowledge we create, but it is, rather, a collective resource intended for the advancement of human progress. article_number: e2313162121 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Giulia full_name: Giubertoni, Giulia last_name: Giubertoni - first_name: Liru full_name: Feng, Liru last_name: Feng - first_name: Kevin full_name: Klein, Kevin last_name: Klein - first_name: Guido full_name: Giannetti, Guido last_name: Giannetti - first_name: Luco full_name: Rutten, Luco last_name: Rutten - first_name: Yeji full_name: Choi, Yeji last_name: Choi - first_name: Anouk full_name: Van Der Net, Anouk last_name: Van Der Net - first_name: Gerard full_name: Castro-Linares, Gerard last_name: Castro-Linares - first_name: Federico full_name: Caporaletti, Federico last_name: Caporaletti - first_name: Dimitra full_name: Micha, Dimitra last_name: Micha - first_name: Johannes full_name: Hunger, Johannes last_name: Hunger - first_name: Antoine full_name: Deblais, Antoine last_name: Deblais - first_name: Daniel full_name: Bonn, Daniel last_name: Bonn - first_name: Nico full_name: Sommerdijk, Nico last_name: Sommerdijk - first_name: Anđela full_name: Šarić, Anđela id: bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b last_name: Šarić orcid: 0000-0002-7854-2139 - first_name: Ioana M. full_name: Ilie, Ioana M. last_name: Ilie - first_name: Gijsje H. full_name: Koenderink, Gijsje H. last_name: Koenderink - first_name: Sander full_name: Woutersen, Sander last_name: Woutersen citation: ama: Giubertoni G, Feng L, Klein K, et al. Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2024;121(11). doi:10.1073/pnas.2313162121 apa: Giubertoni, G., Feng, L., Klein, K., Giannetti, G., Rutten, L., Choi, Y., … Woutersen, S. (2024). Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313162121 chicago: Giubertoni, Giulia, Liru Feng, Kevin Klein, Guido Giannetti, Luco Rutten, Yeji Choi, Anouk Van Der Net, et al. “Elucidating the Role of Water in Collagen Self-Assembly by Isotopically Modulating Collagen Hydration.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313162121. ieee: G. Giubertoni et al., “Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 11. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. ista: Giubertoni G, Feng L, Klein K, Giannetti G, Rutten L, Choi Y, Van Der Net A, Castro-Linares G, Caporaletti F, Micha D, Hunger J, Deblais A, Bonn D, Sommerdijk N, Šarić A, Ilie IM, Koenderink GH, Woutersen S. 2024. Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(11), e2313162121. mla: Giubertoni, Giulia, et al. “Elucidating the Role of Water in Collagen Self-Assembly by Isotopically Modulating Collagen Hydration.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 11, e2313162121, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2313162121. short: G. Giubertoni, L. Feng, K. Klein, G. Giannetti, L. Rutten, Y. Choi, A. Van Der Net, G. Castro-Linares, F. Caporaletti, D. Micha, J. Hunger, A. Deblais, D. Bonn, N. Sommerdijk, A. Šarić, I.M. Ilie, G.H. Koenderink, S. Woutersen, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 (2024). das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: Turbidity data; IR and 2D-IR data; TEM images; cryo-TEM images; CRM images; coarse grained simulations; molecular dynamics simulation data have been deposited in UvAauas.figshare 10.21942/uva.24829896 date_created: 2024-03-17T23:00:57Z date_published: 2024-03-12T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-09-24T10:42:11Z day: '12' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: AnSa doi: 10.1073/pnas.2313162121 external_id: isi: - '001206387400001' pmid: - '38451946' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: a3f7fdc29dd9f0a38952ab4e322b3a05 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-03-19T10:22:42Z date_updated: 2024-03-19T10:22:42Z file_id: '15125' file_name: 2024_PNAS_Giubertoni.pdf file_size: 12952586 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-03-19T10:22:42Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313162121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' isi: 1 issue: '11' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '15126' relation: research_data status: public researchdata_availability: yes scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: no title: Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 121 year: '2024' ... --- OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '18526' abstract: - lang: eng text: Multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) sequester membrane proteins destined for degradation within intralumenal vesicles (ILVs), a process mediated by the membrane-remodeling action of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins. In Arabidopsis, endosomal membrane constriction and scission are uncoupled, resulting in the formation of extensive concatenated ILV networks and enhancing cargo sequestration efficiency. Here, we used a combination of electron tomography, computer simulations, and mathematical modeling to address the questions of when concatenated ILV networks evolved in plants and what drives their formation. Through morphometric analyses of tomographic reconstructions of endosomes across yeast, algae, and various land plants, we have found that ILV concatenation is widespread