[{"title":"APOKASC-3: The third joint spectroscopic and asteroseismic catalog for evolved stars in the Kepler fields","publication":"Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series","date_created":"2025-03-16T23:01:24Z","acknowledgement":"We thank the anonymous referee for providing constructive comments that improved the paper. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. M.H.P. acknowledges support from NASA grants 80NSSC24K0637 and 80NSSC18K1582. M.H.P., J.T., and P.M.F. acknowledge that part of this work was performed at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant PHY-1607611. M.H.P. acknowledges support from the Fundación Occident and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias under the Visiting Researcher Programme 2022-2025 agreed between both institutions. A.S. acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the grant PID2023-149918NB-I00 and the program Unidad de Excelencia Marìa de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, and by Generalitat de Catalunya through grant 2021-SGR-1526. S.B. acknowledges NSF grant AST-2205026. P.G.B. acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramón y Cajal fellowship Nos. RYC-2021-033137-I and MRR4032204. D.S. is supported by the Australian Research Council (DP190100666). P.G.B., D.G.R., and R.A.G. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation from grant No. PID2023-146453NB-100 (PLAtoSOnG). M.V. acknowledges support from NASA grant 80NSSC18K1582 and funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 101019653). T.C.B. acknowledges partial support for this work from grant PHY 14-30152; Physics Frontier Center/JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE), and OISE-1927130: The International Research Network for Nuclear Astrophysics (IReNA), awarded by the US National Science Foundation. The research leading to the presented results has received funding from the ERC Consolidator Grant DipolarSound (grant agreement No. 101000296). P.F. and T.S. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics grants AST-1715662 and AST-2206541. S.M. acknowledges support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship Nos. RYC-2015-17697, PID2019-107061GB-C66, and PID2023-149439NB-C41, and through AEI under the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence Programme 2020–2023 (CEX2019-000920-S). S.M. and D.G.R. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) from grant No. PID2019-107187GB-I00. D.G.R. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) with the Juan de la Cierva program under contract JDC2022-049054-I. L.B. gratefully acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon Europe program (Calcifer; Starting grant agreement No. 101165631). A.R.G.S. acknowledges the support from the FCT through national funds and FEDER through COMPETE2020 (UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, and 2022.03993.PTDC) and the support from the FCT through work contract No. 2020.02480.CEECIND/CP1631/CT0001.\r\n\r\nFunding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss4.org.\r\n\r\nSDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatório Nacional/MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University.","user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","arxiv":1,"date_updated":"2025-09-30T11:03:01Z","OA_place":"publisher","file":[{"success":1,"file_id":"19414","date_created":"2025-03-17T10:40:41Z","date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:40:41Z","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"a01a6645c6cb0b5cc75490f3339a2244","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2025_AstrophysicalJourSuppl_Pinsonneault.pdf","file_size":4993506,"creator":"dernst"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the third APOKASC catalog, we present data for the complete sample of 15,808 evolved stars with APOGEE spectroscopic parameters and Kepler asteroseismology. We used 10 independent asteroseismic analysis techniques and anchor our system on fundamental radii derived from Gaia L and spectroscopic Teff. We provide evolutionary state, asteroseismic surface gravity, mass, radius, age, and the data used to derive them for 12,418 stars. This includes 10,036 exceptionally precise measurements, with median fractional uncertainties in \r\nvmax, Δν, mass, radius, and age of 0.6%, 0.6%, 3.8%, 1.8%, and 11.1%, respectively. We provide more limited data for 1624 additional stars that either have lower-quality data or are outside of our primary calibration domain. Using lower red giant branch (RGB) stars, we find a median age for the chemical thick disk of 9.14 ± 0.05(ran) ± 0.9(sys) Gyr with an age dispersion of 1.1 Gyr, consistent with our error model. We calibrate our red clump (RC) mass loss to derive an age consistent with the lower RGB and provide asymptotic GB and RGB ages for luminous stars. We also find a sharp upper-age boundary in the chemical thin disk. We find that scaling relations are precise and accurate on the lower RGB and RC, but they become more model dependent for more luminous giants and break down at the tip of the RGB. We recommend the use of multiple methods, calibration to a fundamental scale, and the use of stellar models to interpret frequency spacings."}],"oa":1,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Pinsonneault, Marc H.","first_name":"Marc H.","last_name":"Pinsonneault"},{"last_name":"Zinn","first_name":"Joel C.","full_name":"Zinn, Joel C."