---
_id: '15296'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this paper we build a constructive algorithm that returns a rectifiable
    curve that connects two points in a weakly convex set in a Hilbert space. We have
    proven that this algorithm converges and obtained an estimate on the curve’s length
    and compare the length of the curve obtained to known results.
article_number: '080002'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Mariana
  full_name: Lopushanski, Mariana
  last_name: Lopushanski
- first_name: Grigory
  full_name: Ivanov, Grigory
  id: 87744F66-5C6F-11EA-AFE0-D16B3DDC885E
  last_name: Ivanov
citation:
  ama: 'Lopushanski M, Ivanov G. A constructive algorithm for building rectifiable
    curves in weakly convex sets. In: <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. Vol 3030.
    AIP Publishing; 2024. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195908">10.1063/5.0195908</a>'
  apa: 'Lopushanski, M., &#38; Ivanov, G. (2024). A constructive algorithm for building
    rectifiable curves in weakly convex sets. In <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>
    (Vol. 3030). Virtual: AIP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195908">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195908</a>'
  chicago: Lopushanski, Mariana, and Grigory Ivanov. “A Constructive Algorithm for
    Building Rectifiable Curves in Weakly Convex Sets.” In <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>,
    Vol. 3030. AIP Publishing, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195908">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195908</a>.
  ieee: M. Lopushanski and G. Ivanov, “A constructive algorithm for building rectifiable
    curves in weakly convex sets,” in <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, Virtual,
    2024, vol. 3030, no. 1.
  ista: 'Lopushanski M, Ivanov G. 2024. A constructive algorithm for building rectifiable
    curves in weakly convex sets. AIP Conference Proceedings. ICCMSE: International
    Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engiineering vol. 3030, 080002.'
  mla: Lopushanski, Mariana, and Grigory Ivanov. “A Constructive Algorithm for Building
    Rectifiable Curves in Weakly Convex Sets.” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>,
    vol. 3030, no. 1, 080002, AIP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195908">10.1063/5.0195908</a>.
  short: M. Lopushanski, G. Ivanov, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing,
    2024.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-10-29
  location: Virtual
  name: 'ICCMSE: International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and
    Engiineering'
  start_date: 2022-10-26
date_created: 2024-04-07T22:00:55Z
date_published: 2024-03-14T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-04-08T07:40:53Z
day: '14'
department:
- _id: UlWa
doi: 10.1063/5.0195908
intvolume: '      3030'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1551-7616
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A constructive algorithm for building rectifiable curves in weakly convex sets
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 3030
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '17651'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A decade after their first discovery, the origin of giant supermassive black
    holes (SMBHs), with masses in excess of 109 Msolar, at redshifts as early as z
    > 6, remains a puzzle. One possibility is that stellar-mass ``seed'''' BHs, left
    behind by the first stars, accrete gas at close to the Eddington limit during
    a large fraction (>~ 50%) of the time. While maintaining such a high accretion
    rate may itself be difficult, here we focus on another, less commonly discussed
    problem in this scenario: unless BH seed formation and growth are preferentially
    suppressed in less massive protogalaxies, the mass density in M~106Msolar SMBHs
    at z ~ 6 already exceeds the locally observed SMBH mass density by several orders
    of magnitude. We show that the X-rays from the earliest accreting BHs themselves
    can cause a self-regulation, by partially ionizing and heating the intergalactic
    medium (IGM). This ``global warming'''' suppresses the formation and growth of
    subsequent generations of BHs in low-mass halos, and can produce excellent agreement
    with recent estimates of the z = 6 SMBH mass function, without impeding the growth
    of the largest (M>~109Msolar) holes, which reside in the most massive galaxies
    that formed first. The proposed gravitational-wave observatory eLISA could detect
    several tens of major mergers between SMBHs at z > 6.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Takamitsu
  full_name: Tanaka, Takamitsu
  last_name: Tanaka
- first_name: Rosalba
  full_name: Perna, Rosalba
  last_name: Perna
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z, Tanaka T, Perna R. Self-regulating the early growth of black holes
    through global warming. In: <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. Vol 1480. American
    Institute of Physics; 2012:303-308. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">10.1063/1.4754372</a>'
  apa: 'Haiman, Z., Tanaka, T., &#38; Perna, R. (2012). Self-regulating the early
    growth of black holes through global warming. In <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>
    (Vol. 1480, pp. 303–308). Kyoto, Japan: American Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372</a>'
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán, Takamitsu Tanaka, and Rosalba Perna. “Self-Regulating the
    Early Growth of Black Holes through Global Warming.” In <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>,
    1480:303–8. American Institute of Physics, 2012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, T. Tanaka, and R. Perna, “Self-regulating the early growth of black
    holes through global warming,” in <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, Kyoto, Japan,
    2012, vol. 1480, pp. 303–308.
