---
_id: '9491'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cytosine DNA methylation in vertebrates is widespread, but methylation in
    plants is found almost exclusively at transposable elements and repetitive DNA
    [1]. Within regions of methylation, methylcytosines are typically found in CG,
    CNG, and asymmetric contexts. CG sites are maintained by a plant homolog of mammalian
    Dnmt1 acting on hemi-methylated DNA after replication. Methylation of CNG and
    asymmetric sites appears to be maintained at each cell cycle by other mechanisms.
    We report a new type of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis, dense CG methylation clusters
    found at scattered sites throughout the genome. These clusters lack non-CG methylation
    and are preferentially found in genes, although they are relatively deficient
    toward the 5′ end. CG methylation clusters are present in lines derived from different
    accessions and in mutants that eliminate de novo methylation, indicating that
    CG methylation clusters are stably maintained at specific sites. Because 5-methylcytosine
    is mutagenic, the appearance of CG methylation clusters over evolutionary time
    predicts a genome-wide deficiency of CG dinucleotides and an excess of C(A/T)G
    trinucleotides within transcribed regions. This is exactly what we find, implying
    that CG methylation clusters have contributed profoundly to plant gene evolution.
    We suggest that CG methylation clusters silence cryptic promoters that arise sporadically
    within transcription units.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Robert K.
  full_name: Tran, Robert K.
  last_name: Tran
- first_name: Jorja G.
  full_name: Henikoff, Jorja G.
  last_name: Henikoff
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Renata F.
  full_name: Ditt, Renata F.
  last_name: Ditt
- first_name: Steven E.
  full_name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
  last_name: Jacobsen
- first_name: Steven
  full_name: Henikoff, Steven
  last_name: Henikoff
citation:
  ama: Tran RK, Henikoff JG, Zilberman D, Ditt RF, Jacobsen SE, Henikoff S. DNA methylation
    profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in Arabidopsis genes. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. 2005;15(2):154-159. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>
  apa: Tran, R. K., Henikoff, J. G., Zilberman, D., Ditt, R. F., Jacobsen, S. E.,
    &#38; Henikoff, S. (2005). DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation
    clusters in Arabidopsis genes. <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>
  chicago: Tran, Robert K., Jorja G. Henikoff, Daniel Zilberman, Renata F. Ditt, Steven
    E. Jacobsen, and Steven Henikoff. “DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies CG Methylation
    Clusters in Arabidopsis Genes.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>.
  ieee: R. K. Tran, J. G. Henikoff, D. Zilberman, R. F. Ditt, S. E. Jacobsen, and
    S. Henikoff, “DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in
    Arabidopsis genes,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 154–159,
    2005.
  ista: Tran RK, Henikoff JG, Zilberman D, Ditt RF, Jacobsen SE, Henikoff S. 2005.
    DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in Arabidopsis genes.
    Current Biology. 15(2), 154–159.
  mla: Tran, Robert K., et al. “DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies CG Methylation
    Clusters in Arabidopsis Genes.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 2, Elsevier,
    2005, pp. 154–59, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008">10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008</a>.
  short: R.K. Tran, J.G. Henikoff, D. Zilberman, R.F. Ditt, S.E. Jacobsen, S. Henikoff,
    Current Biology 15 (2005) 154–159.
date_created: 2021-06-07T10:24:30Z
date_published: 2005-01-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T09:12:26Z
day: '26'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15668172 '
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.008
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 154-159
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-0445
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: DNA methylation profiling identifies CG methylation clusters in Arabidopsis
  genes
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 15
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '6154'
author:
- first_name: Benny H.H.
  full_name: Cheung, Benny H.H.
  last_name: Cheung
- first_name: Merav
  full_name: Cohen, Merav
  last_name: Cohen
- first_name: Candida
  full_name: Rogers, Candida
  last_name: Rogers
- first_name: Onder
  full_name: Albayram, Onder
  last_name: Albayram
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
citation:
  ama: Cheung BHH, Cohen M, Rogers C, Albayram O, de Bono M. Experience-dependent
    modulation of C. elegans behavior by ambient oxygen. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2005;15(10):905-917.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017">10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017</a>
  apa: Cheung, B. H. H., Cohen, M., Rogers, C., Albayram, O., &#38; de Bono, M. (2005).
