[{"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:34Z","date_updated":"2022-08-22T08:48:45Z","issue":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publist_id":"2905","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Götz, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Götz"},{"full_name":"Kraushaar, Udo","first_name":"Udo","last_name":"Kraushaar"},{"last_name":"Geiger","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg","first_name":"Jörg"},{"full_name":"Lubke, Joachim","first_name":"Joachim","last_name":"Lubke"},{"last_name":"Berger","full_name":"Berger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","first_name":"Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publication_status":"published","month":"01","citation":{"short":"T. Götz, U. Kraushaar, J. Geiger, J. Lubke, T. Berger, P.M. Jonas, Journal of Neuroscience 17 (1997) 204–215.","ista":"Götz T, Kraushaar U, Geiger J, Lubke J, Berger T, Jonas PM. 1997. Functional properties of AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed in identified types of basal ganglia neurons. Journal of Neuroscience. 17(1), 204–215.","mla":"Götz, Thomas, et al. “Functional Properties of AMPA and NMDA Receptors Expressed in Identified Types of Basal Ganglia Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 17, no. 1, Society for Neuroscience, 1997, pp. 204–15, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997</a>.","chicago":"Götz, Thomas, Udo Kraushaar, Jörg Geiger, Joachim Lubke, Thomas Berger, and Peter M Jonas. “Functional Properties of AMPA and NMDA Receptors Expressed in Identified Types of Basal Ganglia Neurons.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience, 1997. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997</a>.","ama":"Götz T, Kraushaar U, Geiger J, Lubke J, Berger T, Jonas PM. Functional properties of AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed in identified types of basal ganglia neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 1997;17(1):204-215. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997</a>","apa":"Götz, T., Kraushaar, U., Geiger, J., Lubke, J., Berger, T., &#38; Jonas, P. M. (1997). Functional properties of AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed in identified types of basal ganglia neurons. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997</a>","ieee":"T. Götz, U. Kraushaar, J. Geiger, J. Lubke, T. Berger, and P. M. Jonas, “Functional properties of AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed in identified types of basal ganglia neurons,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 17, no. 1. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 204–215, 1997."},"oa_version":"Published Version","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_processing_charge":"No","pmid":1,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","external_id":{"pmid":["8987749"]},"page":"204 - 215","publication":"Journal of Neuroscience","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6793708/","open_access":"1"}],"abstract":[{"text":"AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs and NMDARs) mediate excitatory synoptic transmission in the basal ganglia and may contribute to excitotoxic injury. We investigated the functional properties of AMPARs and NMDARs expressed by six main types of basal ganglia neurons in acute rat brain slices (principal neurons and cholinergic interneurons of striatum, GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra, globus pallidus neurons, and subthalamic nucleus neurons) using fast application of glutamate to nucleated and outside-out membrane patches, AMPARs in different types of basal ganglia neurons were functionally distinct. Those expressed in striatal principal neurons exhibited the slowest gating (desensitization time constant τ = 11.5 msec, 1 mM glutamate, 22°C), whereas those in striatal cholinergic interneurons showed the fastest gating (desensitization time constant τ = 3.6 msec). The lowest Ca2+ permeability of AMPARs was observed in nigral dopaminergic neurons (P(CA)/P(NA) = 0.10), whereas the highest Ca2+ permeability was found in subthalamic nucleus neurons (P(Ca)/P(Na) = 1.17). NMDARs of different types of basal ganglia neurons were less variable in their functional properties; those expressed in nigral dopaminergic neurons exhibited the slowest gating (deactivation time constant of predominant fast component τ1 150 msec, 100 μM glutamate), and those of globus pallidus neurons showed the fastest gating (τ1 = 67 msec). The Mg2+ block of NMDARs was similar; the average chord conductance ratio g(+60mv)/g(+40mV) was 0.18-0.22 in 100 μM external Mg2+. Hence, AMPARs expressed in different types of basal ganglia neurons are markedly diverse, whereas NMDARs are less variable in functional properties that are relevant for excitatory synoptic transmission and neuronal vulnerability.