[{"intvolume":"       527","volume":527,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2305.07044"],"isi":["001133672400004"]},"_id":"14852","issue":"4","isi":1,"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048","first_name":"Ivan","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","last_name":"Kramarenko"},{"first_name":"J","full_name":"Kerutt, J","last_name":"Kerutt"},{"first_name":"A","last_name":"Verhamme","full_name":"Verhamme, A"},{"last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, P A","first_name":"P A"},{"first_name":"L","last_name":"Barrufet","full_name":"Barrufet, L"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"full_name":"Kusakabe, H","last_name":"Kusakabe","first_name":"H"},{"last_name":"Goovaerts","full_name":"Goovaerts, I","first_name":"I"},{"full_name":"Thai, T T","last_name":"Thai","first_name":"T T"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","ddc":["520"],"year":"2024","date_published":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","page":"9853-9871","abstract":[{"text":"The physical conditions giving rise to high escape fractions of ionizing radiation (LyC fesc) in star-forming galaxies – most likely protagonists of cosmic reionization – are not yet fully understood. Using the VLT/MUSE observations of ∼1400 Ly α emitters at 2.9 &amp;lt; z &amp;lt; 6.7, we compare stacked rest-frame UV spectra of candidates for LyC leakers and non-leakers selected based on their Ly α profiles. We find that the stacks of potential LyC leakers, i.e. galaxies with narrow, symmetric Ly α profiles with small peak separation, generally show (i) strong nebular O iii]λ1666, [Si iii]λ1883, and [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 emission, indicating a high-ionization state of the interstellar medium (ISM); (ii) high equivalent widths of He iiλ1640 (∼1 − 3 Å), suggesting the presence of hard ionizing radiation fields; (iii) Si ii*λ1533 emission, revealing substantial amounts of neutral hydrogen off the line of sight; (iv) high C ivλλ1548,1550 to [C iii]λ1907 +C iii]λ1909 ratios (C iv/C iii] ≳0.75) , signalling the presence of low column density channels in the ISM. In contrast, the stacks with broad, asymmetric Ly α profiles with large peak separation show weak nebular emission lines, low He iiλ1640 equivalent widths (≲1 Å), and low C iv/C iii] (≲0.25), implying low-ionization states and high-neutral hydrogen column densities. Our results suggest that C iv/C iii] might be sensitive to the physical conditions that govern LyC photon escape, providing a promising tool for identification of ionizing sources among star-forming galaxies in the epoch of reionization.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-01-22T08:22:17Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"file_date_updated":"2024-01-23T12:30:45Z","type":"journal_article","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-04T11:51:50Z","article_type":"original","title":"Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"citation":{"ieee":"I. Kramarenko <i>et al.</i>, “Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 9853–9871, 2024.","apa":"Kramarenko, I., Kerutt, J., Verhamme, A., Oesch, P. A., Barrufet, L., Matthee, J. J., … Thai, T. T. (2024). Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>","ama":"Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, et al. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;527(4):9853-9871. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>","short":"I. Kramarenko, J. Kerutt, A. Verhamme, P.A. Oesch, L. Barrufet, J.J. Matthee, H. Kusakabe, I. Goovaerts, T.T. Thai, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (2024) 9853–9871.","mla":"Kramarenko, Ivan, et al. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 9853–71, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>.","chicago":"Kramarenko, Ivan, J Kerutt, A Verhamme, P A Oesch, L Barrufet, Jorryt J Matthee, H Kusakabe, I Goovaerts, and T T Thai. “Linking UV Spectral Properties of MUSE Ly α Emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman Continuum Escape.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3853</a>.","ista":"Kramarenko I, Kerutt J, Verhamme A, Oesch PA, Barrufet L, Matthee JJ, Kusakabe H, Goovaerts I, Thai TT. 2024. Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly α emitters at <i>z</i> ≳ 3 to Lyman continuum escape. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527(4), 9853–9871."},"file":[{"success":1,"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"9d02df4035c4951cf63dee0db1e462e9","date_created":"2024-01-23T12:30:45Z","file_id":"14879","file_name":"2024_MNAstronomSoc_Kramarenko.pdf","date_updated":"2024-01-23T12:30:45Z","file_size":4521738,"creator":"dernst"}],"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for the constructive feedback that helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Michael Maseda, Daniel Schaerer, Charlotte Simmonds, and Rashmi Gottumukkala for useful comments and productive discussions. We also thank the organizers and participants of the 24th MUSE Science Busy Week in Leiden. IGK acknowledges an Excellence Master Fellowship granted by the Faculty of Science of the University of Geneva. This work has received funding from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072, as well as from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant number 200020_207349 and SNSF Professorship grant number 190079. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant number 140. This paper is based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 094.A-0289(B), 095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), 096.A-0045(B), 094.A-0205, 095.A-0240, 096.A-0090, 097.A-0160, and 098.A-0017. We made extensive use of several open-source software packages and we are thankful to the respective authors for sharing their work: NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2022), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), IPYTHON (Perez & Granger 2007), and TOPCAT (Taylor 2005).","corr_author":"1","month":"02","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publication_status":"published","day":"01","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3853","arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"article_processing_charge":"No","page":"676-692","date_published":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","year":"2024","publisher":"Oxford University Press","author":[{"first_name":"Ilkham","full_name":"Galiullin, Ilkham","last_name":"Galiullin"},{"first_name":"Antonio C","full_name":"Rodriguez, Antonio C","last_name":"Rodriguez"},{"first_name":"Shrinivas R","last_name":"Kulkarni","full_name":"Kulkarni, Shrinivas R"},{"first_name":"Rashid","last_name":"Sunyaev","full_name":"Sunyaev, Rashid"},{"full_name":"Gilfanov, Marat","last_name":"Gilfanov","first_name":"Marat"},{"last_name":"Bikmaev","full_name":"Bikmaev, Ilfan","first_name":"Ilfan"},{"last_name":"Yungelson","full_name":"Yungelson, Lev","first_name":"Lev"},{"full_name":"van Roestel, Jan","last_name":"van Roestel","first_name":"Jan"},{"first_name":"Boris T","last_name":"Gänsicke","full_name":"Gänsicke, Boris T"},{"first_name":"Irek","last_name":"Khamitov","full_name":"Khamitov, Irek"},{"last_name":"Szkody","full_name":"Szkody, Paula","first_name":"Paula"},{"first_name":"Kareem","last_name":"El-Badry","full_name":"El-Badry, Kareem"},{"full_name":"Suslikov, Mikhail","last_name":"Suslikov","first_name":"Mikhail"},{"first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Prince","full_name":"Prince, Thomas A"},{"first_name":"Mikhail","full_name":"Buntov, Mikhail","last_name":"Buntov"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388","first_name":"Ilaria","last_name":"Caiazzo","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d"},{"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Gorbachev","full_name":"Gorbachev, Mark"},{"first_name":"Matthew J","full_name":"Graham, Matthew J","last_name":"Graham"},{"full_name":"Gumerov, Rustam","last_name":"Gumerov","first_name":"Rustam"},{"first_name":"Eldar","last_name":"Irtuganov","full_name":"Irtuganov, Eldar"},{"first_name":"Russ R","full_name":"Laher, Russ R","last_name":"Laher"},{"full_name":"Medvedev, Pavel","last_name":"Medvedev","first_name":"Pavel"},{"first_name":"Reed","full_name":"Riddle, Reed","last_name":"Riddle"},{"first_name":"Ben","full_name":"Rusholme, Ben","last_name":"Rusholme"},{"first_name":"Nail","full_name":"Sakhibullin, Nail","last_name":"Sakhibullin"},{"last_name":"Sklyanov","full_name":"Sklyanov, Alexander","first_name":"Alexander"},{"full_name":"Vanderbosch, Zachary P","last_name":"Vanderbosch","first_name":"Zachary P"}],"extern":"1","_id":"15189","issue":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2401.04178"]},"volume":528,"intvolume":"       528","arxiv":1,"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"01","day":"04","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae012","publication_status":"published","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"I. Galiullin <i>et al.</i>, “A joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF search: Discovery of a 97-min period eclipsing cataclysmic variable with evidence of a brown dwarf secondary,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 528, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 676–692, 2024.","ama":"Galiullin I, Rodriguez AC, Kulkarni SR, et al. A joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF search: Discovery of a 97-min period eclipsing cataclysmic variable with evidence of a brown dwarf secondary. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;528(1):676-692. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012\">10.1093/mnras/stae012</a>","apa":"Galiullin, I., Rodriguez, A. C., Kulkarni, S. R., Sunyaev, R., Gilfanov, M., Bikmaev, I., … Vanderbosch, Z. P. (2024). A joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF search: Discovery of a 97-min period eclipsing cataclysmic variable with evidence of a brown dwarf secondary. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012</a>","chicago":"Galiullin, Ilkham, Antonio C Rodriguez, Shrinivas R Kulkarni, Rashid Sunyaev, Marat Gilfanov, Ilfan Bikmaev, Lev Yungelson, et al. “A Joint SRG/EROSITA + ZTF Search: Discovery of a 97-Min Period Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable with Evidence of a Brown Dwarf Secondary.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012</a>.","short":"I. Galiullin, A.C. Rodriguez, S.R. Kulkarni, R. Sunyaev, M. Gilfanov, I. Bikmaev, L. Yungelson, J. van Roestel, B.T. Gänsicke, I. Khamitov, P. Szkody, K. El-Badry, M. Suslikov, T.A. Prince, M. Buntov, I. Caiazzo, M. Gorbachev, M.J. Graham, R. Gumerov, E. Irtuganov, R.R. Laher, P. Medvedev, R. Riddle, B. Rusholme, N. Sakhibullin, A. Sklyanov, Z.P. Vanderbosch, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 528 (2024) 676–692.","mla":"Galiullin, Ilkham, et al. “A Joint SRG/EROSITA + ZTF Search: Discovery of a 97-Min Period Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable with Evidence of a Brown Dwarf Secondary.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 528, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 676–92, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae012\">10.1093/mnras/stae012</a>.","ista":"Galiullin I, Rodriguez AC, Kulkarni SR, Sunyaev R, Gilfanov M, Bikmaev I, Yungelson L, van Roestel J, Gänsicke BT, Khamitov I, Szkody P, El-Badry K, Suslikov M, Prince TA, Buntov M, Caiazzo I, Gorbachev M, Graham MJ, Gumerov R, Irtuganov E, Laher RR, Medvedev P, Riddle R, Rusholme B, Sakhibullin N, Sklyanov A, Vanderbosch ZP. 2024. A joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF search: Discovery of a 97-min period eclipsing cataclysmic variable with evidence of a brown dwarf secondary. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 528(1), 676–692."},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"oa":1,"article_type":"original","title":"A joint SRG/eROSITA + ZTF search: Discovery of a 97-min period eclipsing cataclysmic variable with evidence of a brown dwarf secondary","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2024-04-02T06:50:01Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"Cataclysmic variables (CVs) that have evolved past the period minimum during their lifetimes are predicted to be systems with a brown dwarf donor. While population synthesis models predict that around 40–70 per cent of the Galactic CVs are post-period minimum systems referred to as ‘period bouncers’, only a few dozen confirmed systems are known. We report the study and characterization of a new eclipsing CV, SRGeJ041130.3+685350 (SRGeJ0411), discovered from a joint SRG/eROSITA and ZTF programme. The optical spectrum of SRGeJ0411 shows prominent hydrogen and helium emission lines, typical for CVs. We obtained optical high-speed photometry to confirm the eclipse of SRGeJ0411 and determine the orbital period to be Porb ≈ 97.530 min. The spectral energy distribution suggests that the donor has an effective temperature of ≲ 1800 K. We constrain the donor mass with the period–density relationship for Roche lobe-filling stars and find that Mdonor ≲ 0.04 M⊙. The binary parameters are consistent with evolutionary models for post-period minimum CVs, suggesting that SRGeJ0411 is a new period bouncer. The optical emission lines of SRGeJ0411 are single-peaked despite the system being eclipsing, which is typically only seen due to stream-fed accretion in polars. X-ray spectroscopy hints that the white dwarf in SRGeJ0411 could be magnetic, but verifying the magnetic nature of SRGeJ0411 requires further investigation. The lack of optical outbursts has made SRGeJ0411 elusive in previous surveys, and joint X-ray and optical surveys highlight the potential for discovering similar systems in the near future.