    Experience-dependent modulation of C. elegans behavior by ambient oxygen. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017</a>
  chicago: Cheung, Benny H.H., Merav Cohen, Candida Rogers, Onder Albayram, and Mario
    de Bono. “Experience-Dependent Modulation of C. Elegans Behavior by Ambient Oxygen.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2005. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017</a>.
  ieee: B. H. H. Cheung, M. Cohen, C. Rogers, O. Albayram, and M. de Bono, “Experience-dependent
    modulation of C. elegans behavior by ambient oxygen,” <i>Current Biology</i>,
    vol. 15, no. 10. Elsevier, pp. 905–917, 2005.
  ista: Cheung BHH, Cohen M, Rogers C, Albayram O, de Bono M. 2005. Experience-dependent
    modulation of C. elegans behavior by ambient oxygen. Current Biology. 15(10),
    905–917.
  mla: Cheung, Benny H. H., et al. “Experience-Dependent Modulation of C. Elegans
    Behavior by Ambient Oxygen.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 15, no. 10, Elsevier,
    2005, pp. 905–17, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017">10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017</a>.
  short: B.H.H. Cheung, M. Cohen, C. Rogers, O. Albayram, M. de Bono, Current Biology
    15 (2005) 905–917.
date_created: 2019-03-21T09:37:48Z
date_published: 2005-05-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:24Z
day: '24'
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.04.017
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15916947'
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '10'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
page: 905-917
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Experience-dependent modulation of C. elegans behavior by ambient oxygen
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '9493'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In a number of organisms, transgenes containing transcribed inverted repeats
    (IRs) that produce hairpin RNA can trigger RNA-mediated silencing, which is associated
    with 21-24 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In plants, IR-driven RNA
    silencing also causes extensive cytosine methylation of homologous DNA in both
    the transgene "trigger" and any other homologous DNA sequences--"targets". Endogenous
    genomic sequences, including transposable elements and repeated elements, are
    also subject to RNA-mediated silencing. The RNA silencing gene ARGONAUTE4 (AGO4)
    is required for maintenance of DNA methylation at several endogenous loci and
    for the establishment of methylation at the FWA gene. Here, we show that mutation
    of AGO4 substantially reduces the maintenance of DNA methylation triggered by
    IR transgenes, but AGO4 loss-of-function does not block the initiation of DNA
    methylation by IRs. AGO4 primarily affects non-CG methylation of the target sequences,
    while the IR trigger sequences lose methylation in all sequence contexts. Finally,
    we find that AGO4 and the DRM methyltransferase genes are required for maintenance
    of siRNAs at a subset of endogenous sequences, but AGO4 is not required for the
    accumulation of IR-induced siRNAs or a number of endogenous siRNAs, suggesting
    that AGO4 may function downstream of siRNA production.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: Xiaofeng
  full_name: Cao, Xiaofeng
  last_name: Cao
- first_name: Lisa K.
  full_name: Johansen, Lisa K.
  last_name: Johansen
- first_name: Zhixin
  full_name: Xie, Zhixin
  last_name: Xie
- first_name: James C.
  full_name: Carrington, James C.
  last_name: Carrington
- first_name: Steven E.
  full_name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
  last_name: Jacobsen
citation:
  ama: Zilberman D, Cao X, Johansen LK, Xie Z, Carrington JC, Jacobsen SE. Role of
    Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation triggered by inverted repeats.
    <i>Current Biology</i>. 2004;14(13):1214-1220. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055">10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055</a>
  apa: Zilberman, D., Cao, X., Johansen, L. K., Xie, Z., Carrington, J. C., &#38;
    Jacobsen, S. E. (2004). Role of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation
    triggered by inverted repeats. <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055</a>
  chicago: Zilberman, Daniel, Xiaofeng Cao, Lisa K. Johansen, Zhixin Xie, James C.
    Carrington, and Steven E. Jacobsen. “Role of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-Directed
    DNA Methylation Triggered by Inverted Repeats.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier,
    2004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055</a>.
  ieee: D. Zilberman, X. Cao, L. K. Johansen, Z. Xie, J. C. Carrington, and S. E.
    Jacobsen, “Role of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation triggered
    by inverted repeats,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 14, no. 13. Elsevier, pp. 1214–1220,
    2004.
  ista: Zilberman D, Cao X, Johansen LK, Xie Z, Carrington JC, Jacobsen SE. 2004.
    Role of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation triggered by inverted
    repeats. Current Biology. 14(13), 1214–1220.
  mla: Zilberman, Daniel, et al. “Role of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-Directed DNA
    Methylation Triggered by Inverted Repeats.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 14, no.
