---
_id: '11546'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Local adaptation leads to differences between populations within a species.
In many systems, similar environmental contrasts occur repeatedly, sometimes driving
parallel phenotypic evolution. Understanding the genomic basis of local adaptation
and parallel evolution is a major goal of evolutionary genomics. It is now known
that by preventing the break-up of favourable combinations of alleles across multiple
loci, genetic architectures that reduce recombination, like chromosomal inversions,
can make an important contribution to local adaptation. However, little is known
about whether inversions also contribute disproportionately to parallel evolution.
Our aim here is to highlight this knowledge gap, to showcase existing studies,
and to illustrate the differences between genomic architectures with and without
inversions using simple models. We predict that by generating stronger effective
selection, inversions can sometimes speed up the parallel adaptive process or
enable parallel adaptation where it would be impossible otherwise, but this is
highly dependent on the spatial setting. We highlight that further empirical work
is needed, in particular to cover a broader taxonomic range and to understand
the relative importance of inversions compared to genomic regions without inversions.
acknowledgement: We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful
and interesting comments on this manuscript.
article_number: '20210203'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
- first_name: Rui
full_name: Faria, Rui
last_name: Faria
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Johannesson, Kerstin
last_name: Johannesson
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Butlin, Roger
last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R, Barton NH. Inversions and parallel
evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
2022;377(1856). doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0203'
apa: 'Westram, A. M., Faria, R., Johannesson, K., Butlin, R., & Barton, N. H.
(2022). Inversions and parallel evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Royal Society of London. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203'
chicago: 'Westram, Anja M, Rui Faria, Kerstin Johannesson, Roger Butlin, and Nicholas
H Barton. “Inversions and Parallel Evolution.” Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Royal Society of London, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203.'
ieee: 'A. M. Westram, R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. Butlin, and N. H. Barton, “Inversions
and parallel evolution,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences, vol. 377, no. 1856. Royal Society of London, 2022.'
ista: 'Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R, Barton NH. 2022. Inversions
and parallel evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences. 377(1856), 20210203.'
mla: 'Westram, Anja M., et al. “Inversions and Parallel Evolution.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 377, no. 1856,
20210203, Royal Society of London, 2022, doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0203.'
short: 'A.M. Westram, R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. Butlin, N.H. Barton, Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377 (2022).'
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-07-08T11:41:56Z
date_published: 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-12T06:10:18Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: BeVi
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0203
external_id:
isi:
- '000812317300005'
pmid:
- '35694747'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 49f69428f3dcf5ce3ff281f7d199e9df
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2023-02-02T08:20:29Z
date_updated: 2023-02-02T08:20:29Z
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file_name: 2022_PhilosophicalTransactionsB_Westram.pdf
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file_date_updated: 2023-02-02T08:20:29Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 377'
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keyword:
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E
grant_number: P32166
name: Snapdragon Speciation
publication: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2970
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of London
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Inversions and parallel evolution
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 377
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '10787'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "A species distributed across diverse environments may adapt to local conditions.
We ask how quickly such a species changes its range in response to changed conditions.
Szép et al. (Szép E, Sachdeva H, Barton NH. 2021 Polygenic local adaptation in
metapopulations: a stochastic eco-evolutionary model. Evolution75, 1030–1045 (doi:10.1111/evo.14210))
used the infinite island model to find the stationary distribution of allele frequencies
and deme sizes. We extend this to find how a metapopulation responds to changes
in carrying capacity, selection strength, or migration rate when deme sizes are
fixed. We further develop a ‘fixed-state’ approximation. Under this approximation,
polymorphism is only possible for a narrow range of habitat proportions when selection
is weak compared to drift, but for a much wider range otherwise. When rates of
selection or migration relative to drift change in a single deme of the metapopulation,
the population takes a time of order m−1 to reach the new equilibrium. However,
even with many loci, there can be substantial fluctuations in net adaptation,
because at each locus, alleles randomly get lost or fixed. Thus, in a finite metapopulation,
variation may gradually be lost by chance, even if it would persist in an infinite
metapopulation. When conditions change across the whole metapopulation, there
can be rapid change, which is predicted well by the fixed-state approximation.
