@article{19637,
  abstract     = {PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA’s M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large number of stars. PLATO will detect small planets (down to <2R Earth) around bright stars (<11 mag), including terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. With the complement of radial velocity observations from the ground, planets will be characterised for their radius, mass, and age with high accuracy (5%, 10%, 10% for an Earth-Sun combination respectively). PLATO will provide us with a large-scale catalogue of well-characterised small planets up to intermediate orbital periods, relevant for a meaningful comparison to planet formation theories and to better understand planet evolution. It will make possible comparative exoplanetology to place our Solar System planets in a broader context. In parallel, PLATO will study (host) stars using asteroseismology, allowing us to determine the stellar properties with high accuracy, substantially enhancing our knowledge of stellar structure and evolution. The payload instrument consists of 26 cameras with 12cm aperture each. For at least four years, the mission will perform high-precision photometric measurements. Here we review the science objectives, present PLATO‘s target samples and fields, provide an overview of expected core science performance as well as a description of the instrument and the mission profile towards the end of the serial production of the flight cameras. PLATO is scheduled for a launch date end 2026. This overview therefore provides a summary of the mission to the community in preparation of the upcoming operational phases.},
  author       = {Rauer, Heike and Aerts, Conny and Cabrera, Juan and Deleuil, Magali and Erikson, Anders and Gizon, Laurent and Goupil, Mariejo and Heras, Ana and Walloschek, Thomas and Lorenzo-Alvarez, Jose and Marliani, Filippo and Martin-Garcia, César and Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel and O’Rourke, Laurence and Osborn, Hugh and Pagano, Isabella and Piotto, Giampaolo and Pollacco, Don and Ragazzoni, Roberto and Ramsay, Gavin and Udry, Stéphane and Appourchaux, Thierry and Benz, Willy and Brandeker, Alexis and Güdel, Manuel and Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo and Kabath, Petr and Kjeldsen, Hans and Min, Michiel and Santos, Nuno and Smith, Alan and Suarez, Juan Carlos and Werner, Stephanie C. and Aboudan, Alessio and Abreu, Manuel and Acuña, Lorena and Adams, Moritz and Adibekyan, Vardan and Affer, Laura and Agneray, François and Agnor, Craig and Aguirre Børsen-Koch, Victor and Ahmed, Saad and Aigrain, Suzanne and Al-Bahlawan, Ashraf and Alcacera Gil, Ma De Los Angeles and Alei, Eleonora and Alencar, Silvia and Alexander, Richard and Alfonso-Garzón, Julia and Alibert, Yann and Allende Prieto, Carlos and Almeida, Leonardo and Alonso Sobrino, Roi and Altavilla, Giuseppe and Althaus, Christian and Alvarez Trujillo, Luis Alonso and Amarsi, Anish and Ammler-Von Eiff, Matthias and Amôres, Eduardo and Andrade, Laerte and Antoniadis-Karnavas, Alexandros and António, Carlos and Aparicio Del Moral, Beatriz and Appolloni, Matteo and Arena, Claudio and Armstrong, David and Aroca Aliaga, Jose and Asplund, Martin and Audenaert, Jeroen and Auricchio, Natalia and Avelino, Pedro and Baeke, Ann and Baillié, Kevin and Balado, Ana and Ballber Balagueró, Pau and Balestra, Andrea and Ball, Warrick and Ballans, Herve and Ballot, Jerome and Barban, Caroline and Barbary, Gaële and