[{"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1878-108X"],"issn":["0166-2236"]},"status":"public","volume":48,"OA_place":"publisher","type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"The work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) (470322152 – T1347/3-1; 497658532 – T1347/4-1; 507965872 – T1347/5-1; and 460333672 – CRC1540 Exploring Brain Mechanics) to T.T., the Schram Foundation (T.T.), the European Research Council (ERC-2018-STG, 804468 EAGER; ERC-2023-COG, 101125034 NEUTIME) to T.T., the Hans-Georg Geis und Xue Hong Dong-Geis Foundation and Forschungsstiftung Medizin am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen to T.T., and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Erlangen (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; P162 to T.T.). We thank Dr Laura J. Harrison for editing assistance.","isi":1,"month":"09","issue":"9","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004","PlanS_conform":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","page":"645-654","year":"2025","oa":1,"file":[{"file_name":"2025_TrendsNeurosciences_Hetzer.pdf","date_updated":"2025-12-29T13:47:27Z","checksum":"90942491b499f70b0bf48b8aec2e7387","content_type":"application/pdf","file_size":327847,"relation":"main_file","date_created":"2025-12-29T13:47:27Z","creator":"dernst","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","file_id":"20873"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"publisher":"Elsevier","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ista":"Hetzer M, Toda T. 2025. Long-lived cellular molecules in the brain. Trends in Neurosciences. 48(9), 645–654.","ieee":"M. Hetzer and T. Toda, “Long-lived cellular molecules in the brain,” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 48, no. 9. Elsevier, pp. 645–654, 2025.","short":"M. Hetzer, T. Toda, Trends in Neurosciences 48 (2025) 645–654.","mla":"Hetzer, Martin, and Tomohisa Toda. “Long-Lived Cellular Molecules in the Brain.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 48, no. 9, Elsevier, 2025, pp. 645–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004\">10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004</a>.","ama":"Hetzer M, Toda T. Long-lived cellular molecules in the brain. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. 2025;48(9):645-654. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004\">10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004</a>","apa":"Hetzer, M., &#38; Toda, T. (2025). Long-lived cellular molecules in the brain. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004</a>","chicago":"Hetzer, Martin, and Tomohisa Toda. “Long-Lived Cellular Molecules in the Brain.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2025.07.004</a>."},"ddc":["570"],"day":"01","_id":"20154","article_processing_charge":"Yes (in subscription journal)","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        48","department":[{"_id":"MaHe"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-29T13:47:58Z","abstract":[{"text":"In long-lived mammals, including humans, brain cell homeostasis is critical for maintaining brain function throughout life. Most neurons are generated during development and must maintain their cellular identity and plasticity to preserve brain function. Although extensive studies indicate the importance of recycling and regenerating cellular molecules to maintain cellular homeostasis, recent evidence has shown that some proteins and RNAs do not turn over for months and even years. We propose that these long-lived cellular molecules may be the basis for maintaining brain function in the long term, but also a potential convergent target of brain aging. We highlight key discoveries and challenges, and propose potential directions to unravel the mystery of brain cell longevity.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-08-10T22:01:29Z","external_id":{"pmid":["40744775"],"isi":["001568965400001"]},"author":[{"id":"86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed","full_name":"Hetzer, Martin W","first_name":"Martin W","last_name":"Hetzer","orcid":"0000-0002-2111-992X"},{"full_name":"Toda, Tomohisa","last_name":"Toda","first_name":"Tomohisa"}],"title":"Long-lived cellular molecules in the brain","OA_type":"hybrid","date_published":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","corr_author":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","pmid":1,"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2025-12-29T13:47:27Z","publication":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"publisher":"Elsevier","ddc":["570"],"citation":{"ama":"Parenti I, Garcia Rabaneda LE, Schön H, Novarino G. Neurodevelopmental disorders: From genetics to functional pathways. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. 2020;43(8):608-621. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004\">10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004</a>","apa":"Parenti, I., Garcia Rabaneda, L. E., Schön, H., &#38; Novarino, G. (2020). Neurodevelopmental disorders: From genetics to functional pathways. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004</a>","chicago":"Parenti, Ilaria, Luis E Garcia Rabaneda, Hanna Schön, and Gaia Novarino. “Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Genetics to Functional Pathways.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004</a>.","ista":"Parenti I, Garcia Rabaneda LE, Schön H, Novarino G. 2020. Neurodevelopmental disorders: From genetics to functional pathways. Trends in Neurosciences. 43(8), 608–621.","ieee":"I. Parenti, L. E. Garcia Rabaneda, H. Schön, and G. Novarino, “Neurodevelopmental disorders: From genetics to functional pathways,” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 43, no. 8. Elsevier, pp. 608–621, 2020.","short":"I. Parenti, L.E. Garcia Rabaneda, H. Schön, G. Novarino, Trends in Neurosciences 43 (2020) 608–621.","mla":"Parenti, Ilaria, et al. “Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Genetics to Functional Pathways.