This work helps towards an understanding of how metapopulations extend their range
across diverse environments.\r\nThis article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’
ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)’."
acknowledgement: This research was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
[FWF P-32896B].
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Oluwafunmilola O
full_name: Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O
id: 41AD96DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Olusanya
orcid: 0000-0003-1971-8314
citation:
ama: 'Barton NH, Olusanya OO. The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
2022;377(1848). doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0009'
apa: 'Barton, N. H., & Olusanya, O. O. (2022). The response of a metapopulation
to a changing environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009'
chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H, and Oluwafunmilola O Olusanya. “The Response of a
Metapopulation to a Changing Environment.” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0009.'
ieee: 'N. H. Barton and O. O. Olusanya, “The response of a metapopulation to a changing
environment,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences, vol. 377, no. 1848. The Royal Society, 2022.'
ista: 'Barton NH, Olusanya OO. 2022. The response of a metapopulation to a changing
environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
377(1848).'
mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H., and Oluwafunmilola O. Olusanya. “The Response of a Metapopulation
to a Changing Environment.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
B: Biological Sciences, vol. 377, no. 1848, The Royal Society, 2022, doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0009.'
short: 'N.H. Barton, O.O. Olusanya, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
B: Biological Sciences 377 (2022).'
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2022-02-21T16:08:10Z
date_published: 2022-04-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T12:54:28Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0009
external_id:
isi:
- '000758140300001'
pmid:
- '35184588'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 3b0243738f01bf3c07e0d7e8dc64f71d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2022-08-02T06:14:32Z
date_updated: 2022-08-02T06:14:32Z
file_id: '11719'
file_name: 2022_PhilosophicalTransactionsRSB_Barton.pdf
file_size: 1349672
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-08-02T06:14:32Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 377'
isi: 1
issue: '1848'
keyword:
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: c08d3278-5a5b-11eb-8a69-fdb09b55f4b8
grant_number: P32896
name: Causes and consequences of population fragmentation
publication: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2970
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The response of a metapopulation to a changing environment
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 377
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '10658'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We analyse how migration from a large mainland influences genetic load and
population numbers on an island, in a scenario where fitness-affecting variants
are unconditionally deleterious, and where numbers decline with increasing load.
Our analysis shows that migration can have qualitatively different effects, depending
on the total mutation target and fitness effects of deleterious variants. In particular,
we find that populations exhibit a genetic Allee effect across a wide range of
parameter combinations, when variants are partially recessive, cycling between
low-load (large-population) and high-load (sink) states. Increased migration reduces
load in the sink state (by increasing heterozygosity) but further inflates load
in the large-population state (by hindering purging). We identify various critical
parameter thresholds at which one or other stable state collapses, and discuss
how these thresholds are influenced by the genetic versus demographic effects
of migration. Our analysis is based on a ‘semi-deterministic’ analysis, which
accounts for genetic drift but neglects demographic stochasticity. We also compare
against simulations which account for both demographic stochasticity and drift.
Our results clarify the importance of gene flow as a key determinant of extinction
risk in peripheral populations, even in the absence of ecological gradients. This
article is part of the theme issue ‘Species’ ranges in the face of changing environments
(part I)’.
acknowledgement: This research was partly funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
(grant no. P-32896B).
article_number: '20210010'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Himani
full_name: Sachdeva, Himani
last_name: Sachdeva
- first_name: Oluwafunmilola O
full_name: Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O
id: 41AD96DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Olusanya
orcid: 0000-0003-1971-8314
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Sachdeva H, Olusanya OO, Barton NH. Genetic load and extinction in peripheral
populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2022;377(1846). doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0010'
apa: 'Sachdeva, H., Olusanya, O. O., & Barton, N. H. (2022). Genetic load and
extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic
stochasticity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. The Royal
Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010'
chicago: 'Sachdeva, Himani, Oluwafunmilola O Olusanya, and Nicholas H Barton. “Genetic
Load and Extinction in Peripheral Populations: The Roles of Migration, Drift and
Demographic Stochasticity.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
B. The Royal Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0010.'
ieee: 'H. Sachdeva, O. O. Olusanya, and N. H. Barton, “Genetic load and extinction
in peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity,”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, vol. 377, no. 1846.
