---
_id: '15132'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR-associated
    protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems are a critical component of the bacterial adaptive
    immune response. Since the discovery that they can be reengineered as programmable
    RNA-guided nucleases, there has been significant interest in using these systems
    to perform diverse and precise genetic manipulations. Here, we outline recent
    advances in the mechanistic understanding of CRISPR-Cas9, how these findings have
    been leveraged in the rational redesign of Cas9 variants with altered activities,
    and how these novel tools can be exploited for biotechnology and therapeutics.
    We also discuss the potential of the ubiquitous, yet often-overlooked, multisubunit
    CRISPR effector complexes for large-scale genomic deletions. Furthermore, we highlight
    how future structural studies will bolster these technologies.
article_number: '102839'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Jack Peter Kelly
  full_name: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly
  id: 96aecfa5-8931-11ee-af30-aa6a5d6eee0e
  last_name: Bravo
  orcid: 0000-0003-0456-0753
- first_name: Grace N
  full_name: Hibshman, Grace N
  last_name: Hibshman
- first_name: David W
  full_name: Taylor, David W
  last_name: Taylor
citation:
  ama: Bravo JPK, Hibshman GN, Taylor DW. Constructing next-generation CRISPR–Cas
    tools from structural blueprints. <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>. 2022;78.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839">10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839</a>
  apa: Bravo, J. P. K., Hibshman, G. N., &#38; Taylor, D. W. (2022). Constructing
    next-generation CRISPR–Cas tools from structural blueprints. <i>Current Opinion
    in Biotechnology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839</a>
  chicago: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly, Grace N Hibshman, and David W Taylor. “Constructing
    Next-Generation CRISPR–Cas Tools from Structural Blueprints.” <i>Current Opinion
    in Biotechnology</i>. Elsevier, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839</a>.
  ieee: J. P. K. Bravo, G. N. Hibshman, and D. W. Taylor, “Constructing next-generation
    CRISPR–Cas tools from structural blueprints,” <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>,
    vol. 78. Elsevier, 2022.
  ista: Bravo JPK, Hibshman GN, Taylor DW. 2022. Constructing next-generation CRISPR–Cas
    tools from structural blueprints. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 78, 102839.
  mla: Bravo, Jack Peter Kelly, et al. “Constructing Next-Generation CRISPR–Cas Tools
    from Structural Blueprints.” <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>, vol. 78,
    102839, Elsevier, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839">10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839</a>.
  short: J.P.K. Bravo, G.N. Hibshman, D.W. Taylor, Current Opinion in Biotechnology
    78 (2022).
date_created: 2024-03-20T10:41:53Z
date_published: 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-14T12:34:11Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '36371895'
intvolume: '        78'
keyword:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Bioengineering
- Biotechnology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
pmid: 1
publication: Current Opinion in Biotechnology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0958-1669
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Constructing next-generation CRISPR–Cas tools from structural blueprints
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 78
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '1026'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The optogenetic revolution enabled spatially-precise and temporally-precise
    control over protein function, signaling pathway activation, and animal behavior
    with tremendous success in the dissection of signaling networks and neural circuits.
    Very recently, optogenetic methods have been paired with optical reporters in
    novel drug screening platforms. In these all-optical platforms, light remotely
    activated ion channels and kinases thereby obviating the use of electrophysiology
    or reagents. Consequences were remarkable operational simplicity, throughput,
    and cost-effectiveness that culminated in the identification of new drug candidates.
    These blueprints for all-optical assays also revealed potential pitfalls and inspire
    all-optical variants of other screens, such as those that aim at better understanding
    dynamic drug action or orphan protein function.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants of the European Union Seventh Framework
  Programme (CIG-303564), the Human Frontier Science Program (RGY0084_2012), and the
  Austrian Science Fund FWF (W1232 MolecularDrugTargets).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Viviana
  full_name: Agus, Viviana
  last_name: Agus
- first_name: Harald L
  full_name: Janovjak, Harald L
  id: 33BA6C30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janovjak
  orcid: 0000-0002-8023-9315
citation:
  ama: 'Agus V, Janovjak HL. Optogenetic methods in drug screening: Technologies and
    applications. <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>. 2017;48:8-14. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006">10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006</a>'
  apa: 'Agus, V., &#38; Janovjak, H. L. (2017). Optogenetic methods in drug screening:
    Technologies and applications. <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006</a>'
  chicago: 'Agus, Viviana, and Harald L Janovjak. “Optogenetic Methods in Drug Screening:
    Technologies and Applications.” <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>. Elsevier,
    2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006</a>.'
  ieee: 'V. Agus and H. L. Janovjak, “Optogenetic methods in drug screening: Technologies
    and applications,” <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>, vol. 48. Elsevier,
    pp. 8–14, 2017.'
  ista: 'Agus V, Janovjak HL. 2017. Optogenetic methods in drug screening: Technologies
    and applications. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 48, 8–14.'
  mla: 'Agus, Viviana, and Harald L. Janovjak. “Optogenetic Methods in Drug Screening:
    Technologies and Applications.” <i>Current Opinion in Biotechnology</i>, vol.
    48, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 8–14, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006">10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006</a>.'
  short: V. Agus, H.L. Janovjak, Current Opinion in Biotechnology 48 (2017) 8–14.
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:45Z
date_published: 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-16T09:57:03Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: HaJa
doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000418313200003'
intvolume: '        48'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 8 - 14
project:
- _id: 255BFFFA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  grant_number: RGY0084/2012
  name: In situ real-time imaging of neurotransmitter signaling using designer optical
    sensors
- _id: 25548C20-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '303564'
  name: Microbial Ion Channels for Synthetic Neurobiology
- _id: 255A6082-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: W1232-B24
  name: Molecular Drug Targets
publication: Current Opinion in Biotechnology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0958-1669
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '6365'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Optogenetic methods in drug screening: Technologies and applications'
type: journal_article
user_id: ba8df636-2132-11f1-aed0-ed93e2281fdd
volume: 48
year: '2017'
...