  ista: Haiman Z, Tanaka T, Perna R. 2012. Self-regulating the early growth of black
    holes through global warming. AIP Conference Proceedings. FIRST STARS IV - From
    Hayashi to the Future vol. 1480, 303–308.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán, et al. “Self-Regulating the Early Growth of Black Holes through
    Global Warming.” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, vol. 1480, American Institute
    of Physics, 2012, pp. 303–08, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372">10.1063/1.4754372</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, T. Tanaka, R. Perna, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings, American
    Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 303–308.
conference:
  end_date: 2012-05-25
  location: Kyoto, Japan
  name: FIRST STARS IV - From Hayashi to the Future
  start_date: 2012-05-21
date_created: 2024-09-06T07:29:59Z
date_published: 2012-09-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-24T13:16:41Z
day: '12'
doi: 10.1063/1.4754372
extern: '1'
intvolume: '      1480'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754372
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 303-308
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Physics
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Self-regulating the early growth of black holes through global warming
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 1480
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '17664'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and
    SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z=6.
    These earliest SMBHs may arise by the combination of Eddington-limited growth
    and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs left behind by the first generation of metal-free
    stars, or by the rapid direct collapse of gas in rare special environments where
    the gas can avoid fragmenting into stars. In this contribution, I review these
    two competing scenarios. I also briefly mention some more exotic ideas and how
    the different models may be distinguished in the future by LISA and other instruments.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
- first_name: Daniel J.
  full_name: Whalen, Daniel J.
  last_name: Whalen
- first_name: Volker
  full_name: Bromm, Volker
  last_name: Bromm
- first_name: Naoki
  full_name: Yoshida, Naoki
  last_name: Yoshida
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z, Whalen DJ, Bromm V, Yoshida N. The origin and detection of high-redshift
    supermassive black holes. In: <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. Vol 1294. American
    Institute of Physics; 2010:215-224. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3518857">10.1063/1.3518857</a>'
  apa: 'Haiman, Z., Whalen, D. J., Bromm, V., &#38; Yoshida, N. (2010). The origin
    and detection of high-redshift supermassive black holes. In <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i> (Vol. 1294, pp. 215–224). Austin, TX, United States: American
    Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3518857">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3518857</a>'
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán, Daniel J. Whalen, Volker Bromm, and Naoki Yoshida. “The
    Origin and Detection of High-Redshift Supermassive Black Holes.” In <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i>, 1294:215–24. American Institute of Physics, 2010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3518857">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3518857</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, D. J. Whalen, V. Bromm, and N. Yoshida, “The origin and detection
    of high-redshift supermassive black holes,” in <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>,
    Austin, TX, United States, 2010, vol. 1294, no. 1, pp. 215–224.
  ista: 'Haiman Z, Whalen DJ, Bromm V, Yoshida N. 2010. The origin and detection of
    high-redshift supermassive black holes. AIP Conference Proceedings. The First
    Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade vol. 1294, 215–224.'