The Royal Society, 2022.'
ista: 'Sachdeva H, Olusanya OO, Barton NH. 2022. Genetic load and extinction in
peripheral populations: The roles of migration, drift and demographic stochasticity.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 377(1846), 20210010.'
mla: 'Sachdeva, Himani, et al. “Genetic Load and Extinction in Peripheral Populations:
The Roles of Migration, Drift and Demographic Stochasticity.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B, vol. 377, no. 1846, 20210010, The Royal
Society, 2022, doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0010.'
short: H. Sachdeva, O.O. Olusanya, N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society B 377 (2022).
date_created: 2022-01-24T10:34:53Z
date_published: 2022-01-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-04-07T12:54:28Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0010
external_id:
isi:
- '000745854300008'
pmid:
- '35067097'
file:
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checksum: 04ca9e2f0e344d680b947f2457df8d0a
content_type: application/pdf
creator: oolusany
date_created: 2022-01-24T10:34:45Z
date_updated: 2022-01-24T10:34:45Z
file_id: '10659'
file_name: rstb.2021.0010.pdf
file_size: 1845792
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2022-01-24T10:34:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 377'
isi: 1
issue: '1846'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: c08d3278-5a5b-11eb-8a69-fdb09b55f4b8
grant_number: P32896
name: Causes and consequences of population fragmentation
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2970
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: earlier_version
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.05.455207
record:
- id: '14711'
relation: dissertation_contains
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Genetic load and extinction in peripheral populations: The roles of migration,
drift and demographic stochasticity'
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 377
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...
---
OA_place: repository
OA_type: green
_id: '8112'
article_number: '20190530'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Barton NH. On the completion of speciation. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society Series B: Biological Sciences. 2020;375(1806). doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0530'
apa: 'Barton, N. H. (2020). On the completion of speciation. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530'
chicago: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “On the Completion of Speciation.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. The Royal
Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0530.'
ieee: 'N. H. Barton, “On the completion of speciation,” Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 375, no. 1806. The
Royal Society, 2020.'
ista: 'Barton NH. 2020. On the completion of speciation. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. 375(1806), 20190530.'
mla: 'Barton, Nicholas H. “On the Completion of Speciation.” Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 375, no. 1806, 20190530,
The Royal Society, 2020, doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0530.'
short: 'N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B:
Biological Sciences 375 (2020).'
date_created: 2020-07-13T03:41:39Z
date_published: 2020-07-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-06-25T07:45:22Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0530
external_id:
isi:
- '000552662100002'
pmid:
- '32654647'
intvolume: ' 375'
isi: 1
issue: '1806'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7423282/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
publication: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological
Sciences'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2970
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the completion of speciation
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 375
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8168'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Speciation, that is, the evolution of reproductive barriers eventually leading
to complete isolation, is a crucial process generating biodiversity. Recent work
has contributed much to our understanding of how reproductive barriers begin to
evolve, and how they are maintained in the face of gene flow. However, little
is known about the transition from partial to strong reproductive isolation (RI)
and the completion of speciation. We argue that the evolution of strong RI is
likely to involve different processes, or new interactions among processes, compared
with the evolution of the first reproductive barriers. Transition to strong RI
may be brought about by changing external conditions, for example, following secondary
contact. However, the increasing levels of RI themselves create opportunities
for new barriers to evolve and, and interaction or coupling among barriers. These
changing processes may depend on genomic architecture and leave detectable signals
in the genome. We outline outstanding questions and suggest more theoretical and
empirical work, considering both patterns and processes associated with strong
RI, is needed to understand how speciation is completed.
article_number: '20190528'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jonna
full_name: Kulmuni, Jonna
last_name: Kulmuni
- first_name: Roger K.
full_name: Butlin, Roger K.
last_name: Butlin
- first_name: Kay
full_name: Lucek, Kay
last_name: Lucek
- first_name: Vincent
full_name: Savolainen, Vincent
last_name: Savolainen
- first_name: Anja M
full_name: Westram, Anja M
id: 3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Westram
orcid: 0000-0003-1050-4969
citation:
ama: 'Kulmuni J, Butlin RK, Lucek K, Savolainen V, Westram AM. Towards the completion
of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series B: Biological sciences.