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 43, no. 8, Elsevier, 2020, pp. 608–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004\">10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"7957","day":"01","department":[{"_id":"GaNo"}],"intvolume":"        43","scopus_import":"1","article_type":"original","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a class of disorders affecting brain development and function and are characterized by wide genetic and clinical variability. In this review, we discuss the multiple factors that influence the clinical presentation of NDDs, with particular attention to gene vulnerability, mutational load, and the two-hit model. Despite the complex architecture of\r\nmutational events associated with NDDs, the various proteins involved appear to converge on common pathways, such as synaptic plasticity/function, chromatin remodelers and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms behind these pathways will hopefully lead to the identification of candidates that could be targeted for treatment approaches."}],"date_updated":"2026-04-02T14:36:06Z","title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders: From genetics to functional pathways","author":[{"last_name":"Parenti","first_name":"Ilaria","full_name":"Parenti, Ilaria","id":"D93538B0-5B71-11E9-AC62-02EBE5697425"},{"full_name":"Garcia Rabaneda, Luis E","id":"33D1B084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Garcia Rabaneda","first_name":"Luis E"},{"first_name":"Hanna","last_name":"Schön","full_name":"Schön, Hanna","id":"C8E17EDC-D7AA-11E9-B7B7-45ECE5697425"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7673-7178","last_name":"Novarino","first_name":"Gaia","full_name":"Novarino, Gaia","id":"3E57A680-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"date_created":"2020-06-14T22:00:49Z","external_id":{"pmid":["32507511"],"isi":["000553090600008"]},"project":[{"name":"Probing the Reversibility of Autism Spectrum Disorders by Employing in vivo and in vitro Models","grant_number":"715508","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"25444568-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"corr_author":"1","date_published":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"Trends in Neurosciences","file_date_updated":"2020-11-25T09:43:40Z","publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"user_id":"ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1878-108X"],"issn":["0166-2236"]},"volume":43,"type":"journal_article","acknowledgement":"We wish to thank Jasmin Morandell for generously sharing Figure 2. This work was supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant (grant 715508 ) to G.N.","isi":1,"month":"08","page":"608-621","has_accepted_license":"1","doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004","issue":"8","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2020_TrendsNeuroscience_Parenti.pdf","date_updated":"2020-11-25T09:43:40Z","checksum":"67db0251b1d415ae59005f876fcf9e34","file_size":1439550,"content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2020-11-25T09:43:40Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","success":1,"file_id":"8805"}],"oa":1,"year":"2020"},{"volume":25,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0166-2236"]},"status":"public","type":"journal_article","month":"12","extern":"1","year":"2002","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"page":"600 - 603","doi":"10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2","issue":"12","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ista":"Bischofberger J, Jonas PM. 2002. TwoB or not twoB: differential transmission at glutamatergic mossy fiber-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus. Trends in Neurosciences. 25(12), 600–603.","ieee":"J. Bischofberger and P. M. Jonas, “TwoB or not twoB: differential transmission at glutamatergic mossy fiber-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus,” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 25, no. 12. Elsevier, pp. 600–603, 2002.","short":"J. Bischofberger, P.M. Jonas, Trends in Neurosciences 25 (2002) 600–603.","mla":"Bischofberger, Josef, and Peter M. Jonas. “TwoB or Not TwoB: Differential Transmission at Glutamatergic Mossy Fiber-Interneuron Synapses in the Hippocampus.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>, vol. 25, no. 12, Elsevier, 2002, pp. 600–03, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2\">10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2</a>.","ama":"Bischofberger J, Jonas PM. TwoB or not twoB: differential transmission at glutamatergic mossy fiber-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. 2002;25(12):600-603. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2\">10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2</a>","apa":"Bischofberger, J., &#38; Jonas, P. M. (2002). TwoB or not twoB: differential transmission at glutamatergic mossy fiber-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2</a>","chicago":"Bischofberger, Josef, and Peter M Jonas. “TwoB or Not TwoB: Differential Transmission at Glutamatergic Mossy Fiber-Interneuron Synapses in the Hippocampus.” <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. Elsevier, 2002. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2\">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02259-2</a>."},"publisher":"Elsevier","publist_id":"2408","article_type":"letter_note","intvolume":"        25","day":"01","oa_version":"None","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"3803","title":"TwoB or not twoB: differential transmission at glutamatergic mossy fiber-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus","author":[{"first_name":"Josef","last_name":"Bischofberger","full_name":"Bischofberger, Josef"},{"id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","first_name":"Peter M","last_name":"Jonas"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:05:15Z","external_id":{"pmid":["12446120"]},"date_updated":"2023-07-10T13:22:24Z","abstract":[{"text":"Mossy fiber (MF) synapses are key stations for flow of information through the hippocampal formation. A major component of the output of the MF system is directed towards inhibitory interneurons. Recent studies have revealed that the functional properties of MF-interneuron synapses differ substantially from those of MF-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapses. Mossy-fiber-interneuron synapses in the stratum lucidum represent a continuum of functional subtypes, in which the subunit composition of postsynaptic AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors appears to be regulated in a coordinated manner.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","pmid":1,"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication":"Trends in Neurosciences","date_published":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z"}]