},{"last_name":"Tayar","first_name":"Jamie","full_name":"Tayar, Jamie"},{"full_name":"Serenelli, Aldo","first_name":"Aldo","last_name":"Serenelli"},{"first_name":"Rafael A.","full_name":"García, Rafael A.","last_name":"García"},{"first_name":"Savita","full_name":"Mathur, Savita","last_name":"Mathur"},{"last_name":"Vrard","full_name":"Vrard, Mathieu","first_name":"Mathieu"},{"last_name":"Elsworth","first_name":"Yvonne P.","full_name":"Elsworth, Yvonne P."},{"first_name":"Benoit","full_name":"Mosser, Benoit","last_name":"Mosser"},{"first_name":"Dennis","full_name":"Stello, Dennis","last_name":"Stello"},{"first_name":"Keaton J.","full_name":"Bell, Keaton J.","last_name":"Bell"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0142-4000","full_name":"Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle","id":"d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501","first_name":"Lisa Annabelle","last_name":"Bugnet"},{"last_name":"Corsaro","full_name":"Corsaro, Enrico","first_name":"Enrico"},{"first_name":"Patrick","full_name":"Gaulme, Patrick","last_name":"Gaulme"},{"last_name":"Hekker","full_name":"Hekker, Saskia","first_name":"Saskia"},{"first_name":"Marc","full_name":"Hon, Marc","last_name":"Hon"},{"full_name":"Huber, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Huber"},{"last_name":"Kallinger","first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Kallinger, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Cao","full_name":"Cao, Kaili","first_name":"Kaili"},{"first_name":"Jennifer A.","full_name":"Johnson, Jennifer A.","last_name":"Johnson"},{"first_name":"Bastien","full_name":"Liagre, Bastien","last_name":"Liagre"},{"full_name":"Patton, Rachel A.","first_name":"Rachel A.","last_name":"Patton"},{"last_name":"Santos","first_name":"Ângela R.G.","full_name":"Santos, Ângela R.G."},{"full_name":"Basu, Sarbani","first_name":"Sarbani","last_name":"Basu"},{"last_name":"Beck","first_name":"Paul G.","full_name":"Beck, Paul G."},{"last_name":"Beers","first_name":"Timothy C.","full_name":"Beers, Timothy C."},{"last_name":"Chaplin","first_name":"William J.","full_name":"Chaplin, William J."},{"last_name":"Cunha","full_name":"Cunha, Katia","first_name":"Katia"},{"last_name":"Frinchaboy","full_name":"Frinchaboy, Peter M.","first_name":"Peter M."},{"full_name":"Girardi, Léo","first_name":"Léo","last_name":"Girardi"},{"last_name":"Godoy-Rivera","full_name":"Godoy-Rivera, Diego","first_name":"Diego"},{"last_name":"Holtzman","full_name":"Holtzman, Jon A.","first_name":"Jon A."},{"last_name":"Jönsson","first_name":"Henrik","full_name":"Jönsson, Henrik"},{"last_name":"Mészáros","full_name":"Mészáros, Szabolcs","first_name":"Szabolcs"},{"full_name":"Reyes, Claudia","first_name":"Claudia","last_name":"Reyes"},{"last_name":"Rix","first_name":"Hans Walter","full_name":"Rix, Hans Walter"},{"last_name":"Shetrone","first_name":"Matthew","full_name":"Shetrone, Matthew"},{"full_name":"Smith, Verne V.","first_name":"Verne V.","last_name":"Smith"},{"last_name":"Spoo","full_name":"Spoo, Taylor","first_name":"Taylor"},{"last_name":"Stassun","first_name":"Keivan G.","full_name":"Stassun, Keivan G."},{"last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Ji","full_name":"Wang, Ji"}],"intvolume":"       276","issue":"2","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["001414132600001"],"arxiv":["2410.00102"]},"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2025-03-17T10:40:41Z","OA_type":"gold","citation":{"mla":"Pinsonneault, Marc H., et al. “APOKASC-3: The Third Joint Spectroscopic and Asteroseismic Catalog for Evolved Stars in the Kepler Fields.” <i>Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series</i>, vol. 276, no. 2, 69, IOP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef\">10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef</a>.","ista":"Pinsonneault MH, Zinn JC, Tayar J, Serenelli A, García RA, Mathur S, Vrard M, Elsworth YP, Mosser B, Stello D, Bell KJ, Bugnet LA, Corsaro E, Gaulme P, Hekker S, Hon M, Huber D, Kallinger T, Cao K, Johnson JA, Liagre B, Patton RA, Santos ÂRG, Basu S, Beck PG, Beers TC, Chaplin WJ, Cunha K, Frinchaboy PM, Girardi L, Godoy-Rivera D, Holtzman JA, Jönsson H, Mészáros S, Reyes C, Rix HW, Shetrone M, Smith VV, Spoo T, Stassun KG, Wang J. 2025. APOKASC-3: The third joint spectroscopic and asteroseismic catalog for evolved stars in the Kepler fields. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. 276(2), 69.","apa":"Pinsonneault, M. H., Zinn, J. C., Tayar, J., Serenelli, A., García, R. A., Mathur, S., … Wang, J. (2025). APOKASC-3: The third joint spectroscopic and asteroseismic catalog for evolved stars in the Kepler fields. <i>Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef</a>","ieee":"M. H. Pinsonneault <i>et al.</i>, “APOKASC-3: The third joint spectroscopic and asteroseismic catalog for evolved stars in the Kepler fields,” <i>Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series</i>, vol. 276, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2025.","ama":"Pinsonneault MH, Zinn JC, Tayar J, et al. APOKASC-3: The third joint spectroscopic and asteroseismic catalog for evolved stars in the Kepler fields. <i>Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series</i>. 