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"date_created":"2024-03-26T09:43:55Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"},{"arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"04","corr_author":"1","day":"01","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae673","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for constructive comments that helped improving the paper. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programme 1101.A-0127. Funded by the European Union (ERC, AGENTS, 101076224). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, NOVA). JB acknowledges financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds PTDC/FIS-AST/4862/2020, work contract 2020.03379.CEECIND, and research grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020. TU and LW acknowledge funding by the European Research Council through ERC-AdG SPECMAP-CGM, GA 101020943. TG is supported by the ERC Starting grant 757258 ‘TRIPLE’.","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 529, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 2794–806, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>.","short":"J.J. Matthee, C. Golling, R. Mackenzie, G. Pezzulli, S. Lilly, J. Schaye, R. Bacon, H. Kusakabe, T. Urrutia, L. Boogaard, J. Brinchmann, M.V. Maseda, T. Garel, N.F. Bouché, L. Wisotzki, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529 (2024) 2794–2806.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Christopher Golling, Ruari Mackenzie, Gabriele Pezzulli, Simon Lilly, Joop Schaye, Roland Bacon, et al. “Large-Scale Excess H I Absorption around z ≈ 4 Galaxies Detected in a Background Galaxy Spectrum in the MUSE EXtremely Deep Field.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, Pezzulli G, Lilly S, Schaye J, Bacon R, Kusakabe H, Urrutia T, Boogaard L, Brinchmann J, Maseda MV, Garel T, Bouché NF, Wisotzki L. 2024. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529(3), 2794–2806.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 529, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2794–2806, 2024.","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Golling, C., Mackenzie, R., Pezzulli, G., Lilly, S., Schaye, J., … Wisotzki, L. (2024). Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>","ama":"Matthee JJ, Golling C, Mackenzie R, et al. Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;529(3):2794-2806. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae673\">10.1093/mnras/stae673</a>"},"file":[{"date_created":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","file_id":"15255","file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Matthee.pdf","date_updated":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":2626735,"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"1e65c40a71e565eebdc4c5ff11822ba2","relation":"main_file"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","OA_type":"gold","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Large-scale excess H I absorption around z ≈ 4 galaxies detected in a background galaxy spectrum in the MUSE eXtremely deep field","file_date_updated":"2024-04-02T08:42:17Z","date_updated":"2025-09-04T13:18:02Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Observationally mapping the relation between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is of key interest for studies of cosmic reionization. Diffuse hydrogen gas has typically been observed in H I Lyman-α (Lyα) absorption in the spectra of bright background quasars. However, it is important to extend these measurements to background galaxies as quasars become increasingly rare at high redshift and rarely probe closely separated sight lines. Here, we use deep integral field spectroscopy in the MUSE eXtremely Deep Field to demonstrate the measurement of the Lyα transmission at z ≈ 4 in absorption to a background galaxy at z = 4.77. The H I transmission is consistent with independent quasar sight lines at similar redshifts. Exploiting the high number of spectroscopic redshifts of faint galaxies (500 between z = 4.0–4.7 within a radius of 8 arcmin) that are tracers of the density field, we show that Lyα transmission is inversely correlated with galaxy density, i.e. transparent regions in the Lyα forest mark underdense regions at z ≈ 4. Due to large-scale clustering, galaxies are surrounded by excess H I absorption over the cosmic mean out to 4 cMpc/h70. We also find that redshifts from the peak of the Lyα line are typically offset from the systemic redshift by +170 km s−1. This work extends results from z ≈ 2–3 to higher redshifts and demonstrates the power of deep integral field spectroscopy to simultaneously measure the ionization structure of the IGM and the large-scale density field in the early Universe."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-03-31T22:01:12Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","page":"2794-2806","date_published":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2024","publisher":"Oxford University Press","project":[{"name":"Young galaxies as tracers and agents of cosmic reionization","grant_number":"101076224","_id":"bd9b2118-d553-11ed-ba76-db24564edfea"}],"ddc":["520"],"author":[{"first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J"},{"full_name":"Golling, Christopher","last_name":"Golling","first_name":"Christopher"},{"first_name":"Ruari","last_name":"Mackenzie","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari"},{"first_name":"Gabriele","last_name":"Pezzulli","full_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele"},{"full_name":"Lilly, Simon","last_name":"Lilly","first_name":"Simon"},{"full_name":"Schaye, Joop","last_name":"Schaye","first_name":"Joop"},{"last_name":"Bacon","full_name":"Bacon, Roland","first_name":"Roland"},{"last_name":"Kusakabe","full_name":"Kusakabe, Haruka","first_name":"Haruka"},{"first_name":"Tanya","last_name":"Urrutia","full_name":"Urrutia, Tanya"},{"first_name":"Leindert","full_name":"Boogaard, Leindert","last_name":"Boogaard"},{"first_name":"Jarle","full_name":"Brinchmann, Jarle","last_name":"Brinchmann"},{"last_name":"Maseda","full_name":"Maseda, Michael V.","first_name":"Michael V."},{"first_name":"Thibault","full_name":"Garel, Thibault","last_name":"Garel"},{"last_name":"Bouché","full_name":"Bouché, Nicolas F.","first_name":"Nicolas F."},{"first_name":"Lutz","last_name":"Wisotzki","full_name":"Wisotzki, Lutz"}],"isi":1,"_id":"15249","external_id":{"arxiv":["2305.15346"],"isi":["001188770300019"]},"issue":"3","volume":529,"intvolume":"       529"},{"intvolume":"       534","volume":534,"issue":"4","_id":"18523","external_id":{"isi":["001335663900008"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Pizzati, Elia","last_name":"Pizzati","first_name":"Elia"},{"first_name":"Joseph F.","full_name":"Hennawi, Joseph F.","last_name":"Hennawi"},{"last_name":"Schaye","full_name":"Schaye, Joop","first_name":"Joop"},{"last_name":"Schaller","full_name":"Schaller, Matthieu","first_name":"Matthieu"},{"first_name":"Anna Christina","full_name":"Eilers, Anna Christina","last_name":"Eilers"},{"first_name":"Feige","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Feige"},{"last_name":"Frenk","full_name":"Frenk, Carlos S.","first_name":"Carlos S."},{"first_name":"Willem","full_name":"Elbers, Willem","last_name":"Elbers"},{"full_name":"Helly, John C.","last_name":"Helly","first_name":"John C."},{"first_name":"Ruari","full_name":"Mackenzie, Ruari","last_name":"Mackenzie"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","first_name":"Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"first_name":"Rongmon","full_name":"Bordoloi, Rongmon","last_name":"Bordoloi"},{"first_name":"Daichi","last_name":"Kashino","full_name":"Kashino, Daichi"},{"first_name":"Rohan P.","full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"last_name":"Yue","full_name":"Yue, Minghao","first_name":"Minghao"}],"isi":1,"ddc":["520"],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2024","date_published":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","page":"3155-3175","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-11-10T23:01:58Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recent observations from the EIGER JWST program have measured for the first time the quasar–galaxy cross-correlation function at z ≈ 6. The autocorrelation function of faint z ≈ 6 quasars was also recently estimated. These measurements provide key insights into the properties of quasars and galaxies at high redshift and their relation with the host dark matter haloes. In this work, we interpret these data building upon an empirical quasar population model that has been applied successfully to quasar clustering and demographic measurements at z ≈ 2–4. We use a new, large-volume N-body simulation with more than a trillion particles, FLAMINGO-10k, to model quasars and galaxies simultaneously. We successfully reproduce observations of z ≈ 6 quasars and galaxies (i.e. their clustering properties and luminosity functions), and infer key quantities such as their luminosity–halo mass relation, the mass function of their host haloes, and their duty cycle/occupation fraction. Our key findings\r\nare (i) quasars reside on average in ≈ 1012.5 M haloes (corresponding to ≈ 5σ fluctuations in the initial conditions of the linear density field), but the distribution of host halo masses is quite broad; (ii) the duty cycle of (UV-bright) quasar activity is relatively low (≈ 1 per cent); (iii) galaxies (that are bright in [O III]) live in much smaller haloes (≈ 1010.9 M) and have a larger duty cycle (occupation fraction) of ≈ 13 per cent. Finally, we focus on the inferred properties of quasars and present a homogeneous analysis of their evolution with redshift. The picture that emerges reveals a strong evolution of the host halo mass and duty cycle of quasars at z ≈ 2–6, and calls for new investigations of the role of quasar activity across cosmic time."}],"type":"journal_article","DOAJ_listed":"1","date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:40:22Z","file_date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","title":"A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_type":"gold","article_type":"original","OA_place":"publisher","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"file":[{"file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Pizzati.pdf","file_id":"18542","date_created":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","file_size":2954312,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2024-11-12T07:17:26Z","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"9ea6285dd1d04d7a9e7b40a4c9e11edb","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"citation":{"ama":"Pizzati E, Hennawi JF, Schaye J, et al. A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;534(4):3155-3175. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>","apa":"Pizzati, E., Hennawi, J. F., Schaye, J., Schaller, M., Eilers, A. C., Wang, F., … Yue, M. (2024). A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>","ieee":"E. Pizzati <i>et al.</i>, “A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 3155–3175, 2024.","ista":"Pizzati E, Hennawi JF, Schaye J, Schaller M, Eilers AC, Wang F, Frenk CS, Elbers W, Helly JC, Mackenzie R, Matthee JJ, Bordoloi R, Kashino D, Naidu RP, Yue M. 2024. A unified model for the clustering of quasars and galaxies at z ≈ 6. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 534(4), 3155–3175.","mla":"Pizzati, Elia, et al. “A Unified Model for the Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z ≈ 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 3155–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>.","short":"E. Pizzati, J.F. Hennawi, J. Schaye, M. Schaller, A.C. Eilers, F. Wang, C.S. Frenk, W. Elbers, J.C. Helly, R. Mackenzie, J.J. Matthee, R. Bordoloi, D. Kashino, R.P. Naidu, M. Yue, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (2024) 3155–3175.","chicago":"Pizzati, Elia, Joseph F. Hennawi, Joop Schaye, Matthieu Schaller, Anna Christina Eilers, Feige Wang, Carlos S. Frenk, et al. “A Unified Model for the Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z ≈ 6.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2307</a>."