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán, et al. “The Origin and Detection of High-Redshift Supermassive
    Black Holes.” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, vol. 1294, no. 1, American Institute
    of Physics, 2010, pp. 215–24, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3518857">10.1063/1.3518857</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, D.J. Whalen, V. Bromm, N. Yoshida, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings,
    American Institute of Physics, 2010, pp. 215–224.
conference:
  end_date: 2010-03-11
  location: Austin, TX, United States
  name: 'The First Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade'
  start_date: 2010-03-08
date_created: 2024-09-06T07:41:39Z
date_published: 2010-11-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-25T07:40:43Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1063/1.3518857
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1007.4741'
intvolume: '      1294'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: ' https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1007.4741'
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 215-224
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Physics
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The origin and detection of high-redshift supermassive black holes
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 1294
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '17751'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: With the help of numerical simulations, we examine two aspects of feedback
    from the first generation of stars on later star formation. First, we investigate
    the impact of relic HII regions on forming halos. We find that the positive and
    negative effects of such feedback nearly cancel because the increase in entropy
    due to heating is balanced by the increase in the H 2 fraction due to the free
    electrons. However, these halos can be delayed more easily by a background Lyman-Werner
    flux. Second, we show that HD cooling is important in halos which have been ionized
    and allowed to recombine. Gas is allowed to cool to the CMB temperature at densities
    around n∼10 4cm-3, reducing the accreted mass by a factor of a few. However, as
    the collapse proceeds, the central gas density exceeds the critical density of
    HD and heats until HD cooling is no longer important. Therefore the behaviour
    of the (smaller mass) core is relatively unaffected by HD cooling.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Greg L.
  full_name: Bryan, Greg L.
  last_name: Bryan
- first_name: Ian D.
  full_name: McGreer, Ian D.
  last_name: McGreer
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Mesinger, Andrei
  last_name: Mesinger
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
citation:
  ama: 'Bryan GL, McGreer ID, Mesinger A, Haiman Z. Feedback effects on population
    III star formation. In: <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. American Institute
    of Physics; 2008. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582">10.1063/1.2905582</a>'
  apa: 'Bryan, G. L., McGreer, I. D., Mesinger, A., &#38; Haiman, Z. (2008). Feedback
    effects on population III star formation. In <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>.
    Santa Fe, NM, United States: American Institute of Physics. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582</a>'
  chicago: Bryan, Greg L., Ian D. McGreer, Andrei Mesinger, and Zoltán Haiman. “Feedback
    Effects on Population III Star Formation.” In <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>.
    American Institute of Physics, 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582</a>.
  ieee: G. L. Bryan, I. D. McGreer, A. Mesinger, and Z. Haiman, “Feedback effects
    on population III star formation,” in <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, Santa
    Fe, NM, United States, 2008.
  ista: 'Bryan GL, McGreer ID, Mesinger A, Haiman Z. 2008. Feedback effects on population
    III star formation. AIP Conference Proceedings. FIRST STARS III: First Stars II
    Conference.'
  mla: Bryan, Greg L., et al. “Feedback Effects on Population III Star Formation.”
    <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, American Institute of Physics, 2008, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582">10.1063/1.2905582</a>.
  short: G.L. Bryan, I.D. McGreer, A. Mesinger, Z. Haiman, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings,
    American Institute of Physics, 2008.
conference:
  end_date: 2007-07-20
  location: Santa Fe, NM, United States
  name: 'FIRST STARS III: First Stars II Conference'
  start_date: 2007-07-15
date_created: 2024-09-06T09:39:10Z
date_published: 2008-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-30T07:46:06Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1063/1.2905582
extern: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2905582
month: '03'
oa_version: None
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: American Institute of Physics
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Feedback effects on population III star formation
type: conference
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
year: '2008'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18736'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Empirical studies of the first generation of stars and quasars will likely
    become feasible within the next decade in several different wavelength bands.
    Microwave anisotropy experiments, such as MAP or Planck, will set constraints
    on the ionization history of the intergalactic medium due to these sources. In
    the infrared, the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) will be able to directly
    detect sub-galactic objects at redshifts z>10. In the optical, data from the Hubble
    Deep Field already places a constraint on the abundance of high-redshift quasars.