2020;375(1806). doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0528'
apa: 'Kulmuni, J., Butlin, R. K., Lucek, K., Savolainen, V., & Westram, A. M.
(2020). Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation
beyond the first barriers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Series B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528'
chicago: 'Kulmuni, Jonna, Roger K. Butlin, Kay Lucek, Vincent Savolainen, and Anja
M Westram. “Towards the Completion of Speciation: The Evolution of Reproductive
Isolation beyond the First Barriers.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society. Series B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528.'
ieee: 'J. Kulmuni, R. K. Butlin, K. Lucek, V. Savolainen, and A. M. Westram, “Towards
the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the
first barriers,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B:
Biological sciences, vol. 375, no. 1806. The Royal Society, 2020.'
ista: 'Kulmuni J, Butlin RK, Lucek K, Savolainen V, Westram AM. 2020. Towards the
completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first
barriers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological
sciences. 375(1806), 20190528.'
mla: 'Kulmuni, Jonna, et al. “Towards the Completion of Speciation: The Evolution
of Reproductive Isolation beyond the First Barriers.” Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 375, no. 1806, 20190528,
The Royal Society, 2020, doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0528.'
short: 'J. Kulmuni, R.K. Butlin, K. Lucek, V. Savolainen, A.M. Westram, Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences 375 (2020).'
date_created: 2020-07-26T22:01:01Z
date_published: 2020-07-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-04-14T07:48:21Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0528
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000552662100001'
pmid:
- '32654637'
intvolume: ' 375'
isi: 1
issue: '1806'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0528
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 265B41B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: H2020
grant_number: '797747'
name: Theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding Parallel Adaptation
publication: 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological
sciences'
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2970
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: The Royal Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Towards the completion of speciation: The evolution of reproductive isolation
beyond the first barriers'
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 375
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '1830'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: To prevent epidemics, insect societies have evolved collective disease defences
that are highly effective at curing exposed individuals and limiting disease transmission
to healthy group members. Grooming is an important sanitary behaviour—either performed
towards oneself (self-grooming) or towards others (allogrooming)—to remove infectious
agents from the body surface of exposed individuals, but at the risk of disease
contraction by the groomer. We use garden ants (Lasius neglectus) and the fungal
pathogen Metarhizium as a model system to study how pathogen presence affects
self-grooming and allogrooming between exposed and healthy individuals. We develop
an epidemiological SIS model to explore how experimentally observed grooming patterns
affect disease spread within the colony, thereby providing a direct link between
the expression and direction of sanitary behaviours, and their effects on colony-level
epidemiology. We find that fungus-exposed ants increase self-grooming, while simultaneously
decreasing allogrooming. This behavioural modulation seems universally adaptive
and is predicted to contain disease spread in a great variety of host–pathogen
systems. In contrast, allogrooming directed towards pathogen-exposed individuals
might both increase and decrease disease risk. Our model reveals that the effect
of allogrooming depends on the balance between pathogen infectiousness and efficiency
of social host defences, which are likely to vary across host–pathogen systems.
acknowledgement: We thank Meghan L. Vyleta for the genetical fungal strain characterization
and Eva Sixt for ant drawings, Matthias Konrad for discussion and Christopher D.
Pull, Barbara Casillas-Peréz, Sebastian Novak, as well as three anonymous reviewers
and the theme issue editors Peter Kappeler and Charlie Nunn for valuable comments
on the manuscript.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Theis, Fabian
last_name: Theis
- first_name: Line V
full_name: Ugelvig, Line V
id: 3DC97C8E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Ugelvig
orcid: 0000-0003-1832-8883
- first_name: Carsten
full_name: Marr, Carsten
last_name: Marr
- first_name: Sylvia
full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Cremer
orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
citation:
ama: Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. Opposing effects of allogrooming on
disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences. 2015;370(1669). doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0108
apa: Theis, F., Ugelvig, L. V., Marr, C., & Cremer, S. (2015). Opposing effects
of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society,
The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108
chicago: Theis, Fabian, Line V Ugelvig, Carsten Marr, and Sylvia Cremer. “Opposing
Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission in Ant Societies.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.