},"status":"public","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Junya Arita and the SHELLQs team for sharing their data on the quasar autocorrelation function and to Jan-Torge Schindler for discussion on the QLF. We acknowledge helpful conversations with the ENIGMA group at UC Santa Barbara and Leiden University. EP is grateful to Rob McGibbon and Victor Forouhar Moreno for help with the simulation outputs, and to Timo Kist, Jiamu Huang, and Vikram Khaire for comments on an early version of the manuscript. JFH and EP acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 885301). This work is partly supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860744 (BiD4BESt). FW acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-2308258. This work used the DiRAC Memory Intensive service (Cosma8) at the University of Durham, which is part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). Access to DiRAC resources was granted through a Director’s Discretionary Time allocation in 2023/24, under the auspices of the UKRI-funded\r\nDiRAC Federation Project. The equipment was funded by BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, and ST/S002502/1, Durham University, and STFC operations grant ST/R000832/1. DiRAC is part of the National e-Infrastructure.","scopus_import":"1","publication_status":"published","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"day":"01","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2307","month":"11","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1"},{"OA_place":"publisher","article_type":"original","OA_type":"gold","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 < z < 9.0 in the GOODS fields","has_accepted_license":"1","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present the census of Hβ+[OIII] 4960,5008 Åemitters at 6.8<z<9.0 from the JWST FRESCO survey over 124 arcmin2 in the GOODS-North and GOODS-South fields. Our unbiased spectroscopic search results in 137 spectroscopically-confirmed galaxies at 6.8<z<9.0 with observed [OIII] fluxes f[OIII]≳1×10−18 ergs s−1 cm−2. The rest-frame optical line ratios of the median stacked spectrum (median MUV=−19.65+0.59−1.05) indicate negligible dust attenuation, low metallicity (12+log(O/H)=7.2−7.7) and a high ionisation parameter log10U≃−2.5. We find a factor ×1.3 difference in the number density of 6.8<z<9.0 galaxies between GOODS-South and GOODS-North, which is caused by a single overdensity at 7.0<z<7.2 in GOODS-North. The bright end of the UV luminosity function of spectroscopically-confirmed [OIII] emitters is in good agreement with HST dropout-selected samples. Discrepancies between the observed [OIII] LF, [OIII]/UV ratio and [OIII] equivalent widths, and that predicted by theoretical models, suggest burstier star-formation histories and/or more heterogeneous metallicity and ionising conditions in z>7 galaxies. We report a rapid decline of the [OIII] luminosity density at z≳6−7 which cannot be explained by the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate density. Finally we find that FRESCO detects in only 2h galaxies likely accounting for ∼10−20% of the ionising budget at z=7−8 (assuming an escape fraction of 10%), raising the prospect of directly detecting a significant fraction of the sources of reionisation with JWST."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-11-24T23:01:49Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","file_date_updated":"2024-12-03T12:52:13Z","date_updated":"2025-09-08T14:47:58Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","type":"journal_article","month":"11","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2353","day":"01","department":[{"_id":"JoMa"}],"publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","file":[{"checksum":"efe0ce3580e01459f3be78eb111b35a9","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"creator":"dernst","file_size":29476699,"date_updated":"2024-12-03T12:52:13Z","file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Meyer.pdf","date_created":"2024-12-03T12:52:13Z","file_id":"18613"}],"citation":{"apa":"Meyer, R. A., Oesch, P. A., Giovinazzo, E., Weibel, A., Brammer, G., Matthee, J. J., … Wuyts, S. (2024). JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>","ama":"Meyer RA, Oesch PA, Giovinazzo E, et al. JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;535(1):1067-1094. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>","ieee":"R. A. Meyer <i>et al.</i>, “JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 535, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1067–1094, 2024.","ista":"Meyer RA, Oesch PA, Giovinazzo E, Weibel A, Brammer G, Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Bouwens RJ, Chisholm J, Covelo-Paz A, Fudamoto Y, Maseda M, Nelson E, Shivaei I, Xiao M, Herard-Demanche T, Illingworth GD, Kerutt J, Kramarenko I, Labbe I, Leonova E, Magee D, Matharu J, Prieto Lyon G, Reddy N, Schaerer D, Shapley A, Stefanon M, Wozniak MA, Wuyts S. 2024. JWST FRESCO: A comprehensive census of H β + [O iii] emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS fields. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 535(1), 1067–1094.","chicago":"Meyer, R. A., P. A. Oesch, E. Giovinazzo, A. Weibel, G. Brammer, Jorryt J Matthee, R. P. Naidu, et al. “JWST FRESCO: A Comprehensive Census of H β + [O Iii] Emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS Fields.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>.","mla":"Meyer, R. A., et al. “JWST FRESCO: A Comprehensive Census of H β + [O Iii] Emitters at 6.8 &#60; z &#60; 9.0 in the GOODS Fields.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 535, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 1067–94, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2353\">10.1093/mnras/stae2353</a>.","short":"R.A. Meyer, P.A. Oesch, E. Giovinazzo, A. Weibel, G. Brammer, J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, R.J. Bouwens, J. Chisholm, A. Covelo-Paz, Y. Fudamoto, M. Maseda, E. Nelson, I. Shivaei, M. Xiao, T. Herard-Demanche, G.D. Illingworth, J. Kerutt, I. Kramarenko, I. Labbe, E. Leonova, D. Magee, J. Matharu, G. Prieto Lyon, N. Reddy, D. Schaerer, A. Shapley, M. Stefanon, M.A. Wozniak, S. Wuyts, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 535 (2024) 1067–1094."},"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"The authors thank the anonymous referee for comments and suggestions which improved this paper. RAM thanks R. Kannan for sharing emission line luminosities from THESAN and H. Katz for similar data from an early version of the SPHINX20 data release (we use the final data release in this paper). The authors thank the CONGRESS team for proposing and designing their program with a zero exclusive access period.\r\nRAM, PA, ACP, and AW acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through project grant 200020_207349. PA, AW, EG, and MX acknowledge support from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00072. YF acknowledges support by JSPS KAKENHI grant number JP22K21349 and JP23K13149. RPN acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51515.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. MS acknowledges support from the European Research Commission Grant 101088789 (SFEER), from the CIDEGENT/2021/059 grant by Generalitat Valenciana, and from project PID2019-109592GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Agencia Estatal de Investigación. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant no. 140. Cloud-based data processing and file storage for this work is provided by the AWS Cloud Credits for Research program. RJB and MS acknowledges support from NWO grant TOP1.16.057.\r\nThis work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA JWST. The raw data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with JWST Cycle 1 GO program #1895. Support for program JWST-GO-1895 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Associations of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555.","issue":"1","_id":"18585","external_id":{"isi":["001348009500001"]},"isi":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Meyer","full_name":"Meyer, R. A.","first_name":"R. A."},{"first_name":"P. A.","last_name":"Oesch","full_name":"Oesch, P. A."},{"last_name":"Giovinazzo","full_name":"Giovinazzo, E.","first_name":"E."},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Weibel, A.","last_name":"Weibel"},{"last_name":"Brammer","full_name":"Brammer, G.","first_name":"G."},{"first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"first_name":"R. P.","full_name":"Naidu, R. P.","last_name":"Naidu"},{"first_name":"R. J.","last_name":"Bouwens","full_name":"Bouwens, R. J."},{"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Chisholm","full_name":"Chisholm, J."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Covelo-Paz","full_name":"Covelo-Paz, A."},{"first_name":"Y.","full_name":"Fudamoto, Y.","last_name":"Fudamoto"},{"full_name":"Maseda, M.","last_name":"Maseda","first_name":"M."},{"last_name":"Nelson","full_name":"Nelson, E.","first_name":"E."},{"first_name":"I.","last_name":"Shivaei","full_name":"Shivaei, I."},{"last_name":"Xiao","full_name":"Xiao, M.","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"T.","full_name":"Herard-Demanche, T.","last_name":"Herard-Demanche"},{"first_name":"G. D.","full_name":"Illingworth, G. D.","last_name":"Illingworth"},{"last_name":"Kerutt","full_name":"Kerutt, J.","first_name":"J."},{"last_name":"Kramarenko","full_name":"Kramarenko, Ivan","id":"9a9394cb-3200-11ee-973b-f5ba2a8b16e4","orcid":"0000-0001-5346-6048","first_name":"Ivan"},{"first_name":"I.","last_name":"Labbe","full_name":"Labbe, I."},{"first_name":"E.","full_name":"Leonova, E.","last_name":"Leonova"},{"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Magee","full_name":"Magee, D."},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Matharu, J.","last_name":"Matharu"},{"last_name":"Prieto Lyon","full_name":"Prieto Lyon, G.","first_name":"G."},{"last_name":"Reddy","full_name":"Reddy, N.","first_name":"N."},{"last_name":"Schaerer","full_name":"Schaerer, D.","first_name":"D."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Shapley","full_name":"Shapley, A."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Stefanon, M.","last_name":"Stefanon"},{"first_name":"M. A.","last_name":"Wozniak","full_name":"Wozniak, M. A."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Wuyts","full_name":"Wuyts, S."}],"intvolume":"       535","volume":535,"date_published":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","page":"1067-1094","publisher":"Oxford University Press","ddc":["520"],"year":"2024"},{"date_updated":"2024-09-12T09:08:08Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T09:43:52Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","abstract":[{"text":"Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses of ∼109 M⊙ within the first billion year of the universe challenge our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. One pathway to these SMBHs proposes that supermassive stars born in pristine atomic cooling haloes yield massive seed BHs evolving to these early SMBHs. This scenario leads to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), in which the BH to stellar mass ratio is initially Mbh/M* ≥ 1, well in excess of the typical values of ∼10−3 at low redshifts. Previously, we have investigated two massive seed BH candidates from the Renaissance simulation and found that they remain outliers on the Mbh–M* relation until the OMBG merges with a much more massive halo at z = 8. In this work, we use Monte-Carlo merger trees to investigate the evolution of the Mbh–M* relation for 50 000 protogalaxies hosting massive BH seeds, across 10 000 trees that merge into a 1012 M⊙ halo at z = 6. We find that up to 60 per cent (depending on growth parameters) of these OMBGs remain strong outliers for several 100 Myr, down to redshifts detectable with JWST and with sensitive X-ray telescopes. This represents a way to diagnose the massive-seed formation pathway for early SMBHs. We expect to find ∼0.1–1 of these objects per JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) field per unit redshift at z ≳ 6. Recently detected SMBHs with masses of ∼107 M⊙ and low-inferred stellar-mass hosts may be examples of this population.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ista":"Scoggins MT, Haiman Z. 2024. Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 531(4), 4584–4597.","chicago":"Scoggins, Matthew T, and Zoltán Haiman. “Diagnosing the Massive-Seed Pathway to High-Redshift Black Holes: Statistics of the Evolving Black Hole to Host Galaxy Mass Ratio.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>.","short":"M.T. Scoggins, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 531 (2024) 4584–4597.","mla":"Scoggins, Matthew T., and Zoltán Haiman. “Diagnosing the Massive-Seed Pathway to High-Redshift Black Holes: Statistics of the Evolving Black Hole to Host Galaxy Mass Ratio.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 531, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 4584–97, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>.","apa":"Scoggins, M. T., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2024). Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>","ama":"Scoggins MT, Haiman Z. Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;531(4):4584-4597. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449\">10.1093/mnras/stae1449</a>","ieee":"M. T. Scoggins and Z. Haiman, “Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 531, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 4584–4597, 2024."},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1449"}],"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","day":"13","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae1449","publication_status":"published","month":"06","volume":531,"intvolume":"       531","author":[{"first_name":"Matthew T","full_name":"Scoggins, Matthew T","last_name":"Scoggins"},{"full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"_id":"17535","issue":"4","extern":"1","year":"2024","publisher":"Oxford University Press","page":"4584-4597","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z"},{"month":"10","department":[{"_id":"LiBu"}],"publication_status":"published","day":"01","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stae2053","arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"file":[{"file_id":"18182","date_created":"2024-10-07T09:14:03Z","file_name":"2024_MonthlyNRoyalAstronSoc_Hatt.pdf","date_updated":"2024-10-07T09:14:03Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":2813008,"access_level":"open_access","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","checksum":"b79f3c6a5991516abbcc8d34fa4bfb5f","relation":"main_file"}],"citation":{"ama":"Hatt EJ, Ong JMJ, Nielsen MB, et al. Asteroseismic signatures of core magnetism and rotation in hundreds of low-luminosity red giants. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2024;534(2):1060-1076. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2053\">10.1093/mnras/stae2053</a>","apa":"Hatt, E. J., Ong, J. M. J., Nielsen, M. B., Chaplin, W. J., Davies, G. R., Deheuvels, S., … Bugnet, L. A. (2024). Asteroseismic signatures of core magnetism and rotation in hundreds of low-luminosity red giants. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2053\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2053</a>","ieee":"E. J. Hatt <i>et al.