Barbieri, Mauro and Barceló Forteza, Sebastià and Barker, Adrian and Barklem, Paul and Barnes, Sydney and Barrado Navascues, David and Barragan, Oscar and Baruteau, Clément and Basu, Sarbani and Baudin, Frederic and Baumeister, Philipp and Bayliss, Daniel and Bazot, Michael and Beck, Paul G. and Belkacem, Kevin and Bellinger, Earl and Benatti, Serena and Benomar, Othman and Bérard, Diane and Bergemann, Maria and Bergomi, Maria and Bernardo, Pierre and Biazzo, Katia and Bignamini, Andrea and Bigot, Lionel and Billot, Nicolas and Binet, Martin and Biondi, David and Biondi, Federico and Birch, Aaron C. and Bitsch, Bertram and Bluhm Ceballos, Paz Victoria and Bódi, Attila and Bognár, Zsófia and Boisse, Isabelle and Bolmont, Emeline and Bonanno, Alfio and Bonavita, Mariangela and Bonfanti, Andrea and Bonfils, Xavier and Bonito, Rosaria and Bonomo, Aldo Stefano and Börner, Anko and Boro Saikia, Sudeshna and Borreguero Martín, Elisa and Borsa, Francesco and Borsato, Luca and Bossini, Diego and Bouchy, Francois and Boué, Gwenaël and Boufleur, Rodrigo and Boumier, Patrick and Bourrier, Vincent and Bowman, Dominic M. and Bozzo, Enrico and Bradley, Louisa and Bray, John and Bressan, Alessandro and Breton, Sylvain and Brienza, Daniele and Brito, Ana and Brogi, Matteo and Brown, Beverly and Brown, David J.A. and Brun, Allan Sacha and Bruno, Giovanni and Bruns, Michael and Buchhave, Lars A. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Buldgen, Gaël and Burgess, Patrick and Busatta, Andrea and Busso, Giorgia and Buzasi, Derek and Caballero, José A. and Cabral, Alexandre and Cabrero Gomez, Juan Francisco and Calderone, Flavia and Cameron, Robert and Cameron, Andrew and Campante, Tiago and Campos Gestal, Néstor and Canto Martins, Bruno Leonardo and Cara, Christophe and Carone, Ludmila and Carrasco, Josep Manel and Casagrande, Luca and Casewell, Sarah L. and Cassisi, Santi and Castellani, Marco and Castro, Matthieu and Catala, Claude and Catalán Fernández, Irene and Catelan, Márcio and Cegla, Heather and Cerruti, Chiara and Cessa, Virginie and Chadid, Merieme and Chaplin, William and Charpinet, Stephane and Chiappini, Cristina and Chiarucci, Simone and Chiavassa, Andrea and Chinellato, Simonetta and Chirulli, Giovanni and Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen and Church, Ross and Claret, Antonio and Clarke, Cathie and Claudi, Riccardo and Clermont, Lionel and Coelho, Hugo and Coelho, Joao and Cogato, Fabrizio and Colomé, Josep and Condamin, Mathieu and Conde García, Fernando and Conseil, Simon and Corbard, Thierry and Correia, Alexandre C.M. and Corsaro, Enrico and Cosentino, Rosario and Costes, Jean and Cottinelli, Andrea and Covone, Giovanni and Creevey, Orlagh L. and Crida, Aurelien and Csizmadia, Szilard and Cunha, Margarida and Curry, Patrick and Da Costa, Jefferson and Da Silva, Francys and Dalal, Shweta and Damasso, Mario and Damiani, Cilia and Damiani, Francesco and Das Chagas, Maria Liduina and Davies, Melvyn and Davies, Guy and Davies, Ben and Davison, Gary and De Almeida, Leandro and De Angeli, Francesca and De Barros, Susana Cristina Cabral and De Castroleão, Izan and De Freitas, Daniel Brito and De Freitas, Marcia Cristina and De Martino, Domitilla and De Medeiros, José Renan and De Paula, Luiz Alberto and De Pedraza Gómez, Álvaro and De Plaa, Jelle and De Ridder, Joris and Deal, Morgan and Decin, Leen and Deeg, Hans and Degl’Innocenti, Scilla and Deheuvels, Sebastien and Del Burgo, Carlos and Del Sordo, Fabio and Delgado-Mena, Elisa and