    However, the epoch of the first quasars might be first probed in X-ray bands,
    by instruments such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) and the X-ray Multi-mirror
    Mission (XMM). In a 500 Ksec integration, CXO reaches a sensitivity of 2x10-16
    erg/s cm^2. Based on simple hierarchical CDM models, we find that at this flux
    threshold approx. 100 quasars might be detectable from redshifts z>5, and approx.
    1 quasar at z=10, in each 17x17 arcmin field. Measurement of the power spectrum
    of the unresolved soft X-ray background will further constrain models of faint,
    high-redshift quasars.
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: 'Haiman Z. Probing the cosmic dark age in X-rays. In: <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>.
    Vol 599. AIP Publishing; 2001:140-149. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434627">10.1063/1.1434627</a>'
  apa: 'Haiman, Z. (2001). Probing the cosmic dark age in X-rays. In <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i> (Vol. 599, pp. 140–149). Bologna, Italy: AIP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434627">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434627</a>'
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán. “Probing the Cosmic Dark Age in X-Rays.” In <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i>, 599:140–49. AIP Publishing, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434627">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434627</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Probing the cosmic dark age in X-rays,” in <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>,
    Bologna, Italy, 2001, vol. 599, no. 1, pp. 140–149.
  ista: 'Haiman Z. 2001. Probing the cosmic dark age in X-rays. AIP Conference Proceedings.
    X-RAY ASTRONOMY: Stellar Endpoints,AGN, and the Diffuse X-ray Background vol.
    599, 140–149.'
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Probing the Cosmic Dark Age in X-Rays.” <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i>, vol. 599, no. 1, AIP Publishing, 2001, pp. 140–49, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434627">10.1063/1.1434627</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, in:, AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2001, pp. 140–149.
conference:
  end_date: 1999-09-10
  location: Bologna, Italy
  name: 'X-RAY ASTRONOMY: Stellar Endpoints,AGN, and the Diffuse X-ray Background'
  start_date: 1999-09-06
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:29:34Z
date_published: 2001-12-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T14:27:17Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1063/1.1434627
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0001271
intvolume: '       599'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001271
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 140-149
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Probing the cosmic dark age in X-rays
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 599
year: '2001'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18743'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Over the coming decade, the observational samples available for studies of
    cluster abundance evolution will increase from tens to hundreds, or possibly to
    thousands, of clusters. Here we assess the power of future surveys to determine
    cosmological parameters. We quantify the statistical differences among cosmologies,
    including the effects of the cosmic equation of state parameter w, in mock cluster
    catalogs simulating a 12 deg^2 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect (SZE) survey and a deep
    10^4 deg^2 X-ray survey. The constraints from clusters are complementary to those
    from studies of high-redshift Supernovae (SNe), CMB anisotropies, or counts of
    high-redshift galaxies. Our results indicate that a statistical uncertainty of
    a few percent on both Ωm\r\n and w can be reached when cluster surveys are used
    in combination with any of these other datasets."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
citation:
  ama: Haiman Z. Clusters in the precision cosmology era. <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>.
    2001;586(1):303-309. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419569">10.1063/1.1419569</a>
  apa: 'Haiman, Z. (2001). Clusters in the precision cosmology era. <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i>. Austin, TX, United States: AIP. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419569">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419569</a>'
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán. “Clusters in the Precision Cosmology Era.” <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i>. AIP, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419569">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419569</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, “Clusters in the precision cosmology era,” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>,
    vol. 586, no. 1. AIP, pp. 303–309, 2001.
  ista: Haiman Z. 2001. Clusters in the precision cosmology era. AIP Conference Proceedings.