2025;276(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef\">10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef</a>","chicago":"Pinsonneault, Marc H., Joel C. Zinn, Jamie Tayar, Aldo Serenelli, Rafael A. García, Savita Mathur, Mathieu Vrard, et al. “APOKASC-3: The Third Joint Spectroscopic and Asteroseismic Catalog for Evolved Stars in the Kepler Fields.” <i>Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series</i>. IOP Publishing, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef</a>.","short":"M.H. Pinsonneault, J.C. Zinn, J. Tayar, A. Serenelli, R.A. García, S. Mathur, M. Vrard, Y.P. Elsworth, B. Mosser, D. Stello, K.J. Bell, L.A. Bugnet, E. Corsaro, P. Gaulme, S. Hekker, M. Hon, D. Huber, T. Kallinger, K. Cao, J.A. Johnson, B. Liagre, R.A. Patton, Â.R.G. Santos, S. Basu, P.G. Beck, T.C. Beers, W.J. Chaplin, K. Cunha, P.M. Frinchaboy, L. Girardi, D. Godoy-Rivera, J.A. Holtzman, H. Jönsson, S. Mészáros, C. Reyes, H.W. Rix, M. Shetrone, V.V. Smith, T. Spoo, K.G. Stassun, J. Wang, Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 276 (2025)."},"date_published":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2025","publication_status":"published","status":"public","type":"journal_article","month":"02","oa_version":"Published Version","DOAJ_listed":"1","department":[{"_id":"LiBu"}],"scopus_import":"1","ddc":["520"],"isi":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","article_type":"original","article_number":"69","tmp":{"short":"CC BY (4.0)","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png"},"doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad9fef","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0067-0049"]},"_id":"19405","volume":276},{"status":"public","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2020","citation":{"mla":"Zinn, Joel C., et al. “The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 2: Asteroseismic Results from Campaigns 4, 6, and 7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 251, no. 2, 23, IOP Publishing, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3\">10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3</a>.","ieee":"J. C. Zinn <i>et al.</i>, “The K2 galactic archaeology program data release 2: Asteroseismic results from campaigns 4, 6, and 7,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 251, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2020.","ama":"Zinn JC, Stello D, Elsworth Y, et al. The K2 galactic archaeology program data release 2: Asteroseismic results from campaigns 4, 6, and 7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. 2020;251(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3\">10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3</a>","apa":"Zinn, J. C., Stello, D., Elsworth, Y., García, R. A., Kallinger, T., Mathur, S., … Miglio, A. (2020). The K2 galactic archaeology program data release 2: Asteroseismic results from campaigns 4, 6, and 7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3</a>","ista":"Zinn JC, Stello D, Elsworth Y, García RA, Kallinger T, Mathur S, Mosser B, Bugnet LA, Jones C, Hon M, Sharma S, Schönrich R, Warfield JT, Luger R, Pinsonneault MH, Johnson JA, Huber D, Aguirre VS, Chaplin WJ, Davies GR, Miglio A. 2020. The K2 galactic archaeology program data release 2: Asteroseismic results from campaigns 4, 6, and 7. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 251(2), 23.","chicago":"Zinn, Joel C., Dennis Stello, Yvonne Elsworth, Rafael A. García, Thomas Kallinger, Savita Mathur, Benoît Mosser, et al. “The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program Data Release 2: Asteroseismic Results from Campaigns 4, 6, and 7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. IOP Publishing, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3</a>.","short":"J.C. Zinn, D. Stello, Y. Elsworth, R.A. García, T. Kallinger, S. Mathur, B. Mosser, L.A. Bugnet, C. Jones, M. Hon, S. Sharma, R. Schönrich, J.T. Warfield, R. Luger, M.H. Pinsonneault, J.A. Johnson, D. Huber, V.S. Aguirre, W.J. Chaplin, G.R. Davies, A. Miglio, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 251 (2020)."},"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["2012.04051"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","intvolume":"       251","author":[{"last_name":"Zinn","first_name":"Joel C.","full_name":"Zinn, Joel C."},{"first_name":"Dennis","full_name":"Stello, Dennis","last_name":"Stello"},{"full_name":"Elsworth, Yvonne","first_name":"Yvonne","last_name":"Elsworth"},{"last_name":"García","full_name":"García, Rafael A.","first_name":"Rafael A."},{"full_name":"Kallinger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Kallinger"},{"last_name":"Mathur","full_name":"Mathur, Savita","first_name":"Savita"},{"last_name":"Mosser","first_name":"Benoît","full_name":"Mosser, Benoît"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0142-4000","id":"d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501","full_name":"Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle","first_name":"Lisa Annabelle","last_name":"Bugnet"},{"last_name":"Jones","first_name":"Caitlin","full_name":"Jones, Caitlin"},{"full_name":"Hon, Marc","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Hon"},{"first_name":"Sanjib","full_name":"Sharma, Sanjib","last_name":"Sharma"},{"full_name":"Schönrich, Ralph","first_name":"Ralph","last_name":"Schönrich"},{"full_name":"Warfield, Jack T.","first_name":"Jack T.","last_name":"Warfield"},{"last_name":"Luger","first_name":"Rodrigo","full_name":"Luger, Rodrigo"},{"last_name":"Pinsonneault","first_name":"Marc H.","full_name":"Pinsonneault, Marc H."},{"last_name":"Johnson","first_name":"Jennifer A.","full_name":"Johnson, Jennifer A."