Demangeon, Olivier and Denk, Tilmann and Derekas, Aliz and Desert, Jean Michel and Desidera, Silvano and Dexet, Marc and Di Criscienzo, Marcella and Di Giorgio, Anna Maria and Di Mauro, Maria Pia and Diaz Rial, Federico Jose and Díaz-García, José Javier and Dima, Marco and Dinuzzi, Giacomo and Dionatos, Odysseas and Distefano, Elisa and Do Nascimento, Jose Dias and Domingo, Albert and D’Orazi, Valentina and Dorn, Caroline and Doyle, Lauren and Duarte, Elena and Ducellier, Florent and Dumaye, Luc and Dumusque, Xavier and Dupret, Marc Antoine and Eggenberger, Patrick and Ehrenreich, David and Eigmüller, Philipp and Eising, Johannes and Emilio, Marcelo and Eriksson, Kjell and Ermocida, Marco and Escate Giribaldi, Riano Isidoro and Eschen, Yoshi and Espinosa Yáñez, Lucía and Estrela, Inês and Evans, Dafydd Wyn and Fabbian, Damian and Fabrizio, Michele and Faria, João Pedro and Farina, Maria and Farinato, Jacopo and Feliz, Dax and Feltzing, Sofia and Fenouillet, Thomas and Fernández, Miguel and Ferrari, Lorenza and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio and Fialho, Fabio and Fienga, Agnes and Figueira, Pedro and Fiori, Laura and Flaccomio, Ettore and Focardi, Mauro and Foley, Steve and Fontignie, Jean and Ford, Dominic and Fornazier, Karin and Forveille, Thierry and Fossati, Luca and Franca, Rodrigo De Marca and Franco Da Silva, Lucas and Frasca, Antonio and Fridlund, Malcolm and Furlan, Marco and Gabler, Sarah Maria and Gaido, Marco and Gallagher, Andrew and Gallego Sempere, Paloma I. and Galli, Emanuele and García, Rafael A. and García Hernández, Antonio and Garcia Munoz, Antonio and García-Vázquez, Hugo and Garrido Haba, Rafael and Gaulme, Patrick and Gauthier, Nicolas and Gehan, Charlotte and Gent, Matthew and Georgieva, Iskra and Ghigo, Mauro and Giana, Edoardo and Gill, Samuel and Girardi, Leo and Giuliatti Winter, Silvia and Giusi, Giovanni and Gomes Da Silva, João and Gómez Zazo, Luis Jorge and Gomez-Lopez, Juan Manuel and González Hernández, Jonay Isai and Gonzalez Murillo, Kevin and Gonzalo Melchor, Alejandro and Gorius, Nicolas and Gouel, Pierre Vincent and Goulty, Duncan and Granata, Valentina and Grenfell, John Lee and Grießbach, Denis and Grolleau, Emmanuel and Grouffal, Salomé and Grziwa, Sascha and Guarcello, Mario Giuseppe and Gueguen, Loïc and Guenther, Eike Wolf and Guilhem, Terrasa and Guillerot, Lucas and Guillot, Tristan and Guiot, Pierre and Guterman, Pascal and Gutiérrez, Antonio and Gutiérrez-Canales, Fernando and Hagelberg, Janis and Haldemann, Jonas and Hall, Cassandra and Handberg, Rasmus and Harrison, Ian and Harrison, Diana L. and Hasiba, Johann and Haswell, Carole A. and Hatalova, Petra and Hatzes, Artie and Haywood, Raphaelle and Hébrard, Guillaume and Heckes, Frank and Heiter, Ulrike and Hekker, Saskia and Heller, René and Helling, Christiane and Helminiak, Krzysztof and Hemsley, Simon and Heng, Kevin and Herbst, Konstantin and Hermans, Aline and Hermes, J. J. and Hidalgo Torres, Nadia and Hinkel, Natalie and Hobbs, David and Hodgkin, Simon and Hofmann, Karl and Hojjatpanah, Saeed and Houdek, Günter and Huber, Daniel and Huesler, Joseph and Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain and Huygen, Rik and Huynh, Duc Dat and Iro, Nicolas and Irwin, Jonathan and Irwin, Mike and Izidoro, André and Jacquinod, Sophie and Jannsen, Nicholas Emborg and Janson, Markus and Jeszenszky, Harald and Jiang, Chen and Jimenez Mancebo, Antonio José and Jofre, Paula and Johansen, Anders and Johnston, Cole and Jones, Geraint