    586(1), 303–309.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán. “Clusters in the Precision Cosmology Era.” <i>AIP Conference
    Proceedings</i>, vol. 586, no. 1, AIP, 2001, pp. 303–09, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419569">10.1063/1.1419569</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, AIP Conference Proceedings 586 (2001) 303–309.
conference:
  end_date: 2000-12-15
  location: Austin, TX, United States
  name: RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS
  start_date: 2000-12-10
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:35:17Z
date_published: 2001-10-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T14:08:38Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1063/1.1419569
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0103049
intvolume: '       586'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0103049
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 303-309
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Clusters in the precision cosmology era
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 586
year: '2001'
...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '18747'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Warm Dark Matter (WDM) models have recently been resurrected to resolve apparent
    conflicts of Cold Dark Matter (DM) models with observations. Endowing the DM particles
    with non-negligible velocities causes free-streaming, which suppresses the primordial
    power spectrum on small scales. The choice of a root-mean-square velocity dispersion
    v(rms) = 0.05 km/s at redshift z=0 (corresponding to a particle mass of 1 keV
    if the WDM particles are fermions decoupling while relativistic) helps alleviate
    most, but probably not all, of the small-scale problems faced by CDM. An important
    side-effect of the particle velocities is the severe decrease in the number of
    collapsed halos at high redshift. This is caused both by the loss of small-scale
    power, and by the delay in the collapse of the smallest individual halos (with
    masses near the effective Jeans mass of the DM). The presence of early halos is
    required in order (1) to host either early quasars or galaxies that can reionize
    the universe by redshift z=5.8, and (2) to allow the growth of the supermassive
    black hole believed to power the recently discovered quasar SDSS 1044-1215 at
    this redshift. We quantify these constraints using a modified Press-Schechter
    formalism, and find v(rms) < 0.04 km/s (or m_X > 1 keV). If future observations
    uncover massive black holes at z > 10, or reveal that reionization occurred at
    z > 10, this could conclusively rule out WDM models as the solution to the small-scale
    crisis of the CDM paradigm.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zoltán
  full_name: Haiman, Zoltán
  id: 7c006e8c-cc0d-11ee-8322-cb904ef76f36
  last_name: Haiman
  orcid: 0000-0003-3633-5403
- first_name: Rennan
  full_name: Barkana, Rennan
  last_name: Barkana
- first_name: Jeremiah P.
  full_name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
  last_name: Ostriker
citation:
  ama: Haiman Z, Barkana R, Ostriker JP. Warm Dark Matter, small scale crisis, and
    the high redshift universe. <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. 2001;586(1):136-142.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419543">10.1063/1.1419543</a>
  apa: Haiman, Z., Barkana, R., &#38; Ostriker, J. P. (2001). Warm Dark Matter, small
    scale crisis, and the high redshift universe. <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>.
    AIP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419543">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419543</a>
  chicago: Haiman, Zoltán, Rennan Barkana, and Jeremiah P. Ostriker. “Warm Dark Matter,
    Small Scale Crisis, and the High Redshift Universe.” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>.
    AIP Publishing, 2001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419543">https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419543</a>.
  ieee: Z. Haiman, R. Barkana, and J. P. Ostriker, “Warm Dark Matter, small scale
    crisis, and the high redshift universe,” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, vol.
    586, no. 1. AIP Publishing, pp. 136–142, 2001.
  ista: Haiman Z, Barkana R, Ostriker JP. 2001. Warm Dark Matter, small scale crisis,
    and the high redshift universe. AIP Conference Proceedings. 586(1), 136–142.
  mla: Haiman, Zoltán, et al. “Warm Dark Matter, Small Scale Crisis, and the High
    Redshift Universe.” <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>, vol. 586, no. 1, AIP Publishing,
    2001, pp. 136–42, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419543">10.1063/1.1419543</a>.
  short: Z. Haiman, R. Barkana, J.P. Ostriker, AIP Conference Proceedings 586 (2001)
    136–142.
date_created: 2025-01-03T12:36:55Z
date_published: 2001-10-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T14:20:55Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1063/1.1419543
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - astro-ph/0103050
intvolume: '       586'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0103050
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 136-142
publication: AIP Conference Proceedings
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0094-243X
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Warm Dark Matter, small scale crisis, and the high redshift universe
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 586
year: '2001'
...