    13, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 1214–20, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055">10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055</a>.
  short: D. Zilberman, X. Cao, L.K. Johansen, Z. Xie, J.C. Carrington, S.E. Jacobsen,
    Current Biology 14 (2004) 1214–1220.
date_created: 2021-06-07T10:33:00Z
date_published: 2004-07-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T08:52:00Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15242620 '
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '13'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.055
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1214-1220
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-0445
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Role of Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation triggered by
  inverted repeats
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 14
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '6155'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans encodes seven soluble guanylate
    cyclases (sGCs) [1]. In mammals, sGCs function as α/β heterodimers activated by
    gaseous ligands binding to a haem prosthetic group 2, 3. The principal activator
    is nitric oxide, which acts through sGCs to regulate diverse cellular events.
    In C. elegans the function of sGCs is mysterious: the worm genome does not appear
    to encode nitric oxide synthase, and all C. elegans sGC subunits are more closely
    related to mammalian β than α subunits [1]. Here, we show that two of the seven
    C. elegans sGCs, GCY-35 and GCY-36, promote aggregation behavior. gcy-35 and gcy-36
    are expressed in a small number of neurons. These include the body cavity neurons
    AQR, PQR, and URX, which are directly exposed to the blood equivalent of C. elegans
    and regulate aggregation behavior [4]. We show that GCY-35 and GCY-36 act as α-like
    and β-like sGC subunits and that their function in the URX sensory neurons is
    sufficient for strong nematode aggregation. Neither GCY-35 nor GCY-36 is absolutely
    required for C. elegans to aggregate. Instead, these molecules may transduce one
    of several pathways that induce C. elegans to aggregate or may modulate aggregation
    by responding to cues in C. elegans body fluid.'
author:
- first_name: Benny H.H
  full_name: Cheung, Benny H.H
  last_name: Cheung
- first_name: Fausto
  full_name: Arellano-Carbajal, Fausto
  last_name: Arellano-Carbajal
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Rybicki, Irene
  last_name: Rybicki
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: de Bono, Mario
  id: 4E3FF80E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: de Bono
  orcid: 0000-0001-8347-0443
citation:
  ama: Cheung BH., Arellano-Carbajal F, Rybicki I, de Bono M. Soluble guanylate cyclases
    act in neurons exposed to the body fluid to promote C. elegans aggregation behavior.
    <i>Current Biology</i>. 2004;14(12):1105-1111. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027">10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027</a>
  apa: Cheung, B. H. ., Arellano-Carbajal, F., Rybicki, I., &#38; de Bono, M. (2004).
    Soluble guanylate cyclases act in neurons exposed to the body fluid to promote
    C. elegans aggregation behavior. <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027</a>
  chicago: Cheung, Benny H.H, Fausto Arellano-Carbajal, Irene Rybicki, and Mario de
    Bono. “Soluble Guanylate Cyclases Act in Neurons Exposed to the Body Fluid to
    Promote C. Elegans Aggregation Behavior.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2004.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027</a>.
  ieee: B. H. . Cheung, F. Arellano-Carbajal, I. Rybicki, and M. de Bono, “Soluble
    guanylate cyclases act in neurons exposed to the body fluid to promote C. elegans
    aggregation behavior,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 14, no. 12. Elsevier, pp.
    1105–1111, 2004.
  ista: Cheung BH., Arellano-Carbajal F, Rybicki I, de Bono M. 2004. Soluble guanylate
    cyclases act in neurons exposed to the body fluid to promote C. elegans aggregation
    behavior. Current Biology. 14(12), 1105–1111.
  mla: Cheung, Benny H. .., et al. “Soluble Guanylate Cyclases Act in Neurons Exposed
    to the Body Fluid to Promote C. Elegans Aggregation Behavior.” <i>Current Biology</i>,
    vol. 14, no. 12, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 1105–11, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027">10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027</a>.
  short: B.H.. Cheung, F. Arellano-Carbajal, I. Rybicki, M. de Bono, Current Biology
    14 (2004) 1105–1111.
date_created: 2019-03-21T09:42:01Z
date_published: 2004-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:06:25Z
day: '22'
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.06.027
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '15203005'
intvolume: '        14'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 1105-1111
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Soluble guanylate cyclases act in neurons exposed to the body fluid to promote
  C. elegans aggregation behavior
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 14
year: '2004'
...
---
_id: '9495'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: RNA interference is a conserved process in which double-stranded RNA is processed
    into 21–25 nucleotide siRNAs that trigger posttranscriptional gene silencing.
    In addition, plants display a phenomenon termed RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM)
    in which DNA with sequence identity to silenced RNA is de novo methylated at its
    cytosine residues. This methylation is not only at canonical CpG sites but also
    at cytosines in CpNpG and asymmetric sequence contexts. In this report, we study
    the role of the DRM and CMT3 DNA methyltransferase genes in the initiation and
    maintenance of RdDM. Neither drm nor cmt3 mutants affected the maintenance of
    preestablished RNA-directed CpG methylation. However, drm mutants showed a nearly
    complete loss of asymmetric methylation and a partial loss of CpNpG methylation.