and Kallinger, Thomas and Kálmán, Szilárd and Kanitz, Thomas and Karjalainen, Marie and Karjalainen, Raine and Karoff, Christoffer and Kawaler, Steven and Kawata, Daisuke and Keereman, Arnoud and Keiderling, David and Kennedy, Tom and Kenworthy, Matthew and Kerschbaum, Franz and Kidger, Mark and Kiefer, Flavien and Kintziger, Christian and Kislyakova, Kristina and Kiss, László and Klagyivik, Peter and Klahr, Hubert and Klevas, Jonas and Kochukhov, Oleg and Köhler, Ulrich and Kolb, Ulrich and Koncz, Alexander and Korth, Judith and Kostogryz, Nadiia and Kovács, Gábor and Kovács, József and Kozhura, Oleg and Krivova, Natalie and Kuĉinskas, Arūnas and Kuhlemann, Ilyas and Kupka, Friedrich and Laauwen, Wouter and Labiano, Alvaro and Lagarde, Nadege and Laget, Philippe and Laky, Gunter and Lam, Kristine Wai Fun and Lambrechts, Michiel and Lammer, Helmut and Lanza, Antonino Francesco and Lanzafame, Alessandro and Lares Martiz, Mariel and Laskar, Jacques and Latter, Henrik and Lavanant, Tony and Lawrenson, Alastair and Lazzoni, Cecilia and Lebre, Agnes and Lebreton, Yveline and Lecavelier Des Etangs, Alain and Lee, Katherine and Leinhardt, Zoe and Leleu, Adrien and Lendl, Monika and Leto, Giuseppe and Levillain, Yves and Libert, Anne Sophie and Lichtenberg, Tim and Ligi, Roxanne and Lignieres, Francois and Lillo-Box, Jorge and Linsky, Jeffrey and Liu, John Scige and Loidolt, Dominik and Longval, Yuying and Lopes, Ilídio and Lorenzani, Andrea and Ludwig, Hans Guenter and Lund, Mikkel and Lundkvist, Mia Sloth and Luri, Xavier and Maceroni, Carla and Madden, Sean and Madhusudhan, Nikku and Maggio, Antonio and Magliano, Christian and Magrin, Demetrio and Mahy, Laurent and Maibaum, Olaf and Malac-Allain, Lee Roy and Malapert, Jean Christophe and Malavolta, Luca and Maldonado, Jesus and Mamonova, Elena and Manchon, Louis and Manjón, Andres and Mann, Andrew and Mantovan, Giacomo and Marafatto, Luca and Marconi, Marcella and Mardling, Rosemary and Marigo, Paola and Marinoni, Silvia and Marques, Rico and Marques, Joao Pedro and Marrese, Paola Maria and Marshall, Douglas and Martínez Perales, Silvia and Mary, David and Marzari, Francesco and Masana, Eduard and Mascher, Andrina and Mathis, Stéphane and Mathur, Savita and Martín Vodopivec, Iris and Mattiuci Figueiredo, Ana Carolina and Maxted, Pierre F.L. and Mazeh, Tsevi and Mazevet, Stephane and Mazzei, Francesco and Mccormac, James and Mcmillan, Paul and Menou, Lucas and Merle, Thibault and Meru, Farzana and Mesa, Dino and Messina, Sergio and Mészáros, Szabolcs and Meunier, Nadége and Meunier, Jean Charles and Micela, Giuseppina and Michaelis, Harald and Michel, Eric and Michielsen, Mathias and Michtchenko, Tatiana and Miglio, Andrea and Miguel, Yamila and Milligan, David and Mirouh, Giovanni and Mitchell, Morgan and Moedas, Nuno and Molendini, Francesca and Molnár, László and Mombarg, Joey and Montalban, Josefina and Montalto, Marco and Monteiro, Mário J.P.F.G. and Montoro Sánchez, Francisco and Morales, Juan Carlos and Morales-Calderon, Maria and Morbidelli, Alessandro and Mordasini, Christoph and Moreau, Chrystel and Morel, Thierry and Morello, Giuseppe and Morin, Julien and Mortier, Annelies and Mosser, Benoît and Mourard, Denis and Mousis, Olivier and Moutou, Claire and Mowlavi, Nami and Moya, Andrés and Muehlmann, Prisca and Muirhead, Philip and Munari, Matteo and Musella, Ilaria and Mustill, Alexander James and Nardetto, Nicolas and Nardiello, Domenico and Narita, Norio and Nascimbeni, Valerio and Nash, Anna and