</i>, “Asteroseismic signatures of core magnetism and rotation in hundreds of low-luminosity red giants,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1060–1076, 2024.","ista":"Hatt EJ, Ong JMJ, Nielsen MB, Chaplin WJ, Davies GR, Deheuvels S, Ballot J, Li G, Bugnet LA. 2024. Asteroseismic signatures of core magnetism and rotation in hundreds of low-luminosity red giants. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 534(2), 1060–1076.","chicago":"Hatt, Emily J., J. M.Joel Ong, Martin B. Nielsen, William J. Chaplin, Guy R. Davies, Sébastien Deheuvels, Jérôme Ballot, Gang Li, and Lisa Annabelle Bugnet. “Asteroseismic Signatures of Core Magnetism and Rotation in Hundreds of Low-Luminosity Red Giants.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2053\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2053</a>.","mla":"Hatt, Emily J., et al. “Asteroseismic Signatures of Core Magnetism and Rotation in Hundreds of Low-Luminosity Red Giants.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 534, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 1060–76, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2053\">10.1093/mnras/stae2053</a>.","short":"E.J. Hatt, J.M.J. Ong, M.B. Nielsen, W.J. Chaplin, G.R. Davies, S. Deheuvels, J. Ballot, G. Li, L.A. Bugnet, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (2024) 1060–1076."},"scopus_import":"1","acknowledgement":"EJH, WJC, and GRD acknowledge the support of Science and Technology Facilities Council. MBN acknowledges support from the UK Space Agency. JMJO acknowledges support from NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51517.001, awarded by STScI (Space Telescope Science Institute), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. The authors acknowledge use of the Blue-BEAR HPC service at the University of Birmingham. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler mission was provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC was provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This paper received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (CartographY GA. 804752). SD and JB acknowledge support from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES).","article_type":"original","OA_place":"publisher","title":"Asteroseismic signatures of core magnetism and rotation in hundreds of low-luminosity red giants","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","OA_type":"gold","oa":1,"has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Red Giant stars host solar-like oscillations which have mixed character, being sensitive to conditions both in the outer convection zone and deep within the interior. The properties of these modes are sensitive to both core rotation and magnetic fields. While asteroseismic studies of the former have been done on a large scale, studies of the latter are currently limited to tens of stars. We aim to produce the first large catalogue of both magnetic and rotational perturbations. We jointly constrain these parameters by devising an automated method for fitting the power spectra directly. We successfully apply the method to 302 low-luminosity red giants. We find a clear bimodality in core rotation rate. The primary peak is at δνrot = 0.32 μHz, and the secondary at δνrot = 0.47 μHz. Combining our results with literature values, we find that the percentage of stars rotating much more rapidly than the population average increases with evolutionary state. We measure magnetic splittings of 2σ significance in 23 stars. While the most extreme magnetic splitting values appear in stars with masses > 1.1M⊙, implying they formerly hosted a convective core, a small but statistically significant magnetic splitting is measured at lower masses. Asymmetry between the frequencies of a rotationally split multiplet has previously been used to diagnose the presence of a magnetic perturbation. We find that of the stars with a significant detection of magnetic perturbation, 43\\% do not show strong asymmetry. We find no strong evidence of correlation between the rotation and magnetic parameters."}],"date_created":"2024-10-06T22:01:11Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"PlanS_conform":"1","file_date_updated":"2024-10-07T09:14:03Z","DOAJ_listed":"1","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2025-09-08T09:53:01Z","date_published":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes","page":"1060-1076","publisher":"Oxford University Press","ddc":["520"],"year":"2024","issue":"2","_id":"18172","external_id":{"isi":["001320536900011"],"arxiv":["2409.01157"]},"isi":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Hatt, Emily J.","last_name":"Hatt","first_name":"Emily J."},{"last_name":"Ong","full_name":"Ong, J. M.Joel","first_name":"J. M.Joel"},{"first_name":"Martin B.","last_name":"Nielsen","full_name":"Nielsen, Martin B."},{"last_name":"Chaplin","full_name":"Chaplin, William J.","first_name":"William J."},{"full_name":"Davies, Guy R.","last_name":"Davies","first_name":"Guy R."},{"first_name":"Sébastien","last_name":"Deheuvels","full_name":"Deheuvels, Sébastien"},{"first_name":"Jérôme","last_name":"Ballot","full_name":"Ballot, Jérôme"},{"first_name":"Gang","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Gang"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0142-4000","first_name":"Lisa Annabelle","last_name":"Bugnet","full_name":"Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle","id":"d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501"}],"intvolume":"       534","volume":534},{"year":"2023","publisher":"Oxford University Press","page":"1692-1709","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","volume":524,"intvolume":"       524","author":[{"full_name":"Farmer, R","last_name":"Farmer","first_name":"R"},{"first_name":"M","full_name":"Renzo, M","last_name":"Renzo"},{"full_name":"Götberg, Ylva Louise Linsdotter","id":"d0648d0c-0f64-11ee-a2e0-dd0faa2e4f7d","last_name":"Götberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6960-6911","first_name":"Ylva Louise Linsdotter"},{"full_name":"Bellinger, E","last_name":"Bellinger","first_name":"E"},{"first_name":"S","last_name":"Justham","full_name":"Justham, S"},{"first_name":"S E","last_name":"de Mink","full_name":"de Mink, S E"}],"extern":"1","_id":"14104","external_id":{"arxiv":["2305.07337"]},"issue":"2","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"short":"R. Farmer, M. Renzo, Y.L.L. Götberg, E. Bellinger, S. Justham, S.E. de Mink, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 524 (2023) 1692–1709.","chicago":"Farmer, R, M Renzo, Ylva Louise Linsdotter Götberg, E Bellinger, S Justham, and S E de Mink. “Observational Predictions for Thorne–Żytkow Objects.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1977\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1977</a>.","mla":"Farmer, R., et al. “Observational Predictions for Thorne–Żytkow Objects.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 524, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 1692–709, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1977\">10.1093/mnras/stad1977</a>.","ista":"Farmer R, Renzo M, Götberg YLL, Bellinger E, Justham S, de Mink SE. 2023. Observational predictions for Thorne–Żytkow objects. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 524(2), 1692–1709.","ieee":"R. Farmer, M. Renzo, Y. L. L. Götberg, E. Bellinger, S. Justham, and S. E. de Mink, “Observational predictions for Thorne–Żytkow objects,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 524, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1692–1709, 2023.","apa":"Farmer, R., Renzo, M., Götberg, Y. L. L., Bellinger, E., Justham, S., &#38; de Mink, S. E. (2023). Observational predictions for Thorne–Żytkow objects. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1977\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1977</a>","ama":"Farmer R, Renzo M, Götberg YLL, Bellinger E, Justham S, de Mink SE. Observational predictions for Thorne–Żytkow objects. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;524(2):1692-1709. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1977\">10.1093/mnras/stad1977</a>"},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07337","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","quality_controlled":"1","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1977","day":"01","month":"09","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-08-21T12:12:48Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2023-08-21T10:13:56Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Thorne–Żytkow objects (TŻO) are potential end products of the merger of a neutron star with a non-degenerate star. In this work, we have computed the first grid of evolutionary models of TŻOs with the MESA stellar evolution code. With these models, we predict several observational properties of TŻOs, including their surface temperatures and luminosities, pulsation periods, and nucleosynthetic products. We expand the range of possible TŻO solutions to cover 3.45≲log(Teff/K)≲3.65 and 4.85≲log(L/L⊙)≲5.5⁠. Due to the much higher densities our TŻOs reach compared to previous models, if TŻOs form we expect them to be stable over a larger mass range than previously predicted, without exhibiting a gap in their mass distribution. Using the GYRE stellar pulsation code we show that TŻOs should have fundamental pulsation periods of 1000–2000 d, and period ratios of ≈0.2–0.3. Models computed with a large 399 isotope fully coupled nuclear network show a nucleosynthetic signal that is different to previously predicted. We propose a new nucleosynthetic signal to determine a star’s status as a TŻO: the isotopologues 44TiO2 and 44TiO⁠, which will have a shift in their spectral features as compared to stable titanium-containing molecules. We find that in the local Universe (∼SMC metallicities and above) TŻOs show little heavy metal enrichment, potentially explaining the difficulty in finding TŻOs to-date."}],"oa":1,"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"title":"Observational predictions for Thorne–Żytkow objects","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","article_type":"original"},{"article_type":"original","title":"The detection of polarized X-ray emission from the magnetar 1E 2259+586","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"We report on IXPE, NICER, and XMM–Newton observations of the magnetar 1E 2259+586. We find that the source is significantly polarized at about or above 20  per cent for all phases except for the secondary peak where it is more weakly polarized. The polarization degree is strongest during the primary minimum which is also the phase where an absorption feature has been identified previously. The polarization angle of the photons are consistent with a rotating vector model with a mode switch between the primary minimum and the rest of the rotation of the neutron star. We propose a scenario in which the emission at the source is weakly polarized (as in a condensed surface) and, as the radiation passes through a plasma arch, resonant cyclotron scattering off of protons produces the observed polarized radiation. This confirms the magnetar nature of the source with a surface field greater than about 1015 G.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-03-26T09:44:24Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-04-02T06:51:04Z","month":"12","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3680","day":"01","arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"citation":{"chicago":"Heyl, Jeremy, Roberto Taverna, Roberto Turolla, Gian Luca Israel, Mason Ng, Demet Kırmızıbayrak, Denis González-Caniulef, et al. “The Detection of Polarized X-Ray Emission from the Magnetar 1E 2259+586.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680</a>.","short":"J. Heyl, R. Taverna, R. Turolla, G.L. Israel, M. Ng, D. Kırmızıbayrak, D. González-Caniulef, I. Caiazzo, S. Zane, S.R. Ehlert, M. Negro, I. Agudo, L.A. Antonelli, M. Bachetti, L. Baldini, W.H. Baumgartner, R. Bellazzini, S. Bianchi, S.D. Bongiorno, R. Bonino, A. Brez, N. Bucciantini, F. Capitanio, S. Castellano, E. Cavazzuti, C.-T. Chen, S. Ciprini, E. Costa, A. De Rosa, E. Del Monte, L. Di Gesu, N. Di Lalla, A. Di Marco, I. Donnarumma, V. Doroshenko, M. Dovčiak, T. Enoto, Y. Evangelista, S. Fabiani, R. Ferrazzoli, J.A. Garcia, S. Gunji, K. Hayashida, W. Iwakiri, S.G. Jorstad, P. Kaaret, V. Karas, F. Kislat, T. Kitaguchi, J.J. Kolodziejczak, H. Krawczynski, F.L. Monaca, L. Latronico, I. Liodakis, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda, F. Marin, A. Marinucci, A.P. Marscher, H.L. Marshall, F. Massaro, G. Matt, I. Mitsuishi, T. Mizuno, F. Muleri, C.-Y. Ng, S.L. O’Dell, N. Omodei, C. Oppedisano, A. Papitto, G.G. Pavlov, A.L. Peirson, M. Perri, M. Pesce-Rollins, P.-O. Petrucci, M. Pilia, A. Possenti, J. Poutanen, S. Puccetti, B.D. Ramsey, J. Rankin, A. Ratheesh, O.J. Roberts, R.W. Romani, C. Sgrò, P. Slane, P. Soffitta, G. Spandre, D.A. Swartz, T. Tamagawa, F. Tavecchio, Y. Tawara, A.F. Tennant, N.E. Thomas, F. Tombesi, A. Trois, S.S. Tsygankov, J. Vink, M.C. Weisskopf, K. Wu, F. Xie, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (2023) 12219–12231.","mla":"Heyl, Jeremy, et al. “The Detection of Polarized X-Ray Emission from the Magnetar 1E 2259+586.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 12219–31, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680\">10.1093/mnras/stad3680</a>.","ista":"Heyl J et al. 2023. The detection of polarized X-ray emission from the magnetar 1E 2259+586. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527(4), 12219–12231.","ieee":"J. Heyl <i>et al.