    The remaining asymmetric and CpNpG methylation was dependent on the activity of
    CMT3, showing that DRM and CMT3 act redundantly to maintain non-CpG methylation.
    These DNA methyltransferases appear to act downstream of siRNAs, since drm1 drm2
    cmt3 triple mutants show a lack of non-CpG methylation but elevated levels of
    siRNAs. Finally, we demonstrate that DRM activity is required for the initial
    establishment of RdDM in all sequence contexts including CpG, CpNpG, and asymmetric
    sites.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Xiaofeng
  full_name: Cao, Xiaofeng
  last_name: Cao
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Aufsatz, Werner
  last_name: Aufsatz
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Zilberman, Daniel
  id: 6973db13-dd5f-11ea-814e-b3e5455e9ed1
  last_name: Zilberman
  orcid: 0000-0002-0123-8649
- first_name: M.Florian
  full_name: Mette, M.Florian
  last_name: Mette
- first_name: Michael S.
  full_name: Huang, Michael S.
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Marjori
  full_name: Matzke, Marjori
  last_name: Matzke
- first_name: Steven E.
  full_name: Jacobsen, Steven E.
  last_name: Jacobsen
citation:
  ama: Cao X, Aufsatz W, Zilberman D, et al. Role of the DRM and CMT3 methyltransferases
    in RNA-directed DNA methylation. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2003;13(24):2212-2217.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052">10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052</a>
  apa: Cao, X., Aufsatz, W., Zilberman, D., Mette, M. F., Huang, M. S., Matzke, M.,
    &#38; Jacobsen, S. E. (2003). Role of the DRM and CMT3 methyltransferases in RNA-directed
    DNA methylation. <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052</a>
  chicago: Cao, Xiaofeng, Werner Aufsatz, Daniel Zilberman, M.Florian Mette, Michael
    S. Huang, Marjori Matzke, and Steven E. Jacobsen. “Role of the DRM and CMT3 Methyltransferases
    in RNA-Directed DNA Methylation.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2003. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052</a>.
  ieee: X. Cao <i>et al.</i>, “Role of the DRM and CMT3 methyltransferases in RNA-directed
    DNA methylation,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 13, no. 24. Elsevier, pp. 2212–2217,
    2003.
  ista: Cao X, Aufsatz W, Zilberman D, Mette MF, Huang MS, Matzke M, Jacobsen SE.
    2003. Role of the DRM and CMT3 methyltransferases in RNA-directed DNA methylation.
    Current Biology. 13(24), 2212–2217.
  mla: Cao, Xiaofeng, et al. “Role of the DRM and CMT3 Methyltransferases in RNA-Directed
    DNA Methylation.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 13, no. 24, Elsevier, 2003, pp.
    2212–17, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052">10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052</a>.
  short: X. Cao, W. Aufsatz, D. Zilberman, M.F. Mette, M.S. Huang, M. Matzke, S.E.
    Jacobsen, Current Biology 13 (2003) 2212–2217.
date_created: 2021-06-07T10:43:02Z
date_published: 2003-12-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-14T08:41:38Z
day: '16'
department:
- _id: DaZi
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '14680640'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '24'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.052
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2212-2217
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-0445
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Role of the DRM and CMT3 methyltransferases in RNA-directed DNA methylation
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 13
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '4169'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Background: During vertebrate gastrulation, cell polarization and migration
    are core components in the cellular rearrangements that lead to the formation
    of the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Previous studies have
    implicated the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway in controlling
    cell morphology and movement during gastrulation. However, cell polarization and
    directed cell migration are reduced but not completely abolished in the absence
    of Wnt/PCP signals; this observation indicates that other signaling pathways must
    be involved. Results: We show that Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases (PI3Ks) are required
    at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation in mesendodermal cells for process formation
    and cell polarization. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) functions upstream
    of PI3K, while Protein Kinase B (PKB), a downstream effector of PI3K activity,
    localizes to the leading edge of migrating mesendodermal cells. In the absence
    of PI3K activity, PKB localization and cell polarization are strongly reduced
    in mesendodermal cells and are followed by slower but still highly coordinated
    and directed movements of these cells. Conclusions: We have identified a novel
    role of a signaling pathway comprised of PDGF, PI3K, and PKB in the control of
    morphogenetic cell movements during gastrulation. Furthermore, our findings provide
    insight into the relationship between cell polarization and directed cell migration
    at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation.'
acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank Jennifer Geiger, Juan Hurl& Hannu Mansu-koski,
  Florian Raible, Marino Zerial, Steve Wilson, and Kurt Anderson for critical reading
  of earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank Erez Raz, Bart Vanhaesebroeck,
  and Lukas Roth for sending us the pCS2-PH-GFP-nos, the p1IOCAAX, and the pCS2-actin-GFP
  constructs, respectively. We are grateful to Marino Zerial and his lab for encouraging
  us to start this work and providing us with the dnP13K construct and to Florian
  Ulrich and Franziska Friedrich for help with the confocal microscope and artwork,
  respectively. We thank Gunter Junghanns and Evelyn Lehmann for excellent fish care.
  C.-P.H. is supported by an Emmy-Noother-Fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Juan
  full_name: Montero, Juan
  last_name: Montero
- first_name: Beate
  full_name: Kilian, Beate
  last_name: Kilian
- first_name: Joanne
  full_name: Chan, Joanne
  last_name: Chan
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Bayliss, Peter
  last_name: Bayliss
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: Montero J, Kilian B, Chan J, Bayliss P, Heisenberg C-PJ. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
    is required for process outgrowth and cell polarization of gastrulating mesendodermal
    cells. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2003;13(15):1279-1289. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0">10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0</a>
  apa: Montero, J., Kilian, B., Chan, J., Bayliss, P., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J.
    (2003). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is required for process outgrowth and cell polarization
    of gastrulating mesendodermal cells. <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0</a>
  chicago: Montero, Juan, Beate Kilian, Joanne Chan, Peter Bayliss, and Carl-Philipp
    J Heisenberg. “Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Is Required for Process Outgrowth and
    Cell Polarization of Gastrulating Mesendodermal Cells.” <i>Current Biology</i>.
    Cell Press, 2003. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0</a>.
  ieee: J. Montero, B. Kilian, J. Chan, P. Bayliss, and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Phosphoinositide
    3-kinase is required for process outgrowth and cell polarization of gastrulating
    mesendodermal cells,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 13, no. 15. Cell Press, pp.
    1279–1289, 2003.
  ista: Montero J, Kilian B, Chan J, Bayliss P, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2003. Phosphoinositide
    3-kinase is required for process outgrowth and cell polarization of gastrulating
    mesendodermal cells. Current Biology. 13(15), 1279–1289.
  mla: Montero, Juan, et al. “Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Is Required for Process Outgrowth
    and Cell Polarization of Gastrulating Mesendodermal Cells.” <i>Current Biology</i>,
    vol. 13, no. 15, Cell Press, 2003, pp. 1279–89, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0">10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0</a>.
  short: J. Montero, B. Kilian, J. Chan, P. Bayliss, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Current Biology
    13 (2003) 1279–1289.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:22Z
date_published: 2003-08-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-27T10:03:37Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00505-0
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - ' 12906787'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '15'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: None
page: 1279 - 1289
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-0445
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1950'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is required for process outgrowth and cell polarization
  of gastrulating mesendodermal cells
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 13
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '4256'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Artificial Life models may shed new light on the long-standing challenge for
    evolutionary biology of explaining the origins of complex organs. Real progress
    on this issue, however, requires Artificial Life researchers to take seriously
    the tools and insights from population genetics.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Willem
  full_name: Zuidema, Willem
  last_name: Zuidema
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Zuidema W. The erratic path towards complexity. <i>Current Biology</i>.
    2003;13(16):R649-R651. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., &#38; Zuidema, W. (2003). The erratic path towards complexity.
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Willem Zuidema. “The Erratic Path towards Complexity.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press, 2003. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton and W. Zuidema, “The erratic path towards complexity,” <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 13, no. 16. Cell Press, pp. R649–R651, 2003.
  ista: Barton NH, Zuidema W. 2003. The erratic path towards complexity. Current Biology.
    13(16), R649–R651.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Willem Zuidema. “The Erratic Path towards Complexity.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 13, no. 16, Cell Press, 2003, pp. R649–51, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, W. Zuidema, Current Biology 13 (2003) R649–R651.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:53Z
date_published: 2003-08-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-23T09:41:33Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00573-6
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '16'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa_version: Published Version
page: R649 - R651
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1838'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The erratic path towards complexity
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 13
year: '2003'
...