Neiner, Coralie and Nelson, Richard P. and Nettelmann, Nadine and Nicolini, Gianalfredo and Nielsen, Martin and Niemi, Sami Matias and Noack, Lena and Noels-Grotsch, Arlette and Noll, Anthony and Norazman, Azib and Norton, Andrew J. and Nsamba, Benard and Ofir, Aviv and Ogilvie, Gordon and Olander, Terese and Olivetto, Christian and Olofsson, Göran and Ong, Joel and Ortolani, Sergio and Oshagh, Mahmoudreza and Ottacher, Harald and Ottensamer, Roland and Ouazzani, Rhita Maria and Paardekooper, Sijme Jan and Pace, Emanuele and Pajas, Miriam and Palacios, Ana and Palandri, Gaelle and Palle, Enric and Paproth, Carsten and Parro, Vanderlei and Parviainen, Hannu and Pascual Granado, Javier and Passegger, Vera Maria and Pastor-Morales, Carmen and Pätzold, Martin and Pedersen, May Gade and Pena Hidalgo, David and Pepe, Francesco and Pereira, Filipe and Persson, Carina M. and Pertenais, Martin and Peter, Gisbert and Petit, Antoine C. and Petit, Pascal and Pezzuto, Stefania and Pichierri, Gabriele and Pietrinferni, Adriano and Pinheiro, Fernando and Pinsonneault, Marc and Plachy, Emese and Plasson, Philippe and Plez, Bertrand and Poppenhaeger, Katja and Poretti, Ennio and Portaluri, Elisa and Portell, Jordi and Porto De Mello, Gustavo Frederico and Poyatos, Julien and Pozuelos, Francisco J. and Prada Moroni, Pier Giorgio and Pricopi, Dumitru and Prisinzano, Loredana and Quade, Matthias and Quirrenbach, Andreas and Rabanal Reina, Julio Arturo and Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina and Raimondo, Gabriella and Rainer, Monica and Ramón Rodón, Jose and Ramón-Ballesta, Alejandro and Ramos Zapata, Gonzalo and Rätz, Stefanie and Rauterberg, Christoph and Redman, Bob and Redmer, Ronald and Reese, Daniel and Regibo, Sara and Reiners, Ansgar and Reinhold, Timo and Renie, Christian and Ribas, Ignasi and Ribeiro, Sergio and Ricciardi, Thiago Pereira and Rice, Ken and Richard, Olivier and Riello, Marco and Rieutord, Michel and Ripepi, Vincenzo and Rixon, Guy and Rockstein, Steve and Rodón Ortiz, José Ramón and Rodrigo Rodríguez, María Teresa and Rodríguez Amor, Alberto and Rodríguez Díaz, Luisa Fernanda and Rodriguez Garcia, Juan Pablo and Rodriguez-Gomez, Julio and Roehlly, Yannick and Roig, Fernando and Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara and Rolf, Tobias and Rørsted, Jakob Lysgaard and Rosado, Hugo and Rosotti, Giovanni and Roth, Olivier and Roth, Markus and Rousseau, Alex and Roxburgh, Ian and Roy, Fabrice and Royer, Pierre and Ruane, Kirk and Rufini Mastropasqua, Sergio and Ruiz De Galarreta, Claudia and Russi, Andrea and Saar, Steven and Saillenfest, Melaine and Salaris, Maurizio and Salmon, Sebastien and Saltas, Ippocratis and Samadi, Réza and Samadi, Aunia and Samra, Dominic and Sanches Da Silva, Tiago and Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés and Santerne, Alexandre and Santiago Pé, Amaia and Santoli, Francesco and Santos, Ängela R.G. and Sanz Mesa, Rosario and Sarro, Luis Manuel and Scandariato, Gaetano and Schäfer, Martin and Schlafly, Edward and Schmider, François Xavier and Schneider, Jean and Schou, Jesper and Schunker, Hannah and Schwarzkopf, Gabriel Jörg and Serenelli, Aldo and Seynaeve, Dries and Shan, Yutong and Shapiro, Alexander and Shipman, Russel and Sicilia, Daniela and Sierra Sanmartin, Maria Angeles and Sigot, Axelle and Silliman, Kyle and Silvotti, Roberto and Simon, Attila E. and Simoyama Napoli, Ricardo and Skarka, Marek and Smalley, Barry and Smiljanic, Rodolfo and Smit, Samuel and Smith, Alexis and