</i>, “The detection of polarized X-ray emission from the magnetar 1E 2259+586,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 12219–12231, 2023.","apa":"Heyl, J., Taverna, R., Turolla, R., Israel, G. L., Ng, M., Kırmızıbayrak, D., … Xie, F. (2023). The detection of polarized X-ray emission from the magnetar 1E 2259+586. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680</a>","ama":"Heyl J, Taverna R, Turolla R, et al. The detection of polarized X-ray emission from the magnetar 1E 2259+586. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;527(4):12219-12231. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3680\">10.1093/mnras/stad3680</a>"},"scopus_import":"1","_id":"15190","external_id":{"arxiv":["2311.03637"]},"issue":"4","extern":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Heyl","full_name":"Heyl, Jeremy"},{"full_name":"Taverna, Roberto","last_name":"Taverna","first_name":"Roberto"},{"last_name":"Turolla","full_name":"Turolla, Roberto","first_name":"Roberto"},{"last_name":"Israel","full_name":"Israel, Gian Luca","first_name":"Gian Luca"},{"first_name":"Mason","last_name":"Ng","full_name":"Ng, Mason"},{"first_name":"Demet","full_name":"Kırmızıbayrak, Demet","last_name":"Kırmızıbayrak"},{"full_name":"González-Caniulef, Denis","last_name":"González-Caniulef","first_name":"Denis"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388","first_name":"Ilaria","last_name":"Caiazzo","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d"},{"first_name":"Silvia","full_name":"Zane, Silvia","last_name":"Zane"},{"last_name":"Ehlert","full_name":"Ehlert, Steven R","first_name":"Steven R"},{"full_name":"Negro, Michela","last_name":"Negro","first_name":"Michela"},{"first_name":"Iván","full_name":"Agudo, Iván","last_name":"Agudo"},{"last_name":"Antonelli","full_name":"Antonelli, Lucio Angelo","first_name":"Lucio Angelo"},{"first_name":"Matteo","last_name":"Bachetti","full_name":"Bachetti, Matteo"},{"first_name":"Luca","full_name":"Baldini, Luca","last_name":"Baldini"},{"first_name":"Wayne H","full_name":"Baumgartner, Wayne H","last_name":"Baumgartner"},{"first_name":"Ronaldo","full_name":"Bellazzini, Ronaldo","last_name":"Bellazzini"},{"full_name":"Bianchi, Stefano","last_name":"Bianchi","first_name":"Stefano"},{"first_name":"Stephen D","full_name":"Bongiorno, Stephen D","last_name":"Bongiorno"},{"first_name":"Raffaella","full_name":"Bonino, Raffaella","last_name":"Bonino"},{"first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Brez, Alessandro","last_name":"Brez"},{"first_name":"Niccolò","full_name":"Bucciantini, Niccolò","last_name":"Bucciantini"},{"last_name":"Capitanio","full_name":"Capitanio, Fiamma","first_name":"Fiamma"},{"last_name":"Castellano","full_name":"Castellano, Simone","first_name":"Simone"},{"last_name":"Cavazzuti","full_name":"Cavazzuti, Elisabetta","first_name":"Elisabetta"},{"first_name":"Chien-Ting","full_name":"Chen, Chien-Ting","last_name":"Chen"},{"last_name":"Ciprini","full_name":"Ciprini, Stefano","first_name":"Stefano"},{"first_name":"Enrico","full_name":"Costa, Enrico","last_name":"Costa"},{"full_name":"De Rosa, Alessandra","last_name":"De Rosa","first_name":"Alessandra"},{"first_name":"Ettore","full_name":"Del Monte, Ettore","last_name":"Del Monte"},{"full_name":"Di Gesu, Laura","last_name":"Di Gesu","first_name":"Laura"},{"first_name":"Niccolò","last_name":"Di Lalla","full_name":"Di Lalla, Niccolò"},{"first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Di Marco, Alessandro","last_name":"Di Marco"},{"last_name":"Donnarumma","full_name":"Donnarumma, Immacolata","first_name":"Immacolata"},{"last_name":"Doroshenko","full_name":"Doroshenko, Victor","first_name":"Victor"},{"first_name":"Michal","full_name":"Dovčiak, Michal","last_name":"Dovčiak"},{"first_name":"Teruaki","full_name":"Enoto, Teruaki","last_name":"Enoto"},{"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Evangelista","full_name":"Evangelista, Yuri"},{"full_name":"Fabiani, Sergio","last_name":"Fabiani","first_name":"Sergio"},{"first_name":"Riccardo","full_name":"Ferrazzoli, Riccardo","last_name":"Ferrazzoli"},{"last_name":"Garcia","full_name":"Garcia, Javier A","first_name":"Javier A"},{"first_name":"Shuichi","full_name":"Gunji, Shuichi","last_name":"Gunji"},{"last_name":"Hayashida","full_name":"Hayashida, Kiyoshi","first_name":"Kiyoshi"},{"first_name":"Wataru","last_name":"Iwakiri","full_name":"Iwakiri, Wataru"},{"first_name":"Svetlana G","full_name":"Jorstad, Svetlana G","last_name":"Jorstad"},{"first_name":"Philip","full_name":"Kaaret, Philip","last_name":"Kaaret"},{"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Karas","full_name":"Karas, Vladimir"},{"first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Kislat","full_name":"Kislat, Fabian"},{"last_name":"Kitaguchi","full_name":"Kitaguchi, Takao","first_name":"Takao"},{"first_name":"Jeffery J","last_name":"Kolodziejczak","full_name":"Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J"},{"full_name":"Krawczynski, Henric","last_name":"Krawczynski","first_name":"Henric"},{"first_name":"Fabio La","last_name":"Monaca","full_name":"Monaca, Fabio La"},{"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Latronico","full_name":"Latronico, Luca"},{"last_name":"Liodakis","full_name":"Liodakis, Ioannis","first_name":"Ioannis"},{"first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Maldera","full_name":"Maldera, Simone"},{"full_name":"Manfreda, Alberto","last_name":"Manfreda","first_name":"Alberto"},{"first_name":"Frédéric","last_name":"Marin","full_name":"Marin, Frédéric"},{"full_name":"Marinucci, Andrea","last_name":"Marinucci","first_name":"Andrea"},{"last_name":"Marscher","full_name":"Marscher, Alan P","first_name":"Alan P"},{"full_name":"Marshall, Herman L","last_name":"Marshall","first_name":"Herman L"},{"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Massaro","full_name":"Massaro, Francesco"},{"first_name":"Giorgio","last_name":"Matt","full_name":"Matt, Giorgio"},{"full_name":"Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki","last_name":"Mitsuishi","first_name":"Ikuyuki"},{"full_name":"Mizuno, Tsunefumi","last_name":"Mizuno","first_name":"Tsunefumi"},{"first_name":"Fabio","last_name":"Muleri","full_name":"Muleri, Fabio"},{"full_name":"Ng, C-Y","last_name":"Ng","first_name":"C-Y"},{"last_name":"O’Dell","full_name":"O’Dell, Stephen L","first_name":"Stephen L"},{"first_name":"Nicola","last_name":"Omodei","full_name":"Omodei, Nicola"},{"first_name":"Chiara","last_name":"Oppedisano","full_name":"Oppedisano, Chiara"},{"first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Papitto","full_name":"Papitto, Alessandro"},{"full_name":"Pavlov, George G","last_name":"Pavlov","first_name":"George G"},{"last_name":"Peirson","full_name":"Peirson, Abel Lawrence","first_name":"Abel Lawrence"},{"first_name":"Matteo","full_name":"Perri, Matteo","last_name":"Perri"},{"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"Pesce-Rollins","full_name":"Pesce-Rollins, Melissa"},{"first_name":"Pierre-Olivier","full_name":"Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier","last_name":"Petrucci"},{"first_name":"Maura","last_name":"Pilia","full_name":"Pilia, Maura"},{"full_name":"Possenti, Andrea","last_name":"Possenti","first_name":"Andrea"},{"first_name":"Juri","last_name":"Poutanen","full_name":"Poutanen, Juri"},{"full_name":"Puccetti, Simonetta","last_name":"Puccetti","first_name":"Simonetta"},{"first_name":"Brian D","last_name":"Ramsey","full_name":"Ramsey, Brian D"},{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Rankin","full_name":"Rankin, John"},{"first_name":"Ajay","full_name":"Ratheesh, Ajay","last_name":"Ratheesh"},{"first_name":"Oliver J","full_name":"Roberts, Oliver J","last_name":"Roberts"},{"first_name":"Roger W","full_name":"Romani, Roger W","last_name":"Romani"},{"first_name":"Carmelo","last_name":"Sgrò","full_name":"Sgrò, Carmelo"},{"full_name":"Slane, Patrick","last_name":"Slane","first_name":"Patrick"},{"first_name":"Paolo","full_name":"Soffitta, Paolo","last_name":"Soffitta"},{"full_name":"Spandre, Gloria","last_name":"Spandre","first_name":"Gloria"},{"last_name":"Swartz","full_name":"Swartz, Douglas A","first_name":"Douglas A"},{"full_name":"Tamagawa, Toru","last_name":"Tamagawa","first_name":"Toru"},{"last_name":"Tavecchio","full_name":"Tavecchio, Fabrizio","first_name":"Fabrizio"},{"first_name":"Yuzuru","full_name":"Tawara, Yuzuru","last_name":"Tawara"},{"first_name":"Allyn F","last_name":"Tennant","full_name":"Tennant, Allyn F"},{"first_name":"Nicholas E","full_name":"Thomas, Nicholas E","last_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Tombesi, Francesco","last_name":"Tombesi","first_name":"Francesco"},{"first_name":"Alessio","full_name":"Trois, Alessio","last_name":"Trois"},{"first_name":"Sergey S","last_name":"Tsygankov","full_name":"Tsygankov, Sergey S"},{"last_name":"Vink","full_name":"Vink, Jacco","first_name":"Jacco"},{"first_name":"Martin C","full_name":"Weisskopf, Martin C","last_name":"Weisskopf"},{"full_name":"Wu, Kinwah","last_name":"Wu","first_name":"Kinwah"},{"full_name":"Xie, Fei","last_name":"Xie","first_name":"Fei"}],"intvolume":"       527","volume":527,"date_published":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"12219-12231","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2023"},{"article_processing_charge":"No","page":"364-374","date_published":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","publisher":"Oxford University Press","author":[{"last_name":"Fleury","full_name":"Fleury, Leesa","first_name":"Leesa"},{"last_name":"Caiazzo","id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","first_name":"Ilaria","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388"},{"full_name":"Heyl, Jeremy","last_name":"Heyl","first_name":"Jeremy"}],"_id":"15199","extern":"1","issue":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2205.01015"]},"volume":520,"intvolume":"       520","arxiv":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","quality_controlled":"1","month":"01","publication_status":"published","day":"12","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad068","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01015","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ista":"Fleury L, Caiazzo I, Heyl J. 2023. The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 520(1), 364–374.","chicago":"Fleury, Leesa, Ilaria Caiazzo, and Jeremy Heyl. “The Origin of Ultramassive White Dwarfs: Hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad068\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad068</a>.","short":"L. Fleury, I. Caiazzo, J. Heyl, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 520 (2023) 364–374.","mla":"Fleury, Leesa, et al. “The Origin of Ultramassive White Dwarfs: Hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 520, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 364–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad068\">10.1093/mnras/stad068</a>.","apa":"Fleury, L., Caiazzo, I., &#38; Heyl, J. (2023). The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad068\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad068</a>","ama":"Fleury L, Caiazzo I, Heyl J. The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;520(1):364-374. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad068\">10.1093/mnras/stad068</a>","ieee":"L. Fleury, I. Caiazzo, and J. Heyl, “The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 520, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 364–374, 2023."},"keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"oa":1,"article_type":"original","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","title":"The origin of ultramassive white dwarfs: hints from <i>Gaia</i> EDR3","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-04-02T07:13:10Z","abstract":[{"text":"Gaia Data Release 2 revealed a population of ultramassive white dwarfs on the Q branch that are moving anomalously fast for a local disc population with their young photometric ages. As the velocity dispersion of stars in the local disc increases with age, a proposed explanation of these white dwarfs is that they experience a cooling delay that causes current cooling models to infer photometric ages much younger than their true ages. To explore this explanation, we investigate the kinematics of ultramassive white dwarfs within 200 pc of the Sun using the improved Gaia Early Data Release 3 observations. We analyse the transverse motions of 0.95–1.25 M⊙ white dwarfs, subdivided by mass and age, and determine the distributions of the three-dimensional components of the transverse velocities. The results are compared to expectations based on observed kinematics of local main-sequence stars. We find a population of photometrically young (∼0.5–1.5 Gyr) ultramassive (∼1.15–1.25 M⊙) white dwarfs for which the transverse velocity component in the direction of Galactic rotation is more dispersed than for local disc stars of any age; thus, it is too dispersed to be explained by any cooling delay in white dwarfs originating from the local disc. Furthermore, the dispersion ratio of the velocity components in the Galactic plane for this population is also inconsistent with a local disc origin. We discuss some possible explanations of this kinematically anomalous population, such as a halo origin or production through dynamical effects of stellar triple systems.