---
_id: '2988'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Coordination of cell and tissue polarity commonly involves directional signaling
    [1]. In the Arabidopsis root epidermis, cell polarity is revealed by basal, root
    tip-oriented, hair outgrowth from hair-forming cells (trichoblasts) [2]. The plant
    hormone auxin displays polar movements [1, 3] and accumulates at maximum concentration
    in the root tip [4, 5]. The application of polar auxin transport inhibitors [3]
    evokes changes in trichoblast polarity only at high concentrations and after long-term
    application [2, 4]. Thus, it remains open whether components of the auxin transport
    machinery mediate establishment of trichoblast polarity. Here we report that the
    presumptive auxin influx carrier AUX1 [6, 7] contributes to apical-basal hair
    cell polarity. AUX1 function is required for polarity changes induced by exogenous
    application of the auxin 2,4-D, a preferential influx carrier substrate. Similar
    to aux1 mutants, the vesicle trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) interferes
    with polar hair initiation, and AUX1 function is required for BFA-mediated polarity
    changes. Consistently, BFA inhibits membrane trafficking of AUX1, trichoblast
    hyperpolarization induced by 2,4-D, and alters the distal auxin maximum. Our results
    identify AUX1 as one component of a novel BFA-sensitive auxin transport pathway
    polarizing cells toward a hormone maximum.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Grebe, Markus
  last_name: Grebe
- first_name: Jirí
  full_name: Friml, Jirí
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
- first_name: Ranjan
  full_name: Swarup, Ranjan
  last_name: Swarup
- first_name: Karin
  full_name: Ljung, Karin
  last_name: Ljung
- first_name: Göran
  full_name: Sandberg, Göran
  last_name: Sandberg
- first_name: Maarten
  full_name: Terlou, Maarten
  last_name: Terlou
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Palme, Klaus
  last_name: Palme
- first_name: Malcolm
  full_name: Bennett, Malcolm
  last_name: Bennett
- first_name: Ben
  full_name: Scheres, Ben
  last_name: Scheres
citation:
  ama: Grebe M, Friml J, Swarup R, et al. Cell polarity signaling in Arabidopsis involves
    a BFA sensitive auxin influx pathway. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2002;12(4):329-334.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1</a>
  apa: Grebe, M., Friml, J., Swarup, R., Ljung, K., Sandberg, G., Terlou, M., … Scheres,
    B. (2002). Cell polarity signaling in Arabidopsis involves a BFA sensitive auxin
    influx pathway. <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1</a>
  chicago: Grebe, Markus, Jiří Friml, Ranjan Swarup, Karin Ljung, Göran Sandberg,
    Maarten Terlou, Klaus Palme, Malcolm Bennett, and Ben Scheres. “Cell Polarity
    Signaling in Arabidopsis Involves a BFA Sensitive Auxin Influx Pathway.” <i>Current
    Biology</i>. Cell Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1</a>.
  ieee: M. Grebe <i>et al.</i>, “Cell polarity signaling in Arabidopsis involves a
    BFA sensitive auxin influx pathway,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 4. Cell
    Press, pp. 329–334, 2002.
  ista: Grebe M, Friml J, Swarup R, Ljung K, Sandberg G, Terlou M, Palme K, Bennett
    M, Scheres B. 2002. Cell polarity signaling in Arabidopsis involves a BFA sensitive
    auxin influx pathway. Current Biology. 12(4), 329–334.
  mla: Grebe, Markus, et al. “Cell Polarity Signaling in Arabidopsis Involves a BFA
    Sensitive Auxin Influx Pathway.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 4, Cell
    Press, 2002, pp. 329–34, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1</a>.
  short: M. Grebe, J. Friml, R. Swarup, K. Ljung, G. Sandberg, M. Terlou, K. Palme,
    M. Bennett, B. Scheres, Current Biology 12 (2002) 329–334.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:00:43Z
date_published: 2002-02-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-07-17T12:15:28Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00654-1
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11864575'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 329 - 334
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '3714'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cell polarity signaling in Arabidopsis involves a BFA sensitive auxin influx
  pathway
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 12
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '11124'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Ran GTPase plays important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport in interphase
    [1, 2] and in both spindle formation and nuclear envelope (NE) assembly during
    mitosis [3, 4, 5]. The latter functions rely on the presence of high local concentrations
    of GTP-bound Ran near mitotic chromatin [3, 4, 5]. RanGTP localization has been
    proposed to result from the association of Ran's GDP/GTP exchange factor, RCC1,
    with chromatin [6, 7, 8, 9], but Ran is shown here to bind directly to chromatin
    in two modes, either dependent or independent of RCC1, and, where bound, to increase
    the affinity of chromatin for NE membranes. We propose that the Ran binding capacity
    of chromatin contributes to localized spindle and NE assembly.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel
  last_name: Bilbao-Cortés
- first_name: Martin W
  full_name: HETZER, Martin W
  id: 86c0d31b-b4eb-11ec-ac5a-eae7b2e135ed
  last_name: HETZER
  orcid: 0000-0002-2111-992X
- first_name: Gernot
  full_name: Längst, Gernot
  last_name: Längst
- first_name: Peter B.