Smith, Leigh and Snellen, Ignas and Sódor, Ádám and Sohl, Frank and Solanki, Sami K. and Sortino, Francesca and Sousa, Sérgio and Southworth, John and Souto, Diogo and Sozzetti, Alessandro and Stamatellos, Dimitris and Stassun, Keivan and Steller, Manfred and Stello, Dennis and Stelzer, Beate and Stiebeler, Ulrike and Stokholm, Amalie and Storelvmo, Trude and Strassmeier, Klaus and Strøm, Paul Anthony and Strugarek, Antoine and Sulis, Sophia and Švanda, Michal and Szabados, László and Szabó, Róbert and Szabó, Gyula M. and Szuszkiewicz, Ewa and Talens, Geert Jan and Teti, Daniele and Theisen, Tom and Thévenin, Frédéric and Thoul, Anne and Tiphene, Didier and Titz-Weider, Ruth and Tkachenko, Andrew and Tomecki, Daniel and Tonfat, Jorge and Tosi, Nicola and Trampedach, Regner and Traven, Gregor and Triaud, Amaury and Trønnes, Reidar and Tsantaki, Maria and Tschentscher, Matthias and Turin, Arnaud and Tvaruzka, Adam and Ulmer, Bernd and Ulmer-Moll, Solène and Ulusoy, Ceren and Umbriaco, Gabriele and Valencia, Diana and Valentini, Marica and Valio, Adriana and Valverde Guijarro, Ángel Luis and Van Eylen, Vincent and Van Grootel, Valerie and Van Kempen, Tim A. and Van Reeth, Timothy and Van Zelst, Iris and Vandenbussche, Bart and Vasiliou, Konstantinos and Vasilyev, Valeriy and Vaz De Mascarenhas, David and Vazan, Allona and Vela Nunez, Marina and Velloso, Eduardo Nunes and Ventura, Rita and Ventura, Paolo and Venturini, Julia and Vera Trallero, Isabel and Veras, Dimitri and Verdugo, Eva and Verma, Kuldeep and Vibert, Didier and Vicanek Martinez, Tobias and Vida, Krisztián and Vigan, Arthur and Villacorta, Antonio and Villaver, Eva and Villaverde Aparicio, Marcos and Viotto, Valentina and Vorobyov, Eduard and Vorontsov, Sergey and Wagner, Frank W. and Walton, Nicholas and Walton, Dave and Wang, Haiyang and Waters, Rens and Watson, Christopher and Wedemeyer, Sven and Weeks, Angharad and Weingrill, Jörg and Weiss, Annita and Wendler, Belinda and West, Richard and Westerdorff, Karsten and Westphal, Pierre Amaury and Wheatley, Peter and White, Tim and Whittaker, Amadou and Wickhusen, Kai and Wilson, Thomas and Windsor, James and Winter, Othon and Winther, Mark Lykke and Winton, Alistair and Witteck, Ulrike and Witzke, Veronika and Woitke, Peter and Wolter, David and Wuchterl, Günther and Wyatt, Mark and Yang, Dan and Yu, Jie and Zanmar Sanchez, Ricardo and Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa and Zechmeister, Mathias and Zhou, Yixiao and Ziemke, Claas and Zwintz, Konstanze and Böhm, Torsten and Dansac, Léo Michel},
  issn         = {1572-9508},
  journal      = {Experimental Astronomy},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{The PLATO mission}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10686-025-09985-9},
  volume       = {59},
  year         = {2025},
}

@article{17508,
  abstract     = {This paper presents the ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper for a concept of TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA). It addresses the science case and some implementation issues of a space-borne radio interferometric system for ultra-sharp imaging of celestial radio sources at the level of angular resolution down to (sub-) microarcseconds. THEZA focuses at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths (frequencies above 