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2024-03-26T09:48:27Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]}},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a systematic study of the unbinned, photon-by-photon likelihood technique which can be used as an alternative method to analyse phase-dependent, X-ray spectro-polarimetric observations obtained with IXPE and other photoelectric polarimeters. We apply the unbinned technique to models of the luminous X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1, for which we produce simulated observations using the IXPEOBSSIM package. We consider minimal knowledge about the actual physical process responsible for the polarized emission from the accreting pulsar and assume that the observed phase-dependent polarization angle can be described by the rotating vector model. Using the unbinned technique, the detector’s modulation factor, and the polarization information alone, we found that both the rotating vector model and the underlying spectro-polarimetry model can reconstruct equally well the geometric configuration angles of the accreting pulsar. However, the measured polarization fraction becomes biased with respect to the underlying model unless the energy dispersion and effective area of the detector are also taken into account. To this end, we present an energy-dispersed likelihood estimator that is proved to be unbiased. For different analyses, we obtain posterior distributions from multiple IXPEOBSSIM realizations and show that the unbinned technique yields \r\n smaller error bars than the binned technique. We also discuss alternative sources, such as magnetars, in which the unbinned technique and the rotating vector model might be applied."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"date_created":"2024-03-26T09:49:52Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_updated":"2024-04-02T07:14:49Z","type":"journal_article","article_type":"original","title":"Unbinned likelihood analysis for X-ray polarization","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"oa":1,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.00140"}],"status":"public","citation":{"short":"D. González-Caniulef, I. Caiazzo, J. Heyl, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519 (2023) 5902–5912.","mla":"González-Caniulef, Denis, et al. “Unbinned Likelihood Analysis for X-Ray Polarization.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 5902–12, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad033\">10.1093/mnras/stad033</a>.","chicago":"González-Caniulef, Denis, Ilaria Caiazzo, and Jeremy Heyl. “Unbinned Likelihood Analysis for X-Ray Polarization.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad033\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad033</a>.","ista":"González-Caniulef D, Caiazzo I, Heyl J. 2023. Unbinned likelihood analysis for X-ray polarization. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519(4), 5902–5912.","ieee":"D. González-Caniulef, I. Caiazzo, and J. Heyl, “Unbinned likelihood analysis for X-ray polarization,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 519, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5902–5912, 2023.","ama":"González-Caniulef D, Caiazzo I, Heyl J. Unbinned likelihood analysis for X-ray polarization. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;519(4):5902-5912. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad033\">10.1093/mnras/stad033</a>","apa":"González-Caniulef, D., Caiazzo, I., &#38; Heyl, J. (2023). Unbinned likelihood analysis for X-ray polarization. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad033\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad033</a>"},"scopus_import":"1","month":"01","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad033","day":"16","publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       519","volume":519,"issue":"4","_id":"15201","extern":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2204.00140"]},"author":[{"last_name":"González-Caniulef","full_name":"González-Caniulef, Denis","first_name":"Denis"},{"id":"8ae5b6e7-2a03-11ee-914d-b58ed7a3b47d","full_name":"Caiazzo, Ilaria","last_name":"Caiazzo","first_name":"Ilaria","orcid":"0000-0002-4770-5388"},{"first_name":"Jeremy","full_name":"Heyl, Jeremy","last_name":"Heyl"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2023","date_published":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"5902-5912"},{"year":"2023","publisher":"Oxford University Press","page":"5441-5454","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","volume":526,"intvolume":"       526","author":[{"full_name":"Krauth, Luke Major","last_name":"Krauth","first_name":"Luke Major"},{"first_name":"Jordy","last_name":"Davelaar","full_name":"Davelaar, Jordy"},{"last_name":"Westernacher-Schneider","full_name":"Westernacher-Schneider, John Ryan","first_name":"John Ryan"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"},{"first_name":"Jonathan","full_name":"Zrake, Jonathan","last_name":"Zrake"},{"full_name":"MacFadyen, Andrew","last_name":"MacFadyen","first_name":"Andrew"}],"extern":"1","_id":"17521","issue":"4","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"mla":"Krauth, Luke Major, et al. “Disappearing Thermal X-Ray Emission as a Tell-Tale Signature of Merging Massive Black Hole Binaries.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 5441–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>.","chicago":"Krauth, Luke Major, Jordy Davelaar, John Ryan Westernacher-Schneider, Zoltán Haiman, Jonathan Zrake, and Andrew MacFadyen. “Disappearing Thermal X-Ray Emission as a Tell-Tale Signature of Merging Massive Black Hole Binaries.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>.","short":"L.M. Krauth, J. Davelaar, J.R. Westernacher-Schneider, Z. Haiman, J. Zrake, A. MacFadyen, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 526 (2023) 5441–5454.","ista":"Krauth LM, Davelaar J, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Haiman Z, Zrake J, MacFadyen A. 2023. Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526(4), 5441–5454.","ieee":"L. M. Krauth, J. Davelaar, J. R. Westernacher-Schneider, Z. Haiman, J. Zrake, and A. MacFadyen, “Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5441–5454, 2023.","apa":"Krauth, L. M., Davelaar, J., Westernacher-Schneider, J. R., Haiman, Z., Zrake, J., &#38; MacFadyen, A. (2023). Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>","ama":"Krauth LM, Davelaar J, Westernacher-Schneider JR, Haiman Z, Zrake J, MacFadyen A. Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;526(4):5441-5454. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095\">10.1093/mnras/stad3095</a>"},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3095","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","day":"13","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3095","month":"10","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-09-10T14:43:04Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-05T09:20:27Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"text":"The upcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole binaries (MBHB). Finding the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts for these GW events will be crucial for understanding how and where MBHBs merge, measuring their redshifts, constraining the Hubble constant and the graviton mass, and for other novel science applications. However, due to poor GW sky localization, multiwavelength, time-dependent EM models are needed to identify the right host galaxy. We studied merging MBHBs embedded in a circumbinary disc (CBD) using high-resolution two-dimensional simulations, with a Γ-law equation of state, incorporating viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling. We simulate the binary from large separation until after merger, allowing us to model the decoupling of the binary from the CBD. We compute the EM signatures and identify distinct features before, during, and after the merger. Our main result is a multiband EM signature: we find that the MBHB produces strong thermal X-ray emission until 1–2 d prior to the merger. However, as the binary decouples from the CBD, the X-ray-bright minidiscs rapidly shrink in size, become disrupted, and the accretion rate drops precipitously. As a result, the thermal X-ray luminosity drops by orders of magnitude, and the source remains X-ray dark for several days, regardless of any post-merger effects such as GW recoil or mass-loss. Looking for the abrupt spectral change where the thermal X-ray disappears is a tell-tale EM signature of LISA mergers that does not require extensive pre-merger monitoring.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Disappearing thermal X-ray emission as a tell-tale signature of merging massive black hole binaries","article_type":"original"},{"oa":1,"title":"Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2024-09-11T07:39:21Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T09:22:35Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The early growth of black holes (BHs) in high-redshift galaxies is likely feedback regulated. While radiative feedback has been extensively studied, the role of mechanical feedback has received less scrutiny to date. Here, we use high-resolution parsec-scale hydrodynamical simulations to study jet propagation and its effect on 100 M⊙ BH accretion in the dense, low-metallicity gas expected in early protogalaxies. As the jet propagates, it shocks the surrounding gas forming a jet cocoon. The cocoon consists of a rapidly cooling cold phase at the interface with the background gas and an overpressured subsonic phase of reverse shock-heated gas filling the interior. We vary the background gas density and temperature, BH feedback efficiency, and the jet model. We found that the width of the jet cocoon roughly follows a scaling derived by assuming momentum conservation in the jet-propagation direction and energy conservation in the lateral directions. Depending on the assumed gas and jet properties, the cocoon either stays elongated to large radii or isotropizes before reaching the Bondi radius, forming a nearly spherical bubble. Lower jet velocities and higher background gas densities result in self-regulation to higher momentum fluxes and elongated cocoons. In all cases, the outward cocoon momentum flux balances the inward inflowing gas momentum flux near the Bondi radius, which ultimately regulates BH accretion. The time-averaged accretion rate always remains below the Bondi rate, and exceeds the Eddington rate only if the ambient medium is dense and cold, and/or the jet is weak (low velocity and mass loading)."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad252","day":"27","publication_status":"published","month":"01","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Su, Kung-Yi, Greg L Bryan, Zoltán Haiman, Rachel S Somerville, Christopher C Hayward, and Claude-André Faucher-Giguère. “Self-Regulation of Black Hole Accretion via Jets in Early Protogalaxies.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>.","short":"K.-Y. Su, G.L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, R.S. Somerville, C.C. Hayward, C.-A. Faucher-Giguère, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 520 (2023) 4258–4275.","mla":"Su, Kung-Yi, et al. “Self-Regulation of Black Hole Accretion via Jets in Early Protogalaxies.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 520, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 4258–75, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>.","ista":"Su K-Y, Bryan GL, Haiman Z, Somerville RS, Hayward CC, Faucher-Giguère C-A. 2023. Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 520(3), 4258–4275.","ieee":"K.-Y. Su, G. L. Bryan, Z. Haiman, R. S. Somerville, C. C. Hayward, and C.-A. Faucher-Giguère, “Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 520, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 4258–4275, 2023.","apa":"Su, K.-Y., Bryan, G. L., Haiman, Z., Somerville, R. S., Hayward, C. C., &#38; Faucher-Giguère, C.-A. (2023). Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>","ama":"Su K-Y, Bryan GL, Haiman Z, Somerville RS, Hayward CC, Faucher-Giguère C-A. Self-regulation of black hole accretion via jets in early protogalaxies. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;520(3):4258-4275. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252\">10.1093/mnras/stad252</a>"},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad252"}],"status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"Kung-Yi","full_name":"Su, Kung-Yi","last_name":"Su"},{"first_name":"Greg L","full_name":"Bryan, Greg L","last_name":"Bryan"},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán"},{"full_name":"Somerville, Rachel S","last_name":"Somerville","first_name":"Rachel S"},{"last_name":"Hayward","full_name":"Hayward, Christopher C","first_name":"Christopher C"},{"full_name":"Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André","last_name":"Faucher-Giguère","first_name":"Claude-André"}],"extern":"1","_id":"17522","issue":"3","volume":520,"intvolume":"       520","page":"4258-4275","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","publisher":"Oxford University Press"},{"date_published":"2023-09-05T00:00:00Z","page":"69-79","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2023","_id":"17527","extern":"1","issue":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Hiromichi","last_name":"Tagawa","full_name":"Tagawa, Hiromichi"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"intvolume":"       526","volume":526,"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad2616","day":"05","month":"09","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ieee":"H. Tagawa and Z. Haiman, “Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 69–79, 2023.","apa":"Tagawa, H., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>","ama":"Tagawa H, Haiman Z. Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;526(1):69-79. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>","mla":"Tagawa, Hiromichi, and Zoltán Haiman. “Flares from Stars Crossing Active Galactic Nucleus Discs on Low-Inclination Orbits.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 526, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 69–79, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>.","chicago":"Tagawa, Hiromichi, and Zoltán Haiman. “Flares from Stars Crossing Active Galactic Nucleus Discs on Low-Inclination Orbits.