Royal Society, The, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0108.
ieee: F. Theis, L. V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, and S. Cremer, “Opposing effects of allogrooming
on disease transmission in ant societies,” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1669.
Royal Society, The, 2015.
ista: Theis F, Ugelvig LV, Marr C, Cremer S. 2015. Opposing effects of allogrooming
on disease transmission in ant societies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 370(1669).
mla: Theis, Fabian, et al. “Opposing Effects of Allogrooming on Disease Transmission
in Ant Societies.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1669, Royal Society, The, 2015,
doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0108.
short: F. Theis, L.V. Ugelvig, C. Marr, S. Cremer, Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 370 (2015).
corr_author: '1'
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:15Z
date_published: 2015-05-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-09-23T09:44:53Z
day: '26'
department:
- _id: SyCr
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0108
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
isi:
- '000354143400010'
pmid:
- '25870394'
intvolume: ' 370'
isi: 1
issue: '1669'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410374/
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25DC711C-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '243071'
name: 'Social Vaccination in Ant Colonies: from Individual Mechanisms to Society
Effects'
- _id: 25DDF0F0-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '302004'
name: 'Collective disease defence and pathogen detection abilities in ant societies:
a chemo-neuro-immunological approach'
- _id: 25E0E184-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Schnellboot Antnet Junge Akademie
- _id: 25E24DB2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
name: Fellowship of Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1471-2970
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society, The
publist_id: '5273'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9721'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Opposing effects of allogrooming on disease transmission in ant societies
type: journal_article
user_id: 317138e5-6ab7-11ef-aa6d-ffef3953e345
volume: 370
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '4274'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Selection on one or more genes inevitably perturbs other genes, even when
those genes have no direct effect on fitness. This article reviews the theory
of such genetic hitchhiking, concentrating on effects on neutral loci. Maynard
Smith and Haigh introduced the classical case where the perturbation is due to
a single favourable mutation. This is contrasted with the apparently distinct
effects of inherited variation in fitness due to loosely linked loci. A model
of fluctuating selection is analysed which bridges these alternative treatments.
When alleles sweep between extreme frequencies at a rate λ, the rate of drift
is increased by a factor (1 + E[1/pq]λ/(2(2λ + r))), where the recombination rate
r is much smaller than the strength of selection. In spatially structured populations,
the effects of any one substitution are weaker, and only cause a local increase
in the frequency of a neutral allele. This increase depends primarily on the rate
of recombination relative to selection (r/s), and more weakly, on the neighbourhood
size, Nb = 4πρσ2. Spatial subdivision may allow local selective sweeps to occur
more frequently than is indicated by the overall rate of molecular evolution.
However, it seems unlikely that such sweeps can be sufficiently frequent to increase
significantly the drift of neutral alleles.
acknowledgement: "I am grateful to B. Charlesworth and M.Slatkin for their helpful
comments. This work was supported by the Biotechnology\r\nand Biological Sciences
Research Council, the Natural Environment Research Council, and the Darwin Trust
of Edinburgh."
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Barton NH. Genetic hitchhiking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences. 2000;355(1403):1553-1562.
doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0716
apa: Barton, N. H. (2000). Genetic hitchhiking. Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society
of London. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Genetic Hitchhiking.” Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society
of London, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0716.
ieee: N. H. Barton, “Genetic hitchhiking,” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 355, no. 1403.
Royal Society of London, pp. 1553–1562, 2000.
ista: Barton NH. 2000. Genetic hitchhiking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 355(1403), 1553–1562.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Genetic Hitchhiking.” Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 355, no.
1403, Royal Society of London, 2000, pp. 1553–62, doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0716.
short: N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series
B, Biological Sciences 355 (2000) 1553–1562.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:59Z
date_published: 2000-11-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-04-19T09:35:31Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0716
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '11127900'
intvolume: ' 355'
issue: '1403'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692896/
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 1553 - 1562
pmid: 1
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of London
publist_id: '1815'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetic hitchhiking
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 355
year: '2000'
...