},{"last_name":"Huber","full_name":"Huber, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Aguirre","first_name":"Victor Silva","full_name":"Aguirre, Victor Silva"},{"last_name":"Chaplin","first_name":"William J.","full_name":"Chaplin, William J."},{"full_name":"Davies, Guy R.","first_name":"Guy R.","last_name":"Davies"},{"full_name":"Miglio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Miglio"}],"publisher":"IOP Publishing","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Studies of Galactic structure and evolution have benefited enormously from Gaia kinematic information, though additional, intrinsic stellar parameters like age are required to best constrain Galactic models. Asteroseismology is the most precise method of providing such information for field star populations en masse, but existing samples for the most part have been limited to a few narrow fields of view by the CoRoT and Kepler missions. In an effort to provide well-characterized stellar parameters across a wide range in Galactic position, we present the second data release of red giant asteroseismic parameters for the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program (GAP). We provide ${\\nu }_{\\max }$ and ${\\rm{\\Delta }}\\nu $ based on six independent pipeline analyses; first-ascent red giant branch (RGB) and red clump (RC) evolutionary state classifications from machine learning; and ready-to-use radius and mass coefficients, κR and κM, which, when appropriately multiplied by a solar-scaled effective temperature factor, yield physical stellar radii and masses. In total, we report 4395 radius and mass coefficients, with typical uncertainties of 3.3% (stat.) ± 1% (syst.) for κR and 7.7% (stat.) ± 2% (syst.) for κM among RGB stars, and 5.0% (stat.) ± 1% (syst.) for κR and 10.5% (stat.) ± 2% (syst.) for κM among RC stars. We verify that the sample is nearly complete—except for a dearth of stars with ${\\nu }_{\\max }\\lesssim 10\\mbox{--}20\\,\\mu \\mathrm{Hz}$—by comparing to Galactic models and visual inspection. Our asteroseismic radii agree with radii derived from Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes to within 2.2% ± 0.3% for RGB stars and 2.0% ± 0.6% for RC stars.","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.04051","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2022-08-22T07:04:45Z","arxiv":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for comments that strengthened the manuscript. J. C. Z. and M. H. P. acknowledge support from NASA grants 80NSSC18K0391 and NNX17AJ40G. Y. E. and C. J. acknowledge the support of the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). S. M. would like to acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry with the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. R. A. G. acknowledges funding received from the PLATO CNES grant. R. S. acknowledges funding via a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. D.H. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC19K0108). V.S.A. acknowledges support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Research grant 7027-00096B), and the Carlsberg foundation (grant agreement CF19-0649). This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. NSF PHY-1748958.\r\n\r\nFunding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC) is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (grant agreement No. DNRF106).\r\n\r\nThe K2 Galactic Archaeology Program is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NNX16AJ17G issued through the K2 Guest Observer Program.\r\n\r\nThis publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.\r\n\r\nThis work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.\r\n\r\nFunding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss.org.\r\n\r\nSDSS-IV is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration, including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatário Nacional/MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University.\r\n\r\nSoftware: asfgrid (Sharma & Stello 2016), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), NumPy (Walt 2011), pandas (McKinney 2010; Reback et al. 2020), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), IPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020).","date_created":"2022-07-18T13:27:26Z","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics"],"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","title":"The K2 galactic archaeology program data release 2: Asteroseismic results from campaigns 4, 6, and 7","volume":251,"_id":"11610","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1538-4365"],"issn":["0067-0049"]},"doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/abbee3","day":"01","article_number":"23","article_type":"original","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"12","type":"journal_article"},{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","arxiv":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05222","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2022-08-22T08:10:38Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","methods: data analysis","stars: activity","stars: low-mass","stars: rotation","starspots","techniques: photometric"],"title":"Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets. I. M and K main-sequence stars","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Róbert Szabó Paul G. Beck, Katrien Kolenberg, and Isabel L. Colman for helping on the classification of stars. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Science Mission Directorate. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. A.R.G.S. acknowledges the support from NASA under grant NNX17AF27G. R.A.G. and L.B. acknowledge the support from PLATO and GOLF CNES grants. S.M. acknowledges the support from the Ramon y Cajal fellowship number RYC-2015-17697. T.S.M. acknowledges support from a Visiting Fellowship at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.\r\n\r\nSoftware: KADACS (García et al. 2011), NumPy (van der Walt et al. 2011), SciPy (Jones et al. 2001), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007).\r\n\r\nFacilities: MAST - , Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog - , Exoplanet Archive. -","date_created":"2022-07-19T09:21:58Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","abstract":[{"text":"Brightness variations due to dark spots on the stellar surface encode information about stellar surface rotation and magnetic activity. In this work, we analyze the Kepler long-cadence data of 26,521 main-sequence stars of spectral types M and K in order to measure their surface rotation and photometric activity level. Rotation-period estimates are obtained by the combination of a wavelet analysis and autocorrelation function of the light curves. Reliable rotation estimates are determined by comparing the results from the different rotation diagnostics and four data sets. We also measure the photometric activity proxy Sph using the amplitude of the flux variations on an appropriate timescale. We report rotation periods and photometric activity proxies for about 60% of the sample, including 4431 targets for which McQuillan et al. did not report a rotation period. For the common targets with rotation estimates in this study and in McQuillan et al., our rotation periods agree within 99%. In this work, we also identify potential polluters, such as misclassified red giants and classical pulsator candidates. Within the parameter range we study, there is a mild tendency for hotter stars to have shorter rotation periods. The photometric activity proxy spans a wider range of values with increasing effective temperature. The rotation period and photometric activity proxy are also related, with Sph being larger for fast rotators. Similar to McQuillan et al., we find a bimodal distribution of rotation periods.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"author":[{"last_name":"Santos","first_name":"A. R. G.","full_name":"Santos, A. R. G."},{"last_name":"García","full_name":"García, R. A.","first_name":"R. A."},{"full_name":"Mathur, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Mathur"},{"id":"d9edb345-f866-11ec-9b37-d119b5234501","full_name":"Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle","orcid":"0000-0003-0142-4000","first_name":"Lisa Annabelle","last_name":"Bugnet"},{"full_name":"van Saders, J. L.","first_name":"J. L.","last_name":"van Saders"},{"last_name":"Metcalfe","full_name":"Metcalfe, T. S.","first_name":"T. S."},{"first_name":"G. V. A.","full_name":"Simonian, G. V. A.","last_name":"Simonian"},{"last_name":"Pinsonneault","full_name":"Pinsonneault, M. H.","first_name":"M. H."}],"issue":"1","intvolume":"       244","citation":{"chicago":"Santos, A. R. G., R. A. García, S. Mathur, Lisa Annabelle Bugnet, J. L. van Saders, T. S. Metcalfe, G. V. A. Simonian, and M. H. Pinsonneault. “Surface Rotation and Photometric Activity for Kepler Targets. I. M and K Main-Sequence Stars.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. IOP Publishing, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56</a>.","short":"A.R.G. Santos, R.A. García, S. Mathur, L.A. Bugnet, J.L. van Saders, T.S. Metcalfe, G.V.A. Simonian, M.H. Pinsonneault, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 244 (2019).","mla":"Santos, A. R. G., et al. “Surface Rotation and Photometric Activity for Kepler Targets. I. M and K Main-Sequence Stars.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 244, no. 1, 21, IOP Publishing, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56\">10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56</a>.","ista":"Santos ARG, García RA, Mathur S, Bugnet LA, van Saders JL, Metcalfe TS, Simonian GVA, Pinsonneault MH. 2019. Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets. I. M and K main-sequence stars. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 244(1), 21.","ieee":"A. R. G. Santos <i>et al.</i>, “Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets. I. M and K main-sequence stars,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 244, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2019.","ama":"Santos ARG, García RA, Mathur S, et al. Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets. I. M and K main-sequence stars. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. 2019;244(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56\">10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56</a>","apa":"Santos, A. R. G., García, R. A., Mathur, S., Bugnet, L. A., van Saders, J. L., Metcalfe, T. S., … Pinsonneault, M. H. (2019). Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets. I. M and K main-sequence stars. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56</a>"},"status":"public","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","year":"2019","date_published":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","external_id":{"arxiv":["1908.05222"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"09","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","article_number":"21","article_type":"original","volume":244,"_id":"11623","day":"19","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ab3b56","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0067-0049"]}},{"article_type":"original","doi":"10.1086/422582","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0067-0049","1538-4365"]},"volume":154,"_id":"17726","month":"10","type":"journal_article","oa_version":"Published Version","page":"501-508","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Pirzkal","first_name":"N.","full_name":"Pirzkal, N."},{"full_name":"Xu, C.","first_name":"C.","last_name":"Xu"},{"last_name":"Malhotra","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Malhotra, S."},{"last_name":"Rhoads","first_name":"J. E.","full_name":"Rhoads, J. E."},{"last_name":"Koekemoer","first_name":"A. M.","full_name":"Koekemoer, A. M."},{"last_name":"Moustakas","first_name":"L. A.","full_name":"Moustakas, L. A."},{"last_name":"Walsh","full_name":"Walsh, J. R.","first_name":"J. R."},{"first_name":"R. A.","full_name":"Windhorst, R. A.","last_name":"Windhorst"},{"last_name":"Daddi","full_name":"Daddi, E.","first_name":"E."},{"last_name":"Cimatti","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Cimatti, A."},{"first_name":"H. C.","full_name":"Ferguson, H. C.","last_name":"Ferguson"},{"full_name":"Gardner, Jonathan P.","first_name":"Jonathan P.","last_name":"Gardner"},{"last_name":"Gronwall","first_name":"C.","full_name":"Gronwall, C."},{"last_name":"Haiman","first_name":"Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán"},{"last_name":"Kummel","full_name":"Kummel, M.","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"N.","full_name":"Panagia, N.","last_name":"Panagia"},{"last_name":"Pasquali","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Pasquali, A."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Stiavelli, M.","last_name":"Stiavelli"},{"first_name":"S.","full_name":"di Serego Alighieri, S.","last_name":"di Serego Alighieri"},{"first_name":"Z.","full_name":"Tsvetanov, Z.","last_name":"Tsvetanov"},{"last_name":"Vernet","first_name":"J.","full_name":"Vernet, J."},{"first_name":"H.","full_name":"Yan, H.","last_name":"Yan"}],"issue":"2","intvolume":"       154","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Pirzkal, N., C. Xu, S. Malhotra, J. E. Rhoads, A. M. Koekemoer, L. A. Moustakas, J. R. Walsh, et al. “GRAPES, Grism Spectroscopy of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Description and Data Reduction.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2004. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/422582\">https://doi.org/10.1086/422582</a>.","short":"N. Pirzkal, C. Xu, S. Malhotra, J.E. Rhoads, A.M. Koekemoer, L.A. Moustakas, J.R. Walsh, R.A. Windhorst, E. Daddi, A. Cimatti, H.C. Ferguson, J.P. Gardner, C. Gronwall, Z. Haiman, M. Kummel, N. Panagia, A. Pasquali, M. Stiavelli, S. di Serego Alighieri, Z. Tsvetanov, J. Vernet, H. Yan, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 154 (2004) 501–508.","mla":"Pirzkal, N., et al. “GRAPES, Grism Spectroscopy of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Description and Data Reduction.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 154, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2004, pp. 501–08, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/422582\">10.1086/422582</a>.","ista":"Pirzkal N, Xu C, Malhotra S, Rhoads JE, Koekemoer AM, Moustakas LA, Walsh JR, Windhorst RA, Daddi E, Cimatti A, Ferguson HC, Gardner JP, Gronwall C, Haiman Z, Kummel M, Panagia N, Pasquali A, Stiavelli M, di Serego Alighieri S, Tsvetanov Z, Vernet J, Yan H. 2004. GRAPES, grism spectroscopy of the hubble ultra deep field: Description and data reduction. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 154(2), 501–508.","apa":"Pirzkal, N., Xu, C., Malhotra, S., Rhoads, J. E., Koekemoer, A. M., Moustakas, L. A., … Yan, H. (2004). GRAPES, grism spectroscopy of the hubble ultra deep field: Description and data reduction. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/422582\">https://doi.org/10.1086/422582</a>","ieee":"N. Pirzkal <i>et al.</i>, “GRAPES, grism spectroscopy of the hubble ultra deep field: Description and data reduction,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 154, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 501–508, 2004.","ama":"Pirzkal N, Xu C, Malhotra S, et al. GRAPES, grism spectroscopy of the hubble ultra deep field: Description and data reduction. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. 2004;154(2):501-508. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/422582\">10.1086/422582</a>"},"status":"public","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2004","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","title":"GRAPES, grism spectroscopy of the hubble ultra deep field: Description and data reduction","date_created":"2024-09-06T09:13:05Z","date_updated":"2024-09-25T14:30:24Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/422582"}],"user_id":"317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345","abstract":[{"text":"We present deep unbiased spectroscopy of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) carried out using the slitless grism spectroscopy mode of the Advance Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The GRIsm ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) achieves continuum detection as faint as zAB=27.2 using 40 orbits (9.2×10^4 seconds) on HST. The data were taken at four orientation angles to correct for the overlap of spectra. GRAPES data provide a unique, uninterrupted, low resolution (R=100) spectral coverage for 5500Å<λ<10500Å, and allow us to detect high redshift galaxies at 4<z<7 whether they have $\\lya$ lines or just show the Lyman Break, as well as find low luminosity AGNs in an unbiased fashion. This paper describes in detail the observations and the data reduction, and examines the quality of the extracted spectra. Subsequent papers will deal with the analysis of the data. The extracted and calibrated GRAPES spectra will be available from MAST at STScI.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publisher":"American Astronomical Society"},{"quality_controlled":"1","external_id":{"arxiv":["astro-ph/0203252"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","extern":"1","publication_status":"published","date_published":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","year":"2002","OA_type":"free access","citation":{"ama":"Hall PB, Anderson SF, Strauss MA, et al. Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the sloan digital sky survey. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. 2002;141(2):267-309. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/340546\">10.1086/340546</a>","ieee":"P. B. Hall <i>et al.</i>, “Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the sloan digital sky survey,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 141, no. 2. American Astronomical Society, pp. 267–309, 2002.","apa":"Hall, P. B., Anderson, S. F., Strauss, M. A., York, D. G., Richards, G. T., Fan, X., … Zheng, W. (2002). Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the sloan digital sky survey. <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. American Astronomical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/340546\">https://doi.org/10.1086/340546</a>","ista":"Hall PB, Anderson SF, Strauss MA, York DG, Richards GT, Fan X, Knapp GR, Schneider DP, Vanden Berk DE, Geballe TR, Bauer AE, Becker RH, Davis M, Rix H, Nichol RC, Bahcall NA, Brinkmann J, Brunner R, Connolly AJ, Csabai I, Doi M, Fukugita M, Gunn JE, Haiman Z, Harvanek M, Heckman TM, Hennessy GS, Inada N, Ivezić Ž, Johnston D, Kleinman S, Krolik JH, Krzesinski J, Kunszt PZ, Lamb DQ, Long DC, Lupton RH, Miknaitis G, Munn JA, Narayanan VK, Neilsen E, Newman PR, Nitta A, Okamura S, Pentericci L, Pier JR, Schlegel DJ, Snedden S, Szalay AS, Thakar AR, Tsvetanov Z, White RL, Zheng W. 2002. Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the sloan digital sky survey. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 141(2), 267–309.","mla":"Hall, Patrick B., et al. “Unusual Broad Absorption Line Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>, vol. 141, no. 2, American Astronomical Society, 2002, pp. 267–309, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/340546\">10.1086/340546</a>.","short":"P.B. Hall, S.F. Anderson, M.A. Strauss, D.G. York, G.T. Richards, X. Fan, G.R. Knapp, D.P. Schneider, D.E. Vanden Berk, T.R. Geballe, A.E. Bauer, R.H. Becker, M. Davis, H. Rix, R.C. Nichol, N.A. Bahcall, J. Brinkmann, R. Brunner, A.J. Connolly, I. Csabai, M. Doi, M. Fukugita, J.E. Gunn, Z. Haiman, M. Harvanek, T.M. Heckman, G.S. Hennessy, N. Inada, Ž. Ivezić, D. Johnston, S. Kleinman, J.H. Krolik, J. Krzesinski, P.Z. Kunszt, D.Q. Lamb, D.C. Long, R.H. Lupton, G. Miknaitis, J.A. Munn, V.K. Narayanan, E. Neilsen, P.R. Newman, A. Nitta, S. Okamura, L. Pentericci, J.R. Pier, D.J. Schlegel, S. Snedden, A.S. Szalay, A.R. Thakar, Z. Tsvetanov, R.L. White, W. Zheng, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 141 (2002) 267–309.","chicago":"Hall, Patrick B., Scott F. Anderson, Michael A. Strauss, Donald G. York, Gordon T. Richards, Xiaohui Fan, G. R. Knapp, et al. “Unusual Broad Absorption Line Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</i>. American Astronomical Society, 2002. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/340546\">https://doi.org/10.1086/340546</a>."},"issue":"2","intvolume":"       141","author":[{"full_name":"Hall, Patrick B.","first_name":"Patrick B.","last_name":"Hall"},{"first_name":"Scott F.","full_name":"Anderson, Scott F.","last_name":"Anderson"},{"last_name":"Strauss","first_name":"Michael A.","full_name":"Strauss, Michael A."},{"full_name":"York, Donald G.","first_name":"Donald G.","last_name":"York"},{"last_name":"Richards","full_name":"Richards, Gordon T.","first_name":"Gordon T."},{"full_name":"Fan, Xiaohui","first_name":"Xiaohui","last_name":"Fan"},{"first_name":"G. R.","full_name":"Knapp, G. R.","last_name":"Knapp"},{"last_name":"Schneider","full_name":"Schneider, Donald P.","first_name":"Donald P."},{"first_name":"Daniel E.","full_name":"Vanden Berk, Daniel E.","last_name":"Vanden Berk"},{"last_name":"Geballe","first_name":"T. R.","full_name":"Geballe, T. R."},{"last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Amanda E.","full_name":"Bauer, Amanda E."},{"first_name":"Robert H.","full_name":"Becker, Robert H.","last_name":"Becker"},{"full_name":"Davis, Marc","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Davis"},{"last_name":"Rix","first_name":"Hans‐Walter","full_name":"Rix, Hans‐Walter"},{"first_name":"R. C.","full_name":"Nichol, R. C.","last_name":"Nichol"},{"full_name":"Bahcall, Neta A.","first_name":"Neta A.","last_name":"Bahcall"},{"first_name":"J.","full_name":"Brinkmann, J.","last_name":"Brinkmann"},{"last_name":"Brunner","first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Brunner, Robert"},{"last_name":"Connolly","first_name":"A. J.","full_name":"Connolly, A. J."