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616</a>.","short":"H. Tagawa, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 526 (2023) 69–79.","ista":"Tagawa H, Haiman Z. 2023. Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526(1), 69–79."},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2616"}],"scopus_import":"1","title":"Flares from stars crossing active galactic nucleus discs on low-inclination orbits","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","article_type":"original","oa":1,"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-05T09:30:18Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The origin of the recently discovered new class of transients, X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs), remains a puzzle. Due to their periodicity and association with active galactic nuclei (AGNs), it is natural to relate these eruptions to stars or compact objects in tight orbits around supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this paper, we predict the properties of emission from bow shocks produced by stars crossing AGN discs, and compare them to the observed properties of QPEs. We find that when a star’s orbit is retrograde and has a low inclination (≲40°) with respect to the AGN disc and the star is massive (≳10 M⊙), the breakout emission from the bow shock can explain the observed duration (∼hours) and X-ray luminosity (∼few × 1042 erg s−1) of QPEs. This model can further explain various observed features of QPEs, such as their complex luminosity evolution, the gradual decline of luminosity of the flares over several years, the evolution of the hardness ratio, the modulation of the luminosity during quiescent phases, and the preference of the central SMBHs to have low masses."}],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-09-11T08:52:17Z"},{"year":"2023","publisher":"Oxford University Press","page":"1126-1139","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","volume":523,"intvolume":"       523","author":[{"last_name":"DeLaurentiis","full_name":"DeLaurentiis, Stanislav","first_name":"Stanislav"},{"full_name":"Epstein-Martin, Marguerite","last_name":"Epstein-Martin","first_name":"Marguerite"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"}],"issue":"1","_id":"17539","extern":"1","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ieee":"S. DeLaurentiis, M. Epstein-Martin, and Z. Haiman, “Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 523, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1126–1139, 2023.","apa":"DeLaurentiis, S., Epstein-Martin, M., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>","ama":"DeLaurentiis S, Epstein-Martin M, Haiman Z. Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;523(1):1126-1139. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>","mla":"DeLaurentiis, Stanislav, et al. “Gas Dynamical Friction as a Binary Formation Mechanism in AGN Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 523, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 1126–39, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>.","short":"S. DeLaurentiis, M. Epstein-Martin, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 523 (2023) 1126–1139.","chicago":"DeLaurentiis, Stanislav, Marguerite Epstein-Martin, and Zoltán Haiman. “Gas Dynamical Friction as a Binary Formation Mechanism in AGN Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412</a>.","ista":"DeLaurentiis S, Epstein-Martin M, Haiman Z. 2023. Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 523(1), 1126–1139."},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1412"}],"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1412","day":"10","publication_status":"published","month":"05","date_updated":"2024-09-12T09:46:18Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T09:53:03Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In this paper, we study how gaseous dynamical friction (DF) affects the motion of fly-by stellar-mass black holes (sBHs) embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) discs. We perform three-body integrations of the interaction of two co-planar sBHs in nearby, initially circular orbits around the supermassive black hole. We find that DF can facilitate the formation of gravitationally bound near-Keplerian binaries in AGN discs, and we delineate the discrete ranges of impact parameters and AGN disc parameters for which such captures occur. We also report trends in the bound binaries’ eccentricity and sense of rotation (prograde or retrograde with respect to the background AGN disc) as a function of the impact parameter of the initial encounter. While based on an approximate description of gaseous friction, our results suggest that binary formation in AGN discs should be common and may produce both prograde and retrograde, as well as both circular and eccentric binaries."}],"oa":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Gas dynamical friction as a binary formation mechanism in AGN discs","article_type":"original"},{"volume":522,"intvolume":"       522","author":[{"full_name":"Franchini, Alessia","last_name":"Franchini","first_name":"Alessia"},{"first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Lupi, Alessandro","last_name":"Lupi"},{"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Sesana","full_name":"Sesana, Alberto"},{"last_name":"Haiman","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"extern":"1","_id":"17548","issue":"1","year":"2023","publisher":"Oxford University Press","page":"1569-1574","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2024-09-18T09:30:21Z","type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-05T10:08:46Z","abstract":[{"text":"The shrinking of a binary orbit driven by the interaction with a gaseous circumbinary disc, initially advocated as a potential way to catalyse the binary merger, has recently been debated in the case of geometrically thick (i.e. with H/R ≳ 0.1) discs. However, a clear consensus is still missing mainly owing to numerical limitations, such as fixed orbit binaries or lack of resolution inside the cavity carved by the binary in its circumbinary disc. In this work, we assess the importance of evolving the binary orbit by means of hydrodynamic simulations performed with the code gizmo in meshless finite mass mode. In order to model the interaction between equal mass circular binaries and their locally isothermal circumbinary discs, we enforce hyper-Lagrangian resolution inside the cavity. We find that fixing the binary orbit ultimately leads to an overestimate of the gravitational torque that the gas exerts on the binary and an underestimate of the torque due to the accretion of material on to the binary components. Furthermore, we find that the modulation of the accretion rate on the binary orbital period is strongly suppressed in the fixed orbit simulation, while it is clearly present in the live binary simulations. This has potential implications for the prediction of the observable periodicities in massive black hole binary candidates.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","citation":{"ista":"Franchini A, Lupi A, Sesana A, Haiman Z. 2023. The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 522(1), 1569–1574.","chicago":"Franchini, Alessia, Alessandro Lupi, Alberto Sesana, and Zoltán Haiman. “The Importance of Live Binary Evolution in Numerical Simulations of Binaries Embedded in Circumbinary Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>.","mla":"Franchini, Alessia, et al. “The Importance of Live Binary Evolution in Numerical Simulations of Binaries Embedded in Circumbinary Discs.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 522, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 1569–74, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>.","short":"A. Franchini, A. Lupi, A. Sesana, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 522 (2023) 1569–1574.","ama":"Franchini A, Lupi A, Sesana A, Haiman Z. The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;522(1):1569-1574. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>","apa":"Franchini, A., Lupi, A., Sesana, A., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070</a>","ieee":"A. Franchini, A. Lupi, A. Sesana, and Z. Haiman, “The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 522, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1569–1574, 2023."},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1070"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1070","day":"12","publication_status":"published","month":"04"},{"intvolume":"       521","volume":521,"extern":"1","_id":"17551","issue":"2","author":[{"first_name":"Tianhuan","full_name":"Lu, Tianhuan","last_name":"Lu"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman"},{"full_name":"Li, Xiangchong","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Xiangchong"}],"publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2023","date_published":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","page":"2050-2066","article_processing_charge":"No","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"date_created":"2024-09-05T10:14:34Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","abstract":[{"text":"We present cosmological constraints from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) first-year weak lensing shear catalogue using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and conventional summary statistics. We crop 19 3×3deg2 sub-fields from the first-year area, divide the galaxies with redshift 0.3≤z≤1.5 into four equally-spaced redshift bins, and perform tomographic analyses. We develop a pipeline to generate simulated convergence maps from cosmological N-body simulations, where we account for effects such as intrinsic alignments (IAs), baryons, photometric redshift errors, and point spread function errors, to match characteristics of the real catalogue. We train CNNs that can predict the underlying parameters from the simulated maps, and we use them to construct likelihood functions for Bayesian analyses. In the Λ cold dark matter model with two free cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8, we find Ωm=0.278+0.037−0.035, S8≡(Ωm/0.3)0.5σ8=0.793+0.017−0.018, and the IA amplitude AIA=0.20+0.55−0.58. In a model with four additional free baryonic parameters, we find Ωm=0.268+0.040−0.036, S8=0.819+0.034−0.024, and AIA=−0.16+0.59−0.58, with the baryonic parameters not being well-constrained. We also find that statistical uncertainties of the parameters by the CNNs are smaller than those from the power spectrum (5--24 percent smaller for S8 and a factor of 2.5--3.0 smaller for Ωm), showing the effectiveness of CNNs for uncovering additional cosmological information from the HSC data. With baryons, the S8 discrepancy between HSC first-year data and Planck 2018 is reduced from ∼2.2σ to 0.3--0.5σ.","lang":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-09-18T10:09:01Z","type":"journal_article","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning","article_type":"original","oa":1,"citation":{"ista":"Lu T, Haiman Z, Li X. 2023. Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 521(2), 2050–2066.","mla":"Lu, Tianhuan, et al. “Cosmological Constraints from HSC Survey First-Year Data Using Deep Learning.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 521, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 2050–66, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>.","short":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, X. Li, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 521 (2023) 2050–2066.","chicago":"Lu, Tianhuan, Zoltán Haiman, and Xiangchong Li. “Cosmological Constraints from HSC Survey First-Year Data Using Deep Learning.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>.","ama":"Lu T, Haiman Z, Li X. Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;521(2):2050-2066. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>","apa":"Lu, T., Haiman, Z., &#38; Li, X. (2023). Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686</a>","ieee":"T. Lu, Z. Haiman, and X. Li, “Cosmological constraints from HSC survey first-year data using deep learning,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 521, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2050–2066, 2023."},"status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad686"}],"scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad686","day":"06","publication_status":"published","month":"03","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1"},{"issue":"4","_id":"17557","extern":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Connar","full_name":"Rowan, Connar","last_name":"Rowan"},{"last_name":"Whitehead","full_name":"Whitehead, Henry","first_name":"Henry"},{"full_name":"Boekholt, Tjarda","last_name":"Boekholt","first_name":"Tjarda"},{"full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","last_name":"Kocsis","first_name":"Bence"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman"}],"intvolume":"       527","volume":527,"date_published":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","page":"10448-10468","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","year":"2023","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings","article_type":"original","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-05T10:32:08Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The black hole (BH) binaries in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are expected to form mainly through scattering encounters in the ambient gaseous medium. Recent simulations, including our own, have confirmed this formation pathway is highly efficient. We perform 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of BH scattering encounters in AGN discs. Using a range of impact parameters, we probe the necessary conditions for binary capture and how different orbital trajectories affect the dissipative effects from the gas. We identify a single range of impact parameters, typically of width ∼0.86−1.59 binary Hill radii depending on AGN disc density, that reliably leads to binary formation. The periapsis of the first encounter is the primary variable that determines the outcome of the initial scattering. We find an associated power law between the energy dissipated and the periapsis depth to be ΔE ∝ r−b with b = 0.42 ± 0.16, where deeper encounters dissipate more energy. Excluding accretion physics does not significantly alter these results. We identify the region of parameter space in initial energy versus impact parameter where a scattering leads to binary formation. Based on our findings, we provide a ready-to-use analytic criterion that utilizes these two pre-encounter parameters to determine the outcome of an encounter, with a reliability rate of &amp;gt;90 per cent. As the criterion is based directly on our simulations, it provides a reliable and highly physically motivated criterion for predicting binary scattering outcomes which can be used in population studies of BH binaries and mergers around AGN."