---
_id: '3634'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The evolutionary processes responsible for adaptation and speciation on islands
differ in several ways from those on the mainland. Most attention has been given
to the random genetic drift that arises when a population is founded from just
a few colonizing genomes. Theoretical obstacles to 'founder effect speciation'
are discussed, together with recent proposals for avoiding them. It is argued
that although certain kinds of epistasis can facilitate the evolution of strong
reproductive isolation, this favours divergence by selection as much as by random
drift.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: James
full_name: Mallet, James
last_name: Mallet
citation:
ama: Barton NH, Mallet J. Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of
evolution on islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Series B, Biological Sciences. 1996;351(1341):785-795. doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0073
apa: Barton, N. H., & Mallet, J. (1996). Natural selection and random genetic
drift as causes of evolution on islands. Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society of London.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and James Mallet. “Natural Selection and Random Genetic
Drift as Causes of Evolution on Islands.” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. Royal Society of London,
1996. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1996.0073.
ieee: N. H. Barton and J. Mallet, “Natural selection and random genetic drift as
causes of evolution on islands,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 351, no. 1341. Royal Society
of London, pp. 785–795, 1996.
ista: Barton NH, Mallet J. 1996. Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes
of evolution on islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Series B, Biological Sciences. 351(1341), 785–795.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and James Mallet. “Natural Selection and Random Genetic
Drift as Causes of Evolution on Islands.” Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol. 351, no. 1341,
Royal Society of London, 1996, pp. 785–95, doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0073.
short: N.H. Barton, J. Mallet, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London. Series B, Biological Sciences 351 (1996) 785–795.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:21Z
date_published: 1996-06-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-10T12:57:10Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0073
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8693020'
intvolume: ' 351'
issue: '1341'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa_version: None
page: 785 - 795
pmid: 1
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of London
publist_id: '2749'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Natural selection and random genetic drift as causes of evolution on islands
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 351
year: '1996'
...
---
_id: '3638'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Any sample of genes traces back to a single common ancestor. Each gene also
has other properties: its sequence, its geographic location and the phenotype
and fitness of the organism that carries it. With sexual reproduction, different
genes have different genealogies, which gives us much more information, but also
greatly complicates population genetic analysis. We review the close relation
between the distribution of genealogies and the classic theory of identity by
descent in spatially structured populations, and develop a simple diffusion approximation
to the distribution of coalescence times in a homogeneous two-dimensional habitat.
This shows that when neighbourhood size is large (as in most populations) only
a small fraction of pairs of genes are closely related, and only this fraction
gives information about current rates of gene flow. The increase of spatial dispersion
with lineage age is thus a poor estimator of gene flow. The bulk of the genealogy
depends on the long-term history of the population; we discuss ways of inferring
this history from the concordance between genealogies across loci.'
acknowledgement: This work was supported by BBSRC grant GR/H/09928 and by a Scottish Office studentship. We thank A.
W. F. Edwards and S. Otto for their helpful comments.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: I
full_name: Wilson, I
last_name: Wilson
citation:
ama: Barton NH, Wilson I. Genealogies and geography. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences. 1995;349(1327):49-59.
doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0090
apa: Barton, N. H., & Wilson, I. (1995). Genealogies and geography. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.
Royal Society, The. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0090
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and I Wilson. “Genealogies and Geography.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.
Royal Society, The, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1995.0090.
ieee: N. H. Barton and I. Wilson, “Genealogies and geography,” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences,
vol. 349, no. 1327. Royal Society, The, pp. 49–59, 1995.
ista: Barton NH, Wilson I. 1995. Genealogies and geography. Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 349(1327), 49–59.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and I. Wilson. “Genealogies and Geography.” Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences,
vol. 349, no. 1327, Royal Society, The, 1995, pp. 49–59, doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0090.
short: N.H. Barton, I. Wilson, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London. Series B, Biological Sciences 349 (1995) 49–59.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:22Z
date_published: 1995-07-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-06-27T08:55:07Z
day: '29'
doi: 10.1098/rstb.1995.0090
extern: '1'
external_id:
pmid:
- '8748019'
intvolume: ' 349'
issue: '1327'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.1995.0090
month: '07'
oa_version: None
page: 49 - 59
pmid: 1
publication: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
Biological Sciences
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0962-8436
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society, The
publist_id: '2745'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Genealogies and geography
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 349
year: '1995'
...