300 GHz), but allows for science operations at longer wavelengths too. The THEZA concept science rationale is focused on the physics of spacetime in the vicinity of supermassive black holes as the leading science driver. The main aim of the concept is to facilitate a major leap by providing researchers with orders of magnitude improvements in the resolution and dynamic range in direct imaging studies of the most exotic objects in the Universe, black holes. The concept will open up a sizeable range of hitherto unreachable parameters of observational astrophysics. It unifies two major lines of development of space-borne radio astronomy of the past decades: Space VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) and mm- and sub-mm astrophysical studies with “single dish” instruments. It also builds upon the recent success of the Earth-based Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) – the first-ever direct image of a shadow of the super-massive black hole in the centre of the galaxy M87. As an amalgam of these three major areas of modern observational astrophysics, THEZA aims at facilitating a breakthrough in high-resolution high image quality studies in the millimetre and sub-millimetre domain of the electromagnetic spectrum.},
  author       = {Gurvits, Leonid I. and Paragi, Zsolt and Casasola, Viviana and Conway, John and Davelaar, Jordy and Falcke, Heino and Fender, Rob and Frey, Sándor and Fromm, Christian M. and Miró, Cristina García and Garrett, Michael A. and Giroletti, Marcello and Goddi, Ciriaco and Gómez, José-Luis and van der Gucht, Jeffrey and Guirado, José Carlos and Haiman, Zoltán and Helmich, Frank and Humphreys, Elizabeth and Impellizzeri, Violette and Kramer, Michael and Lindqvist, Michael and Linz, Hendrik and Liuzzo, Elisabetta and Lobanov, Andrei P. and Mizuno, Yosuke and Rezzolla, Luciano and Roelofs, Freek and Ros, Eduardo and Rygl, Kazi L.J. and Savolainen, Tuomas and Schuster, Karl and Venturi, Tiziana and Wiedner, Martina C. and Zensus, J. Anton},
  issn         = {0922-6435},
  journal      = {Experimental Astronomy},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {559--594},
  publisher    = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  title        = {{THEZA: TeraHertz exploration and zooming-in for astrophysics}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10686-021-09714-y},
  volume       = {51},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{17525,
  abstract     = {Since the very beginning of astronomy the location of objects on the sky has been a fundamental observational quantity that has been taken for granted. While precise two dimensional positional information is easy to obtain for observations in the electromagnetic spectrum, the positional accuracy of current and near future gravitational wave detectors is limited to between tens and hundreds of square degrees, which makes it extremely challenging to identify the host galaxies of gravitational wave events or to detect any electromagnetic counterparts. Gravitational wave observations provide information on source properties that is complementary to the information in any associated electromagnetic emission. Observing systems with multiple messengers thus has scientific potential much greater than the sum of its parts. A gravitational wave detector with higher angular resolution would significantly increase the prospects for finding the hosts of gravitational wave sources and triggering a multi-messenger follow-up campaign. An observatory with arcminute precision or better could be realised within the Voyage 2050 programme by creating a large baseline interferometer array in space and would have