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":17,"doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997","year":"1997","day":"01","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Grant BE1859 to T.B. and SFB505/C5 to P.J. We thank Mrs. B. Plessow-Freudenberg for help with the immunocytochemistry, Dr. M. Ha¨usser for advice concerning the \r\n reparation of midbrain slices, and Drs. J. Bischofberger, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, and M. Martina for critically reading this manuscript.","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00204.1997","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","intvolume":"        17","title":"Functional properties of AMPA and NMDA receptors expressed in identified types of basal ganglia neurons","scopus_import":"1","_id":"3482","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0270-6474"]}},{"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0270-6474"]},"_id":"3483","intvolume":"        17","scopus_import":"1","title":"A novel type of GABAergic interneuron connecting the input and the output regions of the hippocampus.","article_type":"original","date_published":"1997-07-15T00:00:00Z","year":"1997","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 505/A3 and Leibniz program to M.F., SFB 505/C5 to P.J., and DFG 432/3 to H.M.) We thank Drs. H. Scharfman, M. Häusser, and I. Vida for critically reading an earlier version of this manuscript. We are also grateful to B. Joch, S. Nestel, M. Winter, and U. Amtmann for excellent technical assistance.","day":"15","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997","abstract":[{"text":"The main excitatory pathway of the hippocampal formation is controlled by a network of morphologically distinct populations of GABAergic interneurons. Here we describe a novel type of GABAergic interneuron located in the outer molecular layer (OML) of the rat dentate gyrus with a long- range forward projection from the dentate gyrus to the subiculum across the hippocampal fissure, OML interneurons were recorded in hippocampal slices by using the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. During recording, cells were filled with biocytin for subsequent light and electron microscopic analysis. Neurons projecting to the subiculum were distributed throughout the entire OML. They had round or ovoid somata and a multipolar dendritic morphology. Two axonal domains could be distinguished: an extensive, tangential distribution within the OML and a long-range vertical and tangential projection to layer 1 and stratum pyramidale of the subiculum. Symmetric synaptic contacts were established by these interneurons on dendritic shafts in the OML and subiculum. OML interneurons were characterized physiologically by short action potential duration and marked afterhyperpolarization that followed the spike. On sustained current injection, they generated high- frequency (up to 130 Hz, 34°C) trains of action potentials with only little adaptation. In situ hybridization and single-call RT-PCR analysis for GAD67 mRNA confirmed the GABAergic nature of OML interneurons. GABAergic interneurons in the OML projecting to the subiculum connect the input and output regions of the hippocampus. Hence, they could mediate long-range feed- forward inhibition and may participate in an oscillating cross-regional interneuron network that may synchronize the activity of spatially distributed principal neurons in the dentate gyrus and the subiculum.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":17,"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6793821/"}],"pmid":1,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","page":"5380 - 5394","external_id":{"pmid":["9204922"]},"publication":"Journal of Neuroscience","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_processing_charge":"No","month":"07","citation":{"mla":"Ceranik, Katya, et al. “A Novel Type of GABAergic Interneuron Connecting the Input and the Output Regions of the Hippocampus.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 17, no. 14, Society for Neuroscience, 1997, pp. 5380–94, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997</a>.","ista":"Ceranik K, Bender R, Geiger J, Monyer H, Jonas PM, Frotscher M, Lubke J. 1997. A novel type of GABAergic interneuron connecting the input and the output regions of the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience. 17(14), 5380–5394.","short":"K. Ceranik, R. Bender, J. Geiger, H. Monyer, P.M. Jonas, M. Frotscher, J. Lubke, Journal of Neuroscience 17 (1997) 5380–5394.","ama":"Ceranik K, Bender R, Geiger J, et al. A novel type of GABAergic interneuron connecting the input and the output regions of the hippocampus. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 1997;17(14):5380-5394. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997</a>","apa":"Ceranik, K., Bender, R., Geiger, J., Monyer, H., Jonas, P. M., Frotscher, M., &#38; Lubke, J. (1997). A novel type of GABAergic interneuron connecting the input and the output regions of the hippocampus. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997</a>","ieee":"K. Ceranik <i>et al.</i>, “A novel type of GABAergic interneuron connecting the input and the output regions of the hippocampus.,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 17, no. 14. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 5380–5394, 1997.","chicago":"Ceranik, Katya, Roland Bender, Jörg Geiger, Hannah Monyer, Peter M Jonas, Michael Frotscher, and Joachim Lubke. “A Novel Type of GABAergic Interneuron Connecting the Input and the Output Regions of the Hippocampus.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience, 1997. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-14-05380.1997</a>."