within plant species, but only prevalent in seed plants, especially in flowering plants. Multiple budding sites that require the formation of pores in the limiting membrane were only identified in hornworts and seed plants, suggesting that this mechanism has evolved independently in both plant lineages. To identify the conditions under which these multiple budding sites can arise, we used particle-based molecular dynamics simulations and found that changes in ESCRT filament properties, such as filament curvature and membrane binding energy, can generate the membrane shapes observed in multiple budding sites. To understand the relationship between membrane budding activity and ILV network topology, we performed computational simulations and identified a set of membrane remodeling parameters that can recapitulate our tomographic datasets. acknowledgement: We would like to thank Janice Pennington for her support with electron tomography data collection, Dr. Ingrid Jordon-Thaden, director of the Botany Garden and Greenhouse of University of Wisconsin Madison, for her invaluable assistance collecting plant materials, Dr. Marie Trest for providing Chara specimens, and Dr. Nicholas Keuler for his advice on statistical analyses. We thank Charlie Hamilton for exploring the initial computational model. This work was supported by grant NSF MCB 2114603 and NIH 1S10OD026769-01 to M.S.O. F.F acknowledges support as a NOMIS Fellow from the NOMIS Foundation. A.Š. acknowledges ERC Starting Grant “NEPA” 802960. article_number: e2409407121 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Ethan full_name: Weiner, Ethan last_name: Weiner - first_name: Elizabeth full_name: Berryman, Elizabeth last_name: Berryman - first_name: Felix F full_name: Frey, Felix F id: a0270b37-8f1a-11ec-95c7-8e710c59a4f3 last_name: Frey orcid: 0000-0001-8501-6017 - first_name: Ariadna González full_name: Solís, Ariadna González last_name: Solís - first_name: André full_name: Leier, André last_name: Leier - first_name: Tatiana Marquez full_name: Lago, Tatiana Marquez last_name: Lago - first_name: Anđela full_name: Šarić, Anđela id: bf63d406-f056-11eb-b41d-f263a6566d8b last_name: Šarić orcid: 0000-0002-7854-2139 - first_name: Marisa S. full_name: Otegui, Marisa S. last_name: Otegui citation: ama: Weiner E, Berryman E, Frey FF, et al. Endosomal membrane budding patterns in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2024;121(44). doi:10.1073/pnas.2409407121 apa: Weiner, E., Berryman, E., Frey, F. F., Solís, A. G., Leier, A., Lago, T. M., … Otegui, M. S. (2024). Endosomal membrane budding patterns in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409407121 chicago: Weiner, Ethan, Elizabeth Berryman, Felix F Frey, Ariadna González Solís, André Leier, Tatiana Marquez Lago, Anđela Šarić, and Marisa S. Otegui. “Endosomal Membrane Budding Patterns in Plants.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409407121. ieee: E. Weiner et al., “Endosomal membrane budding patterns in plants,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 44. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. ista: Weiner E, Berryman E, Frey FF, Solís AG, Leier A, Lago TM, Šarić A, Otegui MS. 2024. Endosomal membrane budding patterns in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(44), e2409407121. mla: Weiner, Ethan, et al. “Endosomal Membrane Budding Patterns in Plants.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 44, e2409407121, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2409407121. short: E. Weiner, E. Berryman, F.F. Frey, A.G. Solís, A. Leier, T.M. Lago, A. Šarić, M.S. Otegui, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 (2024). das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: Electron tomogram files are deposited in EMPIAR under EMPIAR-12299 (54). All other data are included in the manuscript and/or supporting information date_created: 2024-11-10T23:01:59Z date_published: 2024-10-29T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-09-24T10:41:24Z day: '29' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: AnSa doi: 10.1073/pnas.2409407121 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001349500800007' pmid: - '39441629' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 21c82d2ab58ff99b2bd0489797be42e5 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-11-11T09:35:15Z date_updated: 2024-11-11T09:35:15Z file_id: '18538' file_name: 2024_PNAS_Weiner.pdf file_size: 5268074 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-11-11T09:35:15Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409407121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' isi: 1 issue: '44' language: - iso: eng month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: eba2549b-77a9-11ec-83b8-a81e493eae4e call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '802960' name: 'Non-Equilibrium Protein Assembly: from Building Blocks to Biological Machines' publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' researchdata_availability: yes scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: Endosomal membrane budding patterns in plants tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 121 year: '2024' ... --- APC_amount: 2570,79 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '17123' abstract: - lang: eng text: A key feature of many developmental systems is their ability to self-organize spatial patterns of functionally distinct cell fates. To ensure proper biological function, such patterns must be established reproducibly, by controlling and even harnessing intrinsic and extrinsic fluctuations. While the relevant molecular processes are increasingly well understood, we lack a principled framework to quantify the performance of such stochastic self-organizing systems. To that end, we introduce an information-theoretic measure for self-organized fate specification during embryonic development. We show that the proposed measure assesses the total information content of fate patterns and decomposes it into interpretable contributions corresponding to the positional and correlational information. By optimizing the proposed measure, our framework provides a normative theory for developmental circuits, which we demonstrate on lateral inhibition, cell type proportioning, and reaction–diffusion models of self-organization. This paves a way toward a classification of developmental systems based on a common information-theoretic language, thereby organizing the zoo of implicated chemical and mechanical signaling processes. acknowledgement: We thank Wiktor Młynarski, Juraj Majek, Michal Hledík, Fridtjof Brauns, Nikolas Claussen, Benjamin Zoller, Erwin Frey, Thomas Gregor, and Edouard Hannezo for inspiring discussions. D.B.B. was supported by the NOMIS foundation as a NOMIS Fellow and by an European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Postdoctoral Fellowship (ALTF 343-2022). This research was performed in part at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1607611, and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) Santa Barbara, supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1748958 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. 2919.02. article_number: e2322326121 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: David full_name: Brückner, David id: e1e86031-6537-11eb-953a-f7ab92be508d last_name: Brückner orcid: 0000-0001-7205-2975 - first_name: Gašper full_name: Tkačik, Gašper id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Tkačik orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455 citation: ama: Brückner D, Tkačik G. Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2024;121(23). doi:10.1073/pnas.2322326121 apa: Brückner, D., & Tkačik, G. (2024). Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322326121 chicago: Brückner, David, and Gašper Tkačik. “Information Content and Optimization of Self-Organized Developmental Systems.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322326121. ieee: D. Brückner and G. Tkačik, “Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 23. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. ista: Brückner D, Tkačik G. 2024. Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(23), e2322326121. mla: Brückner, David, and Gašper Tkačik. “Information Content and Optimization of Self-Organized Developmental Systems.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 23, e2322326121, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2322326121. short: D. Brückner, G. Tkačik, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 (2024). corr_author: '1' das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: There were no data generated as part of this study. Code to perform simulations, evaluate entropy and information quantities, and optimize parameters is available at https://github.com/dbrueckner/SelforgInformation (90). date_created: 2024-06-09T22:01:02Z date_published: 2024-06-04T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-10-01T11:03:59Z day: '04' ddc: - '570' department: - _id: EdHa - _id: GaTk doi: 10.1073/pnas.2322326121 external_id: isi: - '001244835000006' pmid: - '38819997' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 59797a75db7beb3721ed7a4d14c241f9 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-06-10T10:27:37Z date_updated: 2024-06-10T10:27:37Z file_id: '17130' file_name: 2024_PNAS_Brueckner.pdf file_size: 12329234 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-06-10T10:27:37Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2322326121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' isi: 1 issue: '23' language: - iso: eng month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 34e2a5b5-11ca-11ed-8bc3-b2265616ef0b grant_number: ALTF 343-2022 name: A mechano-chemical theory for stem cell fate decisions in organoid development publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: software url: https://github.com/dbrueckner/SelforgInformation - description: News on the ISTA website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/the-embryo-assembles-itself/ researchdata_availability: not applicable scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 121 year: '2024' ... --- APC_amount: 3041,76 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '15083' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for cooperation in social dilemmas. The very logic of reciprocity, however, seems to require that individuals are symmetric, and that everyone has the same means to influence each others’ payoffs. Yet in many applications, individuals are asymmetric. Herein, we study the effect of asymmetry in linear public good games. Individuals may differ in their endowments (their ability to contribute to a public good) and in their productivities (how effective their contributions are). Given the individuals’ productivities, we ask which allocation of endowments is optimal for cooperation. To this end, we consider two notions of optimality. The first notion focuses on the resilience of cooperation. The respective endowment distribution ensures that full cooperation is feasible even under the most adverse conditions. The second notion focuses on efficiency. The corresponding endowment distribution maximizes group welfare. Using analytical methods, we fully characterize these two endowment distributions. This analysis reveals that both optimality notions favor some endowment inequality: More productive players ought to get higher endowments. Yet the two notions disagree on how unequal endowments are supposed to be. A focus on resilience results in less inequality. With additional simulations, we show that the optimal endowment allocation needs to account for both the resilience and the efficiency of cooperation.' acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) (to K.C.) and the European Research Council Starting Grant 850529: E-DIRECT (to C.H.), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement #754411 and the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (under the Investissement d’Avenir Programme, ANR-17-EURE-0010) (to M.K.).' article_number: e2315558121 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Valentin full_name: Hübner, Valentin id: 2c8aa207-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-f22972ecd910 last_name: Hübner orcid: 0009-0001-5009-4987 - first_name: Manuel full_name: Staab, Manuel last_name: Staab - first_name: Christian full_name: Hilbe, Christian id: 2FDF8F3C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Hilbe orcid: 0000-0001-5116-955X - first_name: Krishnendu full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chatterjee orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X - first_name: Maria full_name: Kleshnina, Maria last_name: Kleshnina citation: ama: Hübner V, Staab M, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Kleshnina M. Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2024;121(10). doi:10.1073/pnas.2315558121 apa: Hübner, V., Staab, M., Hilbe, C., Chatterjee, K., & Kleshnina, M. (2024). Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315558121 chicago: Hübner, Valentin, Manuel Staab, Christian Hilbe, Krishnendu Chatterjee, and Maria Kleshnina. “Efficiency and Resilience of Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315558121. ieee: V. Hübner, M. Staab, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, and M. Kleshnina, “Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 10. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. ista: Hübner V, Staab M, Hilbe C, Chatterjee K, Kleshnina M. 2024. Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(10), e2315558121. mla: Hübner, Valentin, et al. “Efficiency and Resilience of Cooperation in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 10, e2315558121, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2315558121. short: V. Hübner, M. Staab, C. Hilbe, K. Chatterjee, M. Kleshnina, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 (2024). corr_author: '1' das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: Figures are based on simulation averages over many independent runs of the respective simulation. Results were analyzed and visualized with Python and Matlab R2023a. The computer code is published in (65). All other data are included in the manuscript and/or SI Appendix. date_created: 2024-03-05T09:18:49Z date_published: 2024-03-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-10-15T10:10:26Z day: '05' ddc: - '000' department: - _id: KrCh doi: 10.1073/pnas.2315558121 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001207786500004' pmid: - '38408249' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 068520e3efd4d008bb9177e8aedb7d22 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-03-12T13:12:22Z date_updated: 2024-03-12T13:12:22Z file_id: '15109' file_name: 2024_PNAS_Huebner.pdf file_size: 2203220 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-03-12T13:12:22Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315558121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' isi: 1 issue: '10' language: - iso: eng month: '03' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '863818' name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications' - _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425 call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '754411' name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - description: News on ISTA Website relation: press_release url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/what-math-tells-us-about-social-dilemmas/ record: - id: '15108' relation: research_data status: public - id: '19903' relation: dissertation_contains status: public researchdata_availability: yes scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: Efficiency and resilience of cooperation in asymmetric social dilemmas tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 121 year: '2024' ... --- APC_amount: 3143,76 EUR OA_place: publisher OA_type: hybrid _id: '18703' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Spatial games provide a simple and elegant mathematical model to study the evolution of cooperation in networks. In spatial games, individuals reside in vertices, adopt simple strategies, and interact with neighbors to receive a payoff. Depending on their own and neighbors’ payoffs, individuals can change their strategy. The payoff is determined by the Prisoners’ Dilemma, a classical matrix game, where players cooperate or defect. While cooperation is the desired behavior, defection provides a higher payoff for a selfish individual. There are many theoretical and empirical studies related to the role of the network in the evolution of cooperation. However, the fundamental question of whether there exist networks that for low initial cooperation rate ensure a high chance of fixation, i.e., cooperation spreads across the whole population, has remained elusive for spatial games with strong selection. In this work, we answer this fundamental question in the affirmative by presenting network structures that ensure high fixation probability for cooperators in the strong selection regime. Besides, our structures have many desirable properties: (a) they ensure the spread of cooperation even for a low initial density of cooperation and high temptation of defection, (b) they have constant degrees, and (c) the number of steps, until cooperation spreads, is at most quadratic in the size of the network.' acknowledgement: J.S. and K.C. were supported by the European Research Council CoG 863818 (ForM-SMArt) and Austrian Science Fund 10.55776/COE12. article_number: e2405605121 article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Jakub full_name: Svoboda, Jakub id: 130759D2-D7DD-11E9-87D2-DE0DE6697425 last_name: Svoboda orcid: 0000-0002-1419-3267 - first_name: Krishnendu full_name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu id: 2E5DCA20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Chatterjee orcid: 0000-0002-4561-241X citation: ama: Svoboda J, Chatterjee K. Density amplifiers of cooperation for spatial games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2024;121(50). doi:10.1073/pnas.2405605121 apa: Svoboda, J., & Chatterjee, K. (2024). Density amplifiers of cooperation for spatial games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2405605121 chicago: Svoboda, Jakub, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Density Amplifiers of Cooperation for Spatial Games.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2405605121. ieee: J. Svoboda and K. Chatterjee, “Density amplifiers of cooperation for spatial games,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 50. National Academy of Sciences, 2024. ista: Svoboda J, Chatterjee K. 2024. Density amplifiers of cooperation for spatial games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(50), e2405605121. mla: Svoboda, Jakub, and Krishnendu Chatterjee. “Density Amplifiers of Cooperation for Spatial Games.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 121, no. 50, e2405605121, National Academy of Sciences, 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2405605121. short: J. Svoboda, K. Chatterjee, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 (2024). corr_author: '1' das_tickbox: '1' dataavailabilitystatement: 'Code data have been deposited in Code: Amplifiers of Cooperation (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10832535)' date_created: 2024-12-22T23:01:47Z date_published: 2024-12-10T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2026-10-16T08:00:05Z day: '10' ddc: - '000' department: - _id: KrCh doi: 10.1073/pnas.2405605121 ec_funded: 1 external_id: isi: - '001379596100014' pmid: - '39642209' file: - access_level: open_access checksum: 0115e9090b478e0644308c6dab58605b content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2025-01-02T12:14:15Z date_updated: 2025-01-02T12:14:15Z file_id: '18721' file_name: 2024_PNAS_Svoboda.pdf file_size: 2491151 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2025-01-02T12:14:15Z fulldoi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2405605121 has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 121' isi: 1 issue: '50' language: - iso: eng month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version pmid: 1 project: - _id: 0599E47C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E call_identifier: H2020 grant_number: '863818' name: 'Formal Methods for Stochastic Models: Algorithms and Applications' publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America publication_identifier: eissn: - 1091-6490 issn: - 0027-8424 publication_status: published publisher: National Academy of Sciences quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '20138' relation: dissertation_contains status: public researchdata_availability: yes scopus_import: '1' status: public supplementarymaterial: yes title: Density amplifiers of cooperation for spatial games tmp: image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345 volume: 121 year: '2024' ...