}],"date_updated":"2024-09-18T12:11:28Z","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad3641","publication_status":"published","month":"01","quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Rowan C, Whitehead H, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;527(4):10448-10468. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>","apa":"Rowan, C., Whitehead, H., Boekholt, T., Kocsis, B., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press (OUP). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>","ieee":"C. Rowan, H. Whitehead, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, and Z. Haiman, “Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4. Oxford University Press (OUP), pp. 10448–10468, 2023.","ista":"Rowan C, Whitehead H, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. 2023. Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527(4), 10448–10468.","mla":"Rowan, Connar, et al. “Black Hole Binaries in AGN Accretion Discs – II. Gas Effects on Black Hole Satellite Scatterings.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 527, no. 4, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023, pp. 10448–68, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>.","chicago":"Rowan, Connar, Henry Whitehead, Tjarda Boekholt, Bence Kocsis, and Zoltán Haiman. “Black Hole Binaries in AGN Accretion Discs – II. Gas Effects on Black Hole Satellite Scatterings.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641</a>.","short":"C. Rowan, H. Whitehead, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (2023) 10448–10468."},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3641","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","scopus_import":"1"},{"date_published":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"2770-2796","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2023","extern":"1","_id":"17602","issue":"2","author":[{"last_name":"Rowan","full_name":"Rowan, Connar","first_name":"Connar"},{"last_name":"Boekholt","full_name":"Boekholt, Tjarda","first_name":"Tjarda"},{"first_name":"Bence","full_name":"Kocsis, Bence","last_name":"Kocsis"},{"id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán"}],"intvolume":"       524","volume":524,"month":"07","publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stad1926","day":"03","quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926"}],"citation":{"ieee":"C. Rowan, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, and Z. Haiman, “Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 524, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 2770–2796, 2023.","apa":"Rowan, C., Boekholt, T., Kocsis, B., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2023). Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>","ama":"Rowan C, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2023;524(2):2770-2796. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>","mla":"Rowan, Connar, et al. “Black Hole Binary Formation in AGN Discs: From Isolation to Merger.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 524, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2023, pp. 2770–96, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>.","chicago":"Rowan, Connar, Tjarda Boekholt, Bence Kocsis, and Zoltán Haiman. “Black Hole Binary Formation in AGN Discs: From Isolation to Merger.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1926</a>.","short":"C. Rowan, T. Boekholt, B. Kocsis, Z. Haiman, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 524 (2023) 2770–2796.","ista":"Rowan C, Boekholt T, Kocsis B, Haiman Z. 2023. Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 524(2), 2770–2796."},"scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","title":"Black hole binary formation in AGN discs: from isolation to merger","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Motivated by the increasing number of detections of merging black holes by LIGO-VIRGO-KAGRA, black hole (BH) binary mergers in the discs of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is investigated as a possible merger channel. In this pathway, BH encounters in the gas disc form mutually bound BH binary systems through interaction with the gas in the disc and subsequently inspiral through gravitational torques induced by the local gas. To determine the feasibility of this merger pathway, we present the first three-dimensional global hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and evolution of a stellar-mass BH binaries AGN discs with three different AGN disc masses and five different initial radial separations. These 15 simulations show binary capture of prograde and retrograde binaries can be successful in a range of disc densities including cases well below that of a standard radiatively efficient alpha disc, identifying that the majority of these captured binaries are then subsequently hardened by the surrounding gas. The eccentricity evolution depends strongly on the orbital rotation where prograde binaries are governed by gravitational torques form their circumbinary mini disc, with eccentricities being damped, while for retrograde binaries the eccentricities are excited to >∼ 0.9 by accretion torques. In two cases, retrograde binaries ultimately undergo a close periapsis passage which results in a merger via gravitational waves after only a few thousand binary orbits. Thus, the merger time-scale can be far shorter than the AGN disc lifetime. These simulations support an efficient AGN disc merger pathway for BHs."}],"date_created":"2024-09-05T13:09:11Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966"]},"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-09-23T13:42:19Z"},{"volume":512,"intvolume":"       512","author":[{"first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","last_name":"Matthee"},{"full_name":"Naidu, Rohan P.","last_name":"Naidu","first_name":"Rohan P."},{"last_name":"Pezzulli","full_name":"Pezzulli, Gabriele","first_name":"Gabriele"},{"last_name":"Gronke","full_name":"Gronke, Max","first_name":"Max"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Sobral, David","last_name":"Sobral"},{"first_name":"Pascal A.","full_name":"Oesch, Pascal A.","last_name":"Oesch"},{"first_name":"Matthew","full_name":"Hayes, Matthew","last_name":"Hayes"},{"full_name":"Erb, Dawn","last_name":"Erb","first_name":"Dawn"},{"full_name":"Schaerer, Daniel","last_name":"Schaerer","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Amorín","full_name":"Amorín, Ricardo"},{"first_name":"Sandro","last_name":"Tacchella","full_name":"Tacchella, Sandro"},{"full_name":"Ana Paulino-Afonso, Ana Paulino-Afonso","last_name":"Ana Paulino-Afonso","first_name":"Ana Paulino-Afonso"},{"full_name":"Llerena, Mario","last_name":"Llerena","first_name":"Mario"},{"first_name":"João","last_name":"Calhau","full_name":"Calhau, João"},{"full_name":"Röttgering, Huub","last_name":"Röttgering","first_name":"Huub"}],"_id":"11521","extern":"1","issue":"4","external_id":{"arxiv":["2110.11967"]},"year":"2022","publisher":"Oxford University Press","article_processing_charge":"No","page":"5960-5977","date_published":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2024-10-14T11:32:26Z","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"text":"The cosmic ionizing emissivity from star-forming galaxies has long been anchored to UV luminosity functions. Here, we introduce an emissivity framework based on Lyα emitters (LAEs), which naturally hones in on the subset of galaxies responsible for the ionizing background due to the intimate connection between production and escape of Lyα and LyC photons. Using constraints on the escape fractions of bright LAEs (LLyα > 0.2L*) at z ≈ 2 obtained from resolved Lyα profiles, and arguing for their redshift-invariance, we show that: (i) quasars and LAEs together reproduce the relatively flat emissivity at z ≈ 2–6, which is non-trivial given the strong evolution in both the star formation density and quasar number density at these epochs and (ii) LAEs produce late and rapid reionization between z ≈ 6−9 under plausible assumptions. Within this framework, the >10 × rise in the UV population-averaged fesc between z ≈ 3–7 naturally arises due to the same phenomena that drive the growing LAE fraction with redshift. Generally, a LAE dominated emissivity yields a peak in the distribution of the ionizing budget with UV luminosity as reported in latest simulations. Using our adopted parameters (⁠fesc=50 per cent⁠, ξion = 1025.9 Hz erg−1 for half the bright LAEs), a highly ionizing minority of galaxies with MUV < −17 accounts for the entire ionizing budget from star-forming galaxies. Rapid flashes of LyC from such rare galaxies produce a ‘disco’ ionizing background. We conclude proposing tests to further develop our suggested Lyα-anchored formalism.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","date_created":"2022-07-07T09:21:30Z","keyword":["galaxies: high-redshift","intergalactic medium","cosmology: observations","dark ages","reionization","first stars","ultraviolet: galaxies"],"oa":1,"article_type":"original","title":"(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","acknowledgement":"We thank an anonymous referee for an encouraging and constructive report that helped improving the quality of this work. We acknowledge illuminating conversations with Xiaohan Wu, Chris Cain, Anna-Christina Eilers, Simon Lilly and Ruari Mackenzie. RPN gratefully acknowledges an Ashford Fellowship granted by Harvard University. MG was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51409. PO acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF Professorship grant 190079. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA). MH is fellow of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. DE is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through Astronomy & Astrophysics grant AST-1909198. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. RA acknowledges support from Fondecyt Regular Grant 1202007. ST is supported by the 2021 Research Fund 1.210134.01 of UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology). MLl acknowledges support from the ANID/Scholarship Program/Doctorado Nacional/2019-21191036. JC acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project PID2019-107408GB-C43 (ESTALLIDOS) and from Gobierno de Canarias through EU FEDER funding, project PID2020010050.","scopus_import":"1","status":"public","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11967","open_access":"1"}],"citation":{"ista":"Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Pezzulli G, Gronke M, Sobral D, Oesch PA, Hayes M, Erb D, Schaerer D, Amorín R, Tacchella S, Ana Paulino-Afonso AP-A, Llerena M, Calhau J, Röttgering H. 2022. (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 512(4), 5960–5977.","mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “(Re)Solving Reionization with Lyα: How Bright Lyα Emitters Account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 Cosmic Ionizing Background.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 512, no. 4, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 5960–77, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801\">10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>.","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, Rohan P. Naidu, Gabriele Pezzulli, Max Gronke, David Sobral, Pascal A. Oesch, Matthew Hayes, et al. “(Re)Solving Reionization with Lyα: How Bright Lyα Emitters Account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 Cosmic Ionizing Background.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>.","short":"J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, G. Pezzulli, M. Gronke, D. Sobral, P.A. Oesch, M. Hayes, D. Erb, D. Schaerer, R. Amorín, S. Tacchella, A.P.-A. Ana Paulino-Afonso, M. Llerena, J. Calhau, H. Röttgering, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512 (2022) 5960–5977.","ama":"Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Pezzulli G, et al. (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;512(4):5960-5977. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801\">10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Pezzulli, G., Gronke, M., Sobral, D., Oesch, P. A., … Röttgering, H. (2022). (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 512, no. 4. Oxford University Press, pp. 5960–5977, 2022."},"arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","month":"06","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac801","day":"01","publication_status":"published"}]