},{"first_name":"Istvan","full_name":"Csabai, Istvan","last_name":"Csabai"},{"full_name":"Doi, Mamoru","first_name":"Mamoru","last_name":"Doi"},{"last_name":"Fukugita","full_name":"Fukugita, Masataka","first_name":"Masataka"},{"first_name":"James E.","full_name":"Gunn, James E.","last_name":"Gunn"},{"first_name":"Zoltán","orcid":"0000-0003-3633-5403","full_name":"Haiman, Zoltán","id":"7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36","last_name":"Haiman"},{"last_name":"Harvanek","full_name":"Harvanek, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Heckman","full_name":"Heckman, Timothy M.","first_name":"Timothy M."},{"last_name":"Hennessy","full_name":"Hennessy, G. S.","first_name":"G. S."},{"full_name":"Inada, Naohisa","first_name":"Naohisa","last_name":"Inada"},{"first_name":"Željko","full_name":"Ivezić, Željko","last_name":"Ivezić"},{"last_name":"Johnston","first_name":"David","full_name":"Johnston, David"},{"last_name":"Kleinman","first_name":"S.","full_name":"Kleinman, S."},{"full_name":"Krolik, Julian H.","first_name":"Julian H.","last_name":"Krolik"},{"full_name":"Krzesinski, Jurek","first_name":"Jurek","last_name":"Krzesinski"},{"last_name":"Kunszt","full_name":"Kunszt, Peter Z.","first_name":"Peter Z."},{"last_name":"Lamb","first_name":"D. Q.","full_name":"Lamb, D. Q."},{"full_name":"Long, Daniel C.","first_name":"Daniel C.","last_name":"Long"},{"first_name":"Robert H.","full_name":"Lupton, Robert H.","last_name":"Lupton"},{"last_name":"Miknaitis","full_name":"Miknaitis, Gajus","first_name":"Gajus"},{"full_name":"Munn, Jeffrey A.","first_name":"Jeffrey A.","last_name":"Munn"},{"first_name":"Vijay K.","full_name":"Narayanan, Vijay K.","last_name":"Narayanan"},{"last_name":"Neilsen","first_name":"Eric","full_name":"Neilsen, Eric"},{"last_name":"Newman","full_name":"Newman, P. R.","first_name":"P. R."},{"last_name":"Nitta","full_name":"Nitta, Atsuko","first_name":"Atsuko"},{"last_name":"Okamura","full_name":"Okamura, Sadanori","first_name":"Sadanori"},{"full_name":"Pentericci, Laura","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Pentericci"},{"first_name":"Jeffrey R.","full_name":"Pier, Jeffrey R.","last_name":"Pier"},{"full_name":"Schlegel, David J.","first_name":"David J.","last_name":"Schlegel"},{"full_name":"Snedden, S.","first_name":"S.","last_name":"Snedden"},{"full_name":"Szalay, Alexander S.","first_name":"Alexander S.","last_name":"Szalay"},{"full_name":"Thakar, Anirudda R.","first_name":"Anirudda R.","last_name":"Thakar"},{"last_name":"Tsvetanov","full_name":"Tsvetanov, Zlatan","first_name":"Zlatan"},{"first_name":"Richard L.","full_name":"White, Richard L.","last_name":"White"},{"first_name":"Wei","full_name":"Zheng, Wei","last_name":"Zheng"}],"oa":1,"OA_place":"repository","abstract":[{"text":"The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has confirmed the existence of populations of broad absorption line (BAL) quasars with various unusual properties. We present and discuss 23 such objects and consider the implications of their wide range of properties for models of BAL outflows and quasars in general. We have discovered one BAL quasar with a record number of absorption lines. Two other similarly complex objects with many narrow troughs show broad Mg II absorption extending longward of their systemic host galaxy redshifts. This can be explained as absorption of an extended continuum source by the rotation-dominated base of a disk wind. Five other objects have absorption that removes an unprecedented ∼90% of all flux shortward of Mg II. The absorption in one of them has varied across the ultraviolet with an amplitude and rate of change as great as ever seen. This same object may also show broad Hβ absorption. Numerous reddened BAL quasars have been found, including at least one reddened mini-BAL quasar with very strong Fe II emission. The five reddest objects have continuum reddenings of E(B-V) ≃ 0.5, and in two of them we find strong evidence that the reddening curve is even steeper than that of the SMC. We have found at least one object with absorption from Fe III but not Fe II. This may be due to a high column density of moderately high ionization gas, but the Fe III level populations must also be affected by some sort of resonance. Finally, we have found two luminous, probably reddened high-redshift objects that may be BAL quasars whose troughs partially cover different regions of the continuum source as a function of velocity.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"American Astronomical Society","date_created":"2024-09-06T11:30:40Z","publication":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","title":"Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the sloan digital sky survey","arxiv":1,"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0203252","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2024-11-12T10:02:25Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0067-0049"],"eissn":["1538-4365"]},"doi":"10.1086/340546","day":"01","volume":141,"_id":"17802","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","page":"267-309","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","month":"08","type":"journal_article"}]