transformative scientific potential. Precise positional information of standard sirens would enable precision measurements of cosmological parameters and offer new insights on structure formation; a high angular resolution gravitational wave observatory would allow the detection of a stochastic background and resolution of the anisotropies within it; it would also allow the study of accretion processes around black holes; and it would have tremendous potential for tests of modified gravity and the discovery of physics beyond the Standard Model.},
  author       = {Baker, John and Baker, Tessa and Carbone, Carmelita and Congedo, Giuseppe and Contaldi, Carlo and Dvorkin, Irina and Gair, Jonathan and Haiman, Zoltán and Mota, David F. and Renzini, Arianna and Buis, Ernst-Jan and Cusin, Giulia and Ezquiaga, Jose Maria and Mueller, Guido and Pieroni, Mauro and Quenby, John and Ricciardone, Angelo and Saltas, Ippocratis D. and Shao, Lijing and Tamanini, Nicola and Tasinato, Gianmassimo and Zumalacárregui, Miguel},
  issn         = {0922-6435},
  journal      = {Experimental Astronomy},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {1441--1470},
  publisher    = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  title        = {{High angular resolution gravitational wave astronomy}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10686-021-09712-0},
  volume       = {51},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{17534,
  abstract     = {We propose a space-based interferometer surveying the gravitational wave (GW) sky in the milli-Hz to μ-Hz frequency range. By the 2040s, the μ-Hz frequency band, bracketed in between the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and pulsar timing arrays, will constitute the largest gap in the coverage of the astrophysically relevant GW spectrum. Yet many outstanding questions related to astrophysics and cosmology are best answered by GW observations in this band. We show that a μ-Hz GW detector will be a truly overarching observatory for the scientific community at large, greatly extending the potential of LISA. Conceived to detect massive black hole binaries from their early inspiral with high signal-to-noise ratio, and low-frequency stellar binaries in the Galaxy, this instrument will be a cornerstone for multimessenger astronomy from the solar neighbourhood to the high-redshift Universe.},
  author       = {Sesana, Alberto and Korsakova, Natalia and Sedda, Manuel Arca and Baibhav, Vishal and Barausse, Enrico and Barke, Simon and Berti, Emanuele and Bonetti, Matteo and Capelo, Pedro R. and Caprini, Chiara and Garcia-Bellido, Juan and Haiman, Zoltán and Jani, Karan and Jennrich, Oliver and Johansson, Peter H. and Khan, Fazeel Mahmood and Korol, Valeriya and Lamberts, Astrid and Lupi, Alessandro and Mangiagli, Alberto and Mayer, Lucio and Nardini, Germano and Pacucci, Fabio and Petiteau, Antoine and Raccanelli, Alvise and Rajendran, Surjeet and Regan, John and Shao, Lijing and Spallicci, Alessandro and Tamanini, Nicola and Volonteri, Marta and Warburton, Niels and Wong, Kaze and Zumalacarregui, Miguel},
  issn         = {0922-6435},
  journal      = {Experimental Astronomy},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {1333--1383},
  publisher    = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  title        = {{Unveiling the gravitational universe at μ-Hz frequencies}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10686-021-09709-9},
  volume       = {51},
  year         = {2021},
}