  full_name: Becker, Peter B.
  last_name: Becker
- first_name: Iain W.
  full_name: Mattaj, Iain W.
  last_name: Mattaj
citation:
  ama: Bilbao-Cortés D, Hetzer M, Längst G, Becker PB, Mattaj IW. Ran binds to chromatin
    by two distinct mechanisms. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2002;12(13):1151-1156. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>
  apa: Bilbao-Cortés, D., Hetzer, M., Längst, G., Becker, P. B., &#38; Mattaj, I.
    W. (2002). Ran binds to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms. <i>Current Biology</i>.
    Elsevier BV. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>
  chicago: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel, Martin Hetzer, Gernot Längst, Peter B. Becker, and
    Iain W. Mattaj. “Ran Binds to Chromatin by Two Distinct Mechanisms.” <i>Current
    Biology</i>. Elsevier BV, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>.
  ieee: D. Bilbao-Cortés, M. Hetzer, G. Längst, P. B. Becker, and I. W. Mattaj, “Ran
    binds to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12,
    no. 13. Elsevier BV, pp. 1151–1156, 2002.
  ista: Bilbao-Cortés D, Hetzer M, Längst G, Becker PB, Mattaj IW. 2002. Ran binds
    to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms. Current Biology. 12(13), 1151–1156.
  mla: Bilbao-Cortés, Daniel, et al. “Ran Binds to Chromatin by Two Distinct Mechanisms.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 13, Elsevier BV, 2002, pp. 1151–56, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2">10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2</a>.
  short: D. Bilbao-Cortés, M. Hetzer, G. Längst, P.B. Becker, I.W. Mattaj, Current
    Biology 12 (2002) 1151–1156.
date_created: 2022-04-07T07:57:31Z
date_published: 2002-07-09T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-18T08:58:05Z
day: '09'
doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00927-2
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12121625'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '13'
keyword:
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00927-2
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1151-1156
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ran binds to chromatin by two distinct mechanisms
type: journal_article
user_id: 72615eeb-f1f3-11ec-aa25-d4573ddc34fd
volume: 12
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4199'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Recent studies on vertebrate homologues of the van gogh/strabismus (vang/stbm)
    gene, a key player in planar cell polarity signalling in Drosophila, show that
    vang/stbm is involved in patterning and morphogenesis during vertebrate gastrulation
    where it modulates two distinct Wnt signals.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Masazumi
  full_name: Tada, Masazumi
  last_name: Tada
citation:
  ama: 'Heisenberg C-PJ, Tada M. Wnt signalling: A moving picture emerges from van
    gogh. <i>Current Biology</i>. 2002;12(4):R126-R128. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2</a>'
  apa: 'Heisenberg, C.-P. J., &#38; Tada, M. (2002). Wnt signalling: A moving picture
    emerges from van gogh. <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2</a>'
  chicago: 'Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J, and Masazumi Tada. “Wnt Signalling: A Moving
    Picture Emerges from van Gogh.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2</a>.'
  ieee: 'C.-P. J. Heisenberg and M. Tada, “Wnt signalling: A moving picture emerges
    from van gogh,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 4. Cell Press, pp. R126–R128,
    2002.'
  ista: 'Heisenberg C-PJ, Tada M. 2002. Wnt signalling: A moving picture emerges from
    van gogh. Current Biology. 12(4), R126–R128.'
  mla: 'Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J., and Masazumi Tada. “Wnt Signalling: A Moving
    Picture Emerges from van Gogh.” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 4, Cell Press,
    2002, pp. R126–28, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2</a>.'
  short: C.-P.J. Heisenberg, M. Tada, Current Biology 12 (2002) R126–R128.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:32Z
date_published: 2002-02-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-07T08:54:35Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00704-2
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '11864583'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: R126 - R128
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1919'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Wnt signalling: A moving picture emerges from van gogh'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 12
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4207'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Vertebrate homologues of the Strabismus/van Gogh (stbm/vang) gene have been
    implicated in patterning and morphogenesis during gastrulation. Recent work shows
    that stbm/vang is mutated in zebrafish trilobite mutants and that stbm/vang is
    required for morphogenesis but not patterning during zebrafish gastrulation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: 'Heisenberg C-PJ. Wnt signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus. <i>Current Biology</i>.