},"oa_version":"Published Version","type":"journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"Ceranik","full_name":"Ceranik, Katya","first_name":"Katya"},{"last_name":"Bender","full_name":"Bender, Roland","first_name":"Roland"},{"last_name":"Geiger","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg","first_name":"Jörg"},{"full_name":"Monyer, Hannah","first_name":"Hannah","last_name":"Monyer"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","first_name":"Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Frotscher, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Frotscher"},{"first_name":"Joachim","full_name":"Lubke, Joachim","last_name":"Lubke"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","publist_id":"2904","status":"public","issue":"14","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:34Z","date_updated":"2022-08-22T08:18:54Z"},{"title":"Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        14","date_published":"1994-08-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0270-6474"]},"oa":1,"_id":"3476","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/med/8046439"}],"publication":"Journal of Neuroscience","page":"4613 - 4638","external_id":{"pmid":["8046439 "]},"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","pmid":1,"fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994","day":"01","acknowledgement":"logy Training Fellowship. A.L. was supported by a Royal Society Fellowship. The Oxford part of the collaboration was funded by a Wellcome Trust Programme Grant, the Heidelberg part by the Max-Planck Gesellschaft. We are grateful to Sir David Cox for his comments on the statistics, to K. Stratford, M. Hausser, D. Flitney, M. O’Neill, S. Gough, G. Stuart, N. Spruston, P. Stem, and K. Bauer for their help and useful discussions, and to M. Kaiser for technical assistance. ","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994","year":"1994","volume":14,"abstract":[{"text":"Tight-seal whole-cell recordings were made from cleaned somata of CA3 pyramidal cells deep in hippocampal slices from 19–21-d-old rats. The cells were filled with biocytin, and their voltage responses to short current pulses were recorded. After washout of initial sag, responses scaled linearly with injected current and were stable over time. The dendritic and axonal arbors of four cells were reconstructed and measured using light microscopy. Dendritic spines and axonal boutons were counted and the additional membrane area was incorporated into the relevant segments. The morphology of each neuron was converted into a detailed branching cable model by assuming values for specific membrane capacitance Cm and resistance Rm, and cytoplasmic resistivity Ri. These parameters were optimized for each cell by directly matching the model's response to that of the real cell by means of a modified weighted least-squares fitting procedure. By comparing the deviations between model and experimental responses to control noise recordings, approximate 95% confidence intervals were established for each parameter. If a somatic shunt was allowed, a wide range of possible Rm values produced acceptable fits. With zero shunt, Cm was 0.7–0.8 microFcm-2, Ri was 170–340 omega cm, and Rm ranged between 120 and 200 k omega cm2. The electrotonic lengths of the basal and oblique dendrites were 0.2–0.3 space constants, and those of the apical tufts were 0.4–0.7 space constants. The steady-state electrical geometry of these cells was therefore compact; average dendritic tip/soma relative synaptic efficacies were &gt; 93% for the basal and oblique dendrites, and &gt; 81% for the tufts. With fast transient synaptic inputs, however, the models produced a wide range of postsynaptic potential shapes and marked filtering of voltage-clamp currents.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Major","first_name":"Guy","full_name":"Major, Guy"},{"first_name":"Alan","full_name":"Larkman, Alan","last_name":"Larkman"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","first_name":"Peter M","last_name":"Jonas","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804"},{"last_name":"Sakmann","first_name":"Bert","full_name":"Sakmann, Bert"},{"last_name":"Jack","full_name":"Jack, Julian","first_name":"Julian"}],"type":"journal_article","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","citation":{"short":"G. Major, A. Larkman, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, J. Jack, Journal of Neuroscience 14 (1994) 4613–4638.","ista":"Major G, Larkman A, Jonas PM, Sakmann B, Jack J. 1994. Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Neuroscience. 14(8), 4613–4638.","mla":"Major, Guy, et al. “Detailed Passive Cable Models of Whole-Cell Recorded CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 14, no. 8, Society for Neuroscience, 1994, pp. 4613–38, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994</a>.","chicago":"Major, Guy, Alan Larkman, Peter M Jonas, Bert Sakmann, and Julian Jack. “Detailed Passive Cable Models of Whole-Cell Recorded CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience, 1994. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994</a>.","apa":"Major, G., Larkman, A., Jonas, P. M., Sakmann, B., &#38; Jack, J. (1994). Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994</a>","ieee":"G. Major, A. Larkman, P. M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, and J. Jack, “Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 14, no. 8. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 4613–4638, 1994.","ama":"Major G, Larkman A, Jonas PM, Sakmann B, Jack J. Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 1994;14(8):4613-4638. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994</a>"},"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"08","date_updated":"2022-06-03T09:36:43Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:32Z","status":"public","publist_id":"2911","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"8"},{"month":"04","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"chicago":"Tanabe, Yasuto, Akinori Nomura, Masayuki Masu, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience, 1993. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>.","ieee":"Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi, “Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4,” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 13, no. 4. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 1372–1378, 1993.","apa":"Tanabe, Y., Nomura, A., Masu, M., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1993). Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. Society for Neuroscience. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>","ama":"Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. 1993;13(4):1372-1378. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>","short":"Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Neuroscience 13 (1993) 1372–1378.","ista":"Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 13(4), 1372–1378.","mla":"Tanabe, Yasuto, et al. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>, vol. 13, no. 4, Society for Neuroscience, 1993, pp. 1372–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993\">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993</a>."},"article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Tanabe","first_name":"Yasuto","full_name":"Tanabe, Yasuto"},{"last_name":"Nomura","first_name":"Akinori","full_name":"Nomura, Akinori"},{"last_name":"Masu","first_name":"Masayuki","full_name":"Masu, Masayuki"},{"full_name":"Shigemoto, Ryuichi","first_name":"Ryuichi","last_name":"Shigemoto","id":"499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8761-9444"},{"last_name":"Mizuno","full_name":"Mizuno, Noboru","first_name":"Noboru"},{"last_name":"Nakanishi","first_name":"Shigetada","full_name":"Nakanishi, Shigetada"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","issue":"4","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publist_id":"4361","date_updated":"2022-03-31T14:49:42Z","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:58:15Z","_id":"2537","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0270-6474"]},"date_published":"1993-04-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","title":"Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4","scopus_import":"1","intvolume":"        13","abstract":[{"text":"The metabotropic glutamate receptors are coupled to intracellular signal transduction via G-proteins and consist of a family of at least five different subtypes, termed mGluR1-mGluR5. We studied the signal transduction mechanism and pharmacological characteristics of the rat mGluR3 and mGluR4 subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary cells permanently expressing the cloned receptors. Both mGluR3 and mGluR4 inhibit the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP formation in response to agonist interaction. Consistent with the high degree of sequence similarity to mGluR2, mGluR3 closely resembles mGluR2 in its agonist selectivity; the potency rank order of agonists is L-glutamate &gt; trans-1-aminocyclopentane- 1,3-dicarboxylate &gt; ibotenate &gt; quisqualate. mGluR4 is totally different in its agonist specificity from any other member of the metabotropic receptors. This receptor potently reacts with L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate(L-AP4) in a stereo-selective manner and moderately responds to L-serine-O-phosphate. mGluR4 thus corresponds well to the putative L-AP4 receptor characterized from brain preparations. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that both mRNAs are widely distributed in the rat brain. mGluR3 mRNA is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex and the caudate- putamen, and in granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The expression pattern of mGluR4 mRNA is more restricted, and this expression is prominent in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and thalamus. Furthermore, the mGluR3 mRNA, unlike the other mRNAs for the metabotropic receptors, is highly expressed in glial cells throughout the brain regions. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes can thus be classified into three subgroups according to the similarity in their amino acid sequences, signal transduction, and agonist selectivity: mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4. The mRNAs for the individual receptor subtypes, however, show overlapping but distinct patterns of expression in the rat CNS.","lang":"eng"}],"volume":13,"year":"1993","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993","fulldoi":"https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance. This work was  supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Semi Life Science Foundation. ","day":"01","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["8463825"]},"page":"1372 - 1378","publication":"Journal of Neuroscience","publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463825/","open_access":"1"}]}]