    2002;12(19):R657-R659. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0</a>'
  apa: 'Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2002). Wnt signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0</a>'
  chicago: 'Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J. “Wnt Signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0</a>.'
  ieee: 'C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Wnt signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus,” <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 19. Cell Press, pp. R657–R659, 2002.'
  ista: 'Heisenberg C-PJ. 2002. Wnt signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus. Current
    Biology. 12(19), R657–R659.'
  mla: 'Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J. “Wnt Signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus.” <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 12, no. 19, Cell Press, 2002, pp. R657–59, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0</a>.'
  short: C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Current Biology 12 (2002) R657–R659.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:35Z
date_published: 2002-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-06T15:09:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01160-0
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '12361585'
intvolume: '        12'
issue: '19'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: R657 - R659
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1912'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Wnt signalling: Refocusing on Strabismus'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 12
year: '2002'
...
---
_id: '4289'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A worldwide survey of polymorphic molecular markers shows that the human population
    is genetically homogeneous, in close agreement with evidence from quite different
    genes and traits.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity. <i>Current
    Biology</i>. 1997;7(12):757-758. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H. (1997). Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity.
    <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Population Genetics: A New Apportionment of Human
    Diversity.” <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell Press, 1997. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity,”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 7, no. 12. Cell Press, pp. 757–758, 1997.'
  ista: 'Barton NH. 1997. Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity.
    Current Biology. 7(12), 757–758.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Population Genetics: A New Apportionment of Human Diversity.”
    <i>Current Biology</i>, vol. 7, no. 12, Cell Press, 1997, pp. 757–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6</a>.'
  short: N.H. Barton, Current Biology 7 (1997) 757–758.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:04Z
date_published: 1997-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-17T13:07:08Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00397-6
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982206003976?via%3Dihub
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 757 - 758
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1788'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Population genetics: A new apportionment of human diversity'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 7
year: '1997'
...
---
_id: '4295'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Genetic studies are beginning to provide insights into the evolutionary processes
    that reduce the fitness of hybrids between recently diverged species. However,
    the deleterious gene interactions responsible for this fitness reduction are still
    poorly understood.
acknowledgement: Thanks to Brian Charlesworth, Jerry Coyne, Allen Orr and Michael
  Turelli for their comments on this note, and to the BBSRC and NERC for financial
  support.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: 'Barton NH. Speciation: more than the sum of its parts. In: <i>Current Biology</i>.
    Vol 6. Cell Press; 1996:1244-1246. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0</a>'
  apa: 'Barton, N. H. (1996). Speciation: more than the sum of its parts. In <i>Current
    Biology</i> (Vol. 6, pp. 1244–1246). Cell Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0</a>'
  chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Speciation: More than the Sum of Its Parts.” In <i>Current
    Biology</i>, 6:1244–46. Cell Press, 1996. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “Speciation: more than the sum of its parts,” in <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 6, Cell Press, 1996, pp. 1244–1246.'
  ista: 'Barton NH. 1996.Speciation: more than the sum of its parts. In: Current Biology.
    vol. 6, 1244–1246.'
  mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “Speciation: More than the Sum of Its Parts.” <i>Current
    Biology</i>, vol. 6, Cell Press, 1996, pp. 1244–46, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0">10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0</a>.'
  short: N.H. Barton, in:, Current Biology, Cell Press, 1996, pp. 1244–1246.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:06Z
date_published: 1996-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-07T09:28:28Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '8939554'
intvolume: '         6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982202707070?via%3Dihub
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1244 - 1246
pmid: 1
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1781'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Speciation: more than the sum of its parts'
type: book_chapter
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '1996'
...
---
_id: '4304'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Barton NH. Why species and subspecies? <i>Current Biology</i>. 1993;3(11):797-799.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N">10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H. (1993). Why species and subspecies? <i>Current Biology</i>. Cell
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N">https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Species and Subspecies?” <i>Current Biology</i>.
    Cell Press, 1993. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N">https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “Why species and subspecies?,” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol.
    3, no. 11. Cell Press, pp. 797–799, 1993.
  ista: Barton NH. 1993. Why species and subspecies? Current Biology. 3(11), 797–799.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Why Species and Subspecies?” <i>Current Biology</i>, vol.
    3, no. 11, Cell Press, 1993, pp. 797–99, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N">10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, Current Biology 3 (1993) 797–799.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:09Z
date_published: 1993-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:19:21Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/0960-9822(93)90036-N
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096098229390036N?via%3Dihub
month: '11'
oa_version: None
page: 797 - 799
publication: Current Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0960-9822
publication_status: published
publisher: Cell Press
publist_id: '1